Picotest Corp G5100A Users Guide

Download

PICOTEST®

G5100A

Arbitrary Waveform Generator

Printed date: 12/2007

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................2

1 GENERAL INFORMATION............................................................................................... 5

1.1 FEATURE OVERVIEW.......................................................................................................5

1.2 WARRANTY INFORMATION .............................................................................................6

1.3 PRECAUTION OF OPERATION ......................................................................................... 7

1.4 UPKEEP OF G5100A...................................................................................................... 8

1.5 SAFETY INFORMATION.................................................................................................... 8

1.6 SYMBOLS AND TERMS .................................................................................................... 9

1.7 INSPECTION .................................................................................................................. 10

1.8 OPTIONS AND ACCESSORIES....................................................................................... 11

2 OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................... 12

2.1 TO ADJUST THE HANDLE ............................................................................................... 12

2.2 FACTORY DEFAULT SETTINGS ..................................................................................... 15

2.3 G5100A OPERATION PANELS .................................................................................... 17

2.3.1 Front Panel.......................................................................................................17

3 COMMON OPERATIONS.................................................................................................19

3.1 GRAPH MODE................................................................................................................ 19

3.2 NUMERICAL/ALPHABETICAL ENTRY ............................................................................. 19

3.3 TO SELECT OUTPUT FUNCTION ................................................................................... 20

3.4 TO SET OUTPUT FREQUENCY/PERIOD........................................................................ 21

3.5 TO SET OUTPUT AMPLITUDE ....................................................................................... 23

3.6 TO SET DC OFFSET VOLTAGE..................................................................................... 25

3.7 TO SET HIGH-LEVEL AND LOW-LEVEL BOUNDS ....................................................... 26

3.8 TO SET WAVEFORM POLARITY .................................................................................... 27

3.9 TO SET OUTPUT TERMINATION................................................................................... 28

3.10 TO ENABLE/DISABLE VOLTAGE AUTORANGING ...................................................... 28

3.11 TO CONTROL OUTPUT CONNECTOR.......................................................................... 29

3.12 TO ENABLED/DISABLE SYNC OUT SIGNAL.............................................................. 30

3.13 TO RESTORE THE FACTORY DEFAULT SETTINGS..................................................... 32

4 WAVEFORM OUTPUT OPERATIONS .......................................................................33

4.1 SINE WAVE ................................................................................................................... 33

4.2 SQUARE WAVE.............................................................................................................. 34

4.3 RAMP WAVE .................................................................................................................. 35

4.4 NOISE WAVEFORM ....................................................................................................... 36

4.5 PULSE WAVEFORM........................................................................................................ 37

4.6 ARBITRARY WAVEFORM ............................................................................................... 39

4.7 AMPLITUDE MODULATION ............................................................................................ 41

4.8 FREQUENCY MODULATION ...........................................................................................44

4.9 PHASE MODULATION .................................................................................................... 47

4.10 FSK MODULATION..................................................................................................... 50

4.11 PWM WAVEFORM ...................................................................................................... 52

4.12 FREQUENCY SWEEP.................................................................................................... 54

4.13 BURST OPERATION .................................................................................................... 59

4.14 PATTERN OUTPUT....................................................................................................... 64

5 SYSTEM OPERATIONS.......................................................................................................72

5.1 TRIGGERING.................................................................................................................. 72

5.2 STORING THE INSTRUMENT STATE .............................................................................. 74

5.3 DISPLAY CONTROL .......................................................................................................77

5.4 BEEPER .......................................................................................................................... 78

5.5 ERROR DISPLAY ............................................................................................................ 78

5.6 CALIBRATION ................................................................................................................ 79

6 REMOTE INTERFACE OPERATIONS............................................................................80

6.1 REMOTE INTERFACE CONFIGURATION ........................................................................ 80

6.1.1 USB Interface.............................................................................................80

6.1.2 GPIB Interface........................................................................................... 80

6.1.3 LAN Interface............................................................................................. 81

6.2 REMOTE INTERFACE COMMANDS................................................................................. 84

7 ERROR MESSAGES ...........................................................................................................94

7.1 COMMAND ERRORS ...................................................................................................... 95

7.2 EXECUTION ERRORS..................................................................................................... 96

7.3 DEVICE DEPENDENT ERRORS .................................................................................... 107

7.4 QUERY ERRORS .......................................................................................................... 108

7.5 INSTRUMENT ERRORS ................................................................................................108

7.6 SELF-TEST ERRORS ................................................................................................... 108

7.7 CALIBRATION ERRORS ............................................................................................... 109

7.8 ARBITRARY WAVEFORM ERRORS............................................................................... 110

APPENDIX............................................................................................................................... 113

A SPECIFICATION LIST .................................................................................................... 114

B REMOTE INTERFACE REFERENCE................................................................................. 120

B.1.1 Command Format Used in This Manual............................................... 120

B.1.2 Command Separators ................................................................................ 121

B.1.3 Using the MIN and MAX Parameters .................................................... 122

B.1.4 Querying Parameter Settings.................................................................. 122

B.1.5 SCPI Command Terminators ................................................................... 123

B.1.6 IEEE-488.2 Common Commands .......................................................... 123

B.1.7 SCPI Parameter Types............................................................................... 123

B.2 Output Data Formats................................................................................125

B.3 Command Reference................................................................................. 125

-- A to F --.................................................................................................................. 125

-- A -- ................................................................................................................125

-- B -- ................................................................................................................128

-- C -- ................................................................................................................131

-- D --................................................................................................................ 132

-- F --................................................................................................................. 137

-- I to O --.................................................................................................................. 147

-- I -- ................................................................................................................. 147

-- L --................................................................................................................. 148

-- M --................................................................................................................ 148

-- O --................................................................................................................150

-- P to Z --.................................................................................................................. 153

-- P --................................................................................................................. 153

-- R -- ................................................................................................................160

-- S -- ................................................................................................................160

-- T --.................................................................................................................163

-- U -- ................................................................................................................ 164

-- V -- ................................................................................................................165

-- W -- ............................................................................................................... 169

B.4 SCPI Compliance Information................................................................169

B.5 IEEE-488 Compliance Information.......................................................170

B.6 Using Device Clear to Halt Measurements........................................ 170

C. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................................ 172

D. APPLICATION PROGRAMS ........................................................................................... 173

1 General Information

This chapter contains general information about PICOTEST G5100A

Waveform Generator. The information includes:

z Feature Overview

z Warranty Information

z Precaution of Operation

z Upkeep of G5100A

z Safety Information

z Symbols and Terms

z Inspection

z Options and Accessories

You can contact Picotest Corp. via the following telephone number for warranty, service, or

technical support information.

Telephone: (886) 7-815-7183

Website http://www.picotest.com.tw

Or contact Picotest for more help by email.

Email: sales@picotest.com.tw

or info@picotest.com.tw

1.1 Feature Overview

G5100A offers:

z 50 MHz sine and 25 MHz square waveforms.

z 14-bits, 125 MSa/s, 256 k-point arbitrary waveforms.

z Pulse, ramp, noise, and dc waveforms.

z AM, FM, PM, FSK, and PWM modulation types.

z Linear and logarithmic sweeps and burst operation.

z Built-in external timebase (10MHz +/- 500Hz) synchronization.

z 16 bits pattern out with a synchronized clock (up to 50MHz).

z Connection via USB, LAN, and GPIB (optional).

z Graph mode for visual verification of signal settings.

z Store up to 4 waveforms in nonvolatile memory.

z Easy-to-use shortcut keys and knobs.

z Free and easy-to-use PC applications.

※ Note: Full G5100A specifications are included in Appendix A.

1.2 Warranty Information

If the equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer,

the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.

1. Warranty: PICOTEST CORP. guarantees that this product meets its

published specifications. Under correct installation it should work as

expected.

2. Warranty Period: This equipment is warranted against defects in

material and manufacturing for a period of one year from the date of

shipment. During the warranty period, PICOTEST is responsible for

necessary repairs as long as the product can be proved to be

defective.

For warranty service or repair this product must be returned to a

service facility designated by PICOTEST. Please contact your local

service representative for further assistance.

3. Excluded Items: This warranty does not include consumptive parts

such as fuses, buttons and relays. Neither does this warranty cover

defects caused by improper installation, improper or insufficient

maintenance, unauthorized modification, improper operation,

ignorance of environmental specifications or improper software or

interfacing.

4. Remarks:

z No other warranty is expressed or implied, except for the above

mentioned.

z The remedies provided herein are the buyer’s sole and exclusive

remedies. PICOTEST shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special,

incidental or consequential damages.

Limitation of warranty

1. Our warranties do not cover any damage resulting from unauthorized

modification or misuse.

2. Unless mentioned elsewhere in this document, our warranty does not

apply to fuses, probes, and problems arising from normal wear or

user’s failure to follow instructions.

3. Our warranties do not apply on any direct, incidental, special, or

consequential damages.

4. The above warranties are exclusive and no other warranty is

expressed or implied. Picotest disclaims any implied warranties of

MERCHANTABILITY, SATISFACTORY QUALITY, and FITNESS for any

particular reasons.

1.3 Precaution of Operation

z Please carefully read the manual before operating this device.

z This manual is for reference only. Please consult your local service

representative for further assistance.

z The contents of this manual may be amended by the manufacturer

without notice.

z Never dismantle the equipment by any unauthorized person, or

equipment may be damaged.

z The equipment has been strictly tested for quality before delivery

from our factory. However, this equipment must not be used in

dangerous situations where damage may result.

z This product should be placed in a safe area in case of unauthorized

use.

z The rear protective conduct terminal needs to be connected to the

actual earth ground or electrical shock may occur.

z The patent and the copyrights of the related documents for the

equipment belong to PICOTEST CORP., any reproduction would be

illegal.

1.4 Upkeep of G5100A

z Although G5100A waveform generator is very durable and weather

resistant, care should be taken not to expose it to severe impact or

pressure.

z Keep G5100A far from water and damp environment.

z Calibration will be taken every year. Please contact your local service

representative for more information.

z If the incorrect display or abnormal beeps occurred, you should stop

using the equipment at once.

z Do not use the waveform generator around explosive gas or

inflammable vapor.

z To clean the surface of the waveform generator, wipe it with a piece

of dry and clean cloth.

1.5 Safety Information

Caution! Please read through the following safety information

before using the product.

To avoid possible electrical shock or personal injury, please read and

follow these guidelines carefully:

z Follow the guidelines in this manual and DO NOT use the waveform

generator if the case is damaged. Check the case and terminals, and

make sure all the devices are in the proper positions.

z The waveform generator should be connected to the actual earth

ground to avoid electrical shock.

z Do not apply excessive voltage to the waveform generator. Apply

voltage within the rated range only.

z If you need to open the instrument case or replace any parts, follow

the instructions in this manual. You must be a qualified technician to

perform this action.

z The main power supply module contains a fuse rated 3.15A/250V.

When replacing the fuse (BUSSMANN F3.15A250V), use only the

same types and same rating as specified.

z Do not try to operate the waveform generator if it is damaged.

Disconnect the power from the equipment and consult the local

service representative. Return the product to Picotest service

department if necessary.

1.6 Symbols and Terms

This symbol indicates hazards that may cause damages to the

instrument or even result in personal injury.

This symbol indicates high voltage may be present. Use extra

caution before taking any action.

This symbol indicates the frame or chassis terminal presented need

to be connected to the actual earth ground.

This symbol indicates “Protective Conductor Terminal”.

Underwriters Laboratories

This symbol indicates earth (ground) terminal.

This symbol indicates this product complies with the essential

requirements or the applicable European laws or directives with

respect to safety, health, environment and consumer protections.

1.7 Inspection

Your product package is supplied with the following items:

z One G5100A waveform generator unit. [ 107(H) x 224(W) x 380(D)

mm, approx. 3.6Kg]

z One power cord

z One USB cable.

z One pattern generator cable

z One CD (including this electronic User's Manual and software

applications).

z Optional accessories as you ordered.

z GPIB interface card. (Optional)

The G5100A is provided with a Standard Test lead set, described below.

Test Lead Ratings:

IEC 61010-031 CAT III

Operating Voltage: 1000V DC

Current: 10 Ampers

UL/CE Rated

Material:

Probe Body: Outer Insulation-Santoprene Rubber.

Banana Plug: Body Brass, Nickel Plated Spring Beryllium Copper, Nickel Plated.

Insulation: Polypropylene Resin Flasme Retardant Grade 2038.

Others

If any part of the Test Lead Set is damaged, please do not use and replace with

a new set.

※ Warning: If users use the Test Lead Set without following the specification of

Picotest Corp., the protection of the Test Lead Set could be impaired. In

addition, please don’t use a damaged Test Lead Set against the instrument

break or personal injury.

1.8 Options and Accessories

The following options and accessories are available from Picotest for use

with G5100A. Please refer to Table 1-1.

Table 1-1 Accessory list.

Part Name Part Number

GPIB Card M3500A-opt04

2 Overview

This chapter prepares you for using the G5100A waveform generator.

You may want to check if you have all the parts with your waveform

generator first. All our products are handled and inspected professionally

before shipping out to our customers. If you find any damaged/missing

parts or have any doubts about the product, please contact your local

service representative immediately and do not attempt to operate the

damaged product.

2.1 To Adjust the Handle

You may adjust the carrying handle to suit your needs. The following

figures show you how to do it.

I. Taking off the handle from the Waveform generator

【Step 1】(Turn up the handle)

Pull slightly outward on both sides of the handle and slowly rotate it up as shown in Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1

【Step 2】(Pull out the handle)

When the handle is turned up to 90°, pull out the handle from the

waveform generator as shown in Figure 2-2.

Figure 1-2

Figure 2-2

Ⅱ. Adjusting the position for your convenience

Here are some example positions for different needs.

【Position 1】

The default position is for packing as shown in Figure 2-3.

Figure 2-3

【Position 2】

The adjusted position is for operation as shown in Figure 2-4.

Figure 2-4

【Position 3】

The carrying position is shown in Figure 2-5.

Figure 2-5

2.2 Factory Default Settings

Table 2-1 shows the factory default settings of G5100A when it is

powered on the very first time.

Table 2-1 Factory default settings

Parameters marked with a star ( ＊ ) are stored in non-volatile memory.

Output Configuration Default Setting

Function

Frequency

Amplitude/Offset

Output Units

Output Termination

Autorange

Modulation

Carrier

Mod. Waveform(AM)

Mod. Waveform(PM, FM, PWM)

Sine wave

1 kHz

100 mVpp/0.000Vdc

Vpp

50Ω

1 kHz Sine

(AM, FM, PM, FSK)

1 kHz Pulse

(PWM)

100 Hz Sine

10 Hz Sine

AM Depth

FM Deviation

PM Deviation

FSK Hop Frequency

FSK Rate

PWM Width Deviation

Modulation State

100%

100 Hz

180 degrees

100 Hz

10 Hz

10 μs

Off

Sweep

Start/Stop Frequency

Sweep Time

Sweep Mode

Sweep State

100 Hz/1 kHz

1 sec.

Linear

Off

Burst

Burst Count 1 Cycle

Burst Period 10 ms

Burst Start Phase 0 degree

Burst State Off

System-Related Operations

Power-Down Recall Disabled

Display Mode ON

Error Queue 0 errors

Stored States, Stored Arbs

Output State Off

Triggering Operations

Trigger Source Internal (Immediate)

Remote Interface Configuration

GPIB Address 10

DHCP On

IP Address 169.254.02.020

Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0

Default Getaway 0.0.0.0

DNS Server 0.0.0.0

Host Name None

Domain Name None

2.3 G5100A Operation Panels

8 7

12 13 14

Brief descriptions are provided in this chapter for all the connectors and

buttons on both front and rear panels of G5100A waveform generator.

2.3.1 Front Panel

Figure 2-6

1. Power

2. Graph/Local

3. Menu Operation Softkeys (in color grey)

4. Waveform selection keys

5. Modulation/Sweep/Burst keys

6. Store/Recall Menu Key

7. Utility Menu Key

8. Help Key

9. Knob

10. Cursor Keys

11. Manual Trigger Key

12. Output Key

13. Numeric Keypad

14. Sync output Connector

15. Main signal output Connector

※ Note: When using the Menu Operation Softkeys, make sure your

selection is highlighted after you press one of the softkeys.

2.3.2 Rear Panel

Figure 2-7

1. 10MHz In (External 10 MHz Reference Input) Connector

2. 10MHz Out (Internal 10 MHz Reference Output) Connector

3. Modulation In (External Modulation Input) Connector

4. Trig In/Out, FSK/Burst Connector

5. LAN Port

6. GPIB Connector(Optional)

7. USB Port

3 4

8. Digital Pattern Output / LVTTL

9. Power cord Connector

10. Vent

3 Common Operations

This chapter describes the basic operations and configurations that are

commonly used to set up a waveform output. Operations for outputting

specific waveforms are covered in chapter 4.

3.1 Graph Mode

Pressing the Graph button enables the graph mode. You can view the

waveform visually in the graph mode and change the waveform

parameters by using the knob and the cursor keys. The parameter values

that the knob can reach in the graph mode are limited due to resolution.

To fine-adjust the parameters, use the numeric keypad to input the

desired value or return to the menu mode. Press the Graph button again

to leave the graph mode and return to the menu mode.

Figure 3-1 menu mode

Figure 3-2 graph mode

3.2 Numerical/Alphabetical Entry

There are 12 buttons on the numeric keypad, two cursor keys and a

turning knob on the front panel provided for the numeric entry.

• Numerical entry-----When entering a numeric value, you can select

a desired value directly on the numeric keypad or use the cursor keys

to move the cursor on the display and increase or decrease the digit

by turning the knob.

When you use the numeric keypad, all the available units for the entry

will be shown on the display. Press the softkey under the desired unit

to finish the entry, or press Cancel to withdraw the changes.

• Alphabetical entry-----If you are asked to enter a string of

alphabetic letters, turn the knob until the desired letter appears on

the display. Use the cursor keys to move the cursor for entering next

letter or modify the letter previously entered. You may also use the

+/- key on keypad to delete the letter previously entered.

3.3 To Select Output Function

G5100A provides various output functionality:

• Standard waveforms: G5100A provides five standard

waveforms: sine, square, ramp, pulse and noise. The default

waveform output is sine wave.

• Arbitrary waveforms: There are additional five built-in arbitrary

waveforms available. Or you can create your own custom

waveform with Wavepatt software which came with the unit.

• Modulation: The waveform generator also provides modulation

for sine, square, ramp and arbitrary waveforms using AM, FM, PM,

or FSK. You can also use PWM to modulate pulse waveform.

• Frequency sweeping: Linear and logarithmic frequency

sweeping modes are available for sine, square, ramp and arbitrary

waveforms.

• Burst operation: The burst waveforms can be generated with

any one of the standard or arbitrary waveforms (except dc).

Front-panel Operation

To select a desired output function, press the corresponding button and

then set up related parameters as needed. Refer to Chapter 4 for setting

up each individual waveform type.

Remote Interface Operation

FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMP|PULSe|NOISe|DC|USER|PATTern}

You may also use the APPLy command to select the function, frequency,

amplitude, and offset in one shot.

Notes

• Frequency limitation: When the newly-selected function has a

smaller maximum frequency, the waveform generator will

automatically adjust the frequency from the old value to the new,

smaller maximum value.

• Amplitude limitation: When the newly-selected function has a

smaller maximum amplitude, the waveform generator will

automatically adjust the amplitude from the old value to the new

smaller maximum value. This may occur when the output units

are Vrms or dBm due to the differences in crest factor for the

various output functions.

3.4 To Set Output Frequency/Period

The current frequency setting comes from the factory default or a

previously set value. The steps for setting a new frequency are listed

below. If you need to set the period instead, press the Freq/Perd softkey

to toggle between frequency and period.

Figure 3-3 frequency setting

Figure 3-4 Period setting

Front-panel Operation

1. Select your desired function by pressing one of the function keys.

2. Press the softkey under Freq/Perd and make sure Freq is

highlighted (indicating the frequency mode is selected).

3. Use the numeric keypad or the knob with cursor keys to change

the value.

Remote Interface Operation

FREQuency {<frequency>|MINimum|MAXImum}

Notes

• Each waveform function has its own frequency range, but the

default frequency is 1 kHz for all functions. The table below lists

the frequency ranges for different functions:

Function Frequency Range

Sine 1 μHz ~ 50 MHz

Square 1 μHz ~ 25 MHz

Ramp 1 μHz ~ 200 kHz

Pulse 500 μHz ~ 10 MHz

Arbitrary 1 μHz ~ 10 MHz

• Frequency limitation: When you choose a new function and the

current frequency setting is larger than the maximum frequency

of the new function, the waveform generator will automatically

adjust the frequency to the smaller maximum value.

• Burst limitation: For internally-triggered bursts, the minimum

frequency is 2.001 mHz. For sine and square waveforms,

frequencies above 6 MHz are allowed only with an “infinite” burst

count.

• Duty Cycle Limitation: There are some limits on duty cycle for

square waveforms. When the frequency is greater than 10 MHz,

the range of the duty cycle is 40% to 60%. For other frequencies,

the range of the duty cycle is 20% to 80%. If you set an

out-of-limit duty cycle, the waveform generator will adjust

automatically to the maximum value of the duty cycle limit range.

3.5 To Set Output Amplitude

The default amplitude for all functions is 100 mVpp (into 50 ohms). The

procedure to set a new amplitude value is described as follows.

Figure 3-5

Front-panel Operation

1. Select your desired function by pressing one of the function keys.

2. Press the softkey under Ampl/High and make sure Ampl is

highlighted. Use the numeric keypad or the knob with cursor keys

to change the value.

Remote Interface Operation

VOLTage {<amplitude>|MINimum|MAXImum}

Use this command to set units:

VOLTage:UNIT {VPP|VRMS|DBM}

Notes

• Specifying a high (voltage) level and a low level (Section 3.7) is

equivalent to specifying amplitude and DC offset (Section 3.6).

For example, if you set the high level to +2 volts and the low level

to -3 volts, the resulting amplitude will be 5 Vpp, with an offset

voltage at -0.5 V.

Figure 3-6

Figure 3-7

• The default output unit is Vpp, but one may also choose from Vrms

and dBm. But the output unit cannot be set to dBm if the output

termination is set to “high impedance”. In such a case, the unit is

automatically reset to Vpp.

The unit setting is stored in volatile memory. The default unit (Vpp)

will be restored after a power-on cycle or a remote interface reset.

• Offset Voltage limitations: The value of output amplitude is

constrained by the equation below:

Vpp ≤ 2× ( Vmax - |Voffset| )

where Vmax is the maximum peak voltage allowed for the selected output termination (5 volts for a 50 Ω load or 10 volts for

a high-impedance load).

• Limits with Unit Selection: The output amplitude limits may be

affected by the output units selected. You may encounter this

when the units are Vrms or dBm due to the differences in crest

factor for the various output functions. For instance, if you output

a 5 Vrms square wave (into 50 ohms) and then change it to the

sine wave function, the waveform generator automatically adjust

the output amplitude to 3.536 Vrms, which is the maximum for

sine waves in Vrms.

• Output Termination Limits: When the Output Termination Setting

is changed, the Output Amplitude is automatically adjusted. For

instance, when you change the output termination from 50 ohms

to “high impedance”, your offset voltage doubles, thus it affects

your output amplitude, and when Output Termination has been

changed from “high impedance” to 50 ohms, the offset voltage

decreases by half.

• Arbitrary Waveform Limitations: For arbitrary waveforms, if the

data points do not span the full range of the output DAC

(Digital-to-Analog converter), the maximum amplitude will be

limited. For example, the built-in Sinc wave does not span the full

±1 range and thus its maximum amplitude is limited to 6.087 Vpp (into 50 Ω).

• While changing amplitude, you may notice a momentary

disruption in the output waveform at certain voltages due to

switching of the output attenuators. The amplitude is controlled,

however, so the output voltage will never exceed the current

setting while switching ranges. You may disable the voltage

autoranging to prevent this output disruption.

3.6 To Set DC Offset Voltage

The default DC offset voltage is 0 volt for all functions. To specify a

non-zero DC offset value, follow the steps below.

Front-panel Operation

1. Select your desired function by pressing one of the function keys.

2. Press the softkey under Vos/Low and make sure Vos is highlighted.

Use the numeric keypad or the knob with cursor keys to change

the value.

DC offset setting can also be changed from the Utility menu.

1. Press the Utility button.

2. Press the softkey under DC to toggle between DC ON and OFF.

Make sure ON is selected on the display. Use the numeric keypad

or the knob with cursor keys to change the value.

Remote Interface Operation

VOLTage :OFFSet {<offset>|MINimum|MAXImum}

Notes

• Specifying a high (voltage) level and a low level (Section 3.7) is

equivalent to specifying amplitude (Section 3.5) and DC offset.

For example, if you set the high level to +2 volts and the low level

to -3 volts, the resulting amplitude will be 5 Vpp, with DC offset at

-0.5 V.

•

Figure 3-8

• Limits with amplitude and output termination: DC offset value is

constrained by the equation below:

Vpp

Vmax Voffset −≤

where Vmax is the maximum peak voltage allowed for the selected output termination (5 volts for a 50 Ω load or 10 volts for

a high-impedance load).

If the specified dc offset is not valid, the waveform generator

automatically adjusts it to the maximum value allowed with the

specified amplitude.

•

Arbitrary Waveforms Limitations: For arbitrary waveforms, if the

waveform data points do not span the full range of output DAC

(Digital-to-Analog Converter), the maximum offset and amplitude

will be limited.

•

For dc volts, the output level is actually controlled by setting the

offset voltage. You can set the dc level to any value between ±5

Vdc into 50 ohms or ±10 Vdc into an open circuit.

3.7 To Set High-Level and Low-Level Bounds

Setting high-level and low-level bounds provides an equivalent way to

specifying amplitude and DC offset. The procedure is as follows.

Front-panel Operation

1. Select your desired function by pressing one of the function keys.

Press the softkey under Ampl/High to toggle and make sure the

High is highlighted. Use the numeric keypad or the knob with

cursor keys to change the value.

Press the softkey under Vos/Low to toggle and make sure Low is

highlighted. Use the numeric keypad or the knob with cursor keys

to change the value.

4. See Figure 3-6 and Figure 3-7 as sample displays.

Remote Interface Operation

VOLTage:HIGH {<voltage>|MINimum|MAXimum}

VOLTage:LOW {<voltage>|MINimum|MAXimum}

3.8 To Set Waveform Polarity

The default waveform polarity mode is Normal, in which the waveform

goes positive during the first part of the wave cycle. One may change it

to the Inverted mode where the waveform goes negative during the first

part of the wave cycle. To set the waveform polarity mode, follow the

steps below.

Front-panel Operation

• Press Utility button and then the softkey under Output Setup.

•

Press the softkey under NormInvt to toggle between Normal and

Inverted. Make sure your choice is highlighted.

•

Press the softkey under DONE to finish the selection.

Figure 3-9

Remote Interface Operation

OUTPut: POLarity {NORMal|INVerted}

Notes

• When a non-zero offset is used, the waveform is inverted relative

to the offset voltage, so the offset remains the same in the

inverted waveform.

•

When the waveform is inverted, the Sync signal associated with

the waveform is not inverted.

3.9 To Set Output Termination

A fixed series output impedance of 50 ohms to the front-panel

connector is set in G5100A by default. If the actual load impedance does

not match the value specified, the output amplitude and offset levels will

be incorrect. To change this setting, follow the steps below.

Front-panel Operation

1. Press the Utility button and then press the softkey under Output

Setup.

Make sure the Load softkey is highlighted. If not, press the softkey

to toggle. Use the numeric keypad or the knob with cursor keys to

change the value.

If you wish to choose high impedance, press the softkey under

Load to toggle and make sure High Z is highlighted.

Press DONE to finish the entry.

See Figure 3-9 as a sample display.

Output

Remote Interface Operation

Use this command for output termination setting:

OUTPut:LOAD {<ohms>|INFinity|MINimum|MAXimum}

Notes

• The range for Output Termination is from 1 ohm to 10k ohms, or

Infinite. The default is 50 ohms.

•

The output termination setting is stored in non-volatile memory

and it stays after power-off or a remote interface reset.

•

When the output termination is set to be “high impedance”, the

units is automatically set to be Vpp if dBm is previously selected.

3.10 To Enable/Disable Voltage Autoranging

The waveform generator by default turns on autoranging at power-on

and finds optimal settings for the output amplifier and attenuators. If

autoranging is turned off, G5100A uses the current amplifier and

attenuator settings. To enable/disable voltage autoranging, follow the

steps below.

Front-panel Operation

1. Press the Utility button and then the softkey under Output Setup.

Press the softkey under Rang to toggle between Auto and Hold for

auto-ranging setting.

Press the softkey under DONE to finish the selection.

Figure 3-10

Figure 3-11

Remote Interface Operation

VOLTage:RANGe:AUTO {OFF|ON|ONCE}

Notes

• While changing amplitude, you may notice a momentary

disruption in the output waveform at certain voltages due to

switching of the output attenuators. You may use disable the

voltage autoranging to prevent this output disruption.

•

With auto-ranging off, the resolution and accuracy of amplitude

and offset may be affected when reducing the amplitude below the

expected range change. And you may not be able to achieve the

minimum amplitude that is available when autoranging is on.

3.11 To Control Output Connector

G5100A output is controlled by the output button. The output is disabled

at power on by default to protect the equipment connected to G5100A.

Front-panel Operation

• To enable/disable ouput, press the Output button to toggle. The

Output button becomes lit when output is enabled.

Remote Interface Operation

OUTPut {OFF|ON}

Notes

• The Output is automatically disabled when an excessive external

voltage is applied to the Output connector on the front panel and

an error will be generated and the error message will be shown.

Remove the overload from the Output connector and enable the

Output again.

3.12 To Enabled/Disable Sync Out Signal

All the standard output functions, except dc and noise, can be associated

with a sync-out signal. It is outputted at the Sync connector on the front

panel.

Front-panel Operation

• To enable/disable the sync out signal, press the Utility button, and

then the Sync softkey to toggle the setting.

Figure 3-12

Figure 3-13

Remote Interface Operation

OUTPut:SYNC {OFF|ON}

Notes

• If the Sync connector is disabled, the output signal is at a logic

“low” level.

•

The Sync setting is stored in non-volatile memory, so it does not

change after power-off or a remote reset command is issued.

•

For Sine, ramp and pulse waveforms, the Sync signal is a square

waveform with a 50% duty cycle. The Sync signal is a TTL “high”

when the waveform output is positive, relative to zero volts

(discard the dc offset setting). The Sync signal is a TTL “low” when

the waveform output is negative, relative to zero volts (discard

the dc offset setting).

•

For Square waveforms, the Sync signal is a square waveform with

the same duty cycle.

•

For arbitrary waveforms, the Sync signal is a square waveform

with a 50% duty cycle. The Sync signal is a TTL “high” when the

first waveform point is outputted.

•

For internal-modulated AM, FM, PM, and PWM, the Sync signal is

aligned with the modulating waveform and is a square wave with

a 50% duty cycle. The Sync signal is a TTL “high” during the first

half of the modulating waveform.

•

For external-modulated AM, FM, PM, and PWM, the Sync signal is

aligned with the carrier waveform and is a square wave with a

50% duty cycle.

•

For FSK, the Sync signal is aligned with shifts in frequency. The

Sync signal is a TTL “high” during the output of the “hop”

frequency and “low” during that of the “carrier” frequency.

•

For frequency sweeps with Marker Off, the Sync signal is a square

wave with a 50% duty cycle. Th e Sy nc s ig na l is a T TL “hi gh” in th e

first half of the sweep and “low” in the second half. The frequency

of the sync signal is equal to the reciprocal of the sweep time. If

the Marker is enabled, the Sync signal setting will be ignored and

the Sync signal is a TTL “high” at the beginning of the sweep and

transitions to “low” at the marker frequency.

•

For a triggered burst, the Sync signal becomes a TTL “high” when

the burst is triggered. The Sync signal transitions to a TTL “low” at

the end of the specified number of cycles (may not be the

zero-crossing point if the waveform has a non-zero phase). If the

burst count is infinite, the Sync signal works the same way

described above for continuous waveforms.

•

If the burst generation is externally gated, the Sync signal starts

at a TTL “high” with the external gate signal. However, the sync

signal will not transition to a TTL “low” until the end of the last

cycle (may not be the zero-crossing point if the waveform has a

non-zero phase).

•

When the output waveform polarity is inverted, the associated

sync out signal is not affected.

3.13 To Restore the Factory Default Settings

To reset the waveform generator to its factory default settings, press

“Store/Recall” button and then choose “Set to Def” softkey. See Figure

3-12 and Figure 3-13. After choosing “Yes” to make confirmation, the

waveform generator has been restored to factory default settings.

Figure 3-14

Figure 3-15

For the default settings, please refer to Table 2.1 for G5100A factory

default settings.

To set the power-on state, please refer to Section 5.2 Storing the

instrument state.

4 Waveform Output Operations

This chapter describes each of the waveforms that G5100A provides and

also the detailed front-panel, menu and remote interface operations for

outputting the waveforms.

4.1 Sine Wave

How to generate a sine wave

1. The default waveform output of G5100A is sine wave. To select

sine wave while the current output function is not it, press the Sine

button to make the selection.

Refer to Chapter 3 for configuring common parameters, which

include frequency/period, amplitude and dc offset voltage.

To view the waveform parameters in the graph mode, press the

Graph button.

Figure 4-1

Remote interface operation

APPLy:SINusoid [<frequency>[,<amplitude>[,<offset>]]]

FUNCtion {SINusoid}

FREQuency {<frequency>

VOLTage {<amplitude>

VOLTage:OFFSet {<offset>

︱MINimum︱MAXimum}

︱MINimum︱MAXimum }

4.2 Square Wave

A square wave consists of instantaneous transitions between two voltage

levels. The

each cycle during which the wave is at the high level (assuming that the

waveform is not inverted):

How to generate a square wave

1. Press the Square button to select the square wave function.

Refer to Chapter 3 for configuring common parameters, including

Press the softkey under DutyCycle for configuring the value.

Use the knob with the cursor keys to change the value, or

Use the numeric keypad to enter a desired value and then press

To view all the waveform parameters, press the Graph button.

duty cycle of a square wave represents the amount of time in

DutyCycle = (Time Interval at High Level) / Period x 100%

frequency/period, amplitude and dc offset voltage.

the softkey under % to finish the entry or the softkey under Cancel

to cancel the changes.

Figure 4-2

Remote interface operation

APPLy:SQUare [<frequency>[,<amplitude>[,<offset>]]]

FUNCtion {SQUare}

FREQuency {<frequency>

VOLTage {<amplitude>

VOLTage:OFFSet {<offset>

FUNCtion:SQUare:DCYCle {<percent>

Notes

• The default value for duty cycle is 50% and will be restored after

power off or a remote interface reset as the setting is stored in

︱MINimum︱MAXimum}

︱MINimum︱MAXimum }

volatile memory.

•

When you change the output function from square wave to

another, the previously-set duty cycle is remembered and will be

resumed when square wave is re-selected.

•

For square waves with frequency higher than 10 MHz, the range of

the duty cycle is from 40% to 60%, and for square waves with

lower frequency, the range of the duty cycle is from 20% to 80%.

•

If you change frequency to a new value with which G5100A cannot

produce the current duty cycle, it will automatically adjust the

duty cycle to the closest possible value for the new frequency.

•

When square wave is selected as the modulating waveform, the

duty cycle is fixed at 50%. The duty cycle setting applies to

square wave carrier waveform for AM, FM, PM or PWM.

4.3 Ramp Wave

A ramp wave is a triangle waveform with adjustable symmetry.

Symmetry represents the percentage of time in a cycle when the ramp

wave is rising (assuming that the waveform polarity is not inverted). The

default symmetry is 100%.

How to generate a ramp wave

1. Press the Ramp button to select the output function.

Refer to Chapter 3 for configuring common parameters, including

frequency/period, amplitude and dc offset voltage.

Press the softkey under Symmetry for configuring the value.

Use the knob with the cursor keys to change the symmetry setting.

Or use the numeric keypad to enter a new value and then press

the softkey under % to finish the entry or the softkey under Cancel

to withdraw the changes.

Press the Graph button to view all the waveform parameters.

Figure 4-3

Remote interface operation

APPLy:RAMP [<frequency>[,<amplitude>[,<offset>]]]

(The command generates ramp wave with 100% symmetry)

FUNCtion {RAMP}

FREQuency {<frequency>

VOLTage {<amplitude>

VOLTage:OFFSet {<offset>

︱MINimum︱MAXimum}

︱MINimum︱MAXimum }

FUNCtion:RAMP:SYMMetry {<percent>|MINimum|MAXimum}

Notes

• Symmetry value is stored in volatile memory so the default setting

(100%) will be restored after power-off or a remote interface

reset.

•

When you change the output function from ramp wave to another,

the previously-set symmetry is remembered and will be resumed

when ramp wave is re-selected.

•

The symmetry setting does not apply to the case where ramp

wave is used as the modulating wave for AM, FM, PM, or PWM.

4.4 Noise Waveform

How to generate a noise wave

1. Press the Noise button to select the output function.

Refer to Chapter 3 for configuring common parameters such as

amplitude and dc offset voltage for noise wave.

Press the Graph button to view all the waveform parameters.

Figure 4-4

Remote interface operation

APPLy:NOISe [<frequency︱DEF>[,<amplitude>[,<offset>]]]

FUNCtion {RAMP}

VOLTage {<amplitude>

︱MINimum︱MAXimum }

VOLTage:OFFSet {<offset>︱MINimum︱MAXimum }

Notes

• In the APPL:NOIS command, the frequency parameter has no

effect, but you still need to specify a value or “DEFault” for it.

4.5 Pulse Waveform

A pulse waveform consists of a period, a pulse width, an ascending edge

and a descending edge. The parameters are described further below.

Pulse Period / Frequency

The default pulse period is 1 ms (or 1kHz in frequency), and the

allowable value is ranged from 100 ns to 2000s (or 10 MHz down to

0.5mHz in frequency). Pulse period constrains the other parameters with

the following equation:

PulsePeriod ≥ PulseWidth + 1.6 x EdgeTime

The waveform generator adjusts the other parameters when needed to

accommodate the given pulse period.

Pulse Width

The pulse width represents the time from the 50% point of the ascending

edge to the 50% point of the following descending edge. pulse width is 100 μs, and the possible value is ranged from 20 ns to

2000s. The actual allowable range is determined as follows:

1.6 x EdgeTime ≤ PulseWidth ≤ PulsePeriod − 1.6 x EdgeTime Wmin ≤ PulseWidth ≤ PulsePeriod − Wmin

where Wmin is the minimum allowable value determined by the following

conditions on PulsePeriod:

The default

Wmin

200

ns,

μs,

⎧ ⎪

⎪

⎨ ⎪ ⎪

⎩

≤

10sdPulsePerio if

≤<

100sdPulsePerio 10s if

≤<

1000sdPulsePerio 100s if

dPulsePerio 1000s if

If the specified value for PulseWidth is outside of the allowable range, the

waveform generator will automatically adjust it to accommodate the

given pulse period.

Edge Time

The edge time represents the time from the 10% point to the 90% point

of an ascending or descending edge. The default edge time is 5 ns, and

the possible value is ranged from 5 ns to 100 ns, with the following

constraint on the maximum allowable value:

EdgeTime ≤ 0.625 x PulseWidth

G5100A will alter the edge time when needed to accommodate the

specified pulse width.

Pulse Duty Cycle

Specifying pulse duty cycle is another way to define a pulse wave than

specifying pulse width. Pulse duty cycle is defined as follows:

DutyCycle = PulseWidth / PulsePeriod x 100%

If the specified pulse duty cycle conflicts with the specified pulse width or

vice versa, the most recently specified pulse duty cycle or pulse width will

be accepted over the other. The default duty cycle is 10%, and the

acceptable range is from 0% to 100%, with the following constraints:

DutyCycle ≥ Wmin / PulsePeriod x 100%

DutyCycle ≤ (1.0 - Wmin / PulsePeriod) x 100%

where Wmin is the minimum allowable value for pulse width defined in

the previous section on pulse width. The waveform generator will adjust

it to accommodate the given pulse period.

How to generate a pulse wave

1. Press the Pulse button to choose pulse wave output.

Refer to Chapter 3 for specifying the common parameters,

including frequency/period, amplitude and dc offset voltage.

Press the softkey under Width/Duty to Toggle between setting

pulse width or duty cycle.

Use the knob with the cursor keys to change the value. Or use the

numeric keypad to enter a new value and then press the softkey

under % to finish the entry or the softkey under Cancel to

withdraw the changes.

Press the softkey under Edge Time and then follow step 4 to enter

your desired value for both edges.

Press the Graph button to view all the waveform parameters.

Figure 4-5

Remote interface operation

APPLy:PULSe [<frequency>[,<amplitude.[,<offset] ]]

Or use the following commands for setting parameters of your pulse

waveform:

FUNCtion{PULSe}

FREQuency {<frequency>

VOLTage {<amplitude>

VOLTage:OFFSet {<offset>

PULSe:PERiod {<seconds>|MINimum|MAXimum}

FUNCtion:PULSe:WIDTh {<seconds>|MINimum|MAXimum }

FUNCtion:PULSe:DCYCle {<percent>|MINimum|MAXimum }

FUNCtion:PULSe:TRANsition {<percent>|MINimum|MAXimum }

︱MINimum︱MAXimum }

4.6 Arbitrary Waveform

G5100A waveform generator provides five built-in arbitrary waveforms

and up to four user-defined arbitrary waveforms that are stored in

non-volatile memory. The built-in waveforms are exponential-rise,

exponential-fall, negative-ramp, sinc, and cardiac. The default arbitrary

waveform is an exponential-rise wave.

For each user-defined waveform, one may create up to 262,144 (256k)

points from the remote interface. If you choose an arbitrary waveform as

the modulating waveform for AM, FM, PM, or PWM, the waveform is

automatically limited to 4k points and the extra points will be removed by

decimation.

User-defined waveforms

G5100A supports user-definded waveforms. You may use the Wavepatt

waveform and pattern editor to create the waveforms you want or import

the waveforms from the oscilloscope that you captured previously. For

more information on the user-defined waveforms, please refer to the

on-line help of

Wavepatt.

How to output a built-in arbitrary waveform

1. Press the Arb button to choose arbitrary waveform output.

Press the softkey under Select Wform and then the softkey under

Built In.

Choose the desired waveform from the five built-ins by pressing

the corresponding softkey.

Refer to Chapter 3 for configuring frequency/period, amplitude

and dc offset voltage.

Press the Graph button to view all the waveform parameters.

Figure 4-6

Figure 4-7

Figure 4-8

Remote interface operation

FUNCtion USER {EXP_RISE | EXP_FALL | NEG_RAMP | SINC | CARDIAC}

Remote interface operation

DATA:DAC VOLATILE, {<binary block>|<value>, <value>, …}

DATA VOLATILE, <value>, <value>, …

FORMat:BORDer {NORMal

DATA:COPY <destination arb name> [,VOLATILE]

DATA:CATalog?

DATA:NVOLatile:CATalog?

DATA:NVOLatile:FREE?

DATA:ATTRibute:AVERage? [<arb name>]

DATA:ATTRibute:CFACtor? [<arb name>]

DATA:ATTRibute:POINts? [<arb name>]

DATA:ATTRibute:PTPeak? [<arb name>]

︱SWAPped}

4.7 Amplitude Modulation

Amplitude modulation provides a waveform in which the amplitude of the

carrier waveform varies with the modulating waveform.

Carrier Waveform

The default carrier waveform is sine. One may also choose from square,

ramp and arbitrary waveforms but not pulse, noise and dc waveforms.

The default carrier frequency is 1kHz for all waveforms. Each carrier

waveform has its own acceptable range of frequencies. Refer to the table

in Section 3.4 “To Set Output Frequency/Period” for details.

Modulating Waveform

G5100A accepts either internal or external modulating source but not

both at the same time. The default source is internal, and the default

internal modulating waveform is sine wave. For internal source, one may

also choose from square with 50% duty cycle, URamp (Up or Positive

Ramp with 100% symmetry), DRamp (Down or Negative Ramp with 0%

symmetry), triangle (ramp with 50% symmetry), noise and arbitrary

waveforms. If an arbitrary waveform is chosen, the number of points in

the waveform is limited to 4k points with an automatic decimation

process. The default frequency for internal modulating waveform is

100Hz, and the acceptable range is from 2 mHz to 20 kHz.

When external source is selected, the carrier waveform is modulated

with an external waveform present at the

Modulation In connector on the

rear panel.

Modulation Depth

The modulation depth controls the magnitude of the amplitude variation

of the modulation output. It is defined as the following formula:

ModulationDepth = (MaxAmplitude – MinAmplitude) / Amplitude x 100%

where Amplitude is the specified amplitude of the carrier waveform;

MaxAmplitude and MinAmplitude are the maximum and minimum

amplitudes of the resulting modulation waveform. G5100A is so

designed that when Modulation Depth is 0%, the amplitude of the

modulation waveform stays at half of the specified amplitude of the

carrier waveform. As a result, MinAmplitude may be negative when

ModulationDepth is larger than 100%. The default Modulation Depth is

100% and the allowable range is from 0% to 120%.

When external source is selected as the source of modulating waveform,

the modulation is controlled by the specified modulation depth and the

±5v signal levels of the external waveform. When the external waveform

is at +5v, the amplitude of the output will reach MaxAmplitude. When

the external waveform is at -5v, the amplitude of the output will reach

MinAmplitude.

Note that the modulation output of G5100A will not exceed ±5V peak

(into a 50-ohm load) even if the modulation depth is greater than 100%.

How to set up amplitude modulation

1. Press one of the following function buttons to choose your carrier

waveform: Sine, Square, Ramp, Arb. Specify all the necessary

waveform parameters for the carrier waveform as described in

Section 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 4.6.

Figure 4-9

Press the Mod button to toggle on the modulation output.

Press the softkey under Type and press the softkey under AM to

select amplitude modulation. An amplitude modulation output will

be generated with the current parameters.

Press the softkey under Src to toggle between internal source (Int)

and external source (Ext) for selecting modulating waveform

source.

If internal source is selected:

Press the softkey under Shape to toggle between different

types of modulating waveform. If arbitrary waveform (Arb) is

selected as modulating signal source, the modulating signal

source is depending on the previous waveform selection in

arbitrary function. One may toggle the Mod key to see the

arbitrary modulating waveform message that temporarily

displayed on the screen.

Press the softkey under AM Freq and use numeric keypad or

the knob with the cursor keys to set the desired modulating

frequency.

Press the softkey under AM Depth and use numeric keypad or the

knob with the cursor keys to set the modulation depth.

Press the Graph button to view all the waveform parameters.

Remote interface operation

Use these commands to output an amplitude modulation waveform:

FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMp|USER}

FREQuency {<frequency>︱MINimum|MAXimum}

VOLTage {<amplitude>

VOLTage:OFFSet {<offset>

AM:INTernal:FUNCtion

{SINusoid|SQUare|RAMp|NRAMp|TRIangle|NOISe|USER}

AM:INTernal:FREQuency {<frequency>

AM:SOURce {INTernal|EXTernal}

AM:STATe ON

Notes

• Only one type of modulation can be activated at one time. When

amplitude modulation is enabled, the previously selected

modulation is automatically disabled.

Amplitude modulation cannot be enabled with sweep or burst

•

mode at the same time. When amplitude modulation is enabled,

sweep or burst mode will be disabled.

︱MINimum|MAXimum}

4.8 Frequency Modulation

Frequency modulation provides a waveform in which the frequency of

the carrier waveform varies with the modulating waveform.

Carrier Waveform

The default carrier waveform is sine. One may also choose from square,

ramp and arbitrary waveforms but not pulse, noise and dc waveforms.

The default carrier frequency is 1 kHz for all waveforms. Each carrier

waveform has its own acceptable range of frequencies. Refer to the table

in Section 3.4 “To Set Output Frequency/Period” for details.

Modulating Waveform

G5100A accepts either internal or external modulating source but not

both at the same time. The default source is internal, and the default

internal modulating waveform is sine wave. For internal source, one may

also choose from square with 50% duty cycle, URamp (Up or Positive

ramp with 100% symmetry), DRamp (Down or Negative ramp with 0%

symmetry), triangle (ramp with 50% symmetry), noise and arbitrary

waveforms. If an arbitrary waveform is chosen, the number of points in

the waveform is limited to 4k points with an automatic decimation

process. The default frequency for internal modulating waveform is 10Hz,

and the acceptable range is from 2 mHz to 20 kHz.

When external source is selected, the carrier waveform is modulated

with an external waveform present at the

Modulation In connector on the

rear panel.

Frequency Deviation

The frequency deviation represents the peak variation in the frequency

of the modulation output based on that of the carrier waveform. The

default value is 100 Hz. Each type of carrier waveform has a different

acceptable range as follows:

Sine: 1μHz to 25.05 MHz(at carrier frequency = 25.05 MHz).

•

Square: 1μHz to 12.55 MHz(at carrier frequency = 12.55 MHz).

•

Ramp: 1μHz to 150 kHz(at carrier frequency = 150 kHz).

•

Arbitrary: 1μHz to 5.05 MHz(at carrier frequency = 5.05MHz).

•

In addition, the maximum allowable value is constrained by the following

two conditions:

The frequency deviation must not be greater than the carrier

•

frequency.

The sum of frequency deviation and the carrier frequency must

•

not be greater than the maximum frequency of the selected

carrier waveform plus 100 kHz; that is, 50.1 MHz for sine,

25.1MHz for square, 300 kHz for ramp, and 10.1 MHz for arbitrary

waveforms.

If a value is set greater than one of the above constraints, G5100A will

automatically adjust it to the maximum value allowed.

When external source is selected as the source of modulating waveform,

the modulation is controlled by the specified frequency deviation and the

±5v signal levels of the external waveform. When the external waveform

is at +5v, the output will reach positive maximum frequency deviation;

e.g., 100 kHz increase from carrier frequency if the specified frequency

deviation is 100 kHz. When the external waveform is at -5v, the output

will reach negative maximum frequency deviation; e.g., 100 kHz

decrease from carrier frequency if the specified frequency deviation is

100 kHz.

How to set up frequency modulation

1. Press one of the following function buttons to choose your carrier

waveform: Sine, Square, Ramp, Arb. Specify all the necessary

waveform parameters for the carrier waveform as described in

Section 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 4.6.

Figure 4-10

Press the Mod button to toggle on the modulation output.

Press the softkey under Type and press the softkey under FM to

select frequency modulation. A frequency modulation output will

be generated with the current parameters.

Press the softkey under Src to toggle between internal source (Int)

and external source (Ext) for selecting modulating waveform

source.

If internal source is selected:

Press the softkey under Shape to toggle between different

types of modulating waveform. If arbitrary waveform (Arb) is

selected as modulating signal source, the modulating signal

source is depending on the previous waveform selection in

arbitrary function. One may toggle the Mod key to see the

arbitrary modulating waveform message that temporarily

displayed on the screen.

Press the softkey under FM Freq and use numeric keypad or

the knob with the cursor keys to set the desired modulating

frequency.

Press the softkey under FreqDev to set the frequency deviation if

needed. Use numeric keypad or the knob with the cursor keys to

enter your value.

7. Press the Graph button to view all the waveform parameters.

Remote interface operation

Use these commands to output a frequency modulation waveform:

FUNCtion {SINusoid|SQUare|RAMp|USER}

FREQuency {<frequency>

VOLTage {<amplitude>

VOLTage:OFFSet {<offset>

FM:INTernal:FUNCtion

{SINusoid|SQUare|RAMp|NRAMp|TRIangle|NOISe|USER}

FM:INTernal:FREQuency {<frequency>MINimum|MAXimum}

FM:DEViation {<peak deviation in Hz>

FM:SOURce {INTernal|EXTernal}

FM:STATe ON

Notes

• Only one type of modulation can be activated at one time. When

frequency modulation is enabled, the previously selected

modulation is automatically disabled.

Frequency modulation cannot be enabled with sweep or burst

•

mode at the same time. When frequency modulation is enabled,

sweep or burst mode will be disabled.

︱MINimum|MAXimum}

︱MINimum|MAXimum }

4.9 Phase Modulation

Phase modulation provides a waveform in which the phase of the carrier

waveform varies with the modulating waveform.

Carrier Waveform

The default carrier waveform is sine. One may also choose from square,

ramp and arbitrary waveforms but not pulse, noise and dc waveforms.

The default carrier frequency is 1 kHz for all waveforms. Each carrier

waveform has its own acceptable range of frequencies. Refer to the table

in Section 3.4 “To Set Output Frequency/Period” for details.

Modulating Waveform

G5100A accepts either internal or external modulating source but not