Pololu Corporation Orangutan SVP User Manual

Pololu Orangutan SVP

User's Guide

1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.a. Supported Operating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2. Contacting Pololu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3. Schematic Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

4. Module Pinout and Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

5. Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

5.a. Installing Windows Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

5.b. Using the Demo Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

5.c. Programming Your Orangutan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

5.d. Assembling the kit version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

6. AVR Pin Assignment Table Sorted by Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

7. AVR Pin Assignment Table Sorted by Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

8. Using the USB Communication Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

9. Using the TTL Serial Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

10. Motor Driver Truth Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

11. USB Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

12. Upgrading Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

13. Related Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Page 1 of 37

1. Overview

The Orangutan SVP robot controller [http://www.pololu.com/catalog/product/1325] is a

complete control solution for small and medium-sized robots running at 6 – 13.5 V. The module is designed around the powerful Atmel ATmega324PA AVR microcontroller (32 KB ash, 2 KB RAM, and 1 KB EEPROM) or ATmega1284P (128 KB ash, 16 KB RAM, and 4 KB EEPROM) running at 20 MHz and features a full complement of peripheral hardware to support robotics applications: dual motor drivers capable of delivering 2 A continuous (6 peak) per channel, a demultiplexer for easy control of up to eight servos with a single hardware PWM, a removable 16×2 character LCD with backlight, a user trimmer potentiometer, a buzzer for simple sounds and music, three user pushbuttons, and two user LEDs. The board also provides 21 free I/O lines, of which 12 can be used as analog inputs, and two switching buck (step-down) voltage regulators—one for the 5V bus and one adjustable from 2.5 V to 85% of VIN—each capable of supplying 3 A, which means there’s plenty of room and power for adding sensors, servos, and other peripherals.

In addition to the user-programmable AVR microcontroller, the Orangutan SVP features an auxiliary PIC18F14K50 MCU that supports the main processor and serves as an integrated AVR ISP programmer, which means that no external programmer is required to use the Orangutan SVP. This auxiliary processor provides a USB connection that allows direct communication with a PC, and its rmware lets it perform several useful task in parallel with the main microcontroller. For example, the auxiliary processor can read two quadrature encoders without burdening the main MCU, or those same four inputs could be used as additional analog inputs. The ATmega324 or ATmega1284 can read data from the auxiliary MCU over SPI. A USB A to mini-B cable [http://www.pololu.com/catalog/product/130] is included with the Orangutan SVP.

Because the Orangutan SVP gives the user direct access to the AVR microcontroller, it is compatible with all development software for Atmel’s AVR microcontrollers, including Atmel’s free AVR Studio [http://www.atmel.com/avrstudio/] and the

WinAVR [http://winavr.sourceforge.net/] GCC C/C++ compiler. We provide an extensive set of software libraries [http://www.pololu.com/docs/0J20] that make it easy to interface with all

of the integrated hardware, including the auxiliary microcontroller. Using these libraries, it takes just a few simple lines of code to write to the LCD, read button presses, drive motors, and control servos. These libraries come with a number of sample programs that demonstrate how to use the various components on the Orangutan SVP.

Specications & On-Board Hardware

• Overall unit dimensions: 3.70" × 2.20"

• Input voltage: 6 – 13.5 V

• Programmable 20 MHz Atmel ATmega324PA AVR microcontroller with 32 KB ash, 2 KB SRAM, and 1 KB EEPROM *

• Programmable 20 MHz Atmel ATmega1284P AVR microcontroller with 128 KB ash, 16 KB RAM, and 4 KB EEPROM *(SVP-1284 version)

• Built-in USB AVR ISP programmer (USB A to mini-B cable [http://www.pololu.com/catalog/product/130] included)

• 2 bidirectional motor ports (2 A continuous per channel, 6 A maximum per channel)

1. Overview Page 2 of 37

• 8-output demultiplexer tied to one of the AVR’s hardware PWMs for easy control of up to 8 servos

• 21 free I/O lines ◦ 17 free I/O lines on the main MCU, of which 8 can be analog inputs

◦ 4 input lines on the auxiliary processor, which can be either 4 analog inputs or dual quadrature encoder inputs

◦ 2 hardware UARTs

• Removable 16-character × 2-line LCD with backlight

• Primary 5V switching regulator capable of supplying 3 A

• Secondary adjustable (2.5 V – 85% of VIN) buck (step-down) voltage regulator

capable of supplying 3 A

• Buzzer tied to one of the AVR’s hardware PWMs

• 3 user pushbutton switches

• 2 user LEDs

• Power (push-on/push-o) and reset pushbutton switches

• Power circuit makes it easy to add extra power buttons and provides a self-shutdown

option

• Auxiliary processor (connected via SPI) provides: ◦ Battery voltage reading

◦ User trimmer potentiometer reading

◦ Integrated USB connection

◦ In-System-Programming of the main processor

◦ Ability to read two quadrature encoders

Orangutan SVP kit.

Orangutan SVP fully assembled.

For a Spanish version of this document, please see Orangutan SVP Guia de Usuario [http://www.pololu.com/le/download/OrangutanSVPGuiaUsuario.pdf?le_id=0J328]

(1725k pdf) (provided by customer Jaume B.).

1.a. Supported Operating Systems

The Orangutan SVP’s USB connection works under Microsoft Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Linux. The Orangutan SVP’s USB connection can be used to program the

1. Overview Page 3 of 37

AVR, communicate directly with the AVR from a computer, or communicate with TTL-level serial devices from a computer.

Under Linux, the three virtual COM ports created by the SVP should appear as devices with names like /dev/ttyACM0, /dev/ttyACM1, and /dev/ttyACM2 (the numbers depends on how many other ACM devices you have plugged in) and you can use any terminal program (such as kermit) to send and receive bytes on those ports.

The Orangutan SVP’s USB connection is not compatible with any version of Mac OS.

Note: You may not need to use the Orangutan SVP’s USB connection. If you have an AVR ISP programmer, then you can program the AVR on the Orangutan SVP by connecting your programmer to the 6-pin AVR ISP header located near the SVP’s USB connector. In that case, the operating system of your computer does not matter, as long as your programmer works.

1. Overview Page 4 of 37

2. Contacting Pololu

You can check the Orangutan SVP-324 robot controller page [http://www.pololu.com/catalog/product/1325] or Orangutan SVP-1284 robot controller page [http://www.pololu.com/catalog/product/1327] for additional information, including

pictures, example code, and application notes. You can also nd libraries for interacting with the on-board hardware and an assortment of sample code in the Pololu AVR Library [http://www.pololu.com/docs/0J20].

We would be delighted to hear from you about any of your projects and about your experience with the Orangutan Robot controllers. You can contact us [http://www.pololu.com/contact] directly or post on our forum [http://forum.pololu.com/]. Tell us what we did well, what we could improve, what you would like to see in the future, or anything else you would like to say!

2. Contacting Pololu Page 5 of 37

3. Schematic Diagrams

Schematic diagrams of the Orangutan SVP are available here: Orangutan SVP schematic diagram [http://www.pololu.com/le/download/org06a02_schematic.pdf?le_id=0J265] (99k pdf)

3. Schematic Diagrams Page 6 of 37

4. Module Pinout and Components

sThe Orangutan SVP contains a programmable AVR ATmega324PA or ATmega1284P microcontroller connected to two motor drivers for direct control of two DC motors, a 16×2 character LCD, a buzzer, three user pushbuttons, two user LEDs, and a demultiplexer for servo control. The AVR is also connected to an auxiliary processor (a PIC18F14K50) that provides access to the battery voltage, a 10 kilo-ohm user trimmer potentiometer, and four additional input lines. The auxiliary processor also serves as a programmer for the main processor, meaning that an external programmer is not required, but you can use one if you want to. The auxiliary processor also allows for USB communication between the AVR and a personal computer, and acts as a USB-to-serial converter.

These and the rest of the main features of the module are labeled in the pictures above. Most of the connection points are also indicated on the silkscreen on the back side of the PCB, as shown below. The overall unit dimensions are 3.7” × 2.2”, and four 0.086” mounting holes, suitable for #2 screws, are located 0.1” from the corners of the board.

Orangutan SVP fully assembled PCB with pins labeled.

Power & Motor Connections

The power and motor connections are in the lower-right corner of the unit. The Orangutan SVP’s input voltage (VBAT) should be 6 – 13.5 V, from which the on-board regulator generates the 5 V supply (VCC) that is used to power the logic.

The Orangutan SVP has one TB6612FNG motor driver for each motor output. Each motor driver can deliver a continuous 2 A, and can briey deliver up to 6 A. If you are not taking extra steps to keep the motor driver cool, such as using a heat sink, exceeding this continuous current rating for too long will cause the motor driver to heat up and trigger its built-in thermal shutdown.

By default, the motor drivers are powered from the external power supply (VBAT). However, you can disconnect the external power supply from the motor drivers by cutting the labeled

4. Module Pinout and Components Page 7 of 37

traces on the bottom of the board (VBAT-VM1 and VBAT-VM2). This allows you to connect some other power supply to the motor drivers, such as VADJ (see below). The motor drivers have an operating range of 4.5 – 13.5 V, so your power supply should be in that range, and should be capable of supplying all the current that your motors might draw.

USB Power

When connected to a computer, the USB connection provides a 5 V power supply. If an external power supply is present, the unit will run o of the external supply and not draw any power from USB. If only the USB power is present, then by default the auxiliary processor will be powered from USB, but the AVR and the VCC power pins on the board will not be powered. An option is available for powering the entire board from USB. See Section 11 for more information.

Motors

The motor drivers are controlled by two of the AVR’s hardware PWM outputs from eightbit Timer2 for speed control, along with two digital outputs for direction control. This lets you achieve variable motor speeds using hardware PWMs rather than processor-intensive software PWMs on the motor control lines. You can control the motors using the functions in the OrangutanMotors [http://www.pololu.com/docs/0J18/7] section of the Pololu AVR C/C++ Library.

For each motor, the Orangutan SVP has a current-sensing circuit that produces an output voltage proportional to the current the motors are using (850 mV/A). The respective outputs of these circuits are labeled CS1 and CS2, and they are accessible near the center of the board.

User I/O & Power Outputs

Sixteen user I/O lines can be accessed via the four 4×3 0.100” female headers along the lower edger of the board, as shown below. Each I/O line has associated power and ground connections for easy connections to sensors: the exterior (bottom) pin is ground, the middle pin is power, and the interior (top) pin is signal and connects directly to an AVR I/O line.

For each four-pin bank of I/O lines, you can congure which power voltage is supplied to the power (middle) pins. By default, the power pins are connected to VCC (5 V). You can cut a trace on the bottom of the board to disconnect them from VCC. This will leave the power pins connected to one through-hole, which can be connected to a dierent power source, such as VBAT, which is available elsewhere on the board.

The total current available on the VCC (5 V) line is 3 A, meaning you can power servos and other high-power peripherals directly from your regulated voltage.

LCD

The Orangutan SVP is supplied with a removable 16×2 character LCD with backlight that uses the common HD44780 parallel interface [http://www.pololu.com/le/download/

DMC50448N-AAE-AD.pdf?le_id=0J71] (109k pdf). A dierent LCD can be connected with an

appropriate cable. The AVR has four I/O lines connected to LCD data lines DB4 – DB7 (i.e. is congured to use the LCD in 4-bit mode) and three I/O lines connected to the three LCD control lines RS, R/W, and E. Please note that the LCD data lines are also shared by the user pushbuttons and the green user LED. You can print to the LCD using the functions in the OrangutanLCD [http://www.pololu.com/docs/0J18/5] section of the Pololu AVR C/C++ Library.

4. Module Pinout and Components Page 8 of 37

The LCD’s backlight can be turned o by driving the BACKLIGHT line low. Adjustable dimming of the LCD can be achieved by connecting the line to a free PWM output.

The AVR’s AREF pin is available next to the backlight pin.

Pushbuttons

The Orangutan SVP has ve total pushbuttons: a power on/o button located on the right side of the bottom edge of the board, a reset button located on the left side of the top edge of the board, and three user pushbuttons located along the left edge of the board. Please note that the power button disconnects the external power supply from the entire board, while the reset button connects directly to the AVR’s RESET pin and does not disconnect the power supply.

The user pushbuttons, from top to bottom, are on pins PC5, PC3, and PC2. Pressing one of these buttons pulls the associated I/O pin to ground through a resistor. You can detect button pushes using the functions in the OrangutanPushbuttons [http://www.pololu.com/docs/

0J18/8] section of the Pololu AVR C/C++ Library. The library takes care of conguring the

pins as inputs, enabling the AVR’s internal pull-up resistors, and debouncing (accounting for the fact that pushbuttons physically bounce when pressed).

Buzzer

The Orangutan SVP comes with a buzzer controlled by pin PD4. If you alternate between driving the buzzer pin high and low at a given frequency, the buzzer will produce sound at that frequency. You can use the functions in the OrangutanBuzzer [http://www.pololu.com/docs/0J18/3] section of the Pololu AVR C/C++ Library to play notes in the background (using hardware PWM) while the rest of your processor performs other tasks.

Trimpot

The Orangutan SVP comes with a 10 kilo-ohm user trimmer potentiometer, located between the USB connector and the LCD connector. The trimpot is connected to the auxiliary processor, which measures its output voltage and reports it to the AVR.

You can disconnect the trimpot from the auxiliary processor by cutting the labeled trace between POT and ADC/SS on the bottom side of the board. This gives you two options for that line: you can use it as a general-purpose analog input by connecting some other output to it, or you can connect it to one of your AVR’s free I/O lines and use it as the SPI slaveselect line for the auxiliary processor, allowing you to communicate with some other SPI peripheral.

Programming Connector

The Orangutan SVP has a 6-pin programming connector on the upper left side. This gives you the option of using an AVR ISP in-system programmer from Atmel or a compatible programmer, such as our Pololu USB AVR Programmer [http://www.pololu.com/catalog/

product/1300] to program the AVR. This is not necessary, though, because the Orangutan

SVP’s auxiliary processor can serve as an AVR ISP programmer for the AVR.

By default, pin 5 of the Programming connector, which is labeled by an asterisk (*), is connected to the AVR’s RESET line, which is necessary for ISP programming by an external device). However, you can disconnect those two pins by cutting a labeled trace on the bottom of the circuit board. This gives you the option of using that line for some other signal.

4. Module Pinout and Components Page 9 of 37

Auxiliary I/O & Power Outputs

The Orangutan SVP has ve auxiliary I/O lines that are connected to the auxiliary processor. Each I/O line has associated power and ground connections for easy connections to sensors: the exterior (top) pin is ground, the middle pin is power (VCC), and the interior (bottom) pin is signal and connects directly to an auxiliary processor I/O line. The TX line is the serial transmit line. It transmits TTL-level serial bytes received from the computer on the “Pololu Orangutan SVP TTL Serial Port”. The lines A, B, C, and D/RX can be congured to do dierent things. They can function as three analog inputs plus a serial receive line, as four analog inputs, or as the inputs for two quadrature encoders. See the OrangutanSVP [http://www.pololu.com/docs/0J18/12] section of the Pololu AVR C/C++ Library for more information.

Servo Demultiplexer

The hardware in the upper-right corner of the Orangutan SVP allows you to control up to 8 servos without sacricing a large number of I/O lines or processor cycles. You can control servos using the functions in the OrangutanServos [http://www.pololu.com/docs/0J18/

10] section of the Pololu USB AVR C/C++ library.

The input signal of the demultiplexer is connected to pin PD5 on the AVR. If you are not using PD5 to control servos, you can use it as a general-purpose digital I/O line or PWM output.

The three output-selection pins of the multiplexer (SA, SB, and SC) are available in the header near the multiplexer so they can be wired to free I/O lines on the AVR, allowing you to switch between servos. The output-selection pins have pull-down resistors, so if you have four servos or fewer you can leave some of them disconnected.

The eight output pins of the multiplexer are available in two 4×3 headers. These lines have current-limiting resistors on them. Each multiplexer output line has associated power and ground connections for easy connections to the servos: the exterior (top) pin is ground, the middle pin is power. For each bank of servos, you can congure which power supply is connected to the power pins, using the provided headers and jumpers. You can power the servos from VCC, VADJ (see below), or a separate power supply.

Orangutan SVP with key integrated hardware labeled.

4. Module Pinout and Components Page 10 of 37

Adjustable Voltage (VADJ)

In addition to the 5 V regulator that supplies VCC, the Orangutan SVP comes with an adjustable voltage regulator. Both regulators can supply a current of 3 A. The adjustable voltage regulator draws current from the external power supply (VBAT), and produces an output voltage called VADJ. The trimmer potentiometer in the upper right corner of the board determines VADJ. If you turn the trimpot all the way counter-clockwise, VADJ goes down to about 2.5 V. If you turn it all the way clockwise, VADJ rises to 85% of VIN.

In general, it is advantageous to power servos and other high-power devices from VADJ (instead of VCC), because if the peripherals draw too much current for the power supply to handle the AVR will not be aected.

LEDs

Orangutan SVP LEDs.

The Orangutan SVP comes with 9 LEDs:

• A blue power LED is located next to the power button.

• There are four motor indicator LEDs located near the motor outputs. A green LED lit

indicates that the corresponding motor is being driven “forward” (the voltage on output B is higher than the voltage on A). A red LED indicates that the corresponding motor is being driven in “reverse” (the voltage on output B is lower than the voltage on output A).

• A red user LED is located near the AVR I/O banks. The LED is connected to the

user I/O line PD1. It will light if you set PD1 as a low output. Since PD1 is the serial transmit line for UART0 (TXD0), the LED will icker whenever serial data is being transmitted from the AVR. The LED can be disconnected from PD1 by cutting a labeled trace (PD1-LED) on the bottom of the board.

• A green user LED is located between the trimpot and the buzzer. It will light if you

set PC4 as a high output. Note that PC4 is also used as an LCD data line, so you will see the green LED icker when you update the LCD.

• Another green LED is located near the USB connector. This LED is controlled by the

auxiliary processor and indicates the status of the USB connection. When the USB is disconnected, or the device is in the USB Suspend state (because the computer went to sleep), the green LED is o. When you connect the device to a computer via USB, the green LED will start blinking slowly. The blinking continues until it receives a particular message from the computer indicating that the drivers are installed correctly. After the

4. Module Pinout and Components Page 11 of 37

programmer gets this message, the green LED will be on, but it will icker briey when there is USB activity.

• Another red LED is located near the header for the auxiliary processor’s TX line.

This LED is tied to the TX line, so it will icker whenever the auxiliary processor is transmitting TTL-level serial bytes from the computer. This LED will also blink when the auxiliary processor powers up to indicate bad startup conditions. Two blinks indicates that a brown-out reset was triggered: the processor’s VDD dropped below 3.0 V. If this happens to you, check your power connections and battery voltage, and make sure you are not drawing too much power from the board.

4. Module Pinout and Components Page 12 of 37

+ 25 hidden pages