Section 0
Foreword
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
0-1
Pilot Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Registration: ____________________________
Serial No.: ____________________________
Signature: ____________________________
Authority: EASA
Stamp: ____________________________
Date of Approval: ____________________________
The airplane must be operated in compliance with
information and limitations contained herein.
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 0
Foreword
0-2
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
Section
Contents
0
Foreword
1
General
2
Limitations
3
Emergency Procedures
4
Normal Procedures
5
Performance Data
6
Weight and Balance
7
Airplane Description
8
Handling, Servicing and Maintenance
9
Supplements
0.1 Table of Contents
0.2 Notes
Special statements in the Airplane Flight Manual concerning the safety or
operation of the airplane are highlighted by being prefixed by one of the
following terms:
WARNING! Means that the non-observance of the corresponding
procedures lead to an immediate or significant degradation in flight safety.
CAUTION! Means that the non-observance of the corresponding
procedures leads to a minor or to a long term degradation of the flight
safety
Note: Draws the attention to any special item not directly
related to safety but which is important or unusual.
Section 0
Foreword
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
0-3
Rev.
Description
Reason for
revision
Affected
pages
Authority
A00
First Issue
/
ALL
EASA
A01
1st Revision
Pre-TC Updates
ALL
EASA
A02
2nd Revision
Pre-TC Updates
ALL
EASA
Page
Revision
Page
Revision
Page
Revision
0 - 1
A02
1 - 1
A02
2 - 1
A02
0 - 2
A02
1 - 2
A02
2 - 2
A02
0 - 3
A02
1 - 3
A02
2 - 3
A02
0 - 4
A02
1 - 4
A02
2 - 4
A02
0 - 5
A02
1 - 5
A02
2 - 5
A02
0 - 6
A02
1 - 6
A02
2 - 6
A02
1 - 7
A02
2 - 7
A02
1 - 8
A02
2 - 8
A02
1 - 9
A02
2 - 9
A02
1 – 10
A02
2 - 10
A02
1 - 11
A02
2 – 11
A02
2 – 12
A02
0.3 Index of Revisions
0.4 List of Effective Pages
Any revision of the present manual, except actual weighing data, must be
recorded in the table and in case of approved sections endorsed by the
Agency.
A black vertical line in the left hand margin and the revision no. will indicate
the new or amended text in the revision.
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 0
Foreword
0-4
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
Page
Revision
Page
Revision
Page
Revision
2 - 13
A02
3 - 1
A02
4 - 1
A02
2 - 14
A02
3 - 2
A02
4 - 2
A02
2 - 15
A02
3 - 3
A02
4 - 3
A02
2 - 16
A02
3 - 4
A02
4 - 4
A02
2 - 17
A02
3 - 5
A02
4 - 5
A02
2 - 18
A02
3 - 6
A02
4 - 6
A02
3 - 7
A02
4 - 7
A02
3 - 8
A02
4 - 8
A02
3 - 9
A02
4 - 9
A02
3 - 10
A02
4 - 10
A02
3 - 11
A02
4 - 11
A02
3 - 12
A02
4 - 12
A02
3 - 13
A02
4 - 13
A02
3 - 14
A02
4 - 14
A02
3 - 15
A02
4 - 15
A02
3 - 16
A02
4 - 16
A02
3 - 17
A02
4 - 17
A02
3 - 18
A02
4 - 18
A02
3 - 19
A02
4 - 19
A02
3 - 20
A02
4 - 20
A02
3 - 21
A02
3 - 22
A02
3 - 23
A02
3 - 24
A02
3 - 25
A02
3 -26
A02
3 - 27
A02
Section 0
Foreword
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
0-5
Page
Revision
Page
Revision
Page
Revision
5 - 1
A02
6 - 1
A02
7 - 1
A02
5 - 2
A02
6 - 2
A02
7 - 2
A02
5 - 3
A02
6 - 3
A02
7 - 3
A02
5 - 4
A02
6 - 4
A02
7 - 4
A02
5 - 5
A02
6 - 5
A02
7 - 5
A02
5 - 6
A02
6 - 6
A02
7 - 6
A02
5 - 7
A02
6 - 7
A02
7 - 7
A02
5 - 8
A02
6 - 8
A02
7 - 8
A02
5 - 9
A02
6 – 9
A02
7 - 9
A02
5 - 10
A02
7 - 10
A02
5 - 11
A02
7 - 11
A02
5 - 12
A02
7 - 12
A02
5 - 13
A02
7 - 13
A02
5 - 14
A02
7 - 14
A02
5 - 15
A02
7 - 15
A02
5 - 16
A02
7 - 16
A02
7 - 17
A02
7 - 18
A02
7 - 19
A02
7 - 20
A02
7 - 21
A02
7 - 22
A02
7 - 23
A02
7 - 24
A02
7 - 25
A02
7 -26
A02
7- 27
A02
7 - 28
A02
7 - 29
A02
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 0
Foreword
0-6
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
Page
Revision
Page
Revision
Page
Revision
7 – 30
A02
8 - 1
A02
9 - 1
A02
7 – 31
A02
8 - 2
A02
9 - 2
A02
7 – 32
A02
8 - 3
A02 7 – 33
A02
8 - 4
A02 7 – 34
A02
8 - 5
A02
9-S1 - 1
A02
7 – 35
A02
8 - 6
A02
9-S1 - 2
A02
7 – 36
A02
8 - 7
A02
9-S1 - 3
A02
7 – 37
A02
8 - 8
A02
9-S1 - 4
A02
7 – 38
A02
8 - 9
A02
9-S1 - 5
A02
7 – 39
A02
8 - 10
A02
9-S1 - 6
A02
7 – 40
A02
8 - 11
A02
9-S1 - 7
A02
7 – 41
A02
8 - 12
A02 7 – 42
A02
8 - 13
A02
7 – 43
A02
8 - 14
A02
9-S2 - 1
A02
7 – 44
A02
8 - 15
A02
9-S2 - 2
A02
7 – 45
A02
8 - 16
A02
9-S2 - 3
A02
7 – 46
A02
9-S2 - 4
A02
7 – 47
A02
7 – 48
A02
7 – 49
A02
Section 0
Foreword
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
0-7
3 - 1
A02
4 - 1
A02
5 - 1
A02
3 - 2
A02
4 - 2
A02
5 - 2
A02
3 - 3
A02
4 - 3
A02
5 - 3
A02
3 - 4
A02
4 - 4
A02
5 - 4
A02
3 - 5
A02
4 - 4
A02
5 - 5
A02
3 - 6
A02
4 - 6
A02
5 - 6
A02
3 - 7
A02
4 - 7
A02
5 - 7
A02
3 - 8
A02
4 - 8
A02
5 - 8
A02
3 - 9
A02
4 - 9
A02
5 - 9
A02
3 - 10
A02
4 - 10
A02
5 - 10
A02
3 - 11
A02
3 - 12
A02
3 - 13
A02
3 - 14
A02
3 - 15
A02
3 - 16
A02
3 - 17
A02
3 - 18
A02
3 - 19
A02
3 - 20
A02
3 - 21
A02
3 - 22
A02
3 - 23
A02
3 - 24
A02
3 - 25
A02
3 -26
A02
3 - 27
A02
Section 1
General
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
1-1
Section 1
General
Table of Contents
1.1 Introduction ................................................................. 2
1.2 Description .................................................................. 2
1.3 Certification Basis ....................................................... 3
1.4 Three View Drawing .................................................... 3
1.5 Dimensions and Weights ............................................ 4
1.6 Systems ...................................................................... 5
1.6.1 Powerplant ................................................................. 5
1.6.2 Propeller ..................................................................... 5
1.6.3 Fuel System ............................................................... 5
1.6.4 Landing Gear ............................................................. 6
1.6.5 Ballistic Parachute Rescue System (BPRS) ............... 6
1.7 Symbols, Abbreviations and Terminology ................... 7
1.8 Conversion Table ...................................................... 11
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 1
General
1-2
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
1.1 Introduction
This section contains information of general interest to pilots and owners.
You will find the information useful in acquainting yourself with the airplane,
as well as in loading, fueling, sheltering, and handling the airplane during
ground operations. Additionally, this section contains definitions or
explanations of symbols, abbreviations, and terminology used throughout
this handbook.
1.2 Description
The Virus SW 121 is a two-seat aircraft of composite construction. The
aircraft is arranged as a high wing mono-plane with cantilevered wings and
a conventional empennage with a T-tail. The aircraft has a tricycle landing
gear. It is equipped with a 73,5 kW Rotax 912 S3.
The seats are side-by side with full dual flight controls and joint levers for
throttle, choke, propeller, flaps and airbrake control. Access to cockpit is via
two large gull-wing doors. Baggage area is behind the seats and accessible
via a dedicated baggage door on the left-hand side of the fuselage. The
VIRUS SW 121 is equipped with a ballistic parachute system.
The load-bearing structure of the airplane is made of carbon, glass and
aramid fiber composite material, the components of which, epoxy resin as
well as fiber materials, are in compliance with worldwide accepted aviation
specifications. The proven low-pressure wet lay-up method from the
sailplane industry is used to build the airplane structure.
Section 1
General
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
1-3
1.3 Certification Basis
Type certification is based on EASA CS-LSA Light Sport Aircraft
Certicication Specifications. Operation of the basic version is restricted to
VFR-day and a maximum takeoff weight of 600 kg.
1.4 Three View Drawing
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 1
General
1-4
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
Basic Dimensions
Length
6.45 m
21.15 ft
Span
10.70 m
35.6 ft
Height
2.06 m
6.75 ft
Wing
Area
9.51 m²
102.4 ft²
Span
10.71 m
35.10 ft
Mean wing chord
0.898 m
2.95 ft
Horizontal Tail
Area
1.02 m²
10.9 ft²
Span
2.18 m
7.15 ft
Vertical Tail
Area
1.24 m²
13.3 ft²
Height
1.19 m
3.90 ft
Weights
Maximum takeoff
600 kg
1323 lb
Design emty weight
349 kg
768 lb
Design useful load
251 kg
552 lb
Maximum baggage weight
25 kg
55 lb
Max. wing loading
63.07 kg/m²
12.92 lb/ft²
1.5 Dimensions and Weights
Section 1
General
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
1-5
1.6 Systems
1.6.1 Powerplant
The engine installed is Rotax 912 S3 providing 73.5 kW takeoff power. All
limits as defined by the engine manufacturer apply. The engine can be
operated with AVGAS, MOGAS or car fuel (min RON 95; EN228 Premium
or Premium plus with max. 10% Ethanol) as by Rotax specification. The
propeller is driven by a gearbox. The gearbox is equipped with the Rotax
slipper clutch.
The engine is provided with a liquid cooling system for the cylinder heads
and a ram-air cooling system for the cylinders. There is also an oil cooling
system.
1.6.2 Propeller
The airplane is equipped with a MTV-33-1-A/170-200 made by MTpropeller. It is a 2-blade hydraulically operated constant-speed propeller
with 1.70 m diameter. Construction is fiber reinforced wooden laminated
core.
1.6.3 Fuel System
The airplane uses two integral tanks located in the left and right wing, with
header tanks present downstream from the main tanks before the fuel
selector with three different positions: LEFT, RIGHT, OFF. Maximum
usable fuel quantity is 2 x 37.5 kg (2 x 50 L capacity).
The fuel system is designed as a pump system and provided with a
mechanical pump. A gascolator that removes water from the fuel system is
present and equipped with a 60 micron filter. An electrical pump is not
present.
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 1
General
1-6
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
1.6.4 Landing Gear
The airplane has as a tricycle type fixed landing gear. The nose wheel is
steerable via rudder pedals. The main wheels are equipped with hydraulic
brakes, which are operated via toe-pedals. A parking brake lever is also
present.
1.6.5 Ballistic Parachute Rescue System (BPRS)
The airplane is equipped with a ballistic deployed parachute rescue system
GRS 6/600 SD SPEEDY. The system is not accounted for in the sense of
“alternative level of safety”. It is purely considered as a true “second
chance” beyond what is required by the certification standard. The period
for repacking of the parachute is 6 years. The date of exchange is indicated
on the parachute canister.
Section 1
General
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
1-7
1.7 Symbols, Abbreviations and Terminology
General Airspeed Terminology and Symbols
KCAS Knots Calibrated Airspeed is the indicated airspeed corrected
for position and instrument error. Calibrated airspeed is equal to
true airspeed in standard atmosphere at sea level.
KIAS Knots Indicated Airspeed is the speed shown on the airspeed
indicator. The IAS values published in this handbook assume no
instrument error.
KTAS Knots True Airspeed is the airspeed expressed in knots relative to
undisturbed air which is KCAS corrected for altitude and
temperature.
VG Best Glide Speed is the speed at which the greatest flight distance
is attained per unit of altitude lost with power off.
VA Operating Maneuvering Speed is the maximum speed at which
application of full control movement will not overstress the airplane.
VFE Maximum Flap Extended Speed is the highest speed
permissible with wing flaps in a prescribed extended position.
VNO Maximum Structural Cruising Speed is the speed that should not
be exceeded except in smooth air, and then only with caution.
VNE Never Exceed Speed is the speed that may not be exceeded at
any time.
VAE Maximum Airbrakes Extended Speed is the
maximum speed at which the airbrakes may be extended.
VS Stalling Speed is minimum steady flight speed at which the aircraft
is controllable.
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 1
General
1-8
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
VSO Stalling Speed is the minimum steady flight speed at which the
aircraft is controllable in the landing configuration (100% flaps) at
the most unfavorable weight and balance.
VX Best Angle of Climb Speed is the speed at which the airplane will
obtain the highest altitude in a given horizontal distance. The best
angle-of-climb speed normally increases slightly with altitude.
VY Best Rate of Climb Speed is the speed at which the airplane will
obtain the maximum increase in altitude per unit of time. The best
rate-of-climb speed decreases slightly with altitude.
Meteorological Terminology
IMC Instrument Meteorological Conditions are meteorological
conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and
ceiling less than the minima for visual flight defined in FAR 91.155.
ISA International Standard Atmosphere (standard day) is an
atmosphere where
(1) the air is a dry perfect gas,
(2) the temperature at sea level is 15° C,
(3) the pressure at sea level is 1013.2 millibars (29.92 InHg), and
(4) the temperature gradient from sea level to the altitude at which
the temperature is -56.5° C is -0.00198° C per foot and zero above
that altitude.
MSL Mean Sea Level is the average height of the surface of the sea
for all stages of tide. In this Handbook, altitude given as MSL is
the altitude above the mean sea level. It is the altitude read from
the altimeter when the altimeter’s barometric adjustment has been
set to the altimeter setting obtained from ground meteorological
sources.
OAT Outside Air Temperature is the free air static temperature
obtained from inflight temperature indications or from ground
Section 1
General
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
1-9
meteorological sources. It is expressed in either degrees Celsius or
degrees Fahrenheit.
- Pressure Altitude is the altitude read from the altimeter when the
altimeter’s barometric adjustment has been set to 1013 mb (29.92
in.Hg) corrected for position and instrument error. In this
Handbook, altimeter instrument errors are assumed to be zero.
- Standard Temperature is the temperature that would be found at
a given pressure altitude in the standard atmosphere. It is 15° C
at sea level pressure altitude and decreases approx. 2°C for
each 1000 feet of altitude increase.
Engine Power Terminology
HP Horsepower is the power developed by the engine.
MCP Maximum Continuous Power is the maximum power that can be
used continuously.
MAP Manifold Pressure is the pressure measured in the engine’s
induction system expressed as in. Hg.
RPM Revolutions Per Minute is engine rotational speed.
Performance and Flight Planning Terminology
g One “g” is a quantity of acceleration equal to that of earth’s gravity.
- Demonstrated Crosswind Velocity is the velocity of the
crosswind component for which adequate control of the airplane
during taxi, takeoff, and landing was actually demonstrated during
certification testing.
- Service Ceiling is the maximum altitude at which the aircraft at
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 1
General
1-10
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
maximum weight has the capability of climbing at a 100 ft/min.
- Unusable Fuel is the quantity of fuel that cannot be used in flight.
- Usable Fuel is the fuel available for flight planning.
Weight and Balance Terminology
C.G. Center of Gravity is the point at which an airplane would balance if
suspended. Its distance from the reference datum is found by
dividing the total moment by the total weight of the airplane.
- Arm is the horizontal distance from the reference datum to the
center of an item’s gravity. The airplane’s arm is obtained by
adding the airplane’s individual moments and dividing the sum by
the total weight.
- Basic Empty Weight is the actual weight of the airplane including
all operating fix installed equipment of the airplane. The basic
empty weight includes the weight of unusable fuel and full oil.
MAC Mean Aerodynamic Chord is the chord drawn through the
centroid of the wing plan area.
LEMAC Leading Edge of Mean Aerodynamic Chord is the forward edge
of MAC aft of the reference datum.
- Maximum Gross Weight is the maximum permissible weight of
the airplane and its contents as listed in the aircraft specifications.
- Moment is the product of the items weight multiplied by its arm.
- Useful Load is the basic empty weight subtracted from the
maximum weight of the aircraft. It is the maximum allowable
combined weight of pilot, passengers, fuel and baggage.
- Reference Datum is an imaginary vertical plane from which all
horizontal distances are measured for balance purposes.
- Tare is the weight of all items used to hold the airplane on the
Section 1
General
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
1-11
SI
US
US
SI
1 bar
14.5037 psi
1 psi
0.0689 bar
1 mm2
0.0016 in2
1 in2
625 mm2
1 cm2
0.1550 in2
1 in2
6.4510 cm2
1 daN
2.2481 lbf
1 lbf
0.4448 daN
1 g
0.0353 oz
1 oz
28.328 g
1 hPa
0.0295 in.Hg
1 in.Hg
33.898 hPa
1 kg
2.2046 lb
1 lb
0.4536 kg/min
1 kg/min
2.2046 lb/min
1 lb.min
0.4536 kg/min
1 l
0.2641 US gal
1 US gal
3.7864 l/min
1 l
1.057 US quart
1 US quart
0.9461 l
1 l/min
0.2641 US gal/min
1 US gal.min
3.7864 l/min
1 daNm
88.4956 lbf.in
1 lbf.in
0.0113 daNm
1 daNm
7.3801 lbf.ft
1 lbf.ft
0.1355 daNm
1 m
3.2809 ft
1 ft
0.3040 m
1 mm
0.0394 in
1 in
16.393 mm
1 cm3
0.06102 in3
1 in3
16.393 cm3
1 hPa
0.0145 psi
1 psi
68.965 psi
scales for weighing. Tare includes blocks, shims, and chocks. Tare
weight must be subtracted from the associated scale reading
1.8 Conversion Table
Section 2
Limitations
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
APPROVED
2-1
Section 2
Limitations
Table of Contents
2.1 Introduction ..................................................................... 3
2.2 Airspeed Limitations ....................................................... 3
2.3 Airspeed Indicator Markings ........................................... 4
2.4 Engine Limitations .......................................................... 5
2.5 Engine Instrument Markings ........................................... 6
2.6 Weight and Center of Gravity Limits ............................... 7
2.7 Occupancy ...................................................................... 7
2.8 Fuel ................................................................................ 7
2.9 Oil/Coolant ...................................................................... 8
2.10 Flight Load Factor Limits ................................................ 8
2.11 Maneuver Limits ............................................................. 8
2.12 Altitude Limits ................................................................. 8
2.13 Temperature Limits ......................................................... 9
2.14 Minimum Flight Crew ...................................................... 9
2.15 Kinds of Operation .......................................................... 9
2.16 Operational Restrictions ................................................. 9
2.16.1 Restrictions for Aerotowing Operations ................ 10
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 2
Limitations
APPROVED
2-2
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
2.17 PFD / Autopilot Restrictions .......................................... 10
2.18 Placards........................................................................ 11
2.18.1 Placards (External) ................................................... 11
2.18.2 Placards (Engine Compartment) .............................. 13
2.18.3 Placards (Instrument Panel) ..................................... 13
2.18.4 Placards (Center Console) ....................................... 15
2.18.5 Placards (Cabin) ...................................................... 16
2.18.6 Placards (Ballistic Parachute Rescue System) ......... 18
Section 2
Limitations
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
APPROVED
2-3
Speed
KTAS
KIAS
Remarks
VNE
163
See table below
Never Exceed Speed is the speed limit
that may not be exceeded at any time.
DA (ft)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
V
NE
(KIAS)
163
158
154
149
145
140
136
132
128
123
Speed
KIAS
KCAS
Remarks
V
NO
below FL100
120
120
Maximum Structural Cruising Speed is
the speed that should not be exceeded
except in smooth air.
V
NO
above FL100
Reduced
0.5 kts for
every 1000 ft
Reduced
0.5 kts for
every 1000 ft
VA
100
100
Operating Maneuvering Speed is the
maximum speed at which full control
travel may be used.
2.1 Introduction
This section provides operating limitations, instrument markings and basic
placards necessary for the safe operation of the airplane and its standard
systems and equipment. Refer to section 9 for operating limitations for
optional equipment.
2.2 Airspeed Limitations
The indicated airspeeds are based upon the airspeed calibration using the
normal static source. When using the alternate static source, allow for the
airspeed calibration variation between normal and alternate static sources.
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 2
Limitations
APPROVED
2-4
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
VFE
81
81
Maximum Flap Extended Speed is the
highest speed permissible with wing
flaps extended at (+1) stage, 65 KIAS for
(+2) stage, 135 for (0) stage.
VAE
100
100
Maximum Airbrakes Extended Speed
is the highest speed permissible with the
airbrakes extended.
Marking
Value
Remarks
White
Arc
48 - 81
Flap Operating Range. Lower limit is the most
adverse stall speed in the landing configuration.
Upper limit is the maximum speed permissible
with flaps extended at 1st stage.
White
triangle
65, 81,
135
Flap speed limitations for (+2) stage, (+1) stage
and (0) respectively.
Green
Arc
53 - 120
Normal Operating Range. Lower limit is the
maximum weight stall at most forward C.G. in
clean configuration. Upper limit is the maximum
structural cruising speed.
Note:
Clean configuration is regarded as Flaps in
position (0). Expect stalling at 56 KIAS with Flaps
in position (-).
Yellow
Arc
120 - 163
Caution Range. Operations must be conducted
with caution and only in smooth air.
Red Line
163
Never exceed speed. Maximum speed for all
operations.
2.3 Airspeed Indicator Markings
The airspeed indicator markings are based upon the airspeed calibration
using the normal static source. Speeds are KIAS
Section 2
Limitations
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
APPROVED
2-5
2.4 Engine Limitations
Engine (Rotax 912 S3)
Maximum Power Rating ...............................73.5 kW / 5800 RPM max 5 min
Maximum Continuous Power ........................................... 69 kW / 5500 RPM
Normal RPM ...................................................................... 1750 - 5500 RPM
Maximum RPM ..............................................................................5800 RPM
Minimum Oil Pressure ........................................................................ 0.8 bar
Normal Oil Pressure .................................................................. 2.0 – 5.0 bar
Maximum Oil Pressure ...................................................................... 7.0* bar
*permissible for a short period after cold start
Minimum Oil Temperature ..................................................................... 50°C
Normal Oil Temperature ........................................................... 80°C - 110°C
Maximum Oil Temperature ...................................................................130°C
Minimum Coolant Temperature ..................................................... not limited
Maximum Coolant Temperature ........................................................... 120°C
Normal Exhaust Gas Temperature ............................................ 550 - 885°C
Maximum Exhaust Gas Temperature .................................................. 900°C
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 2
Limitations
APPROVED
2-6
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
Instrument
(Range)
Red Line
Green Arc
Yellow Arc
Red Line
Minimum
Normal
Caution
Maximum
Tachometer
(0 - 6000 RPM)
––
1750-5500
5500-5800
5800
Coolant Temp.
(50 - 130°C)
––
––
––
120° C
Exhaust Gas Temp.
(400 - 930°C)
––
550-885° C
885-900° C
900 ° C
Manifold Pressure
(0 – 35 "Hg)
––
15-29.5 InHg
––
––
Fuel Flow
(0 – 30 l/h)
––
5-25 l/h
––
––
Fuel Pressure
(0 – 0.5 bar)
––
0.15-0.4 bar
––
––
Oil Temperature
(0 - 140°C )
––
50-110° C
110-130° C
130° C
Oil Pressure
(0 - 7.8 bar)
0.8 bar
(Idle)
2.0-5.0 bar
––
7.0 bar
(Cold)
Voltmeter
(10 - 16 V)
10 V
11.8–14.4 V
14.4–14.7 V
14.7 V
Ammeter
(-40 – 40 A)
––
Green line at
20 A
––
––
2.5 Engine Instrument Markings
Section 2
Limitations
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
APPROVED
2-7
2.6 Weight and Center of Gravity Limits
Maximum takeoff weight ..................................................... 600 kg / 1323 lbs
Maximum landing weight .................................................... 600 kg / 1323 lbs
Maximum zero fuel weight .................................................. 555 kg / 1221 lbs
Design empty weight (typical) ............................................... 349 kg / 768 lbs
Design useful load ................................................................ 251 kg / 552 lbs
Most forward CG ........................................................... 25 % MAC / 267 mm
Most rearward CG ........................................................ 35 % MAC / 357 mm
Note:
The reference datum is wing’s leading edge at root.
2.7 Occupancy
Max. Occupancy .................................................... Pilot and 1 Passenger
Maximum weight / per seat ..................................................... 110 kg / 242 lb
Minimum weight solo pilot ....................................................... 54 kg / 119 lbs
Maximum baggage weight .......................................................... 25 kg / 55 lb
2.8 Fuel
Approved fuels: ............. AVGAS, MOGAS or car fuel (min RON 95; EN228
Premium or Premium plus with max. 10% Ethanol), as by Rotax specification.
Total fuel capacity ................................................................ 100 liters / 72 kg
Total fuel each tank ............................................................... 50 liters / 36 kg
Total usable fuel (all flight conditions) ................................... 99 liters / 71 kg
Maximum allowable fuel imbalance ....................................... 50 liters / 36 kg
Note:
oil/filter replacement intervals of 50 hours.
Note:
Operation with leaded fuels (including AVGAS) results in shorter
Unusable fuel is 0.5 liters per tank.
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 2
Limitations
APPROVED
2-8
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
2.9 Oil/Coolant
Approved oil ....................................................... AeroShell Oil Sport PLUS 4
(and equivalents as per
Maximum oil capacity ......................................................................... 3.5 liter
Minimum oil required ........................................................ marked on dipstick
Approved coolant ............................................ 50/50 water/antifreeze mixture
Min/max coolant quantity ...................................... marked on overflow bottle
Rotax Specification)
2.10 Flight Load Factor Limits
Up to VA ................................................................................. + 4.0 g / - 2.0 g
Up to VNE .............................................................................. + 4.0 g / - 2.0 g
Note:
fuel and oil system. Limitations from Rotax Specification apply.
Engine will not operate below 0.0 g due to design of engine’s
2.11 Maneuver Limits
This airplane is certified in the CS-LSA category and is not designed for
aerobatic operations. Only those operations incidental to normal flight are
approved. These operations include normal stalls, chandelles, lazy eights,
and turns in which the angle of bank is limited to a maximum of 60°.
2.12 Altitude Limits
Maximum takeoff altitude ......................................................... 10,000 ft MSL
Maximum operating altitude ..................................................... 18,000 ft MSL
Note:
In most countries operating rules require the use of supplemental
oxygen at specified altitudes below the maximum operating altitude.
Section 2
Limitations
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
APPROVED
2-9
2.13 Temperature Limits
The structure has been tested to + 55C. Refer to AMM chapter 4 for
approved colors and makings.
2.14 Minimum Flight Crew
The minimum flight crew is one pilot.
2.15 Kinds of Operation
The airplane is approved for VFR day operations.
Note:
The airplane must be equipped according to the Minimum Equipment List
applicable for the planed kind of operation (see Section 6).
2.16 Operational Restrictions
Flight into known icing conditions is prohibited.
No flights in heavy rainfall or blizzard conditions.
Areas with risk of thunderstorms should be avoided.
Smoking is prohibited.
Fly when outside air temperature (OAT) is below -20C.
Fly when outside air temperature (OAT) exceeds 49
Take-off with airbrakes extended.
Avoid applying more than 75% rudder deflection during cruise/climb as
this may cause a pitch-down moment.
The 12 V power outlets are not approved to supply power to flight-critical
communication or navigation devices.
No intentional spins.
AHRS and GPS is for information only and should not be used for
primary navigation as well as attitude and heading references.
C.
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 2
Limitations
APPROVED
2-10
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
2.16.1 Restrictions for Aerotowing Operations
Take-off weight to be kept below 500 kg.
Maximum weight of towed glider 600 kg. Maximum weak-link rating 300 kg.
2.17 PFD / Autopilot Restrictions
1. No autopilot operations with the PFD inoperative.
2. Flight under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) is not permitted.
In addition, the following limitations apply:
1. Autopilot operation is prohibited above 135 KIAS.
2. The autopilot must not be engaged for takeoff or landing.
3. The autopilot must be disengaged for missed approach, go-around,
and balked landing.
4. Autopilot operation is prohibited below 81 KIAS.
5. Flap deflection is limited to (0) and (-) during autopilot operations.
6. The autopilot must be disconnected in moderate or severe turbulence.
7. Minimum engage height for the autopilot is 2000 ft AGL.
8. Minimum speed with the autopilot engaged is 1.3 Vs for the given
configuration.
9. Autopilot maneuverability is limited to 30 degrees bank and +-1000
fpm.
WARNING! Autopilot may not be able to maintain all selectable
vertical speeds. Selecting a vertical speed that exceeds the aircraft’s
available performance may cause the aircraft to stall.
Section 2
Limitations
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
APPROVED
2-11
2.18 Placards
2.18.1 Placards (External)
Next to each wing fuel tank filler neck:
Next to each wing fuel tank filler neck:
Next to each door, top aft corner:
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 2
Limitations
APPROVED
2-12
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
Next to wheels:
On each main landing gear wheel fairing:
Next to door opening latches:
Section 2
Limitations
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
APPROVED
2-13
Next to fuel drain:
2.18.2 Placards (Engine Compartment)
On coolant bottle, oil bottle:
2.18.3 Placards (Instrument Panel)
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 2
Limitations
APPROVED
2-14
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
Section 2
Limitations
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
APPROVED
2-15
2.18.4 Placards (Center Console)
Next to propeller lever:
Next to choke and throttle levers:
On flap lever (2x):
Next to elevator trim switch:
Next to cabin-air control lever:
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 2
Limitations
APPROVED
2-16
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
Next to fuel level indicators:
Fuel selector:
Next to parking brake lever:
2.18.5 Placards (Cabin)
Next to microphone jacks:
Next to headphone jacks:
Section 2
Limitations
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
APPROVED
2-17
In front of control sticks (rudder pedal adjustment, 2x):
Below each door to depict door handle operation:
On upper tube in front or pilot:
On inside of luggage compartment door:
On inside and outside luggage compartment lock:
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 2
Limitations
APPROVED
2-18
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
2.18.6 Placards (Ballistic Parachute Rescue System)
On/adjecent to parachute rescue system hatch and over rocket
position:
Next to doors:
Next to rocket exhaust (bottom of fuselage):
Next to activation handle (cockpit):
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
APPROVED
3-1
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
Table of Contents
3.1 Introduction ......................................................................... 3
3.2 Airspeeds for Emergency Operations ................................. 4
3.3 Ground Emergencies .......................................................... 5
3.3.1 Engine Fire During Engine Start ................................. 5
3.3.2 Emergency Engine Shutdown On Ground .................. 5
3.3.3 Emergency Ground Egress ........................................ 5
3.4 In-Flight Emergencies ......................................................... 6
3.4.1 Engine Failure at Takeoff (Low Altitude) ..................... 6
3.4.2 Engine Failure in Flight ............................................... 7
3.4.3 Engine Start in Flight .................................................. 8
3.4.4 Engine Partial Power Loss ......................................... 9
3.4.5 Low Oil Pressure ...................................................... 11
3.4.6 Propeller Governor Failure ....................................... 12
3.5 Smoke in cockpit .............................................................. 13
3.5.1 Engine Fire in Flight ................................................. 13
3.5.2 Wing Fire in Flight .................................................... 14
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
APPROVED
3-2
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
3.5.3 Cockpit Fire in Flight ................................................. 14
3.6 Spins ................................................................................ 15
3.7 BPRS Deployment ............................................................ 17
3.8 Landing Emergencies ....................................................... 19
3.8.1 Emergency Landing without Engine Power .............. 19
3.8.2 Ditching .................................................................... 20
3.8.3 Landing without Elevator Control .............................. 20
3.8.4 Landing with a Defective Main Landing Gear Tire .... 21
3.8.5 Landing with Defective Brakes ................................. 21
3.9 PFD-Malfunction ............................................................... 22
3.10 Generator Failure ............................................................. 23
3.11 Engine Indicating System Failure...................................... 24
3.12 Communication Failure ..................................................... 24
3.13 Pitot Static Malfunction ..................................................... 24
3.13.1 Static Source Blocked .............................................. 24
3.13.2 Pitot Tube Blocked ................................................... 25
3.14 Electric Trim / Autopilot Failure ......................................... 25
3.15 Battery over-voltage.......................................................... 25
3.16 Exceeding VNE .................................................................. 26
3.17 Ice build-up ....................................................................... 26
3.18 Aerotowing ....................................................................... 27
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
APPROVED
3-3
3.1 Introduction
This section provides procedures for handling emergencies and critical
flight situations. Although emergencies caused by airplane, systems, or
engine malfunctions are extremely rare, the guidelines described in this
section should be considered and applied as necessary should an
emergency arise.
En-route emergencies caused by weather can be minimized or eliminated
by careful flight planning and good judgment when unexpected weather is
encountered.
In-flight mechanical problems will be extremely rare if proper preflight
inspections and maintenance are practiced. Always perform a thorough
walk-around preflight inspection before any flight to ensure that no damage
occurred during the previous flight or while the airplane was on the ground.
Pay special attention to any oil/fluid leaks or fuel stains that could indicate
engine problems.
Aircraft emergencies are very dynamic events. Because of this, it is
impossible to address every action a pilot might take to handle a situation.
However, four basic actions can be applied to any emergency:
Maintain Aircraft Control
Many minor aircraft emergencies turn into major ones when the pilot fails to
maintain aircraft control. Remember, do not panic and do not fixate on a
particular problem. To avoid this, even in an emergency: aviate, navigate,
and communicate, in this order. Never let anything interfere with your
control of the airplane. Never stop flying.
Analyze the Situation
Once you are able to maintain control of the aircraft, assess the situation.
Look at the engine parameters. Listen to the engine. Determine what the
airplane is telling you.
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
APPROVED
3-4
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
Take Appropriate Action
In most situations, the procedures listed in this section will either correct the
aircraft problem or allow safe recovery of the aircraft. Follow them and use
good pilot judgment.
The Ballistic Parachute Rescue System (BPRS) should be activated in the
event of a life-threatening emergency where BPRS deployment is
determined to be safer than continued flight and landing.
Land as soon as possible
Once you have handled the emergency, assess your next move. Handle
any non-critical “clean-up” items in the checklist and put the aircraft on the
ground.
3.2 Airspeeds for Emergency Operations
Maneuvering Speed: ................................................................. 100 KIAS
Best Glide (flaps +1): .................................................................. 70 KIAS
Emergency Landing (Engine-out):
Flaps 0 ........................................................................................ 63 KIAS
Flaps +1 ...................................................................................... 60 KIAS
Flaps +2 ...................................................................................... 58 KIAS
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
APPROVED
3-5
3.3 Ground Emergencies
3.3.1 Engine Fire During Engine Start
A fire during engine start may be caused by fuel igniting in the fuel
induction system. If this occurs, attempt to draw the fire back into the
engine by continuing to crank the engine.
1. Fuel Selector .................................................................................. OFF
2. Throttle lever ............................................................. FULL FORWARD
3. Starter ....................................................................................... CRANK
If flames persist, perform Emergency Engine Shutdown on Ground
and Emergency Ground Egress checklists.
3.3.2 Emergency Engine Shutdown On Ground
1. Throttle Lever ................................................................................. IDLE
2. Fuel Selector .................................................................................. OFF
3. Ignition Switch ................................................................................ OFF
4. Master Switch ................................................................................ OFF
3.3.3 Emergency Ground Egress
1. Engine .............................................................................. SHUTDOWN
2. Parking brake .................................................................................. SET
3. Seat belts .............................................................................. RELEASE
4. Airplane .......................................................................................... EXIT
WARNING!
While exiting the airplane, make sure evacuation path is clear of other
aircraft, spinning propellers, and other hazards. If the engine is left running,
set the parking brake prior to evacuating the airplane.
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
APPROVED
3-6
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
3.4 In-Flight Emergencies
3.4.1 Engine Failure at Takeoff (Low Altitude)
If the engine fails immediately after becoming airborne, abort with landing
on the the runway if possible. If altitude attained precludes a runway stop
but is not sufficient to restart the engine, lower the nose to maintain
airspeed and establish a glide attitude. In most cases, the landing should
be made straight ahead, turning only to avoid obstructions. After
establishing a glide for landing, perform as many of the checklist items as
time permits.
WARNING!
If a turn back to the runway is elected, be very careful not to stall the
airplane.
1. Best Glide or Landing Speed (as appropriate) .................. ESTABLISH
2. Fuel Selector .................................................................................. OFF
3. Ignition Switch ................................................................................ OFF
4. Flaps ............................................................................. AS REQUIRED
If time permits:
5. Throttle Lever ................................................................................. IDLE
6. Master Switch ................................................................................ OFF
7. Seat Belts ............................................................ ENSURE SECURED
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
APPROVED
3-7
3.4.2 Engine Failure in Flight
It the engine fails at altitude, pitch as necessary to establish best glide
speed. While gliding toward a suitable landing area, attempt to identity the
cause of the failure and correct it. If altitude or terrain does not permit a
safe landing, BPRS deployment may be required.
WARNING!
It engine failure is accompanied by fuel fumes in the cockpit or internal
engine damage is suspected, set fuel selector to OFF and do not attempt a
restart.
1. Best Glide Speed ............................................................... ESTABLISH
2. Fuel Selector ............................................... CHECK / SWITCH TANKS
3. Ignition Switch ............................................................... CHECK, BOTH
If engine does not start, proceed to Engine Start in Flight or Forced Landing
checklist, as required.
Best Glide Speed and Glide Ratio:
Power: Off
Propeller: Stopped
Flaps: +1
Weight: 600 kg
Best Glide Speed: 70 KIAS
Max. Glide Ratio: 15 : 1
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
APPROVED
3-8
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
3.4.3 Engine Start in Flight
The following procedures address the most common causes for engine
loss. Switching tanks and cranking will enhance starting if fuel
contamination was the cause of the failure.
Note:
Engine Start in flight may be performed during 1g flight anywhere within the
normal operating envelope of the airplane.
1. Master Switch .................................................................................. ON
2. Throttle Lever .................................................................. 10 mm OPEN
3. Fuel Selector .............................................................. SWITCH TANKS
4. Ignition Switch .............................................................................. BOTH
5. Starter (Propeller not windmilling) ......................................... ENGAGE
6. Throttle Lever ........................................................... slowly INCREASE
If engine will not start, perform Forced Landing checklist.
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
APPROVED
3-9
3.4.4 Engine Partial Power Loss
Indications of a partial power loss include fluctuating RPM, reduced or
fluctuating manifold pressure, low oil pressure, high oil temperature and a
rough-running engine. Mild engine roughness in flight may be caused by
one or more spark plugs becoming fouled. A sudden engine roughness or
misfiring is usually evidence of an ignition system malfunction.
Note:
Low or no oil pressure may be indicative of an imminent engine failure
Note:
A damaged propeller may cause extremely rough operation. If an out-ofbalance propeller is suspected, immediately shut down engine and perform
Forced Landing checklist.
If a partial engine failure permits level flight, land at a suitable airfield as
soon as possible. If conditions do not permit safe level flight, use partial
power as necessary to set up a forced landing pattern over a suitable
landing field. Always be prepared for a complete engine failure and
consider BPRS deployment if a suitable landing site is not available.
WARNING!
If there is a strong smell of fuel in the cockpit, divert to the nearest suitable
landing field. Fly a forced landing pattern and shut down the engine fuel
supply once a safe landing is assured.
The following procedure provides guidance to determine and correct some
of the conditions contributing to a rough running engine or a partial power
loss:
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
APPROVED
3-10
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
1. Fuel Selector ........................................................... SWITCH TANKS
Selecting the opposite fuel tank may resolve the problem if fuel
starvation or contamination in one tank was the problem.
2. Throttle Lever ......................................................................... SWEEP
Move the Throttle Lever through the complete range to obtain the
best operation possible.
3. Ignition Switch ......................................................... BOTH, L, then R
Cycling the ignition switch momentarily from BOTH to L and then to
R may help identify the problem. An obvious power loss in single
ignition operation indicates ignition system or spark plug trouble.
Return ignition switch to the BOTH position unless extreme
roughness dictates the use of a single ignition circuit.
4. Land ........................................................... AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
APPROVED
3-11
3.4.5 Low Oil Pressure
If low oil pressure is accompanied by a rise in oil temperature, the engine
has probably lost a significant amount of its oil and engine failure may be
imminent. Immediately reduce engine power to idle and select a suitable
forced landing field.
WARNING!
Prolonged use of high power settings after loss of oil pressure will lead to
engine mechanical damage and total engine failure, which could be
catastrophic.
Note:
Full power should only be used following a loss of oil pressure when
operating close to the ground and only for the time necessary to climb to an
altitude permitting a safe landing or analysis of the low oil pressure
indication to confirm oil pressure has actually been lost.
If low oil pressure is accompanied by normal oil temperature, it is possible
that the oil pressure sensor, gauge, or relief valve is malfunctioning. In any
case, land as soon as practical and determine cause.
1. Throttle Lever .................................................... MINIMUM REQUIRED
2. Land ............................................................ AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
APPROVED
3-12
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
3.4.6 Propeller Governor Failure
If the RPM does not respond to propeller lever movement or overspeeds,
the most likely cause is a faulty governor or an oil system malfunction. If
moving the power lever is difficult or rough, suspect a propeller lever
linkage failure and perform the Propeller Lever Linkage Failure checklist.
Propeller RPM will not increase:
1. Oil Pressure .............................................................................. CHECK
2. Land ............................................................. AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
Propeller overspeeds or will not decrease:
1. Throttle Lever ..................................... ADJUST (to keep RPM in limits)
2. Airspeed ...................................................... REDUCE to MAX 90 KIAS
3. Land ............................................................. AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
APPROVED
3-13
3.5 Smoke in cockpit
If smoke and/or fumes are detected in the cabin, check the engine
parameters for any sign of malfunction. If a fuel leak has occurred, actuation
of electrical components may cause a fire. If there is a strong smell of fuel in
the cockpit, divert to the nearest suitable landing field. Perform a Forced
Landing and shut down the fuel supply to the engine once a safe landing is
assured.
1. Temperature Selector .................................................................. COLD
2. Vent Selector ............................................................. FEET POSITION
3. Fan ................................................................................................... ON
4. Airflow Selector ........................................................................... OPEN
5. Door Windows ............................................................................ OPEN
If source of smoke and fume is firewall forward:
1. Airflow Selector ....................................................................... CLOSED
2. Fan ................................................................................................. OFF
3. Door Windows .............................................................. AS REQUIRED
4. Prepare to land as soon as possible.
If airflow is not sufficient to clear smoke or fumes from cabin:
1. Door Windows ............................................................................ OPEN
2. Cabin Doors ................... OPEN if ventilation from windows insufficient
3.5.1 Engine Fire in Flight
If an engine fire occurs during flight, do not attempt to restart the engine.
1. Fuel Selector .................................................................................. OFF
2. Airflow Selector ....................................................................... CLOSED
3. Throttle Lever ................................................................................ IDLE
4. Ignition Switch ................................................................................ OFF
5. Land ............................................................ AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
APPROVED
3-14
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
3.5.2 Wing Fire in Flight
1. NAV/STROBE Light Switch ........................................................... OFF
2. Fuel level light ................................................................................ OFF
3. If possible, side slip to keep flames away from fuel tank and cabin.
4. Land ............................................................. AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
Note:
Putting the airplane into a dive may blow out the tire. Do not exceed VNE
during the dive.
3.5.3 Cockpit Fire in Flight
It the cause of the fire is apparent and accessible, use a fire extinguisher to
extinguish flames and land as soon as possible. Opening the vents may
feed the fire, but to avoid incapacitating the crew from smoke inhalation, it
may be necessary to rid cabin of smoke or fire extinguishing.
1. Master Switch ................................................................................ OFF
2. Battery disconnect switch ............................................................. PULL
3. Heater ............................................................................................ OFF
4. Airflow selector ....................................................................... CLOSED
5. Fire Extinguisher (if available) ............................................. ACTIVATE
WARNING!
If turning off the master switches eliminated the fire situation, leave the
master switches OFF. Do not attempt to isolate the source of the fire by
checking each individual electrical component.
WARNING!
After pulling the battery disconnect switch an engine restart will no longer
be possible!
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
APPROVED
3-15
CAUTION!
When Master Switch is turned OFF, the engine will continue to run but the
power to the Electronic Flight Displays will be cut. Refer to analogue
instruments for the continuation of flight.
WARNING!
Should the fire extinguisher contain Halon gas, its operation can be toxic,
especially in a closed area. After extinguishing fire, ventilate cabin by
opening air vents and unlatching door (if required).
If airflow is not sufficient to clear smoke or fumes from cabin:
6. Cabin Doors ........................................................... PARTIALLY OPEN
Airspeed may need to be reduced to partially open door in flight.
7. When fire extinguished, VENTILATION ............... OPEN, FULL COLD
8. Avionics Switch .............................................................................. OFF
9. Green Electrical Switches .............................................................. OFF
10. Land ............................................................ AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
3.6 Spins
The airplane is not approved for spins, however it was tested for spin
recovery characteristics.
While the stall characteristics of the airplane make accidental entry into a
spin extremely unlikely, spinning is possible. Spin entry can be avoided by
using good airmanship: coordinated use of controls in turns, proper
airspeed control and never abusing the flight controls with accelerated
inputs when close to the stall.
If the controls are misapplied at the stall or abused accelerated inputs are
made to the elevator, rudder and/or ailerons, an abrupt wing drop may be
felt and a spiral or spin may be entered. In some cases it may be difficult to
determine if the aircraft has entered a spiral or the beginning of a spin.
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
APPROVED
3-16
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
In any case, spin recovery technique is classic:
Throttle IDLE.
Apply full rudder deflection in direction opposite the spin.
Lower the nose towards the ground to build speed (Stick forward).
As rotation stops, neutralize rudder.
Establish horizontal flight without exceeding g-load or airspeed
limitations.
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
APPROVED
3-17
3.7 BPRS Deployment
The Ballistic Parachute Rescue System (BPRS) should be activated in the
event of a life-threatening emergency where BPRS deployment is
determined to be safer than continued flight and landing.
WARNING!
BPRS deployment is expected to result in loss of the airframe and,
depending upon adverse external factors such as high deployment speed,
low altitude, or rough terrain may result in severe injury or death to the
occupants. Because of this, BPRS should only be activated when any other
means of handling the emergency would not protect the occupants from
serious injury.
CAUTION!
Expected impact in a fully stabilized deployment is equivalent to a drop
from approximately 3 meters.
Once it is decided to deploy BPRS, the following actions should be taken:
1. Airspeed............................................................ MINIMUM POSSIBLE
2. The maximum demonstrated deployment speed is 170 KIAS.
Reducing airspeed allows minimum parachute loads and prevents
structural overload and possible parachute failure.
3. Ignition switch (If time and altitude permit) ................................... OFF
4. Generally, a distressed airplane will be safer for its occupants if the
engine is not running.
5. Activation Handle ........................................................................ PULL
Pull the activation T-handle from its holder. Pull down/forward on
handle with both hands in a strong, steady, and continuous motion.
Maintain maximum pull force until the rocket activates.
Note:
Pull handle strongly at least 30 centimeters to make sure activation is
successful.
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
APPROVED
3-18
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
WARNING!
Rapidly pulling the activation T-handle will greatly increase the pull forces
required to activate the rocket. Use a firm and steady pulling motion.
After Deployment:
6. Fuel Selector ................................................................................ OFF
Shutting off fuel supply to engine will reduce the chances of fire
resulting from impact at touchdown.
7. Master Switch ............................................................................... OFF
8. Ignition Switch .............................................................................. OFF
9. ELT ..................................................................................... ACTIVATE
10. Seat Belts and Harnesses .................................................... TIGHTEN
All occupants must have seat belts securely fastened.
11. Loose Items ........................................................................... SECURE
If time permits, all loose items should be secured to prevent injury
from flying objects in the cabin at touchdown.
12. Assume emergency landing body position.
The emergency landing body position is assumed by placing both
hands on the lap, clasping one wrist with the opposite hand, and
holding the upper torso erect and against the seat backs.
13. After the airplane comes to a complete stop, evacuate quickly and
move upwind.
14. As occupants exit the airplane, the reduced weight may allow winds
to drag the airplane further. As a result of landing impact, the doors
may jam. If the doors cannot be opened, break out the windows
crawl through the opening.
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
APPROVED
3-19
3.8 Landing Emergencies
If all attempts to restart the engine failure and a forced landing is imminent,
select a suitable field and prepare for the landing. If flight conditions or terrain
does not permit a safe landing, BPRS deployment may be required.
A suitable field should be chosen as early as possible so that maximum time
will be available to plan and execute the forced landing. For forced landings
on unprepared surfaces, use full flaps if possible. Land on the main gear and
hold the nose wheel off the ground as long as possible. If engine power is
available, before attempting an “off airport” landing, fly over the landing area at
a low but safe altitude to inspect the terrain for obstructions and surface
conditions.
Note:
Use of full (+2) flaps will reduce glide distance. Full flaps should not be
selected until landing is assured.
3.8.1 Emergency Landing without Engine Power
1. Best Glide Speed ............................................................... ESTABLISH
2. Radio ................................................. Transmit (121.5 MHz) MAYDAY
giving location and intentions
3. Transponder ................................................................ SQUAWK 7700
4. ELT ..................................................................................... ACTIVATE
5. Throttle Lever ................................................................................. IDLE
6. Fuel Selector .................................................................................. OFF
7. Ignition Switch ................................................................................ OFF
8. Flaps (when landing is assured) ........................................................+2
9. Master Switch ................................................................................ OFF
10. Seat Belt(s) .......................................................................... SECURED
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
APPROVED
3-20
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
3.8.2 Ditching
1. Radio ................................................. Transmit (121.5 MHz) MAYDAY
giving location and intentions
2. Transponder ................................................................ SQUAWK 7700
3. BPRS ............................................................................................ PULL
4. Doors ........................................... UNLATCH before impact with water
5. Airplane .............................................................................. EVACUATE
6. Flotation Devices .................. INFLATE WHEN CLEAR OF AIRPLANE
Note:
If available, life preservers should be donned and life raft should be
prepared for immediate evacuation upon touchdown. Consider OPENING
a door prior to assuming the emergency landing body position in order
to provide a ready escape path.
It may be necessary to allow some cabin flooding to equalize pressure on
the doors. If the doors cannot be opened, break out the windows and crawl
through the opening.
3.8.3 Landing without Elevator Control
The pitch trim spring cartridge is attached directly to the elevator and
provides a backup should you lose the primary elevator control system. Set
elevator trim for a 60 KIAS approach to landing. Thereafter, do not change
the trim setting until in the landing flare. During the flare, the nose-down
moment resulting from a power reduction may cause the airplane to hit on
the nosewheel. At touchdown, bring the power lever to idle.
1. Flaps ........................................................................................ SET +2°
2. Trim .................................................................................. SET 60 KIAS
3. Power .......................................... AS REQUIRED FOR GLIDE ANGLE
The Ballistic Parachute Rescue System (BPRS) should be activated in the
event of a life-threatening emergency where BPRS deployment is
determined to be safer than continued flight and landing.
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
APPROVED
3-21
3.8.4 Landing with a Defective Main Landing Gear Tire
1. Land the airplane at the edge of the runway that is located on the side
of the intact tire, so that changes in direction during roll-out due to the
braking action of the defective tire can be corrected on the runway.
2. Land with the wing low on the side of the intact tire.
3. Direction should be maintained using the rudder. This should be
supported by use of the brake. It is possible that the brake must be
applied strongly - if necessary to the point where the wheel locks.
CAUTION!
A defective tire is not easy to detect. The damage normally occurs during
take-off or landing, and is hardly noticeable during fast taxiing. It is only
during the lower taxiing speeds that a tendency to swerve occurs.
3.8.5 Landing with Defective Brakes
1. Safety harness ...................................... Check fastened and tightened
After a safe touch-down:
2. Ignition .......................................................................................... OFF
3. Fuel Selector .................................................................................. OFF
4. Master Switch ................................................................................ OFF
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
APPROVED
3-22
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
3.9 PFD-Malfunction
In the unlikely event of a PFD failure, the pilot may lose the ability to control
the autopilot through the PFD controls. If this malfunction occurs, the PFD
circuit breakers may be pulled and the airplane flown using the reversionary
mode, where the MFD screen displays also airspeed, altitude, attitude and
compass information and/or the mechanical instruments.
Note:
The avionics system is equipped with dual ADAHRS units, which provide
pressure and attitude data to the screens. In event of PFD screen failure,
there is the reversionary mode, which will automatically display main PFD
data (airspeed, altitude, attitude, compass) on the MFD screen.
In case of ADAHRS failures:
PFD - Loss of Air Data
In the event the PFD detects a loss of air data (dual ADAHRS failure), or
data is unreliable, the affected indicator is removed from the display and
replaced with a red “X”. If loss of air data occurs, refer to the mechanical
instruments (altitude, airspeed).
PFD - Loss of Attitude Data
In the event the PFD detects a loss of attitude data (dual ADAHRS failure),
or data is unreliable, the affected indicator is removed from the display and
replaced with a red “X”.
For a more complete description of the PFD and MFD functions, refer to
Section 7.
WARNING!
When subjected to a power loss of less than 20 seconds, the PFD is
capable of performing a warm start. In this event, a “PLEASE STANDBY”
message will be displayed for 2 seconds followed by a “ATTEMPTING
QUICK RESTART” message. In the event of a power loss greater than 20
seconds, a warm start is unlikely, and the power interruption will result in
loss of attitude information until the PFD can be restarted on the ground.
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
APPROVED
3-23
3.10 Generator Failure
Steady illumination of the “GENERATOR FAIL” caution light indicates a
failure of the generator. The most likely the cause of the generator failure is
a wiring fault, a malfunctioning generator, or a malfunctioning voltage
regulator. Usually, electrical power malfunctions are accompanied by an
excessive rate of charge or a discharge rate shown on the ammeter.
If generator failure persists:
1. Switch off unnecessary equipment to reduce loads. Monitor voltage.
2. Land as soon as practical.
CAUTION!
The generator in this airplane is self-exciting. This generator requires
battery power for generator starting; however, once started, the generator
will provide self-generated field power to continue operation in case of a
battery failure. To assure generator restart power is available if the
generator fails, the battery disconnect switch should not be pulled during
flight.
Note:
If it is necessary to reduce electrical loads due to an generator malfunction,
switch off electrical components and/or systems that are not essential for
the current flight conditions rather than pulling circuit breakers. Load
shedding in this manner will prevent accidental circuit breaker
disconnection and loss of power to flight-critical systems.
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
APPROVED
3-24
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
3.11 Engine Indicating System Failure
In the event of a Data Acquisition Unit failure, the engine indications
displayed on the MFD and PFD will be disabled.
In the event of Data Acquisition Unit failure, pull and reset the EIS circuit
breaker. If the engine indicating system fails to reset, land as soon as
practical.
1. EIS Circuit Breaker .................................................................... CYCLE
2. Land as soon as practical
3.12 Communication Failure
1. Switches, Controls .................................................................... CHECK
2. Frequency .............................................................................. CHANGE
3. Circuit Breakers ........................................................................ CHECK
4. Headset ................................................................................. CHANGE
5. Transmission .......................................................................... ATTEMP
6. If unsuccessful .................................................. TRANSPONDER 7600
3.13 Pitot Static Malfunction
3.13.1 Static Source Blocked
If erroneous readings of the static source instruments (airspeed, altimeter
and vertical speed) are suspected, the information from the GPS system
should be used for situational awareness.
Note:
Referring to the GPS for flying, adjust indicated airspeed during climb or
approach. Use +10 KTS on top of standard procedure as guidance and
observe the wind situation.
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
APPROVED
3-25
3.13.2 Pitot Tube Blocked
If only the airspeed indicator is providing erroneous information, and in
icing conditions, the most probable cause is pitot ice. If setting pitot heat
ON does not correct the problem, descend into warmer air. If an approach
must be made with a blocked pitot tube, use known pitch and power
settings and the GPS groundspeed indicator, taking surface winds into
account.
1. Pitot Heat (Optional) ........................................................................ ON
2. Groundspeed indicator .......... +10 KTS for procedures, observe winds
3.14 Electric Trim / Autopilot Failure
Any failure or malfunction of the electric trim or autopilot can be overridden
by use of the control stick. If runaway trim and/or autopilot servo is the
problem, cut the circuit by pulling the circuit breaker (AP SERVO or AP
PNL or EL. TRIM) and land as soon as conditions permit.
1. Airplane Control ................... GRASP STICK, MAINTAIN MANUALLY
2. Autopilot (if engaged) ..................................................... DISENGAGE
If problem is not corrected:
3. Circuit Breakers ................................................. PULL AS REQUIRED
AP SERVO / AP PNL / EL. TRIM
4. Power Lever ................................................................ AS REQUIRED
5. Control Stick ..................................... MANUALLY HOLD PRESSURE
6. Land as soon as practical.
3.15 Battery over-voltage
With the battery in an overvoltage situation (over 14.8 V) the battery must
be disconnected from the system to prevent adverse effects.
1. Battery disconnect switch ............................................................ PULL
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
APPROVED
3-26
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
WARNING!
After pulling the battery disconnect switch an engine restart will no longer
be possible!
3.16 Exceeding V
Should the VNE be exceeded, reduce airspeed slowly and continue flying
using gentle control deflections. Land safely as soon as possible and have
the aircraft verified for airworthiness by authorized service personnel.
NE
3.17 Ice build-up
Turn back or change altitude to exit icing conditions. Consider lateral or
vertical path reversal to return to last “known good” flight conditions.
Maintain VFR flight! Set cabin heating ON. Watch for signs of icing on the
pitot tube. In case of pneumatic instrument failures, use the GPS
information to reference to approximate ground speed. Plan the landing at
the nearest airport, or a suitable off airport landing site in case of an
extremely rapid ice build-up. Increase the speed to avoid stall.
Maneuver the airplane gently and leave the flaps retracted. When ice is
built-up at the horizontal stabilizer, the change of pitching moment due to
flaps extension may result of loss of elevator control. Approach at elevated
speeds (+15 KTS, also if using the GPS as a reference).
WARNING!
Failure to act quickly may result in an unrecoverable icing encounter.
WARNING!
If control is lost, it may be necessary to deploy the Ballistic Parachute
Rescue System (BPRS).
Section 3
Emergency Procedures
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
APPROVED
3-27
3.18 Aerotowing
All emergencies related to the engine and systems performance to be
handled as per prior paragraphs, with pilot’s consideration when to
disconnect glider and/or drop the rope.
Guidelines for aerotowing eventualities:
1. Glider out of sight (not visible in mirror)
When unsure of glider’s position/behaviour, notify glider pilot, if situation
continues, disconnect rope. Land normally.
2. Engine failure
Notify glider pilot, disconnect rope. Land according to usual emergency
procedure for engine failure.
3. Rope breakes
Verify operation of all systems, land normally.
4. Rope refuses to be dropped (mechanism lock)
Plan your landing long and approach high not to cause the hanging rope to
become tangled into obstacles before the runway. After touchdown, brake
gently. Respect all normal operating speeds and procedures.
5. Glider cannot disconnect
Continue flight to be over a landable terrain and disconnect the rope by
pulling the yellow cockpit rope disconnect lever. Glider will need to land with
rope hanging from its nose. Conduct a normal landing procedure.
6. Rope refuses to disconnect with glider and towing aeroplane
Continue flight to be over a landable terrain and attempt to disconnect the
rope again, both with glider and towing aeroplane. If unsuccessful, conduct
a landing in aerotow. Respect normal landing airspeeds and conduct a
shallow approach. Allow glider to touch down first, then touch down and
brake gently.
Section 4
Normal Procedures
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
4-1
Section 4
Normal Procedures
Table of Contents
4.1 Introduction ................................................................. 3
4.2 Airspeeds for Normal Operation .................................. 3
4.3 Preflight Inspection ...................................................... 3
4.3.1 Preflight Walk-Around ................................................ 4
4.4 Starting Engine............................................................ 8
4.4.1 Before Starting Engine ............................................... 8
4.4.2 Starting Engine ........................................................... 8
4.4.3 Before Taxiing ............................................................ 9
4.4.4 Taxiing ....................................................................... 9
4.4.5 Before Takeoff .......................................................... 10
4.5 Takeoff ...................................................................... 12
4.5.1 Power Check ................................ ............................ 12
4.5.2 Flap Setting .............................................................. 12
4.5.3 Normal Takeoff ......................................................... 13
4.5.4 Short Field Takeoff ................................................... 13
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 4
Normal Procedures
4-2
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
4.6 Climbing .................................................................... 14
4.7 Cruise ........................................................................ 14
4.8 Descent/Approach ..................................................... 15
4.9 Before Landing .......................................................... 15
4.10 Landing ..................................................................... 16
4.11 Balked Landing ......................................................... 17
4.12 After Landing ............................................................. 17
4.13 Shut Down ................................................................ 18
4.14 Parking ...................................................................... 18
4.15 Soft field operations .................................................. 18
4.16 Aerotowing ................................................................ 19
Section 4
Normal Procedures
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
4-3
4.1 Introduction
This section provides amplified procedures for normal operation.
4.2 Airspeeds for Normal Operation
Unless otherwise noted, the following speeds are based on a maximum
mass of 600 kg and may be used for any lower actual mass. However, to
achieve the performance specified in Section 5 for takeoff and landing
distance, the speed correction appropriate to the particular mass must be
used.
Takeoff rotation:
Normal, flaps +1 45 KIAS
Obstacle Clearance, flaps (0) 60 KIAS
En-route climb, flaps: (0) or (-)
Normal 90 - 110 KIAS
Best rate of climb, SL 78 KIAS (VY)
Best angle of climb, SL 60 KIAS (VX)
Landing approach:
Normal approach, flaps 0 65 - 75 KIAS
Normal approach, flaps +1 63 - 70 KIAS
Normal approach, flaps +2 60 - 65 KIAS
Go-around, Flaps as practical:
Full Power 60 KIAS
Maximum demonstrated crosswind velocity:
Takeoff or landing 18 Knots
4.3 Preflight Inspection
Before carrying out preflight inspections, ensure that all required maintenance has been performed. Review your flight plan and compute weight
and balance.
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 4
Normal Procedures
4-4
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
Note:
Throughout the walk-around: check all visible hinges, hinge pins, and
bolts for security; check skin for damage, condition, and evidence of
cracks or delaminations, check all control surfaces for proper movement
and excessive free play; check area around liquid reservoirs and lines for
evidence of leaking.
In cold weather, remove all frost, ice, or snow from fuselage, wing,
stabilizers and control surfaces. Ensure that control surfaces are free of
ice or debris. Check that wheels and wheel fairings are free of snow and
ice accumulation.
4.3.1 Preflight Walk-Around
1. Cabin
1. Doors ..................................................... Unlock/Open/Close/Secure
2. Airplane rescue system handle .......................... Check pin inserted
3. Ignition switch ................................................................. check OFF
4. Green electrical switches ..................................................... All OFF
5. Required documents .......................................................... ON board
6. Battery disconnect switch ................................................ CONNECT
7. Controls ......................................................... Full, Free and Correct
8. Master switch ............................................................................... ON
9. Avionics switch ............................................................................ ON
10. Circuit breakers .............................................................................. IN
11. PFD / MFD ......................................................................... Verify ON
12. Avionics cooling fan ............................................................... Audible
13. Voltmeter....................................................................... 12 - 14 Volts
14. Lights ...................................................................... Check operation
15. Fuel quantity .......................................................................... Check
16. Fuel selector ......................................................... Select fullest tank
17. Flaps .......................................................... Check handle movement
18. Avionics switch, Master Switch .................................................. OFF
19. Circuit breakers .............................................................................. IN
Section 4
Normal Procedures
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
4-5
2. Left Fuselage
1. COM antenna (top) ................................... Condition and attachment
2. Wing / fuselage seal ................................................................. Check
3. XPDR antenna (underside) ....................... Condition and attachment
4. Baggage compartment .......................................... Baggage is secure
5. Baggage door .......................................... Closed and secure (locked)
6. Static pressure port .............................................. Check tor blockage
7. Fuel drain ............................................................................... Perform
3. Empennage
1. Tiedown rope ........................................................................ Remove
2. Horizontal and vertical stabilizers ....................................... Condition
3. Elevator and elevator U-piece .................... Condition and movement
4. Rudder ........................................................... Freedom of movement
5. Rudder trim tab ............................................... Condition and security
6. Attachment hinges, bolts, springs and pins ............................ Secure
4. Right Fuselage
1. Static pressure port .............................................. Check tor blockage
2. Fuel drain ............................................................................... Perform
3. Wing / fuselage seal ................................................................. Check
4. Door lock .................................................................................. Unlock
5. Parachute cover, strap covers ............................. Sealed and secure
5. Right Wing Trailing Edge
1. Flaperon ...................................... Condition, security and movement
2. Aileron gap seal ............................................... Security, no wrinkles
3. Hinges, bolts and safety nuts................................................. Secure
6. Right Wing Tip
1. Tip ................................................................................... Attachment
2. Strobe, NAV light and lens ............................. Condition and security
7. Right Wing Forward and Main Gear
1. Leading edge ..................................................................... Condition
2. Fuel cap .................................................. Check quantity and secure
3. Water drain holes ..................................................................... Clean
4. Pitot tube ................................................. Cover removed, tube clear
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 4
Normal Procedures
4-6
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
5. Landing gear ......................................................... General condition
6. Tire ...................................................... Condition, inflation, and wear
7. Wheel and brakes ................... Fluid leaks, evidence of overheating,
...........................................................general condition and security
8. Chocks and tiedown rings/ropes ......................................... Remove
8. Nose, Right Side
1. Cowling .............................................................. Attachments secure
2. Exhaust pipe ................................ Condition, security and clearance
3. Gascolator......................................................... Drain 1 cup, sample
4. Landing light ............................................ Attachment, security, lens
5. Engine oil ..................... Check quantity, leaks, cap and door secure
9. Nose Gear, Propeller, and Spinner
WARNING!
Keep clear of propeller rotation plane. Do not allow others to approach
propeller.
1. Strut ................................................................................... Condition
2. Landing gear ......................................................... General condition
3. Wheel and tire ...................................... Condition, inflation and wear
4. Propeller.................................... Condition (indentations, nicks, etc.)
5. Spinner ............................................ Condition, security and oil leaks
6. Air inlets, outlets .......................................................... Unobstructed
10. Nose, Left Side
1. Landing light ...................................................................... Condition
2. Cowling .............................................................. Attachments secure
11. Left Main Gear and Forward Wing
1. Landing gear ......................................................... General condition
2. Tire ....................................................... Condition, inflation and wear
3. Wheel and brakes ................... Fluid leaks, evidence of overheating,
.......................................................... General condition and security
4. Chocks and tiedown rings/ropes ......................................... Remove
5. Fuel cap .................................................. Check quantity and secure
6. Leading edge ..................................................................... Condition
Section 4
Normal Procedures
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
4-7
12. Left Wing Tip
1. Tip ................................................................................... Attachment
2. Strobe, NAV light and lens ............................. Condition and security
13. Left Wing Trailing Edge
1. Flaperon ...................................... Condition, security and movement
2. Aileron gap seal ............................................... Security, no wrinkles
3. Hinges, bolts and safety nuts................................................. Secure
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 4
Normal Procedures
4-8
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
4.4 Starting Engine
4.4.1 Before Starting Engine
1. Preflight Inspection .......................................................... Completed
2. Mass and Balance ................................................ Verity within limits
3. Fuel quantity........................................................................ Sufficient
4. Emergency Equipment ....................................................... ON board
5. Passengers ............................................................................ Briefed
6. BPRS Safety Pin ............................................................... Removed
7. Seats, Pedals, Seat Belts and Baggage net ....... Adjust and Secure
8. Parking brake ............................................................................. OFF
9. Brakes ....................................................................................... Hold
10. Master switch ............................................................................... ON
11. Avionics switch ............................................................................. ON
12. NAV/Strobe Lights ....................................................................... ON
13. Doors ................................................................... Closed and latched
CAUTION!
Pedals must be locked in position and control handles fully down
before flight. Ensure seat belt harnesses are not twisted.
4.4.2 Starting Engine
If the engine is warm, no choke is required. For the first start of the day and
in cold conditions, applying choke will be necessary.
WARNING!
If the airplane will be started using external power, keep all personnel and
power unit cables well clear of the propeller rotation plane.
1. External Power (If applicable) .............................................. Connect
2. Brakes ........................................................................................ Hold
3. Fuel Selector .................................................................. Fullest Tank
4. Master Switch........................................................ ON (Check Volts)
5. Choke .............................................................................. As required
Section 4
Normal Procedures
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
4-9
6. Propeller Area ........................................................................... Clear
7. Power Lever ................................................................. Open 10 mm
8. Oil Pressure Indication ........................................................ Available
9. Ignition Switch ............................. Start (Release after engine starts)
CAUTION!
Limit cranking to intervals of 20 seconds with a 20 second cooling period
between cranks. This will improve battery and contactor life.
10. Power Lever ....................................... maintain 2500 RPM or below
11. Oil Pressure ............................................................................ Check
12. Choke ............................................................................ Slowly close
13. Engine Parameters ................................................................ Monitor
14. External Power (It applicable) .......................................... Disconnect
15. Amp Meter/Indication .............................................................. Check
CAUTION!
After starting, if the oil gauge does not begin to show pressure within 30
seconds in warm weather and about 60 seconds in very cold weather, shut
down engine and investigate cause. Lack of oil pressure indicates loss of
lubrication, which can cause severe engine damage. In this time also
consider the time the avionics suite needs to start displaying engine
information.
4.4.3 Before Taxiing
1. Flaps .................................................................................... (-) or (0)
2. Airbrakes ........................................................................Check travel
3. Radios / Avionics ............................................................ As required
4. Cabin Heat / Defrost ....................................................... As required
5. Fuel Selector .......... SWITCH TANK (to check flow from both tanks)
4.4.4 Taxiing
When taxiing, directional control is accomplished with rudder deflection and
with the use of toe activated brakes when necessary. Use only as much
power as is necessary to achieve forward movement. Deceleration or taxi
speed control using brakes but without a reduction in power will result in
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 4
Normal Procedures
4-10
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
increased brake temperature and may in extreme cases cause fire. Taxi
over loose gravel at low engine speed to avoid damage to the propeller tips..
WARNING!
Maximum continuous engine speed for taxiing is 1800 RPM on flat,
smooth, hard surfaces. Power settings slightly above 1800 RPM are
permissible to start motion, for turf, soft surfaces, and on inclines. Use
minimum power to maintain taxi speed.
If the 1800 RPM taxi power limit and proper braking procedures are not
observed, the brake system may overheat and result in brake damage or
brake fire.
If due to soft terrain a higher RPM setting is required, please consider not
to exceed 2500 RPM before a 50C oil temperature is achieved.
1. Parking Brake................................................................... Disengage
2. Brakes ..................................................................................... Check
3. Instruments ...................................................................... Check, Set
4.4.5 Before Takeoff
During cold weather operations, the engine should be properly warmed up
before takeoff. In most cases this is accomplished when the oil temperature
has reached at least 50°C. In warm or hot weather, precautions should be
taken to avoid overheating during prolonged ground engine operation.
Additionally, long periods of idling may cause fouled spark plugs.
WARNING!
Do not takeoff with frost, ice, snow, or other contamination on the fuselage,
wing, stabilizers, and control surfaces.
1. Brakes ........................................................................................ Hold
2. Doors ..................................................................................... Latched
3. Seat Belts and Shoulder Harness .......................................... Secure
4. BPRS activation handle .................................... Verify Pin Removed
5. Airbrakes .............................................................. Closed and locked
Section 4
Normal Procedures
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
4-11
6. Seat Belts and Shoulder Harness .......................................... Secure
7. Flaps ........................................................................................... (+1)
8. Trim .................................................................................. Set neutral
9. Fuel Selector ................................................................... Fullest tank
10. Fuel Quantity ......................................................................... Confirm
11. Choke ............................................................................ Verify closed
12. Throttle Lever ....................................................................4000 RPM
13. Alternator ........................................... Check value and warning light
14. Voltage ........................................................................... Check value
15. Ignition Switch .................................. RIGHT, note RPM, then BOTH
16. Ignition Switch .....................................LEFT, note RPM, then BOTH
17. Propeller lever ..................... Cycle lever 3 times, observe RPM drop
18. Propeller lever ................................................................. Full forward
19. Throttle lever .................................................... Set to just above idle
20. NAV/Strobe Lights .......................................................... As required
21. Landing Light................................................................... As required
22. Navigation Radios/GPS .............................................. Set for takeoff
23. Autopilot ................................................................ Check disconnect
24. Annunciator (PFD) .................................................................. Check
Note:
RPM drop must not exceed 300 RPM for either ‘’magneto’’ and the
difference in drop should not exceed 150 RPM If there is doubt concerning
operation of the ignition system, RPM checks at higher engine speeds will
usually confirm whether a deficiency exists. An absence of RPM drop may
indicate faulty grounding of one side of the ignition system or magneto
timing set in advance of the specified setting..
25. Altimeter ....................................................................................... Set
26. Engine Parameters ................................................................. Check
27. Flight Controls ......................................................... Free and correct
28. Autopilot ......................................................................... Disengaged
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 4
Normal Procedures
4-12
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
4.5 Takeoff
4.5.1 Power Check
Check full-throttle engine operation early in takeoff run. The engine should
run smoothly and turn approximately 5700 RPM. All engine parameters
should read in the green. If power is not developed, abort take-off.
Note:
For takeoff over a gravel or grass surface, advance power lever slowly.
This allows the airplane to start rolling before high RPM is developed, and
gravel will be blown behind the propeller rather than pulled into it.
4.5.2 Flap Setting
Normal and short field takeoffs are accomplished with flaps set at (+1).
Takeoffs using flaps (0) are permissible, however, no performance data is
available for takeoffs in the flaps up configuration. Takeoffs with (-5) flaps
are not approved.
Soft or rough field takeoffs are performed with (+1) flaps by lifting the
airplane off the ground as soon as practical in a tail-low attitude. If no
obstacles are ahead, the airplane can be accelerated immediately to a
higher climb speed, while considering the flap limit airspeed.
Takeoffs into strong crosswinds are normally performed with the flaps set
at (+1) to minimize the drift angle immediately after takeoff. With the control
column deflected into the wind, accelerate the airplane to a speed slightly
higher than normal while decreasing the aileron deflection as speed
increases then rotate to prevent possibly settling back to the runway while
drifting. When clear of the ground, make a coordinated turn into the wind to
correct for drift.
Section 4
Normal Procedures
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
4-13
4.5.3 Normal Takeoff
1. Brakes ............................................ Release (Steer with rudder only)
2. Propeller lever ................................................................. Full forward
3. Throttle lever ................................................................... Full forward
4. Engine Parameters ................................................................. Check
5. Airspeed indication .................................................................. Check
6. Elevator Control .............................. Rotate smoothly at 45-48 KIAS
7. At 70 KIAS, Flaps ............................................................ Retract to 0
4.5.4 Short Field Takeoff
1. Flaps ........................................................................................... (+1)
2. Airbrakes .............................................................. Closed and locked
3. Brakes ....................................................................................... Hold
4. Propeller lever ................................................................. Full forward
5. Throttle Lever .................................................................. Full forward
6. Engine Parameters ................................................................. Check
7. Brakes ............................................ Release (Steer with rudder only)
8. Airspeed indication .................................................................. Check
9. Elevator Control ...................................Rotate Smoothly at 45 KIAS
10. Airspeed at Obstacle ............................................................ 60 KIAS
11. At 70 KIAS, Flaps ..........................................................Retract to (0)
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 4
Normal Procedures
4-14
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
4.6 Climbing
Normal climbs are performed flaps UP (0°) and full power at speeds 5 to 10
knots higher than best rate-of-climb speeds. These higher speeds give the
best combination of performance, visibility and engine cooling.
CAUTION!
RPM above 5500 is limited to 5 minutes!
For maximum rate of climb, use the best rate-of-climb speeds shown in the
rate-of-climb chart in Section 5. If an obstruction dictates the use of a steep
climb angle, the best angle-of-climb speed should be used. Climbs at
speeds lower than the best rate-of-climb speed should be of short duration
to avoid engine-cooling problems.
Note: V
X
: 60 KIAS [flaps (0)], VY: 78 KIAS [flaps (0)]
1. Climb Power/RPM .......................................................................... Set
2. Flaps ................................................................................ Verify UP (0)
3. Engine Parameters .................................................................... Check
4. Switch to other Wing Fuel Tank ......................................Every 30 min
CAUTION!
Avoid prolonged use of more than 75% rudder deflection as this may result
in a pitch-down moment. Should this occur, first neutralize rudder to
recover.
4.7 Cruise
Normal cruising is performed between 55% and 75% power. The engine
power setting and corresponding fuel consumption for various altitudes and
temperatures can be determined by using the cruise data in Section 5.
1. Flaps ............................................................................ Negative (-5)
2. Cruise Power............................................................................... SET
3. Engine Parameters ................................................................. Check
Section 4
Normal Procedures
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
4-15
WARNING!
The fuel tanks must be changed every 30 min. Otherwise the airplane
may roll into the direction of the fuller fuel tank.
WARNING!
Always grasp stick firmly before disengaging the autopilot to prevent advert
effects of improperly set elevator trim.
CAUTION!
Avoid prolonged use of more than 75% rudder deflection as this may result
in a pitch-down moment. Should this occur, first neutralize rudder to
recover.
Note:
It is recommended to use Flaps (-5) above 100 KIAS and Flaps (0) below
100 KIAS.
4.8 Descent/Approach
1. Altimeter.......................................................................................... Set
2. Autopilot .............................................................................. Disengage
3. Cabin Heat/Defrost ............................................................ As required
4. Landing Light .................................................................................. ON
5. Fuel System ............................................................................... Check
6. Parking brake .................................................................... Disengaged
7. Brake pressure .................................................. Check (pump pedals)
4.9 Before Landing
1. Seat Belt and Shoulder Harness .............................................. Secure
2. Flaps .................................................................................. As required
3. Airbrakes............................................................................ As required
4. Autopilot .............................................................................. Disengage
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 4
Normal Procedures
4-16
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
4.10 Landing
CAUTION!
Landings should be made with full flaps and airbrakes fixed in ½ extended
position. Glideslope should be controlled with throttle. Landings with less
than full flaps are recommended in crosswinds or if the flaps fail to deploy
or to extend the aircraft’s glide distance due to engine malfunction.
Normal Landing
Normal landings are made with full flaps and airbrakes fixed in ½ extended
position with power on or off. Surface winds and air turbulence are usually
the primary factors in determining the most comfortable approach speeds.
Actual touchdown should be made with power off and on the main wheels
first to reduce the landing speed and subsequent need for braking. Gently
lower the nose wheel to the runway after airplane speed has diminished.
This is especially important for rough or soft field landings.
Short Field Landing
For a short field landing in smooth air conditions, make an approach at
60 KIAS with full flaps and fully extended airbrakes using enough power to
control the glide path (slightly higher approach speeds should be used
under turbulent air conditions). After all approach obstacles are cleared,
progressively reduce power to reach idle just before touchdown and
maintain the approach speed by lowering the nose of the airplane.
Touchdown should be made power-off and on the main wheels first.
Immediately after touchdown, lower the nose wheel and apply braking as
required. For maximum brake effectiveness, retract the flaps, hold the
control stick full back, and apply maximum brake pressure without skidding.
Keep airbrakes open until reaching taxi speeds.
Section 4
Normal Procedures
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
4-17
Crosswind Landing
Normal crosswind landings are made with (+1) flaps. Avoid prolonged slips.
After touchdown, hold a straight course with rudder and brakes as required.
The maximum allowable crosswind velocity is dependent upon pilot
capability as well as aircraft limitations. Operation in direct crosswinds of 18
knots has been demonstrated.
4.11 Balked Landing
In a balked landing (go around), apply full power and pitch up (climb), then
close airbrakes, then reduce the flap setting to (+1). If obstacles must be
cleared during the go around, climb at 57-60 KIAS with (+1) flaps. After
clearing any obstacles, retract the flaps and accelerate to the normal climb
speed..
1. Throttle Lever .................................................................... Full forward
2. Airbrakes..................................................................................... Close
3. Flaps .............................................................................................. (+1)
4. Airspeed........................................................................... 57 - 60 KIAS
After clear of obstacles:
5. Flaps ......................................................................................... UP (0)
6. Airspeed.................................................................... Best climb speed
4.12 After Landing
1. Throttle Lever ............................................................................... IDLE
2. Flaps ..................................................................................... (-5) or (0)
3. Transponder ............................................................................... STBY
4. Lights ................................................................................. As required
5. Airbrakes................................................................ Close at taxi speed
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 4
Normal Procedures
4-18
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
4.13 Shut Down
1. Green electrical switches ......................................................... All OFF
2. Throttle lever ................................................................................. IDLE
3. Ignition Switch .............................................................................. OFF
4. BPRS safety pin .......................................................................... Insert
5. All Switches .................................................................................. OFF
6. ELT ....................................................................... Transmit Light OUT
Note:
After a hard landing, the ELT may activate. If this is suspected, press the
RESET button.
4.14 Parking
1. BPRS safety pin ................................................. Inserted, secured
2. Parking brake ...................................... Engaged only if necessary
3. Fuel selector .......................................................................... OFF
4. Chocks, Tie-downs, Pitot Covers ............................... As required
Note:
Park on level terrain, excessive bank (one wing lower than the other) will
result in fuel spilling from fuel vents.
4.15 Soft field operations
As described in 4.5.2. and 4.10.
Section 4
Normal Procedures
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
4-19
4.16 Aerotowing
This paragraph contains recommendations and establishes guidelines for
operational consideration.
Note:
Total take-off distance is limited by certification basis to be less than 500
m. This is achieved by limiting the take-off mass to 500 kg and mass of
towed glider to 600 kg.
Attachment and removal of mirror
The mirror for glider-towing operations is attached to the bottom side of the
left wing through the dedicated mounting. Remove the plastic cap which
covers the tie-down point, insert the mirror mounting and screw it in until it
is properly fixed. Clamp the mirror to the mounting. Adjust the mirror
position in order to have a clear and unobstructed view of the towed glider.
To remove the mirror, apply the above procedure in reverse.
Recommendations
Before take-off:
1. Rope disconnect ................................ Check for successful disconnect
2. Mirror .............. Adjust before each tow to have clear view of the glider
Take-off:
3. Take-off flap setting ............................. (+1) for grass and hard runway
4. Trim ................................................................................. set ½ nose-up
5. Lift-off speed ............................................................................ 55 KIAS
6. Initial climb speed ............................ 60 KIAS (depends on glider type)
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 4
Normal Procedures
4-20
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
Reaching safe altitude (min 300 ft):
7. Engine power .......................................... Adjust to 27 InHg, 5500 RPM
8. Turn crosswind ............................................. Maximum bank angle 20°
9. Flaps ................................................................................................. (0)
10. Engine temperatures ................................................................. Monitor
CAUTION!
In case of engine overheating consider reducing power, increasing speed
or disconnecting glider.
Before descent:
11. Glider disconnected ......................................................... Check mirror!
12. Power ............................................................................................... Idle
13. Flaps ................................................................................................. (-)
14. Airbrakes ...............................................................................As desired
15. Rope ...................................................................... Drop before landing
CAUTION!
Should the rope not be dropped before landing, use caution to maneuver
aircraft so that the rope does not catch obstacles on approach path.
Note:
In case the rope cannot be disconnected at both sides (tow-plane and
glider), landing in formation was demonstrated to be safe.
Note:
All emergencies to be handled as per chapter Emergency Procedures with
pilot’s consideration when to disconnect glider.
Section 5
Performance Data
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-0040-001-A02
APPROVED
5-1
Section 5
Performance Data
Table of Contents
5.1 Introduction ................................................................. 2
5.2 Outside Air Temperature for ISA-Condition ................. 3
5.3 Wind Component ........................................................ 4
5.4 Airspeed Calibration .................................................... 5
5.5 Stall Speed .................................................................. 6
5.6 Take-Off ...................................................................... 7
5.7 Rate of Climb (VY) ....................................................... 9
5.8 Climb Gradient (VX) ................................................... 10
5.9 Cruising - Power Setting, Fuel Consumption ............ 11
5.10 Landing ..................................................................... 13
5.11 Noise Characteristics ................................................ 15
5.12 Aerotowing Performance ........................................... 16
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 5
Performance Data
APPROVED
5-2
POH-121-0040-001-A02
5.1 Introduction
The performance tables and diagrams on the following pages show the
performance of the airplane. The data presented in these tables and
diagrams has been derived from test–flights using an airplane and engine
in good operating condition, and was corrected to standard atmospheric
conditions 15˚ C and 1013.25 mbar at sea level.
The performance tables do not take into account the expertise of the pilot
or the maintenance condition of the airplane. The performance illustrated in
the tables can be achieved if the indicated procedures are followed and the
airplane is in good maintenance condition.
Note that the flight duration data does not include a fuel reserve. The fuel
consumption during cruise is based on propeller RPM and manifold
pressure settings. Some undefined variables such as the operating
condition of the engine, contamination of the aircrafts surface, or turbulence
could have influences on flights distance and flights duration. For this
reason, it is of utmost importance that all available data is used when
calculating the required amount of fuel for a flight.
Section 5
Performance Data
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-0040-001-A02
APPROVED
5-3
Pressure
Altitude [ft]
ISA-40°C
ISA-20°C
ISA
ISA+10°C
ISA+20°C
SL
-25
-5
15
25
35
1000
-27
-7
13
23
33
2000
-29
-9
11
21
31
3000
-31
-11 9 19
29
4000
-33
-13 7 17
27
5000
-35
-15 5 15
25
6000
-37
-17 3 13
23
7000
-39
-19 1 11
21
8000
-41
-21
-1
10
20
9000
-43
-23
-3 7 17
10000
-45
-25
-5 5 15
11000
-47
-27
-7 3 13
12000
-49
-29
-9 1 11
13000
-51
-31
-11
-1
9
14000
-53
-33
-13
-3 7 15000
-55
-35
-15
-5
5
16000
-57
-37
-17
-7
3
17000
-59
-39
-19
-9
1
17500
-60
-40
-20
-10
0
5.2 Outside Air Temperature for ISA-Condition
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 5
Performance Data
APPROVED
5-4
POH-121-0040-001-A02
5.3 Wind Component
Example:
Runway Heading 10°
Wind Direction 60°
Wind Velocity 15 Knots
Section 5
Performance Data
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-0040-001-A02
APPROVED
5-5
KCAS
KIAS
Flaps
(-)
Flaps
(0)
Flaps
(+1)
Flaps
(+2)
40
---
---
37
37
50
49
46
47
48
60
59
57
59
59
70
69
68
69
---
80
79
79
80
---
90
89
90
---
---
100
99
99
---
---
110
109
109
---
---
120
119
119
---
---
130
129
129
---
---
140
139
139
---
---
150
149
149
---
---
160
159
159
---
---
163
162
162
---
---
5.4 Airspeed Calibration
Airspeed Calibration
Conditions:
Power: Power for level flight or max. continuous power,
whichever is less.
Note:
Indicated airspeed values assume zero instrument error.
Note:
Aibrake extension does not influence airspeed calibration values.
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 5
Performance Data
APPROVED
5-6
POH-121-0040-001-A02
Weight
Bank
Angle
Stall Speed
Flaps (-)
Flaps
(+0)
Flaps
(+1)
Flaps
(+2)
Flaps
(+2) &
full abks
kg
Degrees
KIAS
KCAS
KIAS
KCAS
KIAS
KCAS
KIAS
KCAS
KIAS
KCAS
600
Most
FWD
C.G.
0
56
55
53
50
51
48
47
45
50
48
600
Most
AFT
C.G.
0
54
52
51
49
49
46
45
43
48
46
45
65
64
63
60
59
58
55
54
58
57
5.5 Stall Speed
Conditions:
Power: Idle
Propeller: Full forward (fine pitch)
Note:
The recovery altitude necessary is very dependent on the tempo of
recovery. Typical loss of altitude for recovery:
150-250 ft for slow recovery without power
100 ft for normal recovery with power
less than 100 ft for aggressive recovery
150 ft for normal recovery with extended airbrakes
Depending on pilot skill the altitude loss during wings level stall may be 250
feet or more. KIAS values may not be accurate at stall.
Section 5
Performance Data
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-0040-001-A02
APPROVED
5-7
Pressure
Distance
Temperature
Altitude [ft]
[m]
0°C
10°C
20°C
30°C
40°C
ISA
SL
Ground roll
148
157
167
176
186
160
50 ft
302
316
329
343
356
320
5.6 Take-Off
Conditions:
Power: Throttle Full Open, Propeller pitch Full Forward (Fine)
Flaps: (+1)
Runway: Dry, paved and level
Wind: Calm
Correction Factors:
Headwind: Subtract 10% for each 12 knots headwind.
Tailwind: Add 10% for each 2 knots tailwind up to 10 knots.
Runway Surface
Dry Grass: Add 10% to Ground Roll.
Wet Grass: Add 30% to Ground Roll.
Runway Slope:
Increase table distances by 22% of the ground roll distance at Sea Level
for each 1% of upslope.
Decrease table distances by 7% of the ground roll distance at Sea Level,
for each 1% of slope.
Weight: 600 kg
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 5
Performance Data
APPROVED
5-8
POH-121-0040-001-A02
Pressure
Distance
Temperature
Altitude [ft]
[m]
0°C
10°C
20°C
30°C
40°C
11°C
2000
Ground roll
178
189
201
213
225
192
50 ft
357
373
389
405
421
379
Pressure
Distance
Temperature
Altitude [ft]
[m]
0°C
10°C
20°C
30°C
40°C
7°C
4000
Ground roll
220
234
248
262
277
229
50 ft
391
408
426
443
460
402
Pressure
Distance
Temperature
Altitude [ft]
[m]
0°C
10°C
20°C
30°C
40°C
3°C
6000
Ground roll
264
280
297
315
333
268
50 ft
428
447
466
485
504
435
Speed at Liftoff: 47 KIAS
Speed over 50 ft: 60 KIAS (VX)
Section 5
Performance Data
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-0040-001-A02
APPROVED
5-9
Weight
Pressure
Altitude
Climb
Speed
Rate of Climb [ft/min]
ft
KIAS
0°C
10°C
20°C
30°C
ISA
600 kg
0
78
1108
1069
1032
998
1050
2000
78
1037
1001
967
935
997
4000
78
969
935
903
873
944
6000
78
902
870
840
812
892
8000
78
836
807
779
753
839
10000
78
772
745
719
696
786
12000
78
709
684
661
639
733
5.7 Rate of Climb (VY)
Conditions:
Power: Throttle Wide Open (Full forward),
Propeller pitch Full Forward (Fine)
Flaps: (0)
Airspeed: Best rate of climb: 78 KIAS (VY)
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 5
Performance Data
APPROVED
5-10
POH-121-0040-001-A02
Weight
Pressure
Altitude
Climb
Speed
Climb Angle / Gradient
ft
KIAS
ISA
600 kg
0
60
10.93 degrees
2000
60
9.42 degrees
4000
60
8.36 degrees
6000
60
7.08 degrees
8000
60
5.79 degrees
5.8 Climb Gradient (VX)
Note:
Angle of climb data shown is for information only, appropriate pilot
procedures should be followed for non-ISA conditions.
CAUTION!
increased outside air temperature.
Expect the climb performance to degrade with
Section 5
Performance Data
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-0040-001-A02
APPROVED
5-11
Pressure
Altitude
Parameters
ISA
RPM
MAP
PWR
(%MCP)
KTAS
FF (liter/h)
2000 ft
5500
27.7
100%
129
28.8
5500
26.7
85%
126
22.4
5300
25.7
75%
119
18.4
4900
24.7
65%
105
16.0
4600
24.0
55%
102
14.4
5.9 Cruising - Power Setting, Fuel Consumption
Conditions:
Weight: 600 kg
Temperature: ISA
Wind: Zero
Total Fuel: 99 Liter
Note:
Fuel remaining for cruise is equal to 99 liters usable:
- less climb fuel
- less 6 l for 30 min VFR reserve fuel at 47% power (ISA @ 10,000 ft PA)
- less descent fuel
- less fuel used prior to takeoff.
CAUTION! Actual flight endurance must be calculated from the
following tables.
Note:
Maximum continuous power is defined by 5500 RPM, not by MAP. MCP is
69 kW. Operation with MAP above 24 InHg with RPM below 4800 is not
recommended.
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 5
Performance Data
APPROVED
5-12
POH-121-0040-001-A02
Pressure
Altitude
Parameters
ISA
RPM
MAP
PWR
(%MCP)
KTAS
FF (liter/h)
4000 ft
Not achievable
MCP
Not achievable
5500
25.3
85%
130
25.2
5500
24.3
75%
126
19.6
5100
23.3
65%
116
16.8
4600
23.3
55%
113
15.6
Pressure
Altitude
Parameters
ISA
RPM
MAP
PWR
(%MCP)
KTAS
FF (liter/h)
6000 ft
Not achievable
MCP
Not achievable
85%
5500
23.3
75%
132
23.2
5300
22.7
65%
125
19.6
4900
22.0
55%
115
16.8
Pressure
Altitude
Parameters
ISA
RPM
MAP
PWR
(%MCP)
KTAS
FF (liter/h)
8000 ft
Not achievable
MCP
Not achievable
85%
5500
22.0
75%
132
23.6
5300
21.7
65%
125
21.2
5100
21.0
55%
118
18.0
Section 5
Performance Data
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-0040-001-A02
APPROVED
5-13
Pressure
Altitude
Parameters
ISA
RPM
MAP
PWR
(%MCP)
KTAS
FF (liter/h)
10,000 ft
Not achievable
MCP
Not achievable
85%
75%
5300
19.7
65%
133
22.4
5500
20.3
55%
125
19.2
Pressure
Altitude
Parameters
ISA
RPM
MAP
PWR
(%MCP)
KTAS
FF (liter/h)
12,000 ft
Not achievable
MCP
Not achievable
85%
75%
65%
5500
18
55%
120
20.4
5.10 Landing
Conditions:
Wind: Zero
Runway: Dry, level and paved
Flaps: (+2)
Power: 3° power approach to 50 ft height, then reduce power
smoothly continue to reach idle just at touch.
Airspeed: 60 KIAS at 50 ft height
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 5
Performance Data
APPROVED
5-14
POH-121-0040-001-A02
Pressure
Distance
Temperature
Altitude [ft]
[m]
0°C
10°C
20°C
30°C
40°C
ISA
SL
Ground roll
248
257
266
275
284
260
Total over 50 ft
433
442
451
460
469
445
Correction Factors:
Headwind: Subtract 10% from table distances for each
13 knots headwind.
Tailwind: Add 10% to table distances for each
2 knots tailwind up to 10 knots.
Dry grass runway: Add 20% to ground roll distance.
Wet grass runway: Add 60% to ground roll distance.
Sloped Runway: Increase table distances by 27% of the ground roll
distance for each 1% of slope.
Decrease table distances by 9% of the ground roll
distance for each 1% of upslope.
CAUTION!
The corrections should be used with caution since published runway
slope data is usually the net slope from one end of the runway to the
other. Many runways will have portions of their length at greater or
lesser slopes than the published slope, lengthening the estimated
landing ground roll.
For operation in outside air temperatures colder than this table provides,
use coldest data shown.
For operation in outside air temperatures warmer than this table provides,
use extreme caution.
Weight: 600 kg
Section 5
Performance Data
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-0040-001-A02
APPROVED
5-15
Pressure
Distance
Temperature
Altitude [ft]
[m]
0°C
10°C
20°C
30°C
40°C
11°C
2000
Ground roll
267
276
286
296
306
279
Total over 50 ft
452
461
471
481
491
463
Pressure
Distance
Temperature
Altitude [ft]
[m]
0°C
10°C
20°C
30°C
40°C
7°C
4000
Ground roll
287
298
309
319
287
294
Total over 50 ft
472
483
494
504
472
280
Pressure
Distance
Temperature
Altitude [ft]
[m]
0°C
10°C
20°C
30°C
40°C
3°C
6000
Ground roll
310
321
333
344
310
314
Total over 50 ft
495
506
518
529
495
500
5.11 Noise Characteristics
Noise level according to ICAO Annex 16, Chapter 10:
Measured: 70 dB(A) Max. allow. noise level: 70.8 dB(A)
Pilot
Operating Handbook
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Section 5
Performance Data
APPROVED
5-16
POH-121-0040-001-A02
Towed
Glider Mass
Ground roll
(ISA – Sea level)
Take-off distance
15m obstacle
(ISA – Sea level)
Kg m m
300
180
350
400
200
370
500
250
410
600
280
500
Towed
Glider Mass
Climb rate stabilized
(ISA Sea level)
Kg
m/s
300
3.5
400
2.6
500
2.3
600
2
5.12 Aerotowing Performance
5.12.1 Take-off
Data is valid for a hard-surface runway.
5.12.2 Climb
Note:
Appropriate pilot procedures must be applied when towing outside of
ISA sea-level conditions and/or from non-hard surface runways.
Section 6
Weight and Balance
Virus SW 121
Pipistrel d.o.o. Ajdovščina
Pilot
Operating Handbook
POH-121-00-40-001_A02
APPROVED
6-1
Section 6
Weight and Balance
Table of Contents
6.1 Introduction ............................................................ 2
6.2 Airplane Weighing Procedure ................................ 2
6.3 C.G. - Calculation ................................................... 5
6.4 Equipment List ....................................................... 6
6.5 Airplane Weight and Balance Record .................... 8
Loading...