Pinnacle Systems Xpress - 4.0 User Manual

Avid Xpress®

Effects Guide

tools for storytellers®

Avid Xpress Effects Guide • Part 0130-04548-01 Rev. A • August 2000

Chapter 1 Preparing to Work with Effects

Effect Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Effects Creation Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

About Real-Time and Downstream Key Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

About Real-Time Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Playing Real-Time Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Playback Capabilities for Two-Stream Video . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Playback Capabilities for Single-Stream

Uncompressed Video. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Playing Complex Effect Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Combined Rendering of Real-Time and

Non-Real-Time Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Displaying Effects On-the-Fly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Interrupting Render On-the-Fly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

About Downstream Key Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Using the Effect Palette. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Displaying the Effect Palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Resizing the Effect Palette. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Understanding the Color Coding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Displaying Effect Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Using Third-Party Plug-in Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Installing AVX Plug-Ins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Locating the AVX_Plug-Ins Folder (Windows) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Upgrading AVX Plug-ins and Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Assigning Multiple Tracks in Plug-in Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Using AVX Plug-in Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Accessing an AVX Custom Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Troubleshooting AVX Plug-Ins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Plug-in Does Not Appear in the Effect Palette. . . . . . . . . . . 42

Plug-in Does Not Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Avid Xpress Cannot Render the Plug-In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Blank Effect Icons in the Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Missing Effect Categories in the Effect Palette . . . . . . . . . . 43

Chapter 2 Basics of Effects Editing

Deconstructing Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Applying Effects to a Sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Applying an Effect to a Single Transition or Segment . . . . . . . 47

Dragging an Effect from the Effect Palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Double-Clicking an Effect Icon in the Effect Palette . . . . . 49

Applying an Effect to Multiple Transitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Applying an Effect to Multiple Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Deleting Effects in a Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Deleting a Single Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Deleting Multiple Transition Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Deleting Multiple Segment Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Using the Fade Effect Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Working with Transition Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Types of Transition Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Applying a Dissolve Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Using the Effect Palette to Create a Dissolve Effect . . . . . . 58

Using the Add Dissolve Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Using the Add Dissolve Button to Apply Effects to

Multiple Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Understanding the Graphical Display in the

Quick Dissolve Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Creating a Dissolve in Trim Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Sizing the Effect to Fit the Media. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Trimming a Transition Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Creating Motion Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Playing and Rendering Motion Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Rendering Considerations When Creating

Motion Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Rendering and Rerendering Existing Motion Effects. . . . . 74

Understanding Motion Effect Type Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Creating a Freeze Frame. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Controlling a Freeze Frame with a Single Button or Key . . . . . 81

Creating a Rolling Clip That Freezes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Creating a Variable Speed Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Creating a Strobe Motion Effect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Chapter 3 Customizing Effects with the Effect Editor

Opening the Effect Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Customizing the Effect Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Understanding the Effect Preview Monitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Understanding the Tracking Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Displaying the Safe Title and Safe Action Guidelines . . . . . . . 94

Moving an Enlarged Image in the Effect Preview Monitor . . . 96

Changing Position in an Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Replacing an Effect in Effect Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Using the Effect Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Effect Editor Buttons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

About Effect Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Using Parameter Sliders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Using Parameter Enable Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Using Fast Menu Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Using the Other Options Button to Access Parameters . . . . . . 106

Adjusting a Color Parameter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Using the Eyedropper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Using the Windows Color Dialog Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Using the Macintosh Color Picker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Using Keyframes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Adding a Keyframe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Selecting a Keyframe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Moving a Keyframe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Changing a Keyframe’s Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Copying and Pasting Keyframe Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Deleting a Keyframe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Manipulating Effects Directly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Defining Motion Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Moving the Image Directly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Resizing a Foreground Image by Dragging Handles. . . . . . . . 118

Using an Effect Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

Saving an Effect Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

Applying an Effect Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Playing an Effect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Basic Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Playing an Effect in a Continuous Loop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Playing a Preview of an Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Rendering Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Creating and Using Render Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Creating a New Render Setting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Adjusting Render Settings Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Activating a Render Setting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Partial Render . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Interrupting a Render . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Customizing Render Ranges Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Rendering a Single Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Rendering Effects at Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Rendering Effects Between IN and OUT Points. . . . . . . . . . . . 133

ExpertRender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Rendering Effects by Using ExpertRender. . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Modifying ExpertRender Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Considerations When Using ExpertRender . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Examples of ExpertRender Behavior. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Example 1: Nested Effect with Dissolves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

Example 2: Multilayer Sequence with a 3D Effect . . . . . . 142

Example 3: Titles with a Dissolve Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Managing Effect Media Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Understanding Effect Media Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Revealing Effect Media Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Deleting Effect Media Files from a Bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Chapter 4 Creating Layered and Nested Effects

Creating Key Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Using the Chroma Key Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

About the Chroma Key Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Creating a Chroma Key Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Creating a Luma Key Effect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Creating a Matte Key Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Using the Color Effect to Prepare a

High-Contrast Image. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Working with Imported Graphics and Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Editing with Imported Matte Key Clips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Editing with Imported Master Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

Nesting Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Expanding Nested Effects in the Timeline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Creating a Simple Nested Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Nesting a Matte Key Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

Submaster Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Applying the Submaster Effect to a

Multilayered Sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Using the Submaster Effect with a Series of

Short Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Collapsing Layers into One Submaster Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Performing a Video Mixdown. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176

Chapter 5 Working with 3D Effects

About the 3D Effects Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Turning the 3D Effects Option On and Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Turning the 3D Effects Option On and Off

at Startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Turning the 3D Effects Option On and Off

in the Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Accessing 3D Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Promoting 2D Effects to 3D Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

Using Matte Keys with 3D Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Understanding the 3D Effects Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

Moving in 3D Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

The 3D Coordinate System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Rotation Axes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

About 3D Effects Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Accessing 3D Effects Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Manipulating 3D Effects Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Using the Default Keyframe Parameter Values. . . . . . . . . 189

Resetting Default Parameter Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Using Effect Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Zooming In or Out on the Effect Preview Monitor . . . . . . . . . 191

Manipulating 3D Effects Directly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Manipulating 3D Effect Handles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

Using the Motion Path Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Applying 3D Effects: Examples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

Creating a Page Curl Transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

Creating a Cropped Foreground Effect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Avid Xpress Effects and Effects in Other Avid Systems. . . . . . . . . 197

Chapter 6 Creating Titles and Graphic Objects

Overview: Creating Titles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Downstream Keying of Titles and Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Opening the Title Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

Understanding the Title Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

Understanding the Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

Using the Selection Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

Setting Up the Drawing Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Installing Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Previewing Titles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

Using Title and Action Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Using Safe Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Selecting a Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Using a Video Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Updating the Video Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Creating a Color Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Using the Alignment Grid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

Displaying a Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

Snapping to a Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

Bringing the Title Tool to the Foreground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Using the 16:9 Display Format for Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

Working with Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

Creating Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

Copying and Pasting Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

Resizing Text Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

Repositioning Text Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

Editing a Text String . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Formatting the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

Selecting Text for Formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Setting the Default Text Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Selecting a Font . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Changing the Font . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Changing the Point Size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Making Text Bold or Italic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Justifying the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Kerning the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

Adjusting Leading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

Creating Graphic Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Drawing a Square or Rectangle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Drawing a Circle or Oval. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

Drawing a Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

Selecting Line Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

Rounding Corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

Selecting a Line or Border Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

Adding Arrowheads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Changing Arrowhead Size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Creating Rolling Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Page Count Limits for Rolling Titles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Using Auto Size Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

Setting Up Text Formatting for Rolling Titles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

Typing the Rolling Title Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

Resizing the Width of a Rolling Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

Scrolling Through a Title. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

Going to a Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Adding Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Deleting Additional Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Formatting Rolling Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Selecting Colors and Setting Transparency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Adjusting the Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

Blending Two Colors in an Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Using the Title Tool Color Picker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

Adjusting the Transparency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

Blending Transparency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Working with Shadows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Applying Shadows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Adjusting Shadow Color and Transparency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Adjusting Shadow Softness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Setting Shadow Softness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Adjusting Shadow Softness On-the-Fly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

Viewing Shadow Softness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

Creating a Glow Effect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

Manipulating Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Basic Manipulation Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Layering Text and Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

Grouping and Ungrouping Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

Locking and Unlocking Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

Aligning Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

Distributing Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Saving Titles and Title Styles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

Matching Resolutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Saving a Title and Exiting the Title Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Saving Multiple Titles in a Session. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

Using the Fast Save Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Saving a Title with Fast Save. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

Viewing Fast-Saved Titles in a Bin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

Rendering Fast-Saved Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

Revising a Title in a Bin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

Using a Keyboard Shortcut to Save a Title

(Windows Only). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

Saving and Recalling Title Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

Saving a Title Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Recalling a Title Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

Confirming Function Key Mapping of Title Styles . . . . . 265

Applying Title Styles to Text Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

Managing Title Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

Creating and Using Title Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

Creating Title Templates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

Using Title Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Exporting a Title as a Graphics File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Chapter 7 Editing with Titles

Workflow for Editing with Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Guidelines for Working with Titles and Title Media. . . . . . . . . . . 271

Downstream Keying of Titles and Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Restrictions of Downstream Key Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

Converting Downstream Key Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Restrictions of Non-Downstream Key Titles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Playback Capabilities of Title Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

Playback Capabilities for Titles with

Two Video Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

Playback Capabilities for Titles with

One Video Stream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

About Title Clips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

Displaying Title Frames in the Bin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

Editing a Title into a Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

Setting Marks in Rolling Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Splicing or Overwriting a Title into a Sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Dragging a Marked Title into a Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

Dragging an Unmarked Title into a Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

Trimming the Duration of Rolling Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

Removing Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

Replacing Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

Fading a Title. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Adjusting Title Effect Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

Revising a Title in a Sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

Replacing Fill Tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Rendering Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

Re-creating Title Media. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

Promoting a 2D Title to 3D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

Troubleshooting Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

Title Does Not Display Over Video. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

Downstream Key Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

Wrong Title Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

Chapter 8 2D Effects Reference

2D Effects Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

Global and Keyframeable Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

Acceleration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

Border . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

Color Effect Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

Luma Adjust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

Luma Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

Luma Clip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

Chroma Adjust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

Color Style. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Color Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

Crop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

Downstream Key. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

Foreground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

Key Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

Secondary Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

Spill Suppression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

Matrix Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

Motion Effect Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Freeze Frame Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Variable Speed and Strobe Motion Parameters . . . . . . . . . 324

Plug-in Effect Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Scroll Position V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

Transition Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330

2D Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

Blend Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Dip to Color. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

Dissolve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

Fade from Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

Fade to Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

Picture-in-Picture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

Superimpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338

Box Wipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

Bottom Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

Bottom Left to Top Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

Bottom Right to Top Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342

Left Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

Right Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344

Top Bo x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

Top Left to Bottom Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

Top Right to Bottom Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

Conceal Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

Bottom Left to Top Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

Bottom Right to Top Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

Bottom to Top . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

Left to Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352

Right to Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353

Top Left to Bottom Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354

Top Right to Bottom Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

Top to Bottom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

Edge Wipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

Horizontal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358

Horizontal Open . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

Lower Left Diagonal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360

Lower Right Diagonal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

Upper Left Diagonal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362

Upper Right Diagonal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

Ve r ti c a l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

Vertical Open . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

Film Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

1.66 Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

1.85 Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

Anamorphic Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

16:9 Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

Blowup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

Film Dissolve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

Film Fade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

Image Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

Color Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

Flip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

Flip-Flop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

Flop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378

Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

Resize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

Submaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

Key Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382

Chroma Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

Luma Key. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

Matte Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

L-Conceal Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

Bottom Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

Bottom Right. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388

Top Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389

Top Ri gh t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390

Matrix Wipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

Grid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392

One-Way Row. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

Speckle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394

Spiral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395

Zig-Zag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396

Motion Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

Freeze Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

Variable Speed and Strobe Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

Peel Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

Bottom Left Corner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399

Bottom Right Corner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400

Bottom to Top . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401

Left to Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

Right to Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

Top Left Corner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

Top Right Corner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405

Top to Bottom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

Push Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

Bottom Left to Top Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408

Bottom Right to Top Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

Bottom to Top . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410

Left to Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

Right to Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412

Top Left to Bottom Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

Top Right to Bottom Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

Top to Bottom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415

Sawtooth Wipes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

Horizontal Open Sawtooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

Horizontal Sawtooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

Vertical Open Sawtooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

Vertical Sawtooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

Shape Wipes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

4 Corners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421

Center Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422

Circle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

Clock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

Diamond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Ellipse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426

Horizontal Bands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

Horizontal Blinds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

Vertical Blinds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Spin Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430

X Spin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

Y Spin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

Z Spin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

Squeeze Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

Bottom Centered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435

Bottom Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436

Bottom Right. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

Bottom to Top . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438

Centered Zoom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

Horizontal Centered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

Left Centered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

Left to Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

Right Centered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

Right to Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

Top Centered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445

Top Left . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446

Top Ri gh t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447

Top to Bottom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

Vertical Centered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

Title Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450

Comparison of Similar Effects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

Chapter 9 3D Effects Reference

3D Effects Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453

Global Versus Keyframeable Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454

The Hierarchy of Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454

Direct Manipulation of 3D Effect Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455

Acceleration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456

Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457

Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458

Border . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

Crop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

Foreground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464

Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465

Shadow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466

Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

Spline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468

Ta rg e t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

Trail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470

3D Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471

Page Turns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472

Tips for Page Curl Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

Page Curl Angle Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474

Radial Shapes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474

3D Multi Wave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475

3D Ball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

Limitations to Radial Shapes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

Offset Shapes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

3D Slats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482

3D Arrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482

3D Center Burst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483

3D Sine Wave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483

3D Bumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484

Index

Tables

Table 2-1 Playback Capabilities of Motion Effects . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Table 3-1 Effect Editor Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Table 3-2 Render Settings Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Table 6-1 Toolbar Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

Table 6-2 Title Object Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

Table 7-1 DSK and Non-DSK Title Playback Capabilities . . . . 276

Table 7-2 Title Effect Playback Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

CHAPTER 1

Preparing to Work with Effects

Avid Xpress offers many effects that you can apply to your sequences. This chapter describes concepts you should understand before you begin creating and editing effects into sequences.

• Effect Types

• Effects Creation Tools

• About Real-Time and Downstream Key Effects

• Using the Effect Palette

• Using Third-Party Plug-in Effects

Effect Types

Much overlapping occurs between the various types of effects you can create, as well as the methods used to create them. Your system offers four basic effect types.

• Transition effects (dissolves, wipes, and so forth) are applied at the cut point between two video clips that are on the same video track (that is, the same video layer). For more information on creating transition effects, see Chapter 2, “Basics of Effects

Editing” and Chapter 3, “Customizing Effects with the Effect Editor.”

• Segment effects are applied to an entire clip or group of clips. There are two types of segment effects:

-A single-layer segment effect, such as the Mask effect, is

applied to a segment on one video track. Single-layer segment effects use one stream of video. For more information on creating single-layer segment effects, see Chapter 2, “Basics of

Effects Editing” and Chapter 3, “Customizing Effects with the Effect Editor.”

-A multilayer segment effect, such as the Picture-in-Picture

effect, is applied to the top layer or a middle layer of segments that contain two or more video tracks that will be played simultaneously. For more information on techniques for creating multilayer effects, see Chapter 4, “Creating Layered

and Nested Effects.”

• Title effects are created with the Title tool and edited onto their own layers in a sequence. For more information on techniques for creating and editing title effects, see Chapter 6, “Creating Titles

and Graphic Objects” and Chapter 7, “Editing with Titles.”

• Motion effects (freeze frame, variable speed, and strobe) are created by manipulating the playback characteristics of a clip of footage. For more information on techniques for creating motion effects, see Chapter 2, “Basics of Effects Editing.”

A number of effects across these categories have both 2D (two-dimensional) and 3D (three-dimensional) versions on systems equipped with the 3D Effects option. For more information on techniques for creating 3D effects, see Chapter 5, “Working with 3D

Effects.”

For a list of effects for each model of Avid Xpress, see the Avid Xpress Release Notes.

Effects Creation Tools

The following chart presents the basic tools used to create effects.

Sources of effects:

Effect Palette

Apply transition and segment effects directly to tracks.

Effects editing in default editing mode:

Motion Effect dialog box

Edit effect clips into the Timeline.

Title tool

Title and motion effects appear first as clips in the bin.

Effects adjustment in Effect mode:

Effect Preview monitor: Allows you to preview an effect, manipulate keyframes, and manipulate wire-frame representations of the effect.

Effect Editor: Allows you to adjust effect parameters.

About Real-Time and Downstream Key Effects

Many effects are real time, which means you do not have to render them before you play them. Other effects require rendering before you can play them back at full speed. You can preview effects that are not real time before rendering.

Titles and graphic elements imported with an alpha channel display as downstream key (DSK) effects. DSK effects play in real time.

About Real-Time Effects

A real-time effect is an effect that you can apply to a sequence and play without having to render it first (rendering takes time and disk space). A real-time effect has a small orange dot within the effect icon in the Timeline. Effects that must be rendered have a small blue dot within the effect icon in the Timeline. Effects that might need to be rendered have a small green dot within the effect icon in the Timeline. For more information, see “Understanding the Color Coding” on page 30.

Some systems have a mix of real-time and non-real-time effects. For a list of effects capabilities of Avid Xpress models, see the Avid Xpress Release Notes.

Playing Real-Time Effects

You can create a sequence that has any number of real-time and non-real-time effects. However, the maximum real-time playback capabilities of your system vary, depending on whether you are working with two streams of video (compressed resolutions or the two-stream uncompressed option) or with the single-stream uncompressed video option. Uncompressed video options are available for some models of Avid Xpress.

Playback Capabilities for Two-Stream Video

If you are working with compressed video resolutions or with the two-stream uncompressed option, your system can play two video streams in real time. The following are the maximum real-time playback capabilities for two streams of video.

• You can play up to a maximum of two real-time segment effects at a time.

• You can add a maximum of one additional DSK title or graphic. The DSK Title effect can be either a rolling title or a static title or graphic.

• You can add a Dissolve effect between adjacent segments containing real-time segment effects, and the track will continue to play in real time. However, if another segment effect is on another track, the system can no longer play the sequence in real time; it cannot process three video streams simultaneously.

The following sequence demonstrates the maximum real-time playback capabilities of the system.

DSK Title effect

Nested Mask effect

Color effect

Playback Capabilities for Single-Stream Uncompressed Video

If your system includes the single-stream uncompressed (1:1) video option and you are working with uncompressed video, your system can play only one video stream in real time. The following are the maximum real-time playback capabilities for single-stream uncompressed video.

• You can play effects that use only one video stream, for example, color effects or resizes. These effects will appear with an orange dot in the Timeline.

• You can add a DSK title or graphic to a sequence that plays in real time, and the sequence will continue to play in real time. For more information on the playback capabilities of titles and graphics when working with uncompressed video, see Chapter 7, “Editing

with Titles.”

• You cannot play effects that require more than one video stream, for example, dissolves and Picture-in-Picture effects, in real time. This includes all transition effects and all multilayer segment effects. These effects will appear with a green dot in the Timeline.

Playing Complex Effect Combinations

If your sequence contains a combination of effects that exceeds the real-time playback capabilities of the system, you can achieve successful playback by using the following additional techniques:

• Render some or all of the effects. For more information, see

“Rendering Effects” on page 124.

Consider rendering transition effects such as the Dissolve effect or wipe effects first; they take less time to render than titles or segment effects.

• Use the Submaster effect to reduce the amount of rendering. For more information, see “Submaster Editing” on page 171.

• Perform a mixdown of video tracks. For more information, see

“Performing a Video Mixdown” on page 176.

If your sequence contains multiple short clips with multiple real-time effects or images with a high level of complexity, you might exceed the capacity of the hardware to play these in real time, even if these effects would not normally exceed the real-time playback capabilities of your system. This results in Video Underrun error messages. In this case, render some of the intermediate effects before playing the sequence.

Combined Rendering of Real-Time and Non-Real-Time Effects

The combination of real-time and non-real-time effects on the same video track can show different results, depending on when you render the non-real-time effects:

• If you render non-real-time segment effects after you apply a real-time transition effect, the sequence plays in real time.

• If you render non-real-time segment effects and then apply a real-time transition effect, the transition effect plays as a cut.

Displaying Effects On-the-Fly

The Render On-the-Fly option allows you to play back real-time effects and preview non-real-time effects frame by frame, immediately after applying them.

To display effects immediately during effects editing:

t Choose Render On-the-Fly from the Clip menu.

Interrupting Render On-the-Fly

Using Render On-the-Fly can slow down your editing of a sequence. If you are compositing and then change the frame you are monitoring, you must wait for the system to render the single frame.

Instead of waiting for the system to finish rendering, you can interrupt Render On-the-Fly. Interrupting Render On-the-Fly interrupts only the rendering of non-real-time effects.

To interrupt Render On-the-Fly, do one of the following:

t Drag the position indicator in the Timeline.

While you are dragging, the sequence appears in the Composer monitor as it would if Render On-the-Fly were not selected from the Clip menu.

t If you click in the Timeline and the system begins to render,

quickly move to another location in the Timeline. This interrupts the rendering process until you release the mouse button.

About Downstream Key Effects

By default, the Avid system creates all titles using its DSK capabilities. Graphic elements imported with an alpha channel are also created as DSK clips.

Downstream keying allows you to add uncompressed titles or graphics over multiple streams of compressed media and continue to play the sequence in real time. You see the real benefits of downstream keying during editing of Title Effect clips into sequences.

For information about editing with DSK titles, including descriptions of various restrictions and playback capabilities, see Chapter 6.

Using the Effect Palette

The Effect Palette is a window that lists all the effects available on your Avid Xpress system. The effects that are available on your system depend on the model and options that you purchased and on what third-party plug-ins you might have installed. For the list of effects available for your model, see the Avid Xpress Release Notes. You select transition and segment effects from the Effect Palette.

The left side of the Effect Palette displays a scrollable list of effect categories that includes the following standard categories as well as categories for any third-party plug-ins you have installed.

The effect categories list also includes open bins when those bins contain effect templates or other kinds of effect files.

•3D Effect

•Blend

• Box Wipe

• Conceal

• Edge Wipe

•Image

• Key

• L-Conceal

•Matrix Wipe

•Peel

•Push

• Sawtooth Wipe

•Shape Wipe

•Spin

• Squeeze

The right side of the Effect Palette shows a list of the individual effects that are available for the currently selected effect category. Each effect has its own effect icon. Effects that are or might be playable in real time appear with a color-coded dot. For more information, see

“Understanding the Color Coding” on page 30.

Displaying the Effect Palette

You can also display the Effect Palette by pressing Ctrl+8 (Windows) or k+8 (Macintosh) on your keyboard.

Scrollable list of effect categories

To display the Effect Palette:

1. Choose Effect Palette from the Tools menu

The Effect Palette opens.

Blend effect choices

2. Click an effect category in the left side of the Effect Palette to select it and display effects in that category in the right side.

The 3D Effect category is available only on systems with the 3D Effects option. For information on 3D effects, see Chapter 5, “Working with 3D

Effects.”

Resizing the Effect Palette

You can resize the Effect Palette to display more effects when a particular category includes a long list of icons.

To resize the Effect Palette:

t Click the lower right corner of the palette, drag the palette to the

size you want, and then release the mouse button.

Understanding the Color Coding

Effect icons in the Effect Palette and in the Timeline display color-coded dots to help you determine whether an effect is real-time or non-real-time. After opening the Effect Palette, you will notice that:

• Real-time effects are preceded by an orange dot. These effects take advantage of fast rendering.

• Real-time effects that might not be playable in real time due to their position in a sequence or the options available on your system are preceded by a green dot. These effects take advantage of fast rendering.

The Submaster effect has a green dot in the Effect Palette. Other effects might show a green dot in the Timeline, based on the complexity of the sequence.

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