TABLE 59 - THERMAL INFORMATION – THETA JA VS. AIRFLOW ............ 252
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIALxi
PRELIMINARY
DATASHEET
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PM5366 TEMAP-84
AND M13 MULTIPLEXER
1 FEATURES
• Integrates three SONET/SDH VT1.5/VT2/TU11/TU12 bit asynchronous or byte
synchronous mappers, three full featured M13 multiplexers with DS3 framers,
three E3 framers, and three SONET/SDH DS3 mappers in a single monolithic
device for terminating 84-1.544 Mbit/s or 63-2.048 Mbit/s data streams.
• Each SPE/DS3 independently programmable to allow the following modes of
operation:
• Five T1 modes of operation:
• Three STS-1, AU3 or TUG3 Bit Asynchronous VT1.5 or TU-11 Mappers with
ingress or egress per tributary link monitoring.
• Up to 84 T1 streams mapped as byte synchronous VT1.5 virtual tributaries into
three STS-1 SPEs or TU-11 tributary units into three STM-1/VC3 or TUG3 from a
STM-1/VC4.
• DS3 M13 Multiplexer with ingress or egress per link monitoring. Includes the
option to asynchronously map the DS3s into three STS-1/STM-0 SPEs.
• Up to 84 DS3 multiplexed 1.544 Mbit/s streams are mapped as bit asynchronous
VT1.5 virtual tributaries or TU-11 tributary units, providing a transmultiplexing
function between DS3 and SONET/SDH.
• Up to 63 T1 streams mapped as bit asynchronous TU-12 tributary units into three
STM-1/VC3 or TUG3 from a STM-1/VC4.
• Four E1 modes of operation:
• Three STS-1, AU3 or TUG3 Bit Asynchronous VT2 or TU-12 Mappers with
ingress or egress per tributary link monitoring.
• Up to 63 E1 streams mapped as byte synchronous VT2 virtual tributaries into
three STS-1 SPE or TU-12 tributary units into a STM-1/VC3 or TUG3 from a
STM-1/VC4.
• Up to 63 2.048 Mbit/s streams multiplexed into three DS3s following the ITU-T
G.747 recommendation. Includes the option to asynchronously map the DS3s
into three STS-1/STM-0 SPEs.
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL1
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• Up to 63 DS3 multiplexed 2.048 Mbit/s streams are mapped as bit asynchronous
VT2 virtual tributaries or TU-12 tributary units, providing a transmultiplexing
function between DS3 and SONET/SDH.
• Two unchannelized DS3 modes of operation:
• Standalone unchannelized DS3 framer mode for access to the entire DS3
payload.
• Up to three DS3 streams are mapped bit asynchronously into VC-3s.
• Standalone unchannelized E3 framer mode (ITU-T Rec. G.751 or G.832) for
access to the entire E3 payload.
• Up to 84 VT1.5/TU11 or 63 VT2/TU12 tributaries can be passed between the line
SONET/SDH bus and the SBI bus as transparent virtual tributaries with pointer
processing.
• Supports a byte serial Scaleable Bandwidth Interconnect (SBI) bus interface for
high density system side device interconnection of up to 84 T1 streams, 63 E1
streams, 3 DS3 streams or 3 E3 streams. This interface also supports
transparent virtual tributaries when used with the SONET/SDH mapper.
• Supports insertion and extraction of arbitrary rate (eg. fractional DS3) data
streams to and from the SBI bus interface.
• Provides jitter attenuation in the T1 or E1 receive and transmit directions.
• Provides three independent de-jittered 1.544 MHz or 2.048 MHz recovered
clocks for system timing and redundancy.
• Provides per link diagnostic and line loopbacks.
• Provides an on-board programmable binary sequence generator and detector for
error testing at DS3 and E3 rates. Includes support for patterns recommended in
ITU-T O.151.
• Also provides PRBS generators and detectors on each tributary for error testing
at 1.544 Mbit/s and 2.048 Mbit/s rates as recommended in ITU-T O.151 and
O.152.
• Supports the M23 and C-bit parity DS3 formats.
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• When configured to operate as a DS3 or E3 Framer, gapped transmit and
receive clocks can be optionally generated for interface to link layer devices
which only need access to payload data bits.
• DS3 or E3 Transmit clock source can be selected from either an external
oscillator or from the receive side clock (loop-timed).
• Provides a SONET/SDH Add/Drop bus interface with integrated VT1.5, TU-11,
VT2 and TU-12 mapper for T1and E1 streams. Also provides a DS3 mapper.
• System side interface is an SBI bus.
• Provides a generic 8-bit microprocessor bus interface for configuration, control
and status monitoring.
• Provides a standard 5 signal P1149.1 JTAG test port for boundary scan board
test purposes.
• Low power 1.8V/3.3V CMOS technology. All pins are 5V tolerant.
• 324-pin fine pitch PBGA package (23mm x 23mm). Supports industrial
temperature range (-40oC to 85oC) operation.
Each one of 84 T1 performance monitor sections:
• Provides non-intrusive performance monitoring of either ingress or egress paths,
as selected on a per-tributary basis.
• Frames to DS-1 signals in SF, SLC96 and ESF formats.
• Frames to TTC JT-G.704 multiframe formatted J1 signals. Supports the
alternate CRC-6 calculation for Japanese applications.
• Provides Red, Yellow, and AIS alarm integration.
• Supports RAI-CI and AIS-CI alarm detection and generation.
• Non-intrusive performance monitoring provided by the TEMAP-84 also
provides an HDLC interface with 128 bytes of buffering for terminating the
facility data link in either the ingress or egress paths, as selected on a pertributary basis.
• Provides Inband Loopback Code detection.
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• Provides performance monitoring counters sufficiently large as to allow
performance monitor counter polling at a minimum rate of once per second.
Optionally, updates the performance monitoring counters and interrupts the
microprocessor once per second.
• An unframed pseudo-random sequence user selectable from 27 –1, 211 –1, 215 –
1 or 220 –1, may be detected in the T1 stream in either the ingress or egress
directions. The detector counts pattern errors using a 16-bit non-saturating PRBS
error counter.
• Line side interface is either from the DS3 interface via the M13 multiplex or from
the SONET/SDH Drop bus via the VT1.5, TU-11, VT2 or TU-12 demapper.
• Frames in the presence of and detects the “Japanese Yellow” alarm.
Each one of 63 E1 performance monitor sections:
• Provides non-intrusive performance monitoring of either ingress or egress paths,
as selected on a per-tributary basis.
• Frames to ITU-T G.704 basic and CRC-4 multiframe formatted E1 signals. The
framing procedures are consistent ITU-T G.706 specifications.
• Non-intrusive performance monitoring provided by the TEMAP-84 also
provides an HDLC interface with 128 bytes of buffering for terminating the
facility data link in either the ingress or egress paths, as selected on a pertributary basis.
• Provides performance monitoring counters sufficiently large as to allow
performance monitor counter polling at a minimum rate of once per second.
Optionally, updates the performance monitoring counters and interrupts the
microprocessor once per second.
• An unframed pseudo-random sequence user selectable from 27 –1, 211 –1, 215 –
1 or 220 –1, may be detected in the E1 stream in either the ingress or egress
directions. The detector counts pattern errors using a 16-bit non-saturating PRBS
error counter.
Each one of 84 transmit tributaries:
• May be timed to its associated receive clock (loop timing) or may derive its timing
from a common egress clock or a common transmit clock; the transmit line clock
may be synthesized from an N*8 kHz reference.
• Provides a digital phase locked loop for generation of a low jitter transmit clock.
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• Provides a FIFO buffer for jitter attenuation in the transmitter.
Each one of three SONET/SDH Tributary Path Processing Sections:
• Interfaces with a byte wide Telecom Add/Drop bus, interfacing directly with the
PM5362 TUPP-PLUS and PM5342 SPECTRA-155 at 19.44 MHz.
• Seamlessly interfaces with a 77.76 MHz Drop bus. Interfaces to a 77.76 MHz
Add bus with minimal external logic.
• Compensates for pleisiochronous relationships between incoming and outgoing
higher level (STS-1, AU4, AU3) synchronous payload envelope frame rates
through processing of the lower level tributary pointers.
• Optionally frames to the H4 byte in the path overhead to determine tributary
multi-frame boundaries and generates change of loss-of-frame status interrupts.
• Detects loss of pointer (LOP) and re-acquisition for each tributary and optionally
generates interrupts.
• Detects tributary path alarm indication signal (AIS) and return to normal state for
each tributary and optionally generates interrupts
• Detects tributary elastic store underflow and overflow and optionally generates
interrupts.
• Provides individual tributary path signal label register that hold the expected label
and detects tributary path signal label mismatch alarms (PSLM) and return to
matched state for each tributary and optionally generates interrupts.
• Detects tributary path signal label unstable alarms (PSLU) and return to stable
state for each tributary and optionally generates interrupts.
• Detects assertion and removal of tributary extended remote defect indications
(RDI) for each tributary and optionally generates interrupts.
• Calculates and compares the tributary path BIP-2 error detection code for each
tributary and configurable to accumulate the BIP-2 errors on block or bit basis in
internal registers.
• Allows insertion of all-zeros or all-ones tributary idle code with unequipped
indication and valid pointer into any tributary under software control.
• Allows software to force the AIS insertion on a per tributary basis.
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL5
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• Inserts valid H4 byte and all-zeros fixed stuff bytes. Remaining path overhead
bytes (J1, B3, C2,G1, F2, Z3, Z4, Z5) are set to all-zeros.
• Inserts valid pointers and all-zeros transport overhead bytes on the outgoing
Telecom Add bus, with valid control signals.
• Support in-band error reporting by updating the FEBE, RDI and auxiliary RDI bits
in the V5 byte with the status of the incoming stream and remote alarm pins.
• Calculates and inserts the tributary path BIP-2 error detection code for each
tributary.
Each one of three SONET/SDH VT/TU Mapper Sections:
• Inserts up to 28 bit asynchronous mapped VT1.5 virtual tributaries into an STS-1
SPE from T1 streams.
• Inserts up to 28 bit asynchronous mapped TU-11 tributary units into a STM1/VC4 TUG3 or STM-1/VC3 from T1 streams.
• Inserts up to 28 byte synchronous mapped VT1.5 virtual tributaries into an STS-1
SPE or TU-11 tributary units into an STM-1/VC3 or TUG3 from a STM-1/VC4.
• Inserts up to 21 bit asynchronous mapped VT2 virtual tributaries into an STS-1
SPE from E1 streams.
• Inserts up to 21 bit asynchronous mapped TU-12 tributary units into an STM1/VC4 TUG3 or STM-1/VC3 from E1 or T1 streams.
• Processes the tributary trace message (J2) of the tributaries carried in each
STS-1/TUG-3 synchronous payload envelope.
• Bit asynchronous mapping assigns stuff control bits for all streams independently
using an all digital control loop. Stuff control bits are dithered to produce
fractional mapping jitter at the receiving desynchronizer.
• Sets all fixed stuff bits for asynchronous mappings to zeros or ones per
microprocessor control
• Extracts up to 28 bit asynchronous mapped VT1.5 virtual tributaries from an
STS-1 SPE into T1 streams via an optional elastic store.
• Extracts up to 28 bit asynchronous mapped TU-11 tributary units from an STM1/VC4 TUG3 or STM-1/VC3 into T1 streams via an optional elastic store.
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL6
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• Extracts up to 21 bit asynchronous mapped VT2 virtual tributaries from an STS-1
SPE into E1 streams via an optional elastic store.
• Extracts up to 21 bit asynchronous mapped TU-12 tributary units from an STM1/VC4 TUG3 or STM-1/VC3 into E1 or T1 streams via an optional elastic store.
• Demapper ignores all transport overhead bytes, path overhead bytes and stuff
(R) bits
• Performs majority vote C-bit decoding to detect stuff requests.
Each one of three SONET/SDH DS3 Mapper Sections:
• Maps a DS3 stream into an STS-1 SPE (AU3).
• Sets all fixed stuff (R) bits to zeros or ones per microprocessor control
• Extracts a DS3 stream from an STS-1 SPE (AU3).
• Demapper ignores all transport overhead bytes, path overhead bytes and stuff
(R) bits
• Performs majority vote C-bit decoding to detect stuff requests
• Complies with DS3 to STS-1 asynchronous mapping standards
Each one of three DS3 Receiver Sections:
• Frames to a DS3 signal with a maximum average reframe time of less than 1.5
ms (as required by TR-TSY-000009 Section 4.1.2 and TR-TSY-000191 Section
5.2).
• Decodes a B3ZS-encoded signal and indicates line code violations. The
definition of line code violation is software selectable.
• Provides indication of M-frame boundaries from which M-subframe boundaries
and overhead bit positions in the DS3 stream can be determined by external
processing.
• Detects the DS3 alarm indication signal (AIS) and idle signal. Detection
algorithms operate correctly in the presence of a 10-3 bit error rate.
• Detection times of 2.23 ms and 13.5 ms are supported. The fast detection time
meets the requirement of TR-TSY-000191 Section 5. The longer detection time
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL7
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meets the ANSI T1M1.3 Section 7.1.2.4 requirement that AIS be detected in less
than 100 ms and is intended for non-BOC (Bell Operating Company)
applications.
• Extracts valid X-bits and indicates far end receive failure (FERF). The far end
receive failure status only changes if the two X-bits are the same. The status is
buffered for two M-frames, ensuring a better than 99.99% chance of freezing the
correct status for the duration of the out of frame occurrence.
• Accumulates up to 65,535 line code violation (LCV) events per second, 65,535
P-bit parity error events per second, 1023 F-bit or M-bit (framing bit) events per
second, 65,535 excessive zero (EXZ) events per second, and when enabled for
C-bit parity mode operation, up to 16,383 C-bit parity error events per second,
and 16,383 far end block error (FEBE) events per second (note that, over a one
second interval, only 9399 P-bit errors, C-bit parity errors, or FEBE events can
occur).
• Detects and validates bit-oriented codes in the C-bit parity far end alarm and
control channel.
• Terminates the C-bit parity path maintenance data link with an integral HDLC
receiver having a 128-byte deep FIFO buffer with programmable interrupt
threshold. Supports polled or interrupt-driven operation. Selectable none, one or
two address match detection on first byte of received packet.
• Programmable pseudo-random test-sequence detection–(up to 2
32
-1 bit length
patterns conforming to ITU-T O.151 standards) and analysis features.
Each one of three DS3 Transmit Sections:
• Provides the overhead bit insertion for a DS3 stream.
• Provides a bit serial clock and data interface, and allows the M-frame boundary
and/or the overhead bit positions to be located via an external interface
• Provides B3ZS encoding.
• Generates an B3ZS encoded 100… repeating pattern to aid in pulse mask
testing.
• Inserts far end receive failure (FERF), the DS3 alarm indication signal (AIS) and
the idle signal when enabled by internal register bits.
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• Provides optional automatic insertion of far end receive failure (FERF) on
detection of loss of signal (LOS), out of frame (OOF), alarm indication signal
(AIS) or red alarm condition.
• Provides diagnostic features to allow the generation of line code violation error
events, parity error events, framing bit error events, and when enabled for the Cbit parity application, C-bit parity error events, and far end block error (FEBE)
events.
• Supports insertion of bit-oriented codes in the C-bit parity far end alarm and
control channel.
• Optionally inserts the C-bit parity path maintenance data link with an integral
HDLC transmitter. Supports polled and interrupt-driven operation.
• Provides programmable pseudo-random test sequence generation (up to 232-1
bit length sequences conforming to ITU-T O.151 standards) or any repeating
pattern up to 32 bits. The test pattern can be framed or unframed. Diagnostic
abilities include single bit error insertion or error insertion at bit error rates
ranging from 10-1 to 10-7.
M23 Multiplexer Section:
• Multiplexes 7 DS2 bit streams into a single M23 format DS3 bit stream.
• Performs required bit stuffing/destuffing including generation and interpretation of
C-bits.
• Includes required FIFO buffers for rate adaptation in the multiplex path.
• Allows insertion and detection of per DS2 payload loopback requests encoded in
the C-bits to be activated under microprocessor control.
• Internally generates a DS2 clock for use in integrated M13 or C-bit parity
multiplex applications. Alternatively accepts external DS2 clock reference.
• Allows per DS2 alarm indication signal (AIS) to be activated or cleared for either
direction under microprocessor control.
• Allows DS2 alarm indication signal (AIS) to be activated or cleared in the
demultiplex direction automatically upon loss of DS3 frame alignment or signal.
• Supports C-bit parity DS3 format.
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DS2 Framer Section:
• Frames to a DS2 (ANSI T1.107 section 8) signal with a maximum average
reframe time of less than 7 ms (as required by TR-TSY-000009 Section 4.1.2
and TR-TSY-000191 Section 5.2).
• Detects the DS2 alarm indication signal (AIS) in 9.9 ms in the presence of a 10
bit error rate.
• Extracts the DS2 X-bit remote alarm indication (RAI) bit and indicates far end
receive failure (FERF). The far end receive failure status only changes when the
associated bit has been in the same state for two consecutive frames. The
status is buffered for six M-frames, ensuring a better than 99.9% chance of
freezing the correct status for the duration of the out of frame occurrence.
• Accumulates up to 255 DS2 M-bit or F-bit error events per second.
DS2 Transmitter Section:
• Generates the required X, F, and M bits into the transmitted DS2 bit stream.
Allows inversion of inserted F or M bits for diagnostic purposes.
• Provides for transmission of far end receive failure (FERF) and alarm indication
signal (AIS) under microprocessor control.
• Provides optional automatic insertion of far end receive failure (FERF) on
detection of out of frame (OOF), alarm indication signal (AIS) or red alarm
condition.
-3
M12 Multiplexer Section:
• Multiplexes four DS1 or three 2048 kbit/s (according to ITU-T Rec. G.747) bit
streams into a single M12 format DS2 bit stream.
• Performs required bit stuffing including generation and interpretation of C-bits.
• Includes required FIFO buffers for rate adaptation in the multiplex path.
• Performs required inversion of second and fourth multiplexed DS1 streams as
required by ANSI T1.107 Section 7.2.
• Allows insertion and detection of per DS1 payload loopback requests encoded in
the C-bits to be activated under microprocessor control.
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• Allows per tributary alarm indication signal (AIS) to be activated or cleared for
either direction under microprocessor control.
• Allows automatic tributary AIS to be activated upon DS2 out of frame.
Each one of three E3 Framer Sections:
• Frames to G.751 and G.832 E3 unchannelized data streams.
• For G.832, terminates the Trail Trace and either the Network Requirement or the
General Purpose data link.
Each one of three E3 Transmit Sections:
• Provides frame insertion for the G.751 or G.832 E3 applications, alarm insertion,
and diagnostic features.
• For G.832, the Trail Trace is inserted, and an integral HDLC transmitter is
provided to insert either the Network Requirement or the General Purpose data
link.
Scaleable Bandwidth Interconnect (SBI) Bus:
• Provides a high density byte serial interconnect for all framed and unframed
TEMAP-84 links. Utilizes an Add/Drop configuration to asynchronously mutliplex
up to 84 T1s, 63 E1s, 3 E3s or 3 DS3s, with multiple payload or link layer
processors.
• Operates at either 19.44 MHz or 77.76 MHz.
• External devices can access unframed DS3, framed unchannelized DS3,
unframed E3, framed unchannelized E3, unframed (clear channel) T1s, framed
T1s (byte synchronous mapping only), unframed (clear channel) E1s, framed
E1s (byte synchronous mapping only), arbitrary rate clear channel data stream
(eg. fractional DS3), transparent virtual tributaries or transparent tributary units
over this interface.
• Up to three arbitrary rate data streams inserted into and extracted from the SBI
via bit serial ports.
• Transparent VT/TU access can be selected only when tributaries are mapped
into SONET/SDH.
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• Transmit timing is mastered either by the TEMAP-84 or a layer 2 device
connecting to the SBI bus. Timing mastership is selectable on a per tributary
basis, where a tributary is either an individual T1, E1, E3 or a DS3.
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2 APPLICATIONS
• SONET/SDH Add Drop Multiplexers
• SONET/SDH Terminal Multiplexers
• M23 Based M13 Multiplexer
• C-Bit Parity Based M13 Multiplexer
• Channelized and Unchannelized DS3 Frame Relay Interfaces
• Optical Access Equipment
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3 REFERENCES
• American National Standard for Telecommunications - Digital Hierarchy Synchronous DS3 Format Specifications, ANSI T1.103-1993
• American National Standard for Telecommunications – ANSI T1.105 –
“Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) – Basic Description Including Multiplex
Structure, Rates, and Formats,” October 27, 1995.
• American National Standard for Telecommunications – ANSI T1.105.02 –
“Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) – Payload Mappings,” October 27,
1995.
• American National Standard for Telecommunications - Digital Hierarchy Formats Specification, ANSI T1.107-1995
• American National Standard for Telecommunications - Digital Hierarchy - Layer 1
In-Service Digital Transmission Performance Monitoring, ANSI T1.231-1997
• American National Standard for Telecommunications - Carrier to Customer
Installation - DS-1 Metallic Interface Specification, ANSI T1.403-1995
• American National Standard for Telecommunications - Customer Installation–toNetwork - DS3 Metallic Interface Specification, ANSI T1.404-1994
• American National Standard for Telecommunications - Integrated Services Digital
Network (ISDN) Primary Rate- Customer Installation Metallic Interfaces Layer 1
Specification, ANSI T1.408-1990
• Bell Communications Research, TR–TSY-000009 - Asynchronous Digital
Multiplexes Requirements and Objectives, Issue 1, May 1986
• Bell Communications Research - DS-1 Rate Digital Service Monitoring Unit
Functional Specification, TA-TSY-000147, Issue 1, October, 1987
• Bell Communications Research - Alarm Indication Signal Requirements and
Objectives, TR-TSY-000191 Issue 1, May 1986
• Bell Communications Research - Wideband and Broadband Digital CrossConnect Systems Generic Criteria, TR-NWT-000233, Issue 3, November 1993
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• Bell Communications Research – Digital Interface Between The SLC96 Digital
Loop Carrier System And A Local Digital Switch, TR-TSY-000008, Issue 2,
August 1987
• Bellcore GR-253-CORE – “SONET Transport Systems: Common Criteria,” Issue
2, Revision 1, December 1997.
• Bell Communications Research - Integrated Digital Loop Carrier Generic
Requirements, Objectives, and Interface, TR-NWT-000303, Issue 2, December,
1992
• Bell Communications Research - Transport Systems Generic Requirements
(TSGR): Common Requirement, TR-TSY-000499, Issue 5, December, 1993
• Bell Communications Research - OTGR: Network Maintenance Transport
Surveillance - Generic Digital Transmission Surveillance, TR-TSY-000820,
Section 5.1, Issue 1, June 1990
• AT&T - Requirements For Interfacing Digital Terminal Equipment To Services
Employing The Extended Superframe Format, TR 54016, September, 1989.
• AT&T - Accunet T1.5 - Service Description and Interface Specification, TR 62411,
December, 1990
• ITU Study Group XVIII – Report R 105, Geneva, 9-19 June 1992
• ETSI - ETS 300 233 - Access Digital Section for ISDN Primary Rates, May 1994
• ETSI - ETS 300 324-1 - Signaling Protocols and Switching (SPS); V interfaces at
the Digital Local Exchange (LE) V5.1 Interface for the Support of Access
Network (AN) Part 1: V5.1 Interface Specification, February, 1994.
• ETSI - ETS 300 347-1 - Signaling Protocols and Switching (SPS); V Interfaces at
the Digital Local Exchange (LE) V5.2 Interface for the Support of Access
Network (AN) Part 1: V5.2 Interface Specification, September 1994.
• ETSI ETS 300 417-1-1 – “Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Generic
Functional Requirements for Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) equipment;
Part 1-1: Generic processes and performance,” January, 1996.
• ETSI, Generic Functional Requirements for Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
Equipment, Jan 1996
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• ITU-T - Recommendation G.704 - Synchronous Frame Structures Used at
Primary Hierarchical Levels, July 1995.
• ITU-T - Recommendation G.706 - Frame Alignment and CRC Procedures
Relating to G.704 Frame Structures, 1991.
• ITU-T Recommendation G.707 – Network Node Interface for the Synchronous
Digital Hierarchy, 1996
• ITU-T Recommendation G.747 – Second Order Digital Multiplex Equipment
Operating at 6312 kbit/s and Multiplexing Three Tributaries at 2048 kbit/s, 1988
• ITU-T Recommendation G.751, - CCITT Blue Book Fasc. III.4, "Digital Multiplex
Equipments Operating at the Third Order Bit Rate of 34,368 kbit/s and the Fourth
Order Bit Rate of 139,264 kbit/s and Using Positive Justification”, 1988
• ITU-T Recommendation G.775, - Loss of Signal (LOS) and Alarm Indication
Signal (AIS) Defect Detection and Clearance Criteria, 11/94
• ITU-T Recommendation G.783 – Characteristics of Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy (SDH) Equipment Functional Blocks, April, 1997.
• ITU-T Recommendation G.823, - The Control of Jitter and Wander within Digital
Networks which are Based on the 2048 kbit/s Hierarchy, 03/94
• ITU-T Recommendation G.832 - "Transport of SDH Elements on PDH Networks:
Frame and Multiplexing Structures", 1993.
• ITU-T Recommendation G.964, - V-Interfaces at the Digital Local Ex–hange (LE)
- V5.1 Interface (Based on 2048 kbit/s) for the Support of Access Network (AN),
June 1994.
• ITU-T Recommendation G.965, - V-Interfaces at the Digital Local Ex–hange (LE)
- V5.2 Interface (Based on 2048 kbit/s) for the Support of Access Network (AN),
March –995.