miniMODUL-537
Hardware Manual
Edition November 1993
A product of a PHYTEC Technology Holding company
miniMODUL-537
In this manual are descriptions for copyrighted products that are not explicitly
indicated as such. The absence of the trademark () and copyright () symbols
does not imply that a product is not protected. Additionally, registered patents and
trademarks are similarly not expressly indicated in this manual.
The information in this document has been carefully checked and is believed to be
entirely reliable. However, PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH assumes no
responsibility for any inaccuracies. PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH neither gives
any guarantee nor accepts any liability whatsoever for consequential damages
resulting from the use of this manual or its associated product. PHYTEC
Meßtechnik GmbH reserves the right to alter the information contained herein
without prior notification and accepts no responsibility for any damages which
might result.
Additionally, PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH offers no guarantee nor accepts any
liability for damages arising from the improper usage or improper installation of
the hardware or software. PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH further reserves th e right
to alter the layout and/or design of the hardware without prior notification and
accepts no liability for doing so.
Copyright 2001 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH, D-55129 Mainz.
Rights - including those of translation, reprint, broadcast, photomechanical or
similar reproduction and storage or processing in computer systems, in whole or
in part - are reserved. No reproduction may occur without the express written
consent from PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH.
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order@phytec.de
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1 (800) 278-9913
info@phytec.com
1 (800) 278-9913
support@phytec.com
2nd Edition November 1993
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2
Contents
Information for the miniMODUL-537.......................................................1
1 Introduction .........................................................................................1
2 Installation and Setting into Operation.............................................3
2.1 The Serial Interface ......................................................................4
2.2 The RESET...................................................................................5
2.3 The PC/AT Communication-Program..........................................5
2.4 Malfunctioning of the PC/AT.......................................................6
2.5 Installation of User-Programs on the miniMODUL-537 .............6
3 Pin Configuration................................................................................7
4 Memory Configuration and Address-Decoding.............................19
4.1 Standard-Memory-Configuration...............................................19
4.2 Von-Neumann-Memory-Configuration......................................20
4.3 The Individual Memory-Configurations ....................................20
4.4 External Extensions with more Memory-Chips.........................20
4.4.1 Application of an External DIL-EPROM......................21
4.4.2 Application of an EEPROM..........................................21
4.5 Address Decoding.......................................................................22
4.6 Hints for Memory Utilization.....................................................22
4.7 The Power-On-Jump-Option......................................................23
4.7.1 The Realization of User Programs in
Power-On-Jump-Mode..................................................24
4.7.2 Program Example..........................................................24
5 Jumper Description...........................................................................25
5.1 Jumper for Address Selection.....................................................26
5.2 Jumper for Controller Pre-Configuration ...................................29
5.3 Jumper for Power-Down-Operation...........................................30
5.4 Jumper for Connection of the Interface Driver ..........................31
6 The Serial Interfaces .........................................................................33
6.1 The Special-Function-Register of SERIAL0..............................33
6.2 The Baud Generator of SERIAL0..............................................34
6.3 The Special-Function-Register of SERIAL1..............................36
6.4 The Baudrate-Generator of SERIAL1........................................37
6.5 The Connection to the Interface Driver......................................37
6.5.1 Connections of the RS-485-Interface Pre-Configured..38
6.5.2 Connections of the RS-232-Interface Pre-Configured..38
6.5.3 The Pin Assignment of the Interface for the
miniMODUL-537..........................................................39
Contents
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2
miniMODUL-537
6.6 General Remarks for RS-232 and RS-485 Interfaces ................39
6.6.1 RS-232 Interface ...........................................................39
6.6.2 RS-485-Interface...........................................................40
6.7 Changing from RS-232 to RS-485 Standard..............................40
6.8 Program Example for the Serial Interface..................................41
6.8.1 Program for SERIAL0 ..................................................41
6.8.2 Program for SERIAL1 ..................................................42
7 RAM-Write-Protection and Battery Back-up................................43
7.1 Function of the Battery Buffering and Write Protection............44
7.2 Hints for the Utilization of the Battery Buffering......................45
8 The External Watchdog-Timer and the Power-Fail-Option ........47
8.1 The External Watchdog-Timer...................................................47
8.2 The Watchdog- and RESET-Time-Base....................................48
8.3 Application of the Power-Fail-Input (PFI ..................................48
9 A/D Converter of the SAB80C537...................................................49
10 The RESET-Signal............................................................................51
11 The Optional Real-Time-Clock RTC72421....................................53
11.1 Selection of the RTC..................................................................53
11.2 Programming of the Clock .........................................................54
11.3 The Standard Pulse-Option ........................................................54
11.4 Description of the Control-Bits..................................................55
Index............................................................................................................57
Index of Figures
Figure 1: Dimensions of the miniMODUL-537 ..........................................2
Figure 2: Pin Connection .............................................................................7
Figure 3: The terminals of the miniMODUL-537 .....................................18
Figure 4: Jumper ........................................................................................31
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2
Information for the miniMODUL-537
For the standard Version of this module with EPROM from 0000H
(plain Monitor-Mode or user machine program) the diode besides
JP2/JP7 at the bottom side of the circuit board sh ould not be instal led.
This is only required in combinatio n with our Monitor-Basic. To make
possible a change of the module, this diode is soldered only at one end
for a redesign of the layout, except if there are no demands from you
otherwise.
Therefore there is no defect of our product because the diode is
soldered only at one end.
Information
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2
miniMODUL-537
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2
1 Introduction
The miniMODUL-537 from PHYTEC is a universal microcontroller
board of credit-card size for applications in measuring and
Control Engi neering.
The miniMODUL-537 with the microcontroller SAB80C537 is an
additional member of the credit-card size minicomputer series from
PHYTEC. The predecessors of this product are the miniMODUL-535
with the SAB80C535 microcontroller from Infineon and the
miniMODUL-552 with the microcontroller 80C552 from
VALVO/PHILIPS. All controllers are b ased on th e architecture of th e
8051 microcontroller family and have in general compatible
instruction sets. As developing tools, all assembler and compiler for
the 8051-family can be applied.
Introduction
All those processors contain considerable extensions of the integrated
peripherals as there are interfaces, timer, A/D converter and parallel
ports. The external components like RAM, ROM, Real-Time Clock,
decoder, battery back-up and monitor are already available on the
miniMODUL-537 with modern SMD technique.
The miniMODUL-537 is a complete microprocessor-system with
versatile peripheral functions, and the necessity to develop a digital
microprocessor system for the application hardware can be avoided.
The miniMODUL-537 is plugged on to the application hardware,
which might be not very exte nsive, like a “big chip”.
The favorable cost-performance ratio liberates you from development,
design and test of a digital system.
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 1
miniMODUL-537
For the 8051-family various assembler and compiler are available on
the market. PHYTEC offers for simple programming of the module a
Basic-interpreter and a monitor program. In the simplest instance only
a terminal is required, since the interface drivers are already
implemented. With the help of a PC the up/downloading of programs
is possible during the test phase. In combination of user PC-software
with C51, A51 and DSCOPE51 efficient program developing is
possible.
Figure 1: Dimensions of the miniMODUL-537
2 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
2 Installation and Setting into Operation
The miniMODUL-537 requires a stabilized supply voltage of 5 V. The
current consumption is less 100 mA. Please employ only reliable
voltage regulators (for example 7805), since overvoltages might be
produced by bad power supplies or laboratory power supplies with
adjustable voltage, and damage the module. The connections of the
supply voltage are found in diagonal corners of the module. The
printing on the board designates GND with ’-’ and VCC with ’+’.
The following pins are connected to VCC or GND:
A1, A2, B1, B2 - VCC
A63, A64, B63, B6 4 - GND
Installation and Setting into Operation
The connection of one point is suffi cient for example VCC to A1 and
GND to B1.
The supply voltage should not decrease below 4.8 V. Otherwise a
reset might automatically be triggered, which stops all operations. In
case of problems, check if the supply voltage is to low. Also short
voltage fluctuations have to be con sidered.
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 3
miniMODUL-537
2.1 The Serial Interface
If an EPROM was installed by the manufacturer, usually all jumpers
are configured properly. In order to communicate with our Monitorprogram or Monitor-Basic, the connections of the RS-232 interface
A45, A47 with a terminal or PC/AT are required. Those programs
don’t use handshake-lines, since they are operating with XON/XOFF
protocol. Connect the RS-232-input A45 with the RS-232-output of
your PC/AT or terminal and the RS-232-output A47 with the
corresponding input of the terminal or PC/AT. The standard RS-232
connection is especially designated on the printing of the circuit board.
The arrows symbolize the flow of the signals. Don’t forget the
GND-connection for example to A63.
The standard baud rate is 9600 baud. The transmission format is
8 data bit, no parity, one start bit and one stop b it.
In case of malfunctioning, check if RxD and TxD are exchanged. With
a usual voltage meter you can measure, if at the TxD-connection a
negative voltage between –7 V ..-12 V against GND is found. RxD
has a voltage of 0 V against GND.
Please connect always TxD with RxD and RxD with TxD. If
sometimes the transmission is failing, the GND-line might be
connected in the wrong way.
4 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
2.2 The RESET
Installation and Setting into Operation
The RESET is activated automatically at turn on. For an unfavorable
increase of the supply voltage eventually a manual RESET might be
required. Trigger this RESET by shorting the adjacent connections
A61 (/RESIN) and A63 (GND). Please maintain this connection for at
least half a second. The manual RESET doesn’t produce a cont inuousRESET, but equidistant RESET-pulses. A continuous-RESET is
achieved by the conn ection of A34 with GND. The conn ection should
not be bouncing. In order to recognize the connections easily, A61 and
A63 are signed with a square.
2.3 The PC/AT Communicatio n-Program
Your PC/AT doesn’t notify the RS-232-interface, as long as no
corresponding program is started.
In order to display data from the miniMODUL-537 and to enter data
via the RS-232 interface, a communication program has to be started
on a PC/AT. Therefore we include the program MONTERM in the
software package of Monitor and Monitor-Basic. The invocation of
this program is achieved by the following command:
MT <cr> ; for 9600 baud
MT BAUDRATE (19200) <cr> ;for other baud rates (19200 baud)
After the start of MONTERM and a RESET of the miniMODUL-537
the message of the installed software should be displayed on the
screen.
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 5
miniMODUL-537
2.4 Malfunctioning of t he PC/AT
For the utilization of other PC-communication-programs as
MONTERM we don’t guarantee proper operation.
The miniMODUL-537 is only malfunctioning, if despite correct
jumper setting and with our standard EPROMs no output can be
observed at TxD of the miniMODUL-537 after a RESET. In case of
problems, check the signal with an oscilloscope at point A47.
The reason for no operation might be either a bad cable or
PC-interface or PC-software. A simple method to check the operation
of the PC is to connect TxD and RxD of the PC before the
miniMODUL-537 was separated. Actuation of a key at the PC will
result in the echo of th is key displayed at the screen of the P C .
2.5 Installation of User-Programs on the miniMODUL - 537
When installing user-programs on the module, pay attention to the
correct configuration of the jumpers, which are mostly found on the
back-side of the module. Those jumpers select the address regions, the
access mode and the chip-type for RAM, EPROM and eventually
EEPROM. Select the jumpers according to the description found in
section 5. The serial interfaces with RS-232 and RS-485 standard are
already connected from the controller to the corresponding ports. If
the port pins should be used for other purposes those conductor stripes
have to be cut. More detailed information of the serial interfaces is
found in section 6.
6 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
3 Pin Configuration
Pin Configuration
Figure 2: Pin Connection
The miniMODUL-537 has two connecting strips A and B with
64 connections each. Here all connections for supply voltages, digital
signals and some control-lines are found. The analog-inputs and
reference voltages are positioned in the connecting stripe C. The pins
with uneven number are at the outside and the pins with even number
are at the inside.
The supply voltages GND and VCC are applied in diagonal on two
corners of the board. The printing on the board designates VCC by ’+’
and GND by ’-’. For uncriti cal applicati ons, VCC and GND ha ve to be
connected only once.
All signals with few exceptions are positioned efficiently and packed
analog to their function in the connection stripe. The printing on the
board shows lines to indicate the different functions and help to
recognize the proper connections of the ports. Bit 0 is signed with a
point ’.’. For detailed positioning of the remaining signals use the pin
assignment diagram.
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 7
miniMODUL-537
Often used connections, like the serial interface 0, the RESET-input
and the RS-485-connections are espec ially signed with a quadrangle
The connections in detail
In the following, connections with the supplement ’TTL’ have
TTL level, but must not coincide in every respect to the TTL standard.
Notice, that the parallel ports have a characteristic output curve, which
differs from TTL-outputs. More information is found on page 61 of
the controller manual.
The supply voltage
A1, 2 and B1, 2 Supply voltage VCC of 5.0 V
A63,64 and B63,64 Digital Gro und
A42 Battery voltage in put 3 V
A32 Battery voltage ou tput 3 V/ 5 V
C01..C21 Analog-GND VAGND
C23 Analog-reference voltage VAREF
Data-address bus
More detailed information of the performance, loading capacity and
DC-characteristic can be depicted from the INFINEON controller
manual of the SA B80C537, starting on page 61 an d 336 respectively.
B10..B03 D0..D7 Data bus
B18..B11 A0..A7 Address bus low
B19,..,B26 A8..A15 Address bus high Attention counting!
8 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
The general controller ports
More detailed information of the performance, loading capacity and
DC-characteristic can be depicted from the INFINEON controller
manual of the SA B80C537, starting on page 61 an d 336 respectively.
A30..A23 Port 1 (Ext. interrupts, timer 2-control)
A15..A22 Port 3 (Ext. int., timer 0/1-control, SERIAL0,/RD,/WR )
A03..A10 Port 4 (Compare-unit)
B52..B45 Port 5 (Concurrent-compare-unit)
B55..B62 Port 6 (AD-converter, SERIAL 1)
C10..C24 Port 7 (Analog-inputs AN00..AN07)
C02..C08 Port 8 (Analog-inputs AN08..AN10)
Pin Configuration
The exact pin assignment of the ports and their alternative functions
are described in the controller manual page 68 and the corresponding
sections.
Decoder-Control-Signals
The decoder-control-signals are only relevant in case an external
decoder is connected, which replaces the module-internal minimum
decoder.
B42 XROM ROM Decoder-selection
Input:open if no external address decoder to /XOEROM and
/XCEROM should be connected. Status LOW switches off the
module internal selection of the EPROM U11.
B41 /XOEROM ROM Output_Enable
Input/Output active LOW. Can be connected to an external address
decoder. For this purpose XROM must be connected permanently or
temporarily to LOW.
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 9
miniMODUL-537
A58 ROM A15 ROM A15
Input: Can be wired from outside for special purposes. Then jumper
JP9 must be open.
B38 XRAM2 RAM 2 (U12)-Decoder selection
Input:Open, if no external address decoder should be connected to
/XCERAM2. Status LOW switches off the modules internal
selection of RAM U12.
B37 /XCERAM2RAM 2 (U12) Chip-Enable
Input/Output active LOW. Can be connected to an external address
decoder. For this purpose XRAM2 must be connected permanently or
temporarily to LOW.
B40 XRAM1 RAM 1 (U13)-Decoder selection
Input:Open, if no external address decoder should be connected to
/XCERAM1. Status LOW switches off the module internal
selection of RAM U13.
B39 /XCERAM1RAM 1 (U13) Chip-Enable
Input/Output active LOW. Can be connected to an external address
decoder. For this purpose XRAM1 has to be connected permanently or
temporarily to LOW.
B43 XCEROM
Input/Output active LOW. Can be connected to an external address
decoder. For this purpose XROM has to be connected permanently or
temporarily to LOW.
10 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
Clock-Control-signals
A60 STDPStandardpulse of the optional Real-Time Clock
Output active LOW. Pulse 1/60 sec cycle, second cycle, minute cycle
or hour cycle. More information are taken from the data sheet
section 11 of the Real-Time Clock.
A59 /CSRTC Chip-Enable of the optional Real-Time Clock
Input active LOW. Can be connected with a vacant controller port or
an external address decode r.
RS-232-Driver connections
Pin Configuration
A47 T10 TxD 0 (Transmitter 1 Output)
Output for RS-232 for the serial interface SERIAL 0 of the
SAB80C537.
A41 T1I Transmitter 1 Input
Input: Already connected to TxD0 of the controller. For other utiliza-
tion, cut the connection with TxD0.
A45 R1I RxD 0 (Receiver 1 Input)
Input for RS-232 for the serial interface SERIAL0 of the SAB80C537.
A44 R10 Receiver 1 Output
Output:Already connected with RxD0 of the controller. For other
utilization, cut the connection with RxD0.
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 11
miniMODUL-537
Free RS-232-Driver connections
The following connections of the RS-232-driver chip are at one’s
disposal. They can be used for the second serial interface SERIAL1 or
for handshake-signals.
A49 R3I (RS-232) A50 R30 (TTL)
A55 R2I (RS-232) A54 R20 (TTL)
A45 R1I (RS-232) A44 R10 (TTL)
A56 T40 (RS-232) A52 T4I (TTL)
A48 T30 (RS-232) A51 T3I (TTL)
A46 T20 (RS-232) A43 T2I (TTL)
RS-485-Driver connections
B29 RS-485_VCC
Voltage supply for the RS-485-Driver chip. Can be switched on/off
externally if the c onnection is cut.
B31 RS-485-signal B
B33 RS-485-signal A
Inputs/Outputs that are the complementary data-signals to RS-485. For
connections with up to 31 othe r modules, don’t exchange A and B.
B30 D Transmit-data-input (TTL)
Already connected with TxD 1 at B57 (port 6.2)
For the utilization for other purposes of this driver please cut the
connection B30-B5 7.
12 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
B32 R Receive-data-output (TTL)
Already connecte d with RxD 1 to B56 (port 6.1)
For other applications of this driver please cut the connection
B32-B56.
B34 /R Inverse receive-data-output (TTL)
Already connected with A17 (port 3.2, /INT 0) for PHYNET.
For other applications of P3.2 open JP6.
B36 /RE RS-485-Receiver_Enable
Input:Already connected with B52 (port 5.0) for PHYNET.
For other applications of P5.0 cut connection B36-B52.
Pin Configuration
B35 /DE RS-485 Transmit-Enable
Input:Already connected with B51 (port 5.1) for PHYNET.
For other applications of P5.1 cut conne ction B35-B51
General Control signals
A57 ALE Address-Latch_Enable, see controller manual
A31/ PSEN Program_Store_Enable,see controller manual
A22/ RD (Port 3.7) see controller manual
A22/ WR (Port 3.6)see controller manual
A36/ WRO Write_Out
(Write-pulse unbuffered, can be turned-off)
Output active LOW. This signal corresponds to the /WR-signal, but
can be disabled by a RESET or the M-DIS-function. For missing
supply volta ge this signal has no voltage.
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 13
miniMODUL-537
A37/ PWR Protected_Write (Write-pulse buffered, can be tur ned off)
Output active LOW. This signal corresponds to the /WR-signal, but
can be disabled by a RESET of the M-DIS-function. For missing
supply voltage, this signal has battery voltage and can therefore be
used for external component s with battery buffering.
A61 /RESIN RESET-Input
Input active LOW. A connect ion wi th GND fo r about .5 sec. triggers a
RESET-pulse. Permanent connection causes a cyclic RESET-pulse
series of 1.6 sec duration. This input is not appropriate to stop the
controller for the duration of the activation of /RESIN.
A34 /RES RESET-Input/Output
Input/Output active LOW. This bi-directional connection might be
connected to GND. For the du ration of this connection the controller
remains in the status of a con ti nued RESET. The actuation of the /RES
should be bounce free. The slope of rising edge depends on the load
capacity.
A33 RES RESET-pulse output
Output active HIGH. This sign al p rovid es t he inv erse RESET-p ulse of
/RES.
Attention:
An external RESET by wiring of A35 (/RES) doesn’t generate a signal
at A33. Only the RE SET-pulses triggered by A61 w ill be present.
A13 BRESBattery-supplied RESET-signal
Output active HIGH. This signal is the inverse of /RES.
14 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
If battery-back up is available, the signal is connected to the battery
voltage during missing supply voltage VCC.
This output should not be loaded to much and can cause a quick
discharge of the battery in case of unfavorable e xternal circuits.
A14 RES 2 RESET-signal without battery back-up
Output active HIGH. This signal is the inverse of /RES, as long as
VCC is within the tolerated voltag e range. If the supply voltage VCC
is failing, this connection doesn’t provide a valid signal. A discharge
of the external battery is not possible.
A40 LOWLIN Voltage-Failure Signal
Output: This signal is HIGH, as soon as the supply voltage drops
below the limit of 4.6 or 4.8 V. It is LOW, as soon as the supply
voltage is above this limit. This output should not be loaded very
much, since the battery buffering might be disturbed.
Pin Configuration
A12 /OFF Memory-De-selection-Signal
Output active LOW. This signal gives rise to the de-selection of the
volatile memory and disables a write signal during turn-on procedure
of the supply voltage VCC. This signal can be used for external components, but should not be loaded extensively.
A11 M-DIS Memory-Disable
Input active HIGH. This signal can be used for the de-selection of the
volatile memory. (Power-Down). As long as this input is LOW, only
the failure of the supply voltage will cause a de-selection. If this input
is wired, the co nnection at JP5 has to be removed.
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 15
miniMODUL-537
A53 RS-DIS RS-232-Disable
Input active LOW. This signal is used to turn-off the RS-232 driver
chip and can also be applied for sensitive applications to reduce the
current.
B27 B0 Bank-Select 0
B28 B1 Bank-Select 1
Inputs:If a 128 kByte-RAM is installed in U13 the highest address bits
are provided and can be connected with the appropriate port
connections.
A39 PFI Power-Fail-Input
A38 /PFO Power-Fail-Output
Input:This signal can be used to recognize be ginning power failures of
the power supply. The output /PFO can be utilized to create an
interrupt.
A69 /WDP Watchdog-Pulse
A35 /WDO Watchdog-Output
/WDP is an input. Cyclic signal alterations within one second at /WDP
don’t trigger a RESET. The failing of these pulses entails a RESET
and a signal at output /WDO. /WDP should be ope n if not used.
B54 /PE Power-Down_Enable, Start_Watchdog
The input is already connect ed with GND and influences the controller-internal watchdog-timer and blocks the power-down-mode. Please
read the controller manual from INFINEON for more information. If
this input should be connecte d externally, cut the connection at J4.
16 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
The listing of the module-te rminals already connected
In order to operate the miniMODUL-537 with a minimum of external
connections, the serial interfaces of the controller are already
connected with the driver-chips. The conducting-stripes are close to
the edge of the circuit board and are easily cut.
Terminals of the RS-485-interface already conne cted:
B29 VCC485 with B01 (VCC)
B30 (D) with B57 (TxD1, Port 6.2)
B32 (R) with B52 (RxD1, Port 6.1)
B34 (/R) with A17 (INT0, Port 3.2) w ith jumper JP6
B35 (DE) with B51 (Port 5.1)
B36 (/RE) with B52 (Port 5.0)
Pin Configuration
Terminals of the RS-232-interface already conne cted:
A44 (R10) with A15 (Port 3.0, RxD)
A41 (T1I) with A16 (Port 3.1, TxD)
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 17
miniMODUL-537
Figure 3: The terminals of the miniMODUL-537
18 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
4 Memory Configuration and Address-Decoding
4.1 Standard-Memory-Configuration
The miniMODUL-537 allows different memory configurations, which
depend on the memory chips and on some jumper settings. In general
the memory chips are selected in blocks of 32 kByte. Chip-enable
signals with a finer partitioning is not possible with the decoder of the
module. This can be achieved with an external chip.
Despite of the simple, module-internal address-decoding, the
miniMODUL-537 doesn’t restrict the address decoding for special
applications. By the possibility to turn off the module-internal
decoding externally, you are absolutely free for your own address
decoding. On request we program PALs, GALs and EPLDs according
to customer specifications.
Memory Configuration and Address-Decoding
The standard installation is 32Kbyte RAMs and 0 or 32 kByte
EPROMs. The maximum EPROM capacity is 64 kByte. The
maximum RAM capacity is a 128K*8 SRAM in U13. (Available
according to the manufacturer in the middle of 1991). U13 is prepared
for this RAM chip. The RAM is accessed in one of the four 32 kByte
memory banks. The bank-selection is achieved by the two external
connections B0 and B1, which can be connected to arbitrary port pins.
With the maximum capacity in U12 a total maximum of 160 kByte
RAM can be installed.
Optional in U12 also a 8/32 kByte EEPROM can be installed.
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 19
miniMODUL-537
4.2 Von-Neumann-Memory-Configuration
The data-memory in U12 and U13 is independent from the
program-memory U11, since the controller selects separately both
memory types with the control signals /PSEN and /RD, /WR. For
special applications the RAMs U12 and U13 can be selected as dataor program-memory (Von Neumann-Model). The program-memory
selected in the RAM must be subtracted from the capacity available in
the EPROM. The configuration of both RAMs as data- or programmemory is selected by jumper JP11. The connection of the
/RD-terminal of the RAM with the signal /VN results in the combined
data- program-memory. The connection with /RD allows only
data-memory access to the corresponding RAM. The following
section describes the jum per-configurations in more detail.
4.3 The Individual Memory-Configurations
The miniMODUL-537 has only the address-decoder A15.
Nevertheless other memory-configurations are possible. For this
purpose few external components or a special PAL/PLD have to be
connected, which can be delivered by us. The miniMODUL-537 has
separate control inputs, which can be used to turn off the address
decoder of the module. Then external CE-signal determine the
memory configuration. Besides the access-mode and the addressing
range also other adjustments have to be made, which depend on the
utilization of the component s.
4.4 External Extensions with more Memory-Chips
An additional po ssibility has als o to be mentioned: b y external wiring
more memory chips or other peripherals can be connected to the
data/address bus. The required control signals are easily externally
produced by standard components or an external PLD. Since all bus
and control signals are externally completely available, the connection
of an external EPROM in DIL-housing , a DUAL-Port RAM or other
peripherals is very easy accomplished.
20 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
4.4.1 Application of an External DIL-EPROM
If the application of an EPROM with LCC-housing is not possibl e, a
standard EPROM with DIL-housing and up to a capaci ty of 64 kByte
can be connected externally. In this case no EPROM is installed in
U11. All control and bus signals of the LCC-EPROM-socket of the
module are conducted outside. As control-line use B41 (/XOEROM)
and (/XCEROM) or externally produced control signals.
4.4.2 Application of an EEPROM
Independently if an EEPROM is used in U12 or an external EPROM
is employed, t he following hints should be observed:
Use only VCC for the supply voltage. Don’t forget to adjust U12 with
jumper JP12 to VCC (battery might be discharged. )
Memory Configuration and Address-Decoding
Pay attention for 8 kByte-EEPROMs to pin 1. For some chips this is
a Ready/Busy-Output, which disturbs the function of A14. In this case
pin 1 should not be connected with A14. Also consider, that JP14 has
to be open.
Some EEPROM chips consume considerable current at the /WR-input,
pin 27. This causes a quick discharge of the battery for the RAM and
Real-Time Clock. Therefore don’t use the write-signal /PWR for
EEPROMs. Also the controller signal /WR is not appropriate, since
for this controller-family the write-signal is on GND u nt il th e transient
recovery voltage of the syst em-clock is stable. Otherwis e overwriting
during the turn on procedure would be caused. Please use the writesignal /WRO. U12 can be adjusted with JP15 to this mode.
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 21
miniMODUL-537
4.5 Address Decoding
The memory chips are selected by address-bit A15. The access-mode
to the EAM (data- program-memory or mere data-memory) is chosen
by the jumpers JP11a and JP11b. The address range of the RAM is
selected by jumper JP7a and JP7b.
The address decoding is determined by the jumpers JP7,JP11 and JP8.
U10 allows the turning off of the module-internal decoding and JP9
the ’Power-On-Jump’ to the address 8000H.
The externally controlled signal-drivers of U10, which can be turned
off, can drive separately U11,U12 and U13. The signal XROM
disables the selection of the module of CS_ROM and OE_ROM.
XRAM1 influences the selection of RAM1 in U13 and XRAM2 the
selection in RAM2 i n U12.
In the case that the signals XROM, XRAM1 and XRAM2 are open or
HIGH, the module-internal decoder is active. As soon as those signals
are LOW, the corresponding inputs are floating, which allows the
utilization of an external decoder.
4.6 Hints for Memory Utilization
The SAB80C537 separates data- and program-memory. By
appropriate address decoding both memory types can be combined in
one physical memory chip. The miniMODUL-537 is very flexible for
the memory -configurations, memory-types and their application.
For save operation we want to give the following rec ommendations.
Operable machine-programs should be stored in their final version in
the EPROM. Despite battery back-up a bit could be missing by
external influence with the result, that the program doesn’t operate
anymore, which even the wat c h dog-ti mer can not prevent. Th e s torage
in the EPROM is always the safest method.
22 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
For the storage in RAM or EEPROM, of remote transmitted programs
to the miniMODUL-537, a program-kernel and an error-recognition
and error-treatment concept should be available in the EPROM.
As long as the access-time to the EEPROM is not less than 200 ns, the
machine-program should not be operated from the EEPROM. The
duration of one command-cycle of the SAB80C537 is about 215 ns
for 12 MHz.
4.7 The Power-On-Jump-Option
This option allows the storing of the program during testing in the
address region of the RAM, where finally the EPROM is installed.
This makes easy the handling of interrupt-vectors, which are stored in
the program-memory in the region 100H. This feature is used by our
combined Monitor-Basic. It is advisable not to start those programs at
0000H, but at 8000H. Nevertheless to allow a program-start after a
RESET, special precautions have to be taken for hard- and software.
Memory Configuration and Address-Decoding
The hardware-RESET resets the Power-On-Flipflop U9. This selects
the EPROM in the region starting at 0000H and its content is reflected
from 8000H to 0000H. Other memory-chips are disabled for this
operation. The first machine cycle must be a LJMP 8xxxH. With this
command the jump is realized.
With the first command-cycle to an address higher or equal to 8000H
the Power-On-Flipflop is set. Therefore the EPROM is selected only
as program-memory for addresses higher than 8000H. Below 8000H
the RAM is free available.
Please consider the special note for the installation in section 5
’Jumper Descripti on’ concerning D8. For layout v ersions later 1021.2
this note is obsolete.
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 23
miniMODUL-537
4.7.1 The Realization of User Programs in Power-On-Jump-
Mode
User programs can be stored for test-purposes with Monitor-Basic
starting at 0000H. Only for transiti on to an EPROM the fo llowing has
to be observed:
The program must be linked to addresses higher/equal 8000H. The
first machine command of the program at the address 8000H is LJMP
8xxxH. 8xxxH is the cold-start point of the user program.
Programming of the maximum 32 kByte EPROM starts at the physical
address 0000H. This address is at 8000H during the program operation
and in the memory region of the controller. For this reason a special
address-setting command of the EPROM-programmer has to be used,
otherwise the programmer tries to program to the address8 000H which
doesn’t exist or gives a n error message.
4.7.2 Program Example
ORG 8000H ;(or absolute in the Link-Batchfile)
LJMPSTART *** ; position for vectors, tables etc. ***
ORG 8xxxH ;(or stated in the Link-Batchfile)
START ; Start of the program
24 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
5 Jumper Description
In order to be flexible wi th the miniMODUL-537 a series of jumpers
are installed. Those determine the application of various memory
chips, the memory-configuration, some controller adjustments, interface connections and control functions for the Power-Down-operation.
In the following the jumpers and their functions are listed:
JP1 Influences the tim e-consta nt of the monitor-chip
JP2 Selection of the controller external program-
memory U11
JP3 Oscillator-Watchdog-Enable
(See controller manual SAB80C537)
JP4 PD-Enable, Watchdog-Inhibit
JP5 Memory-Disab le. Already connected to GND
JP6 RS-485-Interrupt
JP7 RAM-address-selection
JP8 ROM-address-selection
JP11 For the selection of the RAM-memory type
U12/U13
JP14 For switching-off of the RS-232-driver. Already
connected to operation
JP9,JP10 EPROM-type selection. Alrea dy connected for
32 kByte-type EPROM.
JP12,JP13,JP15 RAM/EEPROM-selection for U12
Jumper Configuration
The jumper JP2, JP3, JP4, JP5, JP9, JP10, JP13 and JP14 are already
connected. For modifications please cut the connections of the copper
conducting stripes.
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 25
miniMODUL-537
5.1 Jumper for Address Selection
The following statements for the memory-configurations refer only to
the module-internal address-decoding. They don’t represent a
restriction for the application of the module. You are always able to
choose any memory-configuration for your application, by the
utilization of ex ternal address decoders.
JP7a and JP7b RAM-address selection for U12 and U13
For jumper 7 A15 or /A15 is sel ect ed as /CE-s ignal fo r RAM U1 2 and
U13. Those jumpers are positioned before driver U10, which can be
switched off, so that their position is ineffective for the external deselection by XRAM1 and XRAM2.
The connection with A15 selects the range 0000H..7FFFH.
The connection with /A15 selects the range 8000H..FFFFH.
For the configuration of the jumpers use the jumper-diagram.
JP11a and JP11b program/data memory selection for U 12 and U13
With jumper 11, /RD or /VN is used to connect the data with the
databus. In the position to /RD only data-memory access is possible.
For the position to /VN the corresponding RAM is selected as
program-memory. It is obvious, that the address region of the region
selected as program-memory can not be selected for the EPROM.
26 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
JP12, JP13 and JP15 RAM/EEPROM-selection for U12
In U12 a RAM or EEPROM with a maximum of 32 kByte can be
installed. Corresponding is the configuration of the three jumpers.
Please use the following table:
Installed RAM EEPROM
JP12 Connection with VCC or VPD
Connection with VCC
JP13 Connection Don’t connect for 8K-EEPROM
JP15 Connection with /PWR
Connection with /WRO
Please pay attention to the jumper diagram.
Jumper Configuration
JP8 EPROM-address selection for U11
Jumper JP8 allows different addressing modi for the EPROM U11.
The middle pads are connected. They should ne ver be separated.
Connection of the middle pad of JP8 with GND
The EPROM U11 is always selected as program-memory.
Data-access to U11 is not possible. To read text files use the
machine-command MOVC.
The RAM/EEPROM can be selected only as mere data-memory.
The connection of the middle pad of JP8 to A15
The EPROM U11 is selected only in the addressing range
0000H..7FFFH as mere program-memory. Data-memory access to the
EPROM is not possible. To read text files from the EPROM use the
machine command MOVC. The RAM/EEPROM can be selected in
this range only as mere data-memory. In the range 0000H..7FFFH the
RAM can be selecte d as combined program/data-memory.
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 27
miniMODUL-537
Connection of the middle pad of JP8 with POJ
With this configuration the Power-On-Jump option is selected. After
the program start, the EPROM U11 is selected only in the range
8000H..FFFFH. However after a RESET automatically a jump is
executed to this region. For address 0000H no machine-program is
necessary, since the EPROM is reflected temporarily to 0000H. Please
pay attention to the hints in the separate section of this topic.
Important Note (only for layout-version 1021. 2):
Selecting the POJ-mode, a change of the installation of diode D8 is
required. D8 is found adjacent to JP7, above the printing of JP2. The
cathode (blue ring) is at the side of the neighboring diod e.
Please install t his diode, in case that you use th e POJ-mode.
Please remove this diode, if you select a different mode.
We reserve us the right to sol der this diode on on e or both ends t o the
circuit board corresp onding to the ord er. A lat er redesign of the circu it
board layout will add an additional jumper for this purpose.
If you will have no RAM-access, despite proper program start at
8000H, you might have forgotten to remove the diode D8.
JP9 and JP10 EPROM-Type selection
JP9 and JP10 determine the type of the EPROM installed in U11. This
jumper is found at the component side of the circuit board and is
already connected for a 32 kByte EPROM. For an externally
connected EPROM this setting is meaningless.
Those jumper select the signals A14,A15 and VPP for 8, 16, and
32 kByte EPROM. Please use the jumper diagram, where all possible
configurations are indicated.
28 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
5.2 Jumper for Controller Pre-Configurat ion
JP2, JP3 and JP4 Co ntroller pre-configuration
With these jumpers controller-internal pre-configurations are made,
which are described in the controller manual.
JP2 /EA selec tion internal/exter nal program
Already connected with GND. As long as this jumper is connected
with GND, program-memory access is executed also below 2 000H of
the program-memory U11. A change is necessary only for
mask-programmable controllers.
JP3 Oscillator-Watchdog-Enable
Jumper Configuration
Already connected with GND. Please pay attention to the description
found in the controller manual.
JP4 /PE-SWD Power-Down and Watchdog-Enable
Already connected with GND. Please pay attention to the detailed
description in the controller manual.
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 29
miniMODUL-537
5.3 Jumper for Power-Down-Operation
JP5 Memory-OFF
Already connected to GND. For applications which temporarily
require low power-consumptions, the memory of the
miniMODUL-537 can be deselected by external wiring of the M-DIS
connection. If this is not required, jumper JP5 remains in its position,
otherwise the con nections have to be removed carefully.
JP14 RS-232-Disable
Already connected to GND. For applications, which temporarily
require low power-consumption, the interface driver U4 of the miniMODUL-537 can be deselected by external wiring of the connection
RS-DIS. If this is not required, jumper JP14 remains in its position,
otherwise the connection has to removed carefully.
30 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
5.4 Jumper for Connection of the Interface Driver
The standard interfaces SERIAL0 and SERIAL1 are already
connected with easy to cut conduction stripes adjacent to the edge of
the circuit board. Only for the operation of the RS-485 interface with
the software of PHYNET the jumper JP6 at the top of the circuit
board has to be closed.
JP6 RS-485-interrupt for PHYNET
For the standard-configuration open. Is only used for the operation
with PHYNET.
Jumper Configuration
Figure 4: Jumper
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 31
miniMODUL-537
32 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
6 The Serial Interfaces
One of the most used components of the controller-peripherals are the
serial interfaces which are described in the following. Even so the
SAB8053x controllers are compatible to the higher version of the
8031-family, there is one difference in the generation of the baud rate.
For the attempt to employ 8031-software, this should be re cognized.
The controller SAB80C537 has two asynchronous, serial interfaces
SERIAL0 and SERIAL1, which can be programmed separately and
operated with different baud rates at the same time. Both interfaces
can transmit and receive simultaneously. The interfaces can be polled
by software or operated with interrupts.
The function of the interfaces is adjusted with a set of
special-function-registers (SFR), which are mentioned short at this
point. The detailed description is found in the controller manual
section 7.2 beginning at page 72.
The Serial Interface
6.1 The Special-Function-Register of SERIAL0
S0CON Controller register
Serves for mode-selection, for the determination of
the transmission format and contains the important
status bits RI0 (RI) and TI0 (TI)
S0BUF Data-buffer register
Stores the data-byte to be received or transmitted. In
reality one transmission and one reception buffer
exists.
BD Bit for the baud ra te generator selection
This bit is found as an exception in the SFR
AD-CON of the analog-digital converter. The bits
can be addressed. To generate the baud rate the fixed
baud rate generator or timer 1 can be used.
SMOD Bit for the determination of the division ratio of the
baud rate. Setting this bit, doubles the baud rate. It is
found in the register PCON and is not bit
addressable.
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 33
miniMODUL-537
6.2 The Baud Generator of SERIAL0
For the serial interface SERIAL0 the internal baud generator can be
selected by setting bit BD. This requires a system-clock cycle of
12 MHz. The baud rates 4800 and 9600 are possible depending on the
bit SMOD.
For other baud rates timer 1 has to be used as baud generator. Then
this timer can not be used anymore during the data transmission for
other purposes.
Timer 1 is used as baud generator, as long as bit BD is not set. For this
version timer 1 must be also initialized and started. For these purposes
the registers TMOD, TCON and TH1 are available. As an example we
refer to the following assembler program. To generate proper baud
rates the system-clock frequency must be appropriate. The standard
frequency of timer 1 is 11.059 MHz.
For deviating frequencies calculations have to be done according to
the computation rules in the controller manual, if the required baud
rates can be generated with the gradation which is necessary for the
reload-register TH1. In the fol lowing you find a table with all p ossib le
baud rates for the standard frequency of 12 and 11.059 MHz.
The controller versions with 16 MHz can be operated for SERIAL1 at
9600 and 4800 baud. For SERIAL0 no sufficient accurate adjustment
for this baud rate at 16 MHz is possible.
34 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
Table of the baud rate for the frequencies 12 and 11.059 MHz.
Baud rates for f=12 MHz Baud rates for f=11.059 MHz
TH1 SMOD=0 SMOD=1 TH1 SMOD=0 SMOD=1
255 31250.00 62500.00 255 28799.48 57598.96
254 15625.00 31250.00 254 14399.74 28799.48
253 10416.67 20833.33 253 9599.83 19199.65
252 7812.50 15625.00 252 7199.87 14399.74
251 6250.00 12500.00 251 5759.90 11519.79
250 5208.33 10416.67 250 4799.91 9599.83
249 4464.29 8928.57 249 4114.21 8228.42
248 3906.25 7812.50 248 3599.93 7199.87
247 3472.22 6944.44 247 3199.94 6399.88
246 3125.00 6250.00 246 2879.95 5759.90
245 2840.91 5681.82 245 2618.13 5236.27
244 2604.17 5208.33 244 2399.96 4799.91
243 2403.85 4807.69 243 2215.43 4430.69
242 2232.14 4464.29 242 2057.11 4114.21
241 2083.33 4166.67 241 1919.97 3839.93
240 1953.13 3906.25 240 1799.97 3599.93
239 1838.24 3676.47 239 1694.09 3388.17
238 1736.11 3472.22 238 1599.97 3199.94
237 1644.74 3289.47 237 1515.76 3031.52
236 1562.50 3125.00 236 1439.97 2879.95
235 1488.10 2976.19 235 1371.14 2742.81
234 1420.45 2840.91 234 1309.07 2618.13
233 1358.70 2717.39 233 1252.15 2504.30
232 1302.08 2604.17 232 1199.98 2399.96
231 1250.00 2500.00 231 1151.98 2303.96
230 1201.92 2403.85 230 1107.67 2215.34
229 1157.41 2314.81 229 1066.65 2133.29
228 1116.07 2232.14 228 1028.55 2057.11
227 1077.59 2155.17 227 993.09 1986.17
226 1041.67 2083.33 226 959.98 1919.97
225 1008.06 2016.13 225 929.02 1858.03
224 976.56 1953.13 224 899.98 1799.97
223 946.97 1893.94 223 872.71 1745.42
222 919.12 1838.24 222 847.04 1694.09
221 892.86 1785.71 221 822.84 1645.68
220 868.06 1736.11 220 799.99 1599.97
219 844.59 1689.19 219 778.36 1556.73
218 822.37 1644.74 218 757.88 1515.76
217 801.28 1602.56 217 738.45 1476.90
The Serial Interface
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 35
miniMODUL-537
216 781.25 1562.50 216 719.99 1439.97
215 762.20 1524.39 215 702.43 1404.85
214 744.05 1488.10 214 685.70 1371.40
213 726.74 1453.49 213 669.76 1339.51
212 710.23 1420.45 212 654.53 1309.07
211 694.44 1388.89 211 639.99 1279.98
210 679.35 1358.70 210 626.08 1252.15
209 664.89 1329.79 209 612.75 1225.51
208 651.04 1302.08 208 599.99 1199.98
207 637.76 1275.51 207 587.74 1175.49
206 625.00 1250.00 206 575.99 1151.98
205 612.75 1225.49 205 564.70 1129.39
204 600.96 1201.92 204 553.84 1107.67
203 589.62 1179.25 203 543.39 1086.77
202 578.70 1157.41 202 533.32 1066.66
201 568.18 1136.36 201 523.63 1047.25
200 558.04 1116.07 200 514.28 1028.55
6.3 The Special-Function-Register of SERIAL1
S1CON Control Register
Serves for the mode selec tion, for the determination of the
transmission format and contains the important status bits
RI1 and TI1.
S1BUF Data-buffer register
Stores the data-byte to be received and transmitted. In
reality a transmission and reception buffer exists.
S1REL baud rate register
The content of those registers determine the baud rate of
SERIAL1. For 12MHz system-clock frequency a range of
1.5 KBaud to 3 75 KBaud can be covered.
36 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
6.4 The Baudrate-Generator of SERIA L1
The separate baud rate generator of SERIAL1 can be set to the required baud rate by the register S1REL. For 12 MHz system-clock
frequency the region is positioned in a way, that all standard baud
rates can be configured. Antiquated low baud rates can not be realized
with 12 MHz. The region of adjustable baud rat es is within the range
of 1.5 KBaud to 375 KBaud. The exact computational rules are found
on page 82 in the controller manual. For deviating frequencies
calculations have to be done according the computation rules in the
controller manual, if the required baud rates can be generated with the
gradation, which i s necessary for the baud rate register S1REL.
The controller versions with 16MHz system-clock frequency can be
operated for SERIAL1 at 9600 and 4800 baud. For SERIAL0 no
sufficient accurate adjustment for the baud rate at 16 MHz is possible.
The Serial Interface
6.5 The Connection to the Interface Driver
The miniMODUL-537 has four transmission and three reception
channels with RS-232 standard and can be wired arbitrarily. The
driver can be used for SERIAL0, SERIAL1 or for control lines of
handshake hardware.
Corresponding to the most frequently used applications, some of the
drivers are already connected with the interface of the controller. This
has to be considered for user interface configurations. The connections
are placed close to the edge of the circuit board and are easily
separated.
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 37
miniMODUL-537
6.5.1 Connections of the RS-485-Interface Pre-Configured
The connections of the serial interface SERIAL1 are prepared for the
utilization as RS-485-interface. This bi-directional interface requires
besides the two symmetric data-lines, control signals, which are
already connected for the miniMODUL-537 with certain controller
port pins. In addition to the controller connections TxD1 (P6.2) and
RxD1 (P6.1) also port bits P5.1 and P5.0 are connected. For other
utilization of the port bits the connections at the edge of the circuit
board have to be separated. The link with P3.2 (/INT0) is achieved via
the jumper JP6.
B29 VCC485 with B01 (VCC)
B30 (D) with B57 (TxD1, Port 6.2)
B32 (R) with B52 (RxD1, Port 6.1)
B34 (/R) with A17 (INT0, Port 3.2) by jumper JP6
B35 (DE) with B51 (Port 5.1)
B36 (/RE) with B52 (Port 5.0)
6.5.2 Connections of the RS-232-Interface Pre-Configured
The interface SERIAL0 is prepared as interface of the RS-232
standard with the corresponding connections. For this purpose the
transmission and reception driver R1 and T1 of the driver chip U4 are
used for RxD0 a nd TxD0.
The other driver and reception connections are vacant, since the
standard software from PHYTEC doesn’t use hardware handshaking.
A44 (R10) with A15 (Port 3.0, RxD)
A41 (T1I) with A16 (Port 3.1, TxD)
38 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
6.5.3 The Pin Assignment of the Interface for the
miniMODUL-537
For better recognition of the interface connections with RS-232
standard the data-in/outputs are emphasized at the print of the circuit
board. The arrows indicate the direction of data-flow. The connections
of the RS-485 interface are also emphasized at the print of the
circuit board.
6.6 General Rem arks for RS-232 and RS-485 Interfaces
6.6.1 RS-232 Interface
The serial data transfer with RS-232 standard is only appropriate for
the connection of two participants via relative short distances of a
about 10m. The baud rate, that can be employed depends very much
on the length and type of the connection cable. Standard baud rates for
the communication are 9600 and 19200 baud for interoffice
applications. The transmission of data in one direction require one line
(RxD, TxD). In addition to GND also control lines might be used,
which influence the flow of data. All PHYTEC-controller boards use
RS-232 interfaces without control lines. The mutual overflow control
is achieved by software-handshaking. For the XON-XOFF protocol
the reserved signs 11H and 13H are added in the data-flow for control
purposes. This requires, that the handling of the protocol of the participants is adapted to each other. Otherwise transmission errors, loss
of characters or locking might occur. Therefore we recommend the
application of our communication software. Because of this protocol,
only ASCII-coded signs and a restricted number of character sets can
be transmitte d.
The Serial Interface
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 39
miniMODUL-537
6.6.2 RS-485-Interface
The transmission with RS-485 standard allows a maximum of 32
participants for a two wire line. In comparison to the RS-232 interface
higher baud rates and line length are possible. The maximum transmission rate of the SAB80C537 with 1 Mbit/sec for a system-clock
frequency of 12 MHz can be achieved. Since 32 participants can be
connected to the two wire line for this standard more control and
protocol management is required than for the RS-232 interface. The
transmission with RS-485 standard operates with a two wire bidirectional line with alternating directions. Both ends of the line are
terminated with resistors. The symmetric data-transfer of the two wire
line considerably improves the immunity against interfering.
The cross linkage of these modules in the industrial environment
requires specific knowledge of the occurrence of the special problems.
Interferences from electromagnetic devices in the surrounding,
potential differences of different stations and the effect of ground
loops have to be co nsidered. For such purpo ses the galvanic se paration
of processor and network are advisable.
6.7 Changing from RS-232 to RS-485 Standard
The RS-232 interface cannot be modified to RS-485 without
additional software. For such a project it is also important to know if
the participants are operating in a master-slave or multi-master
network. In addition to the data-inputs also the inputs of the driver
chips of all stations have to be controlled in a skillful way. Therefore
PHYTEC has developed a software wit h the design ation PHYNET for
the communication with RS-485 interfaces. With this software all
modules with RS-485 interface can be interconnected with a network.
40 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
6.8 Program Example for the Serial Interface
The given examples use no interface interrupts, but test only the
interface flags RI and TI.
6.8.1 Program for SERIAL0
; Example of the initialization for the utilization of the
; internal baud rate generator for 12 MHz system-clock frequency.
init: setb BD ; Select internal BD-generator
orl PCON,#80H ; Set bit SMOD for 9600 baud
; Alternative: anl PCON,#7FH for 4800
; baud
mov S0CON,#5AH ; Mode-adjustment and initialization
; of the flags RI0 and TI0 8
; data bit, no parity, 1 start bit,
; 1 stop bit TI0 set, RI0 erased.
init_end: ...
...
The Serial Interface
; Example of the initialization for the utilization of timer 1
; as baud rate generator for a system-clock frequency
; of 11.059 MHz.
ch0_in: ; Subroutine to read a character
jnb RI0,ch_in ; Wait until character accepted
clr RI0
mov a,S0BUF
ret ; character in ACC
ch0_out: ; Subroutine to output a character
; Output character in ACC
jnb TI0,ch_out ; Wait until ready for transmission
clr TI0,ch_out
mov S0BUF,a
ret
init: clr BD ; not necessary after a RESET
anl TMOD,#0FH
orl TMOD,#20H ; Mode 8 bit, autoreload
orl PCON,#80H ; Set bit SMOD Baud
; Alternative: anl PCON,#7FH
mov TH1,#232 ; Reload value for 2400 baud for SMOD=1
setb TR1 ; Start timer 1
movb S0CON,#5AH ; Mode adjustment and initialization of
; flags RI0 and TI0 8 data bit, no
; parity, 1 start bit, 1 stop bit set
; TI0, Erase RI0
init_end: ...
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 41
miniMODUL-537
6.8.2 Program for SERIAL1
; Example of initialization of SERIAL1 for 19200 baud
; for 11.059 MHz system-clock frequency.
init: mov S1REL,#238 ; Reload value for 19200 baud
mov S1CON,#92H ; Mode-adjustment and initialization
; of the flag RI1 ; and TI1, 8 data
bit,
; no parity 1 start bit, 1 stop bit
; Set TI1, erase RI1
init_end: ...
...
ch1_in: ; Subroutine for reading a character from SERIAL1
mov a,S1CON
jnb ACC.0,ch_in ; Wait until character received
anl S1CON,#0FEH ; Reset RI1
mov a,S1BUF
ret ; character in ACC
ch1_out: ; Subroutine for outputting a character
; Output character in ACC
push ACC
w_out: mov a,S1CON
jnb ACC.1,w_out ; wait until TI1 ready for transmission
anl S1CON,#0FDH ; Reset TI1
pop ACC
mov S1BUF,a
ret
42 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
7 RAM-Write-Protection and Battery Back-up
Write-protection and battery back-up are achieved by U3, U6, and
Q2..Q4. An external battery must be connected to A42. The current
consumption from VPD depends on the type of RAM and their extensions. Installin g a good 32 kByte RAM (1µ A) a 100 mAh battery
will do for several years.
The RAMs U12 and U13 and the optional Real-Time Clock U14
(RTC 72421) are supplied by the battery as soon as VCC decreases
below 4.6 or 4.8 V. U12 is either suppli ed with VCC or VPD. This is
adjusted by jumper JP12. If an EEPROM is installed, jumper JP12
must be adjusted to VCC. A RAM in U12 can be supplied by VCC
or VPD.
RAM-Write-Protection and Battery Back-up
If you forget to set jumper JP12 correctly, the battery will be
discharged quickly if an EEPROM is installed in U12.
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 43
miniMODUL-537
7.1 Function of the Battery Buffering and Write Protection
The RAM chip and the RTC are deselected with the signal /RES. U3
is a µP-monitor chip, which detects the short fall below 4.6 or 4.8 V of
the supply voltage, and switches immediately the signal /RES to
LOW. U6 transmits this signal to the transistors Q2..Q4, which
deselect the RAMs and cut off currents from the battery to the driver
outputs of U10. In the battery back-up operation U3 supplies the
RAMs and the RTC with the battery voltage VPD. The maximum
permissible current from U3.2 (VOUT) is 50mA. If this value is
exceeded, or the voltage drop is too high , Q1 should be in stalled . This
results in a considerable increase of current consumption from the
battery. Then a capacity of 100mAh might not be sufficient anymore.
U3 serves for the purpose to decouple the /RES signal and improve
the pulse shape. To avoid th e malfunctioning of the writ e-protection,
the /RES signal should not be loaded too much. /RES remains after
turn on of the supply voltage for about 50msec low active. Hereby
disturbing write pulses of the processor before the start of the system
clock are suppressed. For turn off U3 separates the /WR signal from
the memory chips and the RTC.
It should be recognized, that the functioning of the write-protection
only works, if the supply voltage is applied and separated bounce free.
44 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
7.2 Hints for the Utilization of the Battery Buffering
The safety of a circuit with battery buffering for volatile memories
with write-protection is generally overestimated. A battery buffered
RAM never replaces an EPROM. It is not advisable to use a battery
buffered RAM for long term storage of programs. Already a program
crash stimulated externally, might overwrite critical partitions of the
RAM. The battery buffered RAM should be used only for data and
parameter storage.
A most reliable circuit for write-protection during the application and
removing of the supply voltage, must include the power supply and
the voltage regulato r, whic h is not inc or pora te d in this ca se.
The RAM should be used as program memory only if the program can
be down loaded easily or if the program is redundant and can be
loaded from an EPROM.
RAM-Write-Protection and Battery Back-up
You minimize problems with the RAM write-protection, if you
observe the followings advic es:
Provide a well defined, bounce-free decrease and increase of the
supply voltage VCC. The unpl ugging of the module in th e operat ional
status and the turn on/off procedure of the regulated voltage VCC with
mechanical contacts might overcharge the write-protection.
Wire the supply voltage before the voltage regulator and provide
sufficient capaci tors to ac hie ve a define d volta ge tra ns iti on.
Provide, if required, checksum or other redundancy to recognize
memory errors and means to correct them, independently if you use
the RAM as data- or program- memory.
The application as program-memory makes only sense, if the
programs can be reloaded easily. In case of doubt, use an EPROM as
program-memory.
The probability of a memory-error is negligible, but cannot be
excluded. Please consider this fact f or your application.
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 45
miniMODUL-537
46 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
8 The External Watchdog-Timer and the Power-Fail-
Option
The monitor chip U3 has an own watchdog timer and a comparator for
the creation of a interrupt signal /PFO.
8.1 The External Watchdog-Timer
The SAB80C537 has already an internal watchdog-timer, but in some
cases an external watchdog timer might be advantageous:
For applications where th e time constant of th e watchdog timer i s too
small and for applications, where an external signal must be
monitored.
The External Watchdog-Timer and the Power-Fail-Option
The controller watchdog reacts only to a program crash or error of the
clock. The additional watchdog timer in U3 allows the reaction to
external events and is activated by a cyclic application of a low level
to A62 (/WDI). If the sign al fails for an adjustable peri od, the system
is reset. The external watchdog remains inactive as long as A62 is not
connected. The time constant is within the period of one to two
seconds.
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 47
miniMODUL-537
8.2 The Watchdog- and RESE T-Time-Base
When the signal inputs OSC_SEL and OSC_IN are not connected, the
RESET-pulse has a duration of 50 msec and the watchdog-ti mer reacts
after 1.6 sec. To change the timing the following options are possible:
Set JP1 (OSC_SEL)
As long as OSC_SEL is open or HIGH, the internal oscillator
determines the timing of U3. If VCC or GND is connected with
OSC_IN the internal cycle can be changed.
The exact description of the monitor chip would exceed this
documentation. Please use the corresponding data sheets of this chip
or ask us in case of problems.
8.3 Application of the Power-Fail-Input (PFI
The power-fail-input allows the premature recognition of power
failures. For this reason the uncontrolled vo ltage should be connected
to A39 (PFI) from the power supply with an appropriate voltage
divider before or at a sufficient high load capacitor. The
power-fail-input of the monitor chip compares the applied voltage
with an internal reference voltage of 1.3 V. The dimensioning of the
voltage divider is up to you. If the supply voltage is decreasing below
the computed value, the signal /PFO goes LOW and can save data
with an interrupt. The PFI-interrupt can be achieved with /INTO or
with /INT1. For this p urpose external con nections might be required.
48 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
9 A/D Converter of the SAB80C537
The internal A/D converter of this controller is a real 8-bit converter.
The twelve analog inputs are switched by an 12:1 analog multiplexer.
The converter has the feature that the conversion range for 8-bit
resolution is programmable in ratios of the external applied reference
voltage. The minimal size of the conversion window should not be
less than 1 V.
The converter of the SAB80C537 is very suitable for many applications, but doesn’t replace a converter of high precision. For your
applications consider, if the specifications of the converter from
INFINEON satisfies your ex pectation. An additional external converter chip is easily connected to the miniMODUL-537.
A/D Converter of the SAB80C537
The external reference voltage VAREF and VAGND are close to
VCC and GND. Intermediate values are not permitted. The converter
does not operate without external reference voltages VAREF and
VAGND. The reference voltages have to be connected to the analog
connecting stripe C. The handling of the integrated A/D converter of
the 80C537 is compatible to the 80C535. The connections for this
purpose are SFR, ADDAT, ADCON0, ADCON1 and DAPR. ADCON0 corresponds to the SFR ADCON of the 80C535. ADCON1 is
used to select the twelve analog inputs. The software of the 80C535
will operate the lower eight channe ls correct ly .
As already mentioned, the informations concerning the accuracy of
the converter are found in the INFINEON controller manual. Since the
SAB80C537 doesn’t provide the feature of nullification , a zero deviation has to be considered. This error can be compensated by software
or by adjustment of the input-amplifiers, which are often employed.
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 49
miniMODUL-537
50 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
10 The RESET-Signal
To avoid the disadvantages of plain RESET circuits, the
watchdog-timer U3 was us ed, without rest ricting the utilizat ion of the
timer otherwise.
To trigger a RESET-pulse the RESET-contact has to be pushed for
about 5 seconds.
For user circuit extensions the available RESET signals are not
meaningless:
/RES
The output /RES of U3 is active low and should not be loaded too
much, because otherwise the slope of the pulse edge might be
decreasing and the Power-On-Jump and the RAM write-protection
might not operate appropriately anymore. /RES is an open-drain
output and can be co nnected to GND externally. However this is not
used here.
The RESET-Signal
RES
The RES-output of U3 is active high and can be loaded more. The
load has no influence to the monitor-chip U3. The output is only
defined as long as VCC is within the allowed range.
B-RES
This output is active HIGH. This output functions similarly like RES,
but always provides the reverse of /RES. B-RES always has the
battery voltage for an active status, provided a battery is connected.
Therefore this output is also appropriate for controlling extensions
without the supply voltage VCC.
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miniMODUL-537
52 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
11 The Optional Real-Time-Clock RTC72421
The optional Real-Time Clock always operates with battery voltage,
independent of the function of the miniMODUL-537. The
clock-crystal is already integrated, so that a tuning is not necessary.
The clock has a 4-bit interface for the connection to the processor-bus.
The miniMODUL doesn’t provide an address decoder to select
the clock.
11.1 Selection of the RTC
The clock is already completely connected to the processor-bus,
except the /CE-connection A59. In order to select the clock either an
external address decoder or two vacant port lines have to be used.
Hereby the clock can be used with minimal expenditure without
address decoder.
The Optional Real-Time Clock RTC72421
Writing to the Clock
The RTC is selected the whole time until the writing is finished by the
connection of A59 to a port line. The RAM is also selected at the same
time and therefore a partition of the address region has to be selected,
which is not used otherwise.
Reading from the Clock
The RTC is also selected the whole time, but the RAM is masked
outside with the module-connection M-DIS (A11). For this purpose an
additional second port line is required, which is connected with A11.
Don’t forget in this case to disconnect JP5, which is alrea dy connected.
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 53
miniMODUL-537
11.2 Programming of the Clock
By data-access to the different clock registers the time and the date
can be programmed. In addition there are the options like USA time,
clock start/stop and second-, hour- or day pulses for processor
interrupts.
The addresses of the separate clock registers can be taken from the
register table of the data sheet from the RTC.
11.3 The Standard Pulse-Option
The RTC has a pulse-output. This is a N-channel-FET connected to
GND. This output provides periodical pulses, which are programmed
by the bits t1 and t0. The pulse can be turned off by a bit mask. The
frequencies of the pulse can be depicted from the following table.
t1 t0 Pulse frequency
0 0 1/64 second
011 second
1 0 1 minute
1 1 1 hour
The duration of one pulse is 7.8125 msec.
54 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
11.4 Description of the Control-Bits
The exact description of the RTC would exceed the scope of this
documentation. Please use the corresponding data sheets of this chip
or ask us in case of problems.
HOLD
HOLD has to be set immediately before the access of the time/date
registers. After termination of all write or read access es, HOLD has to
be disabled again.
This operation should take place within one second.
BUSY
This bit can be read only. Access to registers should take place only if
BUSY is LOW. BUSY is always HIGH, when HOLD is not HIGH.
After setting of HOLD , BUSY is LOW at the latest after 190 µsec.
The Optional Real-Time Clock RTC72421
MASK
This bit prevents the LOW level at the pulse-output, when it is
enabled. For the application with standard pulse, MASK has to be
erased.
ITRPT/STND
This bit selects the pulse-output between interrupt-mode and
fixed-mode. The interrupt mode is not described here. This bit should
be LOW. This results in the fixed-pulse mode with a duration of
7.8123 msec.
REST
This bit is set to erase the counter of the second-ratios. The ratio
counter is on hold, as long as REST is HIGH. The counter must be
enabled by erasing this bit.
STOP
Setting STOP stops the counter completely. The clock starts at the
latest 122 µsec after erasing this bit.
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miniMODUL-537
24/12
This bit determines the upper limit o f the hour display. HIGH sets the
24-hour cycle, LOW the 12-hour cycle. In the 24-hour cycle the
PM-bit is ineffective. Nevertheless this bit should be masked out.
Manipulating this bit should always be combined with setting the
REST-bit. In the 24-hour mode the bit sequence ’0101’ and ’0100’
should be set and in the 12-hour-mode the bit sequence ’0001’ and
’0000’ should be in the register F.
TEST
This bit must be erased.
More detailed information should be taken from the data sheets of the
clock chip.
56 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
Index
Index
/
/WR ...........................................25
8
8031-software............................37
E
EEPROM.............................25, 47
EPROM...........................8, 10, 24
external wiring...........................24
G
A
A/D converter............................53
access mode...............................10
access-mode ........................24, 26
address region............................10
address-decoding.................23, 30
analog-input...............................11
B
battery back-up..........................47
battery buffering........................49
battery-back up..........................19
baud generator...........................38
baudrate.......................................8
baudrate generator.....................41
C
Clock-Control-signal.................15
control input ..............................24
controller port............................13
GND ............................................7
I
interrupt-vector..........................27
J
jumper..................................10, 29
L
LCC-EPROM............................25
M
memory configuration...............23
middle pad.................................31
module-terminals.......................21
monitor ......................................52
Monitor....................................8, 9
Monitor-Basic....................8, 9, 27
N
network......................................44
D
O
data..............................................9
data-access.................................58
Data-address bus .......................12
data-in/output ............................43
data-line.....................................42
data-memory..............................24
decoder-control-signal...............13
DIL............................................25
driver .........................................16
driver-chip.................................21
overvoltage..................................7
P
PAL/PLD...................................24
PHYNET.......................17, 35, 44
program-memory.......................24
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2 57
miniMODUL-537
R
RAM ...................................24, 49
real-time-clock..............25, 47, 57
RESET ................9, 10, 18, 27, 55
RS-232 ......8, 9, 10, 15, 21, 42, 43
RS-485 ..............10, 16, 21, 42, 44
S
SAB80C537..................37, 51, 53
serial interface.....................21, 37
SERIAL0.............................35, 37
SERIAL1...........35, 38, 40, 41, 46
software.....................................44
T
timer 1.......................................38
transmission ................................8
U
User program.............................28
user-program.............................10
V
VCC ................................7, 25, 47
voltage...................................7, 11
W
watchdog timer..........................51
Write-protection........................47
X
XRAM1.....................................26
XRAM2.....................................26
XROM.......................................26
58 PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 L-006e_2
Document: miniMODUL-537
Document number: L-006e_2, November 1993
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PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 1993 L-006e_2
Published by
PHYTEC Meßtechnik GmbH 2001 Ordering No. L-xxxe_x
Printed in Germany
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