Photon Focus OEM-D752E, OEM-D1024E User Manual

User Manual

OEM-D752E and OEM-D1024E

CMOS Sensor Module Series

MAN032 04/2012 V1.2

All information provided in this manual is believed to be accurate and reliable. No
responsibility is assumed by Photonfocus AG for its use. Photonfocus AG reserves the right to
make changes to this information without notice.
Reproduction of this manual in whole or in part, by any means, is prohibited without prior
permission having been obtained from Photonfocus AG.

1

2

Contents

1 Preface 5

1.1 About Photonfocus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.2 Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.3 Sales Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.4 Further Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.5 Legend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2 Introduction and Motivation 7

3 OEM Specification 9

3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3.2 Feature Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3.3 Technical Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

3.4 Signal Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

4 Functionality 17

4.1 Image Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

4.1.1 Readout Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

4.1.2 Exposure Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

4.1.3 Maximum Frame Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

4.1.4 Constant Frame Rate (CFR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

4.2 Image Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

4.2.1 Counters and Average Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

4.2.2 Status Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

4.3 Pixel Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

4.3.1 Linear Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

4.3.2 LinLog®. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

4.3.3 Skimming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

4.3.4 Grey Level Transformation (LUT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

4.4 Test Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

4.4.1 OEM-D1024E Test Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

4.4.2 OEM-D752E Test Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

4.4.3 Troubleshooting using the LFSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

4.5 Image Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

4.5.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

4.5.2 Offset Correction (FPN, Hot Pixels) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

4.5.3 Gain Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

4.5.4 Corrected Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

4.6 Reduction of Image Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

4.6.1 Region of Interest (ROI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

4.6.2 Multiple Regions of Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

4.6.3 Decimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

CONTENTS 3

CONTENTS

4.7 External Trigger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

4.7.1 Trigger Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

4.7.2 Trigger Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

4.7.3 Trigger Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

4.8 Strobe Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

4.9 Configuration of the OEM interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

5 Hardware Interface 45

5.1 Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

5.1.1 Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

5.1.2 Pinout PCB connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

5.2 Parallel Data Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

5.3 Read-out Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

5.3.1 Free running Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

5.3.2 Constant Frame Rate Mode (CFR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

5.4 Trigger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

5.4.1 Trigger Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

5.4.2 Trigger Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

6 Mechanical and Optical Considerations 59

6.1 Mechanical Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

6.2 Optical Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

6.2.1 Cleaning the Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

7 Warranty 63

7.1 Warranty Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

7.2 Warranty Claim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

8 References 65

9 Revision History 67

4

1

Preface

1.1 About Photonfocus

The Swiss company Photonfocus is one of the leading specialists in the development of CMOS
image sensors and corresponding industrial cameras for machine vision, security & surveillance
and automotive markets.
Photonfocus is dedicated to making the latest generation of CMOS technology commercially
available. Active Pixel Sensor (APS) and global shutter technologies enable high speed and
high dynamic range (120 dB) applications, while avoiding disadvantages like image lag,
blooming and smear.
Photonfocus has proven that the image quality of modern CMOS sensors is now appropriate
for demanding applications. Photonfocus’ product range is complemented by custom design
solutions in the area of camera electronics and CMOS image sensors.
Photonfocus is ISO 9001 certified. All products are produced with the latest techniques in order
to ensure the highest degree of quality.

1.2 Contact

Photonfocus AG, Bahnhofplatz 10, CH-8853 Lachen SZ, Switzerland

Sales Phone: [phone] Email: [e-mail]

Support Phone: [phone] Email: [e-mail]

Table 1.1: Photonfocus Contact

1.3 Sales Offices

Photonfocus products are available through an extensive international distribution network
and through our key account managers. Details of the distributor nearest you and contacts to
our key account managers can be found at www.photonfocus.com.

1.4 Further Information

For further information on the products, documentation and software updates please see our
web site www.photonfocus.com or contact our distributors.

Photonfocus reserves the right to make changes to its products and documenta­tion without notice. Photonfocus products are neither intended nor certified for
use in life support systems or in other critical systems. The use of Photonfocus
products in such applications is prohibited.

Photonfocus®and LinLog®are registered trademarks of Photonfocus AG.
CameraLink®is a registered mark of the Automated Imaging Association. Prod­uct and company names mentioned herein are trademarks or trade names of
their respective companies.

5

1 Preface

Reproduction of this manual in whole or in part, by any means, is prohibited
without prior permission having been obtained from Photonfocus AG.

Photonfocus can not be held responsible for any technical or typographical er­rors.

1.5 Legend

In this documentation the reader’s attention is drawn to the following icons:

Important note

Alerts and additional information

Attention, critical warning

✎

Notification, user guide

6

2

Introduction and Motivation

The OEM camera modules support user specific vision system designs and especially embedded
solutions. Other than in Photonfocus cameras and board level cameras the OEM camera
modules are not complete vision components. The user has to solve the interfacing to his own
electronic solution to get a complete vision solution. From this target some restrictions arise.
One restriction is that Photonfocus can not guarantee the correct function of the complete
solution. Due to the open architecture of the OEM modules excessive support is often needed
to implement the modules in advanced embedded solutions. Under defined boundary
conditions Photonfocus provides this service on contract base. The OEM modules are not
intended for the use in single volumes. The threshold in volume is from 100 modules and more
per year. Long term contracts with the customer ensure the availability of the modules over a
long period to predictable production dates.
For low volume projects please refer to our board level or camera products. These products are
complete vision products that include the software. Due to the character of the board level
and camera products Photonfocus can guarantee for the quality and functionality of these
complete vision products.
The use of the OEM camera modules enables the use of the Photonfocus camera firmware and
software. Thus the user‘s own vision system benefit from these concepts. Modifications in the
firmware can be made on request on contract base. This applies also to modifications in the
Photonfocus software. The user can set up his own software on the base of the PFRemote SDK.
The Photonfocus software itself is platform independent and was already ported to different
operating systems and embedded solutions.
The control of the camera modules over a low level protocol without the help of a CPU is not
supported. The advanced features in Photonfocus E-series products, like LinLog and FPN
correction, require complex control sequences. If user‘s applications require camera module
control over low level commands then only products from the classic Photonfocus product
range are to be considered. Please contact the Photonfocus Support for further consultance.
The idea of the OEM modules is to give the user a very easy to use environment for the own
development. This is supported with the interface definition on the output of the modules.
This interface definition is identically applied to all Photonfocus OEM modules and is based on
the well known AIA interface definition for vision systems. The camera modules permit the
direct interfacing without any background information of the camera electronic. To reach this
goal the modules are sold only with digital interface. This leads to one or two PCB solutions
(see Table 2.1).

Definition OEM-D752E-40 OEM-D1024E-40 OEM-D1024E-80 OEM-D1024E-160

Number of PCBs 1 1 2 2

Sensor Module OEM-D752E-40 OEM-D1024E-40 OEM-A1024E-80 OEM-A1024E-160

ADC Module not required not required OEM-ADCE-160-12 OEM-ADCE-160-12

Table 2.1: Overview of the OEM camera modules

7

2 Introduction and Motivation

8

3

OEM Specification

3.1 Introduction

The OEM camera modules from Photonfocus are aimed at demanding applications in industrial
image processing. The OEM camera modules provide an exceptionally high dynamic range of
up to 120 dB at a resolution of 1024 x 1024 pixels or 752 x 582 pixels. The OEM camera modules
are built around a monochrome CMOS image sensor, developed by Photonfocus. The principal
advantages are:

• Extremely high image contrast achieved by LinLog technology.

• Ideal for high speed applications: global shutter, in combination with several
simultaneously selectable read out windows (Multiple ROI).

• Grey scale resolution up to 12 bit.

• Low power consumption at high speeds.

• Resistance to blooming.

• The OEM camera modules are provided with a low voltage CMOS (LVCMOS) parallel data
interface.

• The compact size of only or 44 x 44 mm2make the OEM camera module series the perfect
solution for applications in which space is at a premium.

The general specification and features of the OEM camera modules are listed in the following
sections.

9

3 OEM Specification

3.2 Feature Overview

OEM camera modules

Interfaces Low voltage CMOS (LVCMOS), 3.3 V level

OEM Camera Module Control PFRemote SDK

Configuration Interface serial 9’600 baud (for -80/160 models 57.6k baud is also available)

Trigger Modes Interface Trigger and separate Trigger I/O

Exposure Time Defined by camera module or trigger pulse width

Features Linear Mode / LinLog Mode / Skimming Mode

Shading Correction (Offset and Gain)

Grey scale resolution 12 bit / 10 bit / 8 bit

Region of Interest (ROI) / Multiple Regions of Interest (MROI)

Look-up table (10 to 8 bit) / Decimation

Trigger input / Strobe output with programmable delay

Test pattern / Image information / Status line

Table 3.1: Feature overview (see Chapter 4 for more information)

10

3.3 Technical Specification

OEM-D752E OEM-D1024E

Technology CMOS active pixel

Scanning system progressive scan

Optical format / diagonal 2/3" / 10.12 mm 1" / 15.42 mm

Resolution 752 x 582 pixels 1024 x 1024 pixels

Pixel size 10.6 µm x 10.6 µm

Active optical area 8.0 mm x 6.2 mm 10.9 mm x 10.9 mm

Random noise < 0.5 DN RMS @ 8 bit / gain=1

Fixed pattern noise (FPN) < 1 DN RMS @ 8 bit / gain=1 / offset correction on

Dark current 2 fA / pixel @ 30°C

Full well capacity 200 ke

−

Spectral range 400 .. 900 nm

Responsivity 120 x 103DN / (J/m2) @ 610 nm / 8 bit / gain=1

Optical fill factor 35 %

Dynamic range up to 120 dB (with LinLog)

Colour format monochrome

Characteristic curve linear, LinLog, Skimming

Shutter mode global shutter

Min. Region of Interest 1 row x 9 columns

Grey scale Resolution 12 bit / 10 bit / 8 bit

Digital Gain x1 / x2 / x4

Exposure Time 10 µs ... 0.41 s

Table 3.2: General specification of the OEM camera modules

OEM-D7524E-40 OEM-D1024E-40

Exposure Time Increment 25 ns 25 ns

Frame Rate ( T

int

= 10 µs) 87 fps 37 fps

Pixel Clock Frequency 40 MHz 40 MHz

Pixel Clock Cycle 25 ns 25 ns

Camera Taps 1 1

Readout mode sequential integration sequential integration

and readout and readout

Table 3.3: Model-specific parameters for the OEM-D752E-40 and for the OEM-D1024E-40 modules

.

3.3 Technical Specification 11

3 OEM Specification

OEM-D1024E-80 OEM-D1024E-160

Exposure Time Increment 50 ns 25 ns

Frame Rate ( T

int

= 10 µs) 75 fps 150 fps

Pixel Clock Frequency 40 MHz 80 MHz

Pixel Clock Cycle 25 ns 12.5 ns

Camera Taps 2 2

Readout mode sequential integration sequential integration

and readout or and readout or

simultaneous readout simultaneous readout

Table 3.4: Model-specific parameters for the OEM-D1024E-80 and for the OEM-D1024E-160 modules

OEM-D7524E-40 OEM-D1024E-40

Operating temperature 0°C ... 50°C

∗∗

0°C ... 50°C

∗∗

Camera module power supply 0.16 A @ +5 V DC (±10%) 0.16 A @ +5 V DC (±10%)

Camera module power supply 0.1 A @ +3.3 V DC (±10%) 0.1 A @ +3.3 V DC (±10%)

Camera module power supply 0.05 A @ +1.8 V DC (±10%) 0.05 A @ +1.8 V DC (±10%)

Max. power consumption 0.87 W 0.87 W

Dimensions 44 x 44 mm

2

44 x 44 mm

2

Mass 15 g 15 g

Conformity RoHS, WEEE RoHS, WEEE

Table 3.5: Physical characteristics and operating ranges for the OEM-D752E-40 and for the OEM-D1024E-40
modules (∗∗OEM modules with extended range of operating temperature on request)

OEM-D1024E-80 OEM-D1024E-160

Operating temperature 0°C ... 50°C

∗∗

0°C ... 50°C

∗∗

Camera module power supply 0.15 A @ +5 V DC (±10%) 0.15 A @ +5 V DC (±10%)

Camera module power supply 0.35 A @ +3.3 V DC (±10%) 0.35 A @ +3.3 V DC (±10%)

Camera module power supply 0.16 A @ +1.8 V DC (±10%) 0.16 A @ +1.8 V DC (±10%)

Max. power consumption 2.2 W 2.4 W

Dimensions 44 x 44 mm

2

44 x 44 mm

2

Mass 27 g 27 g

Conformity RoHS, WEEE RoHS, WEEE

Table 3.6: Physical characteristics and operating ranges for the OEM-D1024E-80 and for the OEM-D1024E­160 modules (∗∗OEM modules with extended range of operating temperature on request)

.

12

Q u a n t u m E f f i c i e n c y v s W a v e l e n g t h

0 . 0 0

0 . 0 5

0 . 1 0

0 . 1 5

0 . 2 0

0 . 2 5

0 . 3 0

0 . 3 5

0 . 4 0

0 . 4 5

0 . 5 0

2 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 5 0 0 6 0 0 7 0 0 8 0 0 9 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0

W a v e l e n g t h / n m

Q u a n t u m E f f i c i e n c y

Figure 3.1: Spectral response of the A1024B Photonfocus CMOS sensor

3.4 Signal Assignment

The interface of the OEM camera modules is a parallel data interface, which follows the AIA
standard. On the module connector the signals are available in a parallel format.

OEM-D752E-40 OEM-D1024E-40 OEM-D1024E-80 OEM-D1024E-160

Pixel Clock per Tap 40 MHz 40 MHz 40 MHz 80 MHz

Number of Taps 1 1 2 2

Greyscale resolution 12 / 10 / 8 bit 12 / 10 / 8 bit 12 / 10 / 8 bit 12 / 10 / 8 bit

CC1 EXSYNC EXSYNC EXSYNC EXSYNC

CC2 not used not used not used not used

CC3 not used not used not used not used

CC4 not used not used not used not used

Table 3.7: Summary of parameters needed for interfacing

.

3.4 Signal Assignment 13

3 OEM Specification

Bit Tap 0, 8 Bit Tap 0, 10 Bit Tap 0, 12 Bit

0 (LSB) A0 A0 A0

1 A1 A1 A1

2 A2 A2 A2

3 A3 A3 A3

4 A4 A4 A4

5 A5 A5 A5

6 A6 A6 A6

7 (MSB for 8 Bit Mode) A7 A7 A7

8 - B0 B0

9 (MSB for 10 Bit Mode) - B1 B1

10 - - B2

11 (MSB for 12 Bit Mode) - - B3

Table 3.8: Port and bit assignments for the OEM-D752E-40 and for the OEM-D1024E-40 camera modules

Bit Tap 0 Tap 1 Tap 0 Tap 1 Tap 0 Tap 1

8 Bit 8 Bit 10 Bit 10 Bit 12 Bit 12 Bit

0 (LSB) A0 B0 A0 C0 A0 C0

1 A1 B1 A1 C1 A1 C1

2 A2 B2 A2 C2 A2 C2

3 A3 B3 A3 C3 A3 C3

4 A4 B4 A4 C4 A4 C4

5 A5 B5 A5 C5 A5 C5

6 A6 B6 A6 C6 A6 C6

7 (MSB of 8 Bit) A7 B7 A7 C7 A7 C7

8 - - B0 B4 B0 B4

9 (MSB of 10 Bit) - - B1 B5 B1 B5

10 - - - - B2 B6

11 (MSB of 12 Bit) - - - - B3 B7

Table 3.9: Port and bit assignments for the OEM-D1024E-80 and for the OEM-D1024E-160 camera modules

.

14

Name PF CL 1.1 8 Bit 10 Bit 12 Bit

STROBE PIXEL_CLK STROBE STROBE STROBE

LVAL LINE_VALID LVAL LVAL LVAL

FVAL FRAME_VALID FVAL FVAL FVAL

DVAL DATA_VALID DVAL DVAL DVAL

SPARE CL_SPARE SPARE SPARE SPARE

PORT_A0 DATA0 A0 A0 A0

PORT_A1 DATA1 A1 A1 A1

PORT_A2 DATA2 A2 A2 A2

PORT_A3 DATA3 A3 A3 A3

PORT_A4 DATA4 A4 A4 A4

PORT_A5 DATA5 A5 A5 A5

PORT_A6 DATA6 A6 A6 A6

PORT_A7 DATA7 A7 A7 A7

PORT_B0 DATA8 B0 A8 A8

PORT_B1 DATA9 B1 A9 A9

PORT_B2 DATA10 B2 - A10

PORT_B3 DATA11 B3 - A11

PORT_B4 DATA12 B4 B8 B8

PORT_B5 DATA13 B5 B9 B9

PORT_B6 DATA14 B6 - B10

PORT_B7 DATA15 B7 - B11

PORT_C0 DATA16 - B0 B0

PORT_C1 DATA17 - B1 B1

PORT_C2 DATA18 - B2 B2

PORT_C3 DATA19 - B3 B3

PORT_C4 DATA20 - B4 B4

PORT_C5 DATA21 - B5 B5

PORT_C6 DATA22 - B6 B6

PORT_C7 DATA23 - B7 B7

Table 3.10: Configuration and port assignment of the PCB-PCB connector in Photonfocus OEM camera
modules

.

3.4 Signal Assignment 15

3 OEM Specification

16

4

Functionality

This chapter serves as an overview of the configuration modes and explains the features of the
OEM camera modules. The goal is to describe what can be done with the OEM camera
modules. The setup of the OEM camera modules is explained in later chapters.

4.1 Image Acquisition

4.1.1 Readout Modes

The OEM camera module series provide two different readout modes:

Sequential readout Frame time is the sum of exposure time and readout time. Exposure time

of the next image can only start if the readout time of the current image is finished.

Simultaneous readout (interleave) The frame time is determined by the maximum of the

exposure time or of the readout time, which ever of both is the longer one. Exposure
time of the next image can start during the readout time of the current image.

Module OEM-D752E-40 OEM-D1024E-40 OEM-D1024E-80 OEM-D1024E-160

Sequential
readout

available available available available

Simultaneous
readout

- - available available

Table 4.1: Readout mode of the OEM camera module series

The following figure illustrates the effect on the frame rate when using either the sequential
readout mode or the simultaneous readout mode (interleave exposure).

E x p o s u r e t i m e

F r a m e r a t e
( f p s )

S i m u l t a n e o u s
r e a d o u t m o d e

S e q u e n t i a l
r e a d o u t m o d e

f p s = 1 / r e a d o u t t i m e

f p s = 1 / e x p o s u r e t i m e

f p s = 1 / ( r e a d o u t t i m e + e x p o s u r e t i m e )

e x p o s u r e t i m e < r e a d o u t t i m e

e x p o s u r e t i m e > r e a d o u t t i m e

e x p o s u r e t i m e = r e a d o u t t i m e

Figure 4.1: Frame rate in sequential readout mode and simultaneous readout mode

17

4 Functionality

Sequential readout mode For the calculation of the frame rate only a single formula applies:

frames per second equal to the invers of the sum of exposure time and readout time.

Simultaneous readout mode (exposure time < readout time) The frame rate is given by the

readout time. Frames per second equal to the invers of the readout time.

Simultaneous readout mode (exposure time > readout time) The frame rate is given by the

exposure time. Frames per second equal to the invers of the exposure time.

The simultaneous readout mode allows higher frame rate. However, If the exposure time
strongly exceeds the readout time, then the effect on the frame rate is neglectable.

In simultaneous readout mode image output faces minor limitations. The overall
linear sensor reponse is partially restricted in the lower grey scale region.

When changing readout mode from sequential to simultaneous readout mode
or vice versa, new settings of the BlackLevelOffset and of the image correction
are required.

Sequential readout

By default the camera modules continuously delivers images as fast as possible ("Free-running
mode") in the sequential readout mode. Exposure time of the next image can only start if the
readout time of the current image is finished.

e x p o s u r e r e a d o u t

e x p o s u r e

r e a d o u t

Figure 4.2: Timing in free-running sequential readout mode

When the acquisition of an image needs to be synchronised to an external event, an external
trigger can be used (refer to Section 4.7 and Section 5.4). In this mode, the camera module is
idle until it gets a signal to capture an image.

e x p o s u r e r e a d o u t

i d l e e x p o s u r e

e x t e r n a l t r i g g e r

Figure 4.3: Timing in triggered sequential readout mode

Simultaneous readout (interleave exposure)

To achieve highest possible frame rates, the camera module must be set to "Free-running
mode" with simultaneous readout. The camera module continuously delivers images as fast as
possible. Exposure time of the next image can start during the readout time of the current
image.
When the acquisition of an image needs to be synchronised to an external event, an external
trigger can be used (refer to Section 4.7 and Section 5.4). In this mode, the camera module is
idle until it gets a signal to capture an image.

18

e x p o s u r e n i d l e

i d l e

r e a d o u t n

e x p o s u r e n + 1

r e a d o u t n + 1

f r a m e t i m e

r e a d o u t n - 1

Figure 4.4: Timing in free-running simultaneous readout mode (readout time> exposure time)

e x p o s u r e n

i d l e

r e a d o u t n

e x p o s u r e n + 1

f r a m e t i m e

r e a d o u t n - 1

i d l e

e x p o s u r e n - 1

Figure 4.5: Timing in free-running simultaneous readout mode (readout time< exposure time)

Figure 4.6: Timing in triggered simultaneous readout mode

4.1.2 Exposure Control

The exposure time defines the period during which the image sensor integrates the incoming
light. Refer to Table 3.4 for the allowed exposure time range and see Section 5.4.1.

4.1.3 Maximum Frame Rate

The maximum frame rate depends on the exposure time, the readout scheme and the size of
the image (see Region of Interest, Section 4.6.1). In most cases, simultaneous readout is best
choice for highest framerate.

Skimming is not supported in simultaneous readout mode.

4.1.4 Constant Frame Rate (CFR)

When the CFR mode is switched on, the frame rate (number of frames per second) can be
varied from almost 0 up to the maximum frame rate. Thus, fewer images can be acquired than
would otherwise be possible.
When Constant Frame Rate is switched off, the camera modules deliver images as fast as
possible, depending on the exposure time and the read-out time. See Section 5.3.2 for more
information.

4.1 Image Acquisition 19

4 Functionality

Constant Frame Rate mode (CFR) is not available together with external trigger
mode.

4.2 Image Information

There are camera module properties available that give information about the acquired
images, such as an image counter, average image value and the number of missed trigger
signals. These properties can be queried by software. Alternatively, a status line within the
image data can be switched on that contains all the available image information.

4.2.1 Counters and Average Value

Image counter The image counter provides a sequential number of every image that is output.

After camera module startup, the counter counts up from 0 (counter width 24 bit). The
counter can be reset by the camera module control software.

Missed trigger counter The missed trigger counter counts trigger pulses that were ignored by

the camera module because they occurred within the exposure or read-out time of an
image. In free-running mode it counts all incoming external triggers. (Counter width 8 bit
/ no wrap around).

Average image value The average image value gives the average of an image in 12 bit format

(0 .. 4095 DN), regardless of the currently used grey level resolution.

4.2.2 Status Line

If enabled, the status line replaces the last row of the image with image information. It
contains the properties described above and additional information:

Preamble The first parameter contains a constant value of 0x55AA00FF as a preamble in order

to allow the image processing system to easily recognise the beginning of the status line.

Image counter See Section 4.2.1.

Time counter The time counter starts at 0 after camera module start, and counts real-time in

units of 1 micro-second. The time counter can be reset by the software in the SDK
(Counter width 32 bit).

Missed trigger counter See Section 4.2.1.

Average image value See Section 4.2.1.

Exposure cycles The exposure cycles parameter outputs the current exposure time in units of

clock cycles (see Table 3.4).

Every parameter is coded into 4 pixels (LSB first) and uses the lower 8 bits of the pixel value, so
that the total size of a parameter is 32 bit. The remaining pixels (24..1024) are set to 0.

The status line is also available when using an ROI. For an ROI with a width <24
pixels, the status line will be clipped.

20

4 8 1 2 1 6 2 0

P r e a m b l e
0 x 5 5 A A 0 0 F F I m a g e C o u n t e r T i m e C o u n t e r

M i s s e d T r i g g e r
C o u n t e r

I m a g e A v e r a g e
V a l u e E x p o s u r e C y c l e s

0P i x e l :

P a r a m e t e r

N a m e :

1 2 3 5 6 7 9 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 1 2 2 2 3

L S B

M S B

Figure 4.7: Status line parameters replace the last row of the image

4.3 Pixel Response

4.3.1 Linear Response

The camera modules offer a linear response between input light signal and output grey level.
This can be modified by the use of LinLog or Skimming as described in the following sections.
In addition, a linear digital gain may be applied, as follows. Please see Table 3.2 for more
model-dependent information.

Gain x1, x2, x4

Gain x1, x2 and x4 are digital amplifications, which means that the digital image data are
multiplied by a factor 1, 2 or 4 respectively, in the camera modules.

Black Level Adjustment

The black level is the average image value at no light intensity. It can be adjusted by the
software by changing the black level offset. Thus, the overall image gets brighter or darker.

4.3 Pixel Response 21

4 Functionality

4.3.2 LinLog

®

Overview

The LinLog®technology from Photonfocus allows a logarithmic compression of high light
intensities inside the pixel. In contrast to the classical non-integrating logarithmic pixel, the
LinLog®pixel is an integrating pixel with global shutter and the possibility to control the
transition between linear and logarithmic mode.
In situations involving high intrascene contrast, a compression of the upper grey level region
can be achieved with the LinLog®technology. At low intensities each pixel shows a linear
response. At high intensities the response changes to logarithmic compression (see Fig. 4.8).
The transition region between linear and logarithmic response can be smoothly adjusted by
software and is continuously differentiable and monotonic.

G r e y
V a l u e

L i g h t I n t e n s i t y

0 %

1 0 0 %

L i n e a r
R e s p o n s e

S a t u r a t i o n

W e a k c o m p r e s s i o n

V a l u e 2

S t r o n g c o m p r e s s i o n

V a l u e 1

R e s u l t i n g L i n l o g
R e s p o n s e

Figure 4.8: Resulting LinLog2 response curve

.

22

LinLog®is controlled by up to 4 parameters ( Time1, Time2, Value1 and Value2). Value1 and Value2
correspond to the LinLog®voltage that is applied to the sensor. The higher the parameters
Value1 and Value2 respectively, the stronger the compression for the high light intensities. Time1
and Time2 are normalised to the exposure time. They can be set to a maximum value of 1000,
which corresponds to the exposure time.
Examples in the following sections illustrate the LinLog®feature.

LinLog1

In the simplest way the pixels are operated with a constant LinLog®voltage which defines the
knee point of the transition.This procedure has the drawback that the linear response curve
changes directly to a logarithmic curve leading to a poor grey resolution in the logarithmic
region (see Fig. 4.10).

tt

V a l u e 1

t

e x p

0

V

L i n L o g

= V a l u e 2

T i m e 1 = T i m e 2 = m a x .
= 1 0 0 0

Figure 4.9: Constant LinLog voltage in the Linlog1 mode

.

4.3 Pixel Response 23

4 Functionality

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Typical LinLog1 Response Curve − Varying Parameter Value1

Illumination Intensity

Output grey level (8 bit) [DN]

V1 = 15
V1 = 16

V1 = 17
V1 = 18
V1 = 19

Time1=1000, Time2=1000, Value2=Value1

Figure 4.10: Response curve for different LinLog settings in LinLog1 mode

LinLog2

To get more grey resolution in the LinLog®mode, the LinLog2 procedure was developed. In
LinLog2 mode a switching between two different logarithmic compressions occurs during the
exposure time (see Fig. 4.11). The exposure starts with strong compression with a high
LinLog®voltage (Value1). At Time1 the LinLog®voltage is switched to a lower voltage resulting in
a weaker compression. This procedure gives a LinLog®response curve with more grey
resolution. Fig. 4.12 and Fig. 4.13 show how the response curve is controlled by the three
parameters Value1, Value2 and the LinLog®time Time1.

Settings in LinLog2 mode, enable a fine tuning of the slope in the logarithmic
region.

tt

V a l u e 1

V a l u e 2

T i m e 1

t

e x p

0

V

L i n L o g

T i m e 2 = m a x .
= 1 0 0 0

T i m e 1

Figure 4.11: Voltage switching in the Linlog2 mode

.

24

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Typical LinLog2 Response Curve − Varying Parameter Time1

Illumination Intensity

Output grey level (8 bit) [DN]

T1 = 840
T1 = 920
T1 = 960

T1 = 980
T1 = 999

Time2=1000, Value1=19, Value2=14

Figure 4.12: Response curve for different LinLog settings in LinLog2 mode

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Typical LinLog2 Response Curve − Varying Parameter Time1

Illumination Intensity

Output grey level (8 bit) [DN]

T1 = 880
T1 = 900
T1 = 920
T1 = 940
T1 = 960
T1 = 980
T1 = 1000

Time2=1000, Value1=19, Value2=18

Figure 4.13: Response curve for different LinLog settings in LinLog2 mode

4.3 Pixel Response 25

4 Functionality

LinLog3

To enable more flexibility the LinLog3 mode with 4 parameters was introduced. Fig. 4.14 shows
the timing diagram for the LinLog3 mode and the control parameters.

V

L i n L o g

t

V a l u e 1

V a l u e 2

t

e x p

T i m e 2

T i m e 1

T i m e 1 T i m e 2

t

e x p

V a l u e 3 = C o n s t a n t = 0

Figure 4.14: Voltage switching in the LinLog3 mode

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Typical LinLog2 Response Curve − Varying Parameter Time2

Illumination Intensity

Output grey level (8 bit) [DN]

T2 = 950
T2 = 960
T2 = 970
T2 = 980

T2 = 990

Time1=850, Value1=19, Value2=18

Figure 4.15: Response curve for different LinLog settings in LinLog3 mode

26

4.3.3 Skimming

Skimming is a Photonfocus proprietary technology to enhance detail in dark areas of an image.
Skimming provides an adjustable level of in-pixel gain for low signal levels. It can be used
together with LinLog®to give a smooth monotonic transfer function from high gain at low
levels, through normal linear operation, to logarithmic compression for high signal levels (see
Fig. 4.16). The resulting response is similar to a gamma correction.

G r e y
V a l u e

L i g h t I n t e n s i t y

0 %

1 0 0 %

L i n e a r
R e s p o n s e

S a t u r a t i o n

S k i m m i n g

Figure 4.16: Response curve for different skimming settings

4.3 Pixel Response 27

4 Functionality

4.3.4 Grey Level Transformation (LUT)

Grey level transformation is remapping of the grey level values of an input image to new
values. The look-up table (LUT) is used to convert the greyscale value of each pixel in an image
into another grey value. It is typically used to implement a transfer curve for contrast
expansion. The camera performs a 10-to-8-bit mapping, so that 1024 input grey levels can be
mapped to 256 output grey levels. The use of the three available modes is explained in the
next sections.

The output grey level resolution of the look-up table (independent of gain,
gamma or user-definded mode) is always 8 bit.

There are 2 predefined functions, which generate a look-up table and transfer it
to the camera. For other transfer functions the user can define his own LUT file.

Gain

The ’Gain’ mode performs a digital, linear amplification (see Fig. 4.17). It is configurable in the
range from 1.0 to 4.0 (e.g. 1.234).

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Gray level transformation − Gain: y = (255/1023) ⋅ a ⋅ x

x: gray level input value (10 bit) [DN]

y: gray level output value (8 bit) [DN]

a = 1.0
a = 2.0
a = 3.0
a = 4.0

Figure 4.17: Applying a linear gain to an image

28

Gamma

The ’Gamma’ mode performs an exponential amplification, configurable in the range from 0.4
to 4.0. Gamma > 1.0 results in an attenuation of the image (see Fig. 4.18), gamma < 1.0 results
in an amplification (see Fig. 4.19).

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Gray level transformation − Gamma: y = (255 / 1023γ) ⋅ xγ (γ ≥ 1)

x: gray level input value (10 bit) [DN]

y: gray level output value (8 bit) [DN]

γ = 1.0
γ = 1.2
γ = 1.5
γ = 1.8
γ = 2.5
γ = 4.0

Figure 4.18: Applying gamma correction to an image (gamma > 1)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Gray level transformation − Gamma: y = (255 / 1023γ) ⋅ xγ (γ ≤ 1)

x: gray level input value (10 bit) [DN]

y: gray level output value (8 bit) [DN]

γ = 1.0
γ = 0.9
γ = 0.8
γ = 0.6
γ = 0.4

Figure 4.19: Applying gamma correction to an image (gamma < 1)

4.3 Pixel Response 29

4 Functionality

User-defined Look-up Table

In the ’User’ mode, the mapping of input to output grey levels can be configured arbitrarily by
the user. There is an example file in the PFRemote folder.

U s e r L U T

y = f ( x )

1 0 b i t

8 b i t

Figure 4.20: Data path through LUT

4.4 Test Images

Test images are generated in the camera FPGA, independent of the image sensor. They can be
used to check the transmission path from the camera to the frame grabber. Independent from
the configured grey level resolution, every possible grey level appears the same number of
times in a test image. Therefore, the histogram of the received image must be flat.

A test image is a useful tool to find data transmission errors that are caused most
often by a defective cable between camera and frame grabber.

The test images are optimised for the OEM-D1024E cameras due to the resolu­tion that is a power of 2 (1024 x 1024 pixels). The test images of the OEM-D752E
camera contain the first 752 x 582 pixels of the OEM-D1024E test images and
therefore the histogram will not appear flat.

4.4.1 OEM-D1024E Test Images

Ramp

Depending on the configured grey level resolution, the ramp test image outputs a constant
pattern with increasing grey level from the left to the right side (see Fig. 4.21).

Figure 4.21: Ramp test images: 8 bit output (left), 10 b it output (middle), 12 bit output (right)

30

A test image is a useful tool to find data transmission errors that are caused most
often by a defective cable between camera and frame grabber.

LFSR

The LFSR (linear feedback shift register) test image outputs a constant pattern with a
pseudo-random grey level sequence containing every possible grey level that is repeated for
every row. In 12 bit mode only a fourth of all possible grey values appear.

Figure 4.22: LFSR test image

Please refer to application note [AN026] for the calculation and the values of the LFSR test
image.

4.4.2 OEM-D752E Test Images

Ramp

Depending on the configured grey level resolution, the ramp test image outputs a constant
pattern with increasing grey level from the left to the right side (see Fig. 4.23). Table 4.2
explains the grey levels that are contained in the test images.

In the 10 bit and 12 bit test image, not every possible grey level is present in the
full resolution of 752 x 582 pixels.

A test image is a useful tool to find data transmission errors that are caused most
often by a defective cable between camera and frame grabber.

4.4 Test Images 31

4 Functionality

Test Image Ramp Pattern

8 bit ramp image (256 DN) 582 rows with 0 .. 255 DN, 0 .. 255 DN, 0 .. 239 DN

10 bit ramp image (1024 DN) 582 rows with 0 .. 751 DN

12 bit ramp image (4096 DN) 256 rows with 0 .. 751 DN; 256 rows with 1024 .. 1775 DN; 70

rows with 2048 .. 2799 DN

Table 4.2: Grey levels in ramp test images

Figure 4.23: Ramp test images: 8 bit output (left), 10 b it output (middle), 12 bit output (right)

LFSR

The LFSR (linear feedback shift register) test image outputs a constant pattern with a 10 bit
pseudo-random grey level sequence. In the 8 bit mode, the two LSBs are cut away.

Figure 4.24: LFSR test image

Please see [AN026] for the LFSR algorithm and the output data.

4.4.3 Troubleshooting using the LFSR

To control the quality of your complete imaging system enable the LFSR mode and check the
histogram. If your vision solution does not provide a real-time histogram, store the image and
use a graphics software to display the histogram.
In the LFSR (linear feedback shift register) mode the camera module generates a constant test
pattern containing all grey levels. If the data transmission is error free, the histogram of the
received LFSR test pattern will be flat (Fig. 4.25). On the other hand, a non-flat histogram (Fig.

4.26) indicates problems, that may be caused by the interface.

The LFSR test works only for an image width of 1024, otherwise the histogram
will not be flat.

The ramp test image should be used for the OEM-D752 camera and the resolu­tion should be set to 512 x 512 pixels. This setup will result in a flat histogram.

32

Figure 4.25: LFSR test pattern received at the frame grabber and typical histogram for error-free data
transmission

Figure 4.26: LFSR test pattern received at the frame grabber and histogram containing transmission errors

.

4.4 Test Images 33

4 Functionality

4.5 Image Correction

4.5.1 Overview

The OEM-D1024E and the OEM-D752E camera module series possess image pre-processing
features, that compensate for non-uniformities caused by the sensor, the lens or the
illumination. This method of improving the image quality is generally known as ’Shading
Correction’ or ’Flat Field Correction’ and consists of a combination of offset correction, gain
correction and pixel interpolation.

Since the correction is performed in hardware, there is no performance limita­tion for high frame rates.

The offset correction subtracts a configurable positive or negative value from the live image
and thus reduces the fixed pattern noise of the CMOS sensor. In addition, hot pixels can be
removed by interpolation. The gain correction can be used to flatten uneven illumination or to
compensate shading effects of a lens. Both offset and gain correction work on a pixel-per-pixel
basis, i.e. every pixel is corrected separately. For the correction, a black reference and a grey
reference image are required. Then, the correction values are determined automatically in the
camera module.

Do not set any reference images when gain or LUT is enabled!

Correction values of both reference images can be saved into the internal flash memory, but
this overwrites the factory presets. Then the reference images that are delivered by factory
cannot be restored anymore.

4.5.2 Offset Correction (FPN, Hot Pixels)

The offset correction is based on a black reference image, which is taken at no illumination
(e.g. lens aperture completely closed). The black reference image contains the fixed-pattern
noise of the sensor, which can be subtracted from the live images in order to minimise the
static noise.

Offset correction algorithm

After configuring the camera modules with a black reference image, the camera modules are
ready to apply the offset correction:

1. Determine the average value of the black reference image.

2. Subtract the black reference image from the average value.

3. Mark pixels that have a grey level higher than 1008 DN (@ 12 bit) as hot pixels.

4. Store the result in the camera module as the offset correction matrix.

5. During image acquisition, subtract the correction matrix from the acquired image and
interpolate the hot pixels (see Section 4.5.2).

34

4

4

4

31

21

3 1

4 32

3

4

1

1

2 4 14

4

3

1

3

4

b l a c k r e f e r e n c e
i m a g e

1

1

1

2

- 1

2

- 2

- 1

0

1

- 1

1

- 1

0

2

0

- 1

0

- 2

0

1

1

- 2

- 2 - 2

a v e r a g e

o f b l a c k

r e f e r e n c e

p i c t u r e

=

-

o f f s e t c o r r e c t i o n
m a t r i x

Figure 4.27: Offset correction

How to Obtain a Black Reference Image

In order to improve the image quality, the black reference image must meet certain demands.

• The black reference image must be obtained at no illumination, e.g. with lens aperture
closed or closed lens opening.

• It may be necessary to adjust the black level offset of the camera modules. In the
histogram of the black reference image, ideally there are no grey levels at value 0 DN
after adjustment of the black level offset. All pixels that are saturated black (0 DN) will
not be properly corrected (see Fig. 4.28). The peak in the histogram should be well below
the hot pixel threshold of 1008 DN @ 12 bit.

• Camera module settings such as exposure time, LinLog, skimming and digital gain may
influence the grey level. Therefore, for best results the camera module settings of the
black reference image must be identical with the camera module settings of the image to
be corrected.

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Histogram of the uncorrected black reference image

Grey level, 12 Bit [DN]

Relative number of pixels [−]

black level offset ok
black level offset too low

Figure 4.28: Histogram of a proper black reference image for offset correction

Hot pixel correction

Every pixel that exceeds a certain threshold in the black reference image is marked as a hot
pixel. If the hot pixel correction is switched on, the camera module replaces the value of a hot
pixel by an average of its neighbour pixels (see Fig. 4.29).

4.5 Image Correction 35

4 Functionality

h o t

p i x e l

p

n

p

n - 1

p

n + 1

p

n

=

p

n - 1

+ p

n + 1

2

Figure 4.29: Hot pixel interpolation

4.5.3 Gain Correction

The gain correction is based on a grey reference image, which is taken at uniform illumination
to give an image with a mid grey level.

Gain correction is not a trivial feature. The quality of the grey reference image
is crucial for proper gain correction.

Gain correction algorithm

After configuring the camera module with a black and grey reference image, the camera
module is ready to apply the gain correction:

1. Determine the average value of the grey reference image.

2. Subtract the offset correction matrix from the grey reference image.

3. Divide the average value by the offset corrected grey reference image.

4. Pixels that have a grey level bigger than a certain threshold are marked as hot pixels.

5. Store the result in the camera module as the gain correction matrix.

6. During image acquisition, multiply the gain correction matrix from the offset-corrected
acquired image and interpolate the hot pixels (see Section 4.5.2).

:

7

1 0

9

79

78

7 9

4 32

3

4

1

1

9 6 84

6

1 0

1

3

4

g r e y r e f e r e n c e
p i c t u r e

a v e r a g e

o f g r e y

r e f e r e n c e

p i c t u r e

)

1

1 . 2

1

0 . 9

1

1 . 2

- 2

0 . 9 1

1

- 1

1

0 . 8

1

1

0

1 . 3

0 . 8

1

0

1

1

- 2

- 2 - 2

=

1

1

1

2

- 1

2

- 2

- 1

0

1

- 1

1

- 1

0

2

0

- 1

0

- 2

0

1

1

- 2

- 2 - 2

-

)

o f f s e t c o r r e c t i o n
m a t r i x

g a i n c o r r e c t i o n
m a t r i x

Figure 4.30: Gain Correction

Gain correction always needs an offset correction matrix, so the offset correction
has to be performed before the gain correction.

36

How to Obtain a Grey Reference Image

In order to improve the image quality, the grey reference image must meet certain demands.

• The grey reference image must be obtained at uniform illumination.

Use a high quality light source that delivers uniform illumination. Standard illu­mination will not be appropriate.

• When looking at the histogram of the grey reference image, ideally there are no grey
levels at full scale (4095 DN @ 12 bit). All pixels that are saturated white will not be
properly corrected (see Fig. 4.31).

• Camera module settings such as exposure time, LinLog, skimming and digital gain may
influence the grey level. Therefore, the camera module settings of the grey reference
image must be identical with the camera module settings of the image to be corrected.

2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Histogram of the uncorrected grey reference image

Grey level, 12 Bit [DN]

Relative number of pixels [−]

grey reference image ok
grey reference image too bright

Figure 4.31: Proper grey reference image for gain correction

4.5.4 Corrected Image

Offset, gain and hot pixel correction can be switched on seperately. The following
configurations are possible:

• No correction

• Offset correction only

• Offset and hot pixel correction

• Hot pixel correction only

• Offset and gain correction

• Offset, gain and hot pixel correction

In addition, the black reference image and grey reference image that are currently stored in
the camera module RAM can be output.
Table 4.3 shows the maximum values of the correction matrices, i.e. the error range that the
offset and gain algorithm can correct.

.

4.5 Image Correction 37

4 Functionality

5

7

6

57

66

5 6

4 37

3

4

7

1

7 4 64

4

3

1

3

4

c u r r e n t i m a g e

)

5

6

6

55

65

5 4

4 37

3

4

7

1

7 4 64

4

3

1

3

4

)

1

1

1

2

- 1

2

- 2

- 1

0

1

- 1

1

- 1

0

2

0

- 1

0

- 2

0

1

1

- 2

- 2 - 2

o f f s e t c o r r e c t i o n
m a t r i x

-

1

1 . 2

1

0 . 9

1

1 . 2

- 2

0 . 9

1

1

- 1

1

0 . 8

1

1

0

1 . 3

0 . 8

1

0

1

1

- 2 - 2 - 2

g a i n c o r r e c t i o n
m a t r i x

=

.

c o r r e c t e d i m a g e

)

Figure 4.32: Corrected image

minimum maximum

Offset correction -508 DN @ 12 bit +508 DN @ 12 bit

Gain correction 0.42 2.67

Table 4.3: Offset and gain correction ranges

4.6 Reduction of Image Size

With Photonfocus camera modules there are several possibilities to focus on the interesting
parts of an image, thus reducing the data rate and increasing the frame rate. The most
commonly used feature is Region of Interest (ROI).

4.6.1 Region of Interest (ROI)

Some applications do not need full image resolution (e.g. 1024x1024 pixels). By reducing the
image size to a certain region of interest (ROI), the frame rate can be drastically increased. A
region of interest can be almost any rectangular window and is specified by its position within
the full frame and its width and height. Fig. 4.33 gives some possible configurations for a
region of interest, and Table 4.4 shows some numerical examples of how the frame rate can be
increased by reducing the ROI.

Both reductions in x- and y-direction result in a higher frame rate.

a )

b ) c ) d )

Figure 4.33: ROI configuration examples

38

ROI Dimension OEM-D752E-40 OEM-D1024E-40 OEM-D1024E-80 OEM-D1024E-160

1024 x 1024 - 37 fps 74 fps 149 fps

752 x 582 87 fps 87 fps 178 356

512 x 512 149 fps 149 fps 293 fps 586 fps

256 x 256 585 fps 585 fps 1127 fps 2230 fps

128 x 128 2230 fps 2230 fps 4081 fps 7843 fps

128 x 16 15 000 fps 15 000 fps 23041 fps 37453 fps

Table 4.4: Frame rates of different ROI settings (exposure time 10 µs; correction off, CFR off, skimming off
and sequential readout mode).

Exposure time OEM-D752E-40 OEM-D1024E-40 OEM-D1024E-80 OEM-D1024E-160

10 µs 87 fps 37 fps 74 / 74 fps 149 / 148 fps

100 µs 87 fps 37 fps 74 / 74 fps 147 / 146 fps

500 µs 86 fps 37 fps 72 / 72 fps 139 / 139 fps

1 ms 82 fps 36 fps 69 / 72 fps 130 / 139 fps

2 ms 76 fps 35 fps 65 / 72 fps 115 / 140 fps

5 ms 62 fps 31 fps 54 / 72 fps 85 / 140 fps

10 ms 47 fps 27 fps 42 / 72 fps 60 / 99 fps

12 ms 43 fps 26 fps 39 / 72 fps 53 / 82 fps

Table 4.5: Frame rate of different exposure times, [sequential readout mode / simultaneous readout mode],
resolution 1024x1024 pixel (correction off, CFR off and skimming off).

The OEM-D752E-40 and the OEM-D1024E-40 camera modules do not support the
simultaneous readout mode.

Calculation of the maximum frame rate

The frame rate mainly depends of the exposure time and readout time. The frame rate is the
inverse of the frame time. In the following formulars the minimum frame time is calculated.
When using CFR mode the frame time can get extended.

fps =

1

t

frame

Calculation of the frame time (sequential mode)

t

frame

≥ t

exp

+ tro+ t

proc

+ t

RAM

Calculation of the frame time (simultaneous mode)

t

frame

≥ max(t

exp

+ 76 µs, tro+ 476 µs) + t

RAM

4.6 Reduction of Image Size 39

4 Functionality

t

ro

= t

CLK

* (Py* (

P

x

taps

+ LP) + LP)

t

proc

= t

Normal

+ t

CFR

+ t

FPN

+ t

Skim

t

RAM

=

1

128

* (tro+ 1375 ns) - (t

exp

+ t

proc

)

When the result of t

RAM

is negative, set it to 0.

t

frame

frame time

t

exp

exposure time

t

ro

readout time

t

proc

processing time

t

RAM

RAM refresh time

t

Normal

constant latency

t

CFR

constant frame rate latency, only when CFR is enabled

t

FPN

correction latency, only when correction is enabled

t

Skim

skim latency, only when Skimming is enabled

t

CLK

pixel clock

taps CameraLink taps

P

X

number of pixels in x-direction

P

Y

number of pixels in y-direction (+1, for MV-D1024E-80 and MV-D1024E-160)

LP line pause, constant LP = 8 for all models

OEM-D752E-40 OEM-D1024E-40 OEM-D1024E-80 OEM-D1024E-160

t

exp

10 µs - 419 ms 10 µs - 419 ms 10 µs - 838 ms 25 µs - 419 ms

t

Normal

1975 ns 1975 ns 2600 ns 1300 ns

t

CFR

850 ns 850 ns 0 0

t

FPN

150 ns 150 ns 0 0

t

Skim

51.125 µs 51.125 µs 101.6 µs 50.8 µs

t

CLK

25 ns 25 ns 25 ns 12.5 ns

taps 1 1 2 2

P

Y

Window H Window H Window H + 1 Window H + 1

Table 4.6: Camera module specific values for frame time calculations

A calculator for calculating the maximum frame rate is available in the support
area of the Photonfocus website. Please use for the calcutions the corresponding
camera model.

40

4.6.2 Multiple Regions of Interest

The camera module series can handle up to 16 different regions of interest. This feature can be
used to reduce the image data and increase the frame rate. An application example for using
multiple regions of interest (MROI) is a laser triangulation system with several laser lines. The
multiple ROIs are joined together and form a single image, which is transferred to the frame
grabber.
An ROI is defined by its starting value in y-direction and its height. Every ROI within a MROI
must be of the same width. The maximum frame rate in MROI mode depends on the number
of rows and columns being read out. Overlapping ROIs are allowed. See Section 4.6.1 for
information on the calculation of the maximum frame rate.

Figure 4.34: Multiple Regions of Interest with 5 ROIs

4.6.3 Decimation

Decimation reduces the number of pixels in x- and y-direction. Decimation can also be used
together with ROI or MROI. Decimation in y-direction transfers every nthrow only and directly
results in reduced read-out time and higher frame rate respectively. Decimation in x-direction
transfers every pixel of a row, but uses the CameraLink DVAL (data valid) signal to indicate
which pixels to mask (see Fig. 4.35). Therefore it cannot be used to increase the frame rate.

The OEM-D1024E-80 and OEM-D1024E-160 camera modules do not support dec­imation in x-direction.

4.7 External Trigger

An external trigger is an event that starts an exposure. The trigger signal is either generated
on the user electronic (soft-trigger) or comes from an external device such as a light barrier. If a
trigger signal is applied to the camera module before the earliest time for the next trigger, this

4.7 External Trigger 41

4 Functionality

P C L K

F V A L

L V A L

D A T A

D e c i m a t i o n x - d i r e c t i o n

D V A L

v

n v

v

n v

v

n v

v n v

v

n v v

n v

v D a t a i s

v a l i d

n v D a t a i s

n o t v a l i d

Figure 4.35: Decimation in x-direction uses the hand shake signal DVAL in the OEM-D752E-40 and in the
OEM-D1024E-40 camera modules

trigger will be ignored. The camera module property Counter.MissedTrigger stores the number
of trigger events which where ignored.

4.7.1 Trigger Source

The trigger signal can be configured to be active high or active low. One of the following
trigger sources can be used:

Interface Trigger In the interface trigger mode, the trigger signal is applied to the OEM

camera module by the user electronic.

I/O Trigger In the I/O trigger mode, the trigger signal is applied directly to the OEM camera

module by an additional trigger signal.

4.36 serves to demonstrate two different ways to trigger the OEM camera modules. The
example displays the possible input either from the CameraLink interface or from the trigger
input via the opto isolated trigger.

I n t e r f a c e T r i g g e r

D A T A

C a m e r a

o p t o
I / O

C L

F r a m e g r a b b e r

A n y T r i g g e r
S o u r c e

I / O T r i g g e r

A n y T r i g g e r
S o u r c e

Figure 4.36: Trigger Inputs of the OEM camera modules, demonstrated here for clarity in the context of a
camera vision system

4.7.2 Trigger Mode

Depending on the trigger mode, the exposure time can be determined either by the camera
module or by the trigger signal itself:

42

Camera-module-controlled Exposure In this trigger mode the exposure time is defined by the

camera module. For an active high trigger signal, the camera module starts the exposure
with a positive trigger edge and stops it when the preprogrammed exposure time has
elapsed. The exposure time is defined by the software.

Level-controlled Exposure In this trigger mode the exposure time is defined by the pulse width

of the trigger pulse. For an active high trigger signal, the camera module starts the
exposure with the positive edge of the trigger signal and stops it with the negative edge.

Figure 4.37 gives an overview over the available trigger modes. The signal ExSync stands for the
trigger signal, which is provided either through the interface or the I/O trigger. For more
information and the respective timing diagrams see Section 5.4

C a m e r a c o n t r o l l e d
e x p o s u r e

L e v e l c o n t r o l l e d
e x p o s u r e

E x p o s u r e S t a r t E x p o s u r e S t o p

E x S y n c C a m e r a

E x S y n c E x S y n c

P o l a r i t y A c t i v e H i g h

E x p o s u r e S t a r t E x p o s u r e S t o p

E x S y n c C a m e r a

E x S y n c E x S y n c

P o l a r i t y A c t i v e L o w

R i s i n g E d g e

F a l l i n g E d g e

Figure 4.37: Trigger Inputs of the OEM camera modules

4.7.3 Trigger Delay

Programmable delay in milliseconds between the incoming trigger edge and the start of the
exposure. This feature may be required to synchronize to external strobe with the exposure of
the camera module.

4.8 Strobe Output

The strobe output can be used to trigger a strobe. The strobe output can be used both in
free-running and in trigger mode. There is a programmable delay available to adjust the
strobe pulse to your application.

4.9 Configuration of the OEM interface

The OEM camera modules can be controlled by the user via a RS232 compatible asynchronous
serial interface with LVCMOS levels. The interface is accessible via the board connectors.

4.8 Strobe Output 43

4 Functionality

44

5

Hardware Interface

5.1 Connectors

5.1.1 Power Supply

The OEM camera modules require several power supply voltages. The OEM camera modules
meet all performance specifications using standard switching power supplies, although
well-regulated linear power supplies provide optimum performance.

It is extremely important that you apply the appropriate voltages to your OEM
camera module. Incorrect voltages will damage the OEM camera modules.

Table 3.5 and Table 3.6 are summarizing the supply currents and the voltages for the different
supply voltages. The minimum noise level should not exceed +/- 20 mV.

45

5 Hardware Interface

5.1.2 Pinout PCB connector

The pinout of the OEM camera module PCB connector and the signal definitions are
surmmarized in the following tables (see Table 5.1, Table 5.2, Table 5.3, and Table 5.4). The
signal definitions are given in Section 5.2 to Section 5.4.

Pin I/O Name Function

39 O DATA19 Image data bit 19

37 O DATA18 Image data bit 18

35 O DATA17 Image data bit 17

33 O DATA16 Image data bit 16

31 O DATA15 Image data bit 15

29 O DATA14 Image data bit 14

27 O DATA13 Image data bit 13

25 O DATA12 Image data bit 12

23 O DATA11 Image data bit 11

21 O DATA10 Image data bit 10

19 O DATA9 Image data bit 9

17 O DATA8 Image data bit 8

15 O DATA7 Image data bit 7

13 O DATA6 Image data bit 6

11 O DATA5 Image data bit 5

9 O DATA4 Image data bit 4

7 O DATA3 Image data bit 3

5 O DATA2 Image data bit 2

3 O DATA1 Image data bit 1

1 O DATA0 Image data bit 0

Table 5.1: Definition of the pinout of the OEM camera module PCB connector (odd row, pin 39 to 1)

46

Pin I/O Name Function

79 PW VDD_50 5.0 Volt power supply

77 PW VDD_50 5.0 Volt power supply

75 PW VDD_33 3.3 Volt power supply

73 PW VDD_18 1.8 Volt power supply

71 O DC_DC_CLK Clock for DCDC power regulators (from 1.5 to 2 MHz), for fix

switching frequency of 1.5 MHz, do not connect

69 O STROBE Special Strobe Output

67 I TRIGGER Special Trigger Input

65 I CC2 External master clock

63 I CC4 External control

61 I CC3 External exposure control

59 I CC1 External synchronization

57 O CL_SPARE CameraLink signal, do not connect

55 O PIXEL_CLK Pixel clock, data changes with rising edge

53 O DATA_VALID Data valid, indicates active data

51 O LINE_VALID Line valid, indicates active line

49 O FRAME_VALID Frame valid, indicates active frame

47 O DATA23 Image data bit 23

45 O DATA22 Image data bit 22

43 O DATA21 Image data bit 21

41 O DATA20 Image data bit 20

Table 5.2: Definition of the pinout of the OEM camera module PCB connector (odd row, pin 79 to 41)

5.1 Connectors 47

5 Hardware Interface

Pin I/O Name Function

40 I/O RESERVED reserved for future implementations, do not connect

38 PW GND Ground

36 O LED_GREEN Indicates active image data transmission (inverted

FRAME_VALID)

34 PW GND Ground

32 O LED_RED Indicates active RS232 communication (LED_RED = RX and TX)

30 PW GND Ground

28 O TCD JTAG, do not connect

26 PW GND Ground

24 O TMS JTAG, do not connect

22 PW GND Ground

20 O TDI JTAG, do not connect

18 PW GND Ground

16 I TDO JTAG, do not connect

14 PW GND Ground

12 O Misc_Analog Miscellaneous analog voltage, not provided by all sensor

boards, do not connect

10 PW GND Ground

8 O MISC_DIGITAL Interface reset, low active, do not connect

6 PW GND Ground

4 O Global Reset Indication of sensor board state (active...), do not connect

2 PW GND Ground

Table 5.3: Definition of the pinout of the OEM camera module PCB connector (even row, pin 40 to 2)

48

Pin I/O Name Function

80 PW VDD_50 5.0 Volt power supply

78 PW VDD_33 3.3 Volt power supply

76 PW VDD_33 3.3 Volt power supply

74 PW VDD_18 1.8 Volt power supply

72 PW GND Ground

70 O TX TX RS232 interface (from camera), 3.3 V

68 I RX RX RS232 interface (to camera), 3.3 V

66 PW GND Ground

64 I/O RESERVED reserved for future implementations, do not connect

62 I/O RESERVED reserved for future implementations, do not connect

60 I/O RESERVED reserved for future implementations, do not connect

58 I/O RESERVED reserved for future implementations, do not connect

56 PW GND Ground

54 I/O RESERVED reserved for future implementations, do not connect

52 I/O RESERVED reserved for future implementations, do not connect

50 I/O RESERVED reserved for future implementations, do not connect

48 I/O RESERVED reserved for future implementations, do not connect

46 PW GND Ground

44 I/O RESERVED reserved for future implementations, do not connect

42 PW GND Ground

Table 5.4: Definition of the pinout of the OEM camera module PCB connector (even row, pin 80 to 42)

5.1 Connectors 49

5 Hardware Interface

5.2 Parallel Data Interface

The interface of the OEM camera modules is a parallel data interface, which follows the AIA
standard. On the module connector the signals are available in a parallel format. The AIA
standard contains signals for transferring the image data, control information and the serial
communication.

Data signals: Data signals contain the image data. In addition, handshaking signals such as

FVAL, LVAL and DVAL are transmitted (see 5.6).

Camera module control information: Camera module control signals (CC-signals) can be

defined by the user to provide certain signals to the camera module. There are 4
CC-signals available and all are inputs of the camera module. For example, the external
trigger is provided by a CC-signal (see Table 5.5 for the CC-signal assignment).

CC1 EXSYNC External Trigger. May be generated either by the frame grabber itself

(software trigger) or by an external event (hardware trigger).

CC2 CTRL0 Control0. This signal is reserved for future purposes and is not used.

CC3 CTRL1 Control1. This signal is reserved for future purposes and is not used.

CC4 CTRL2 Control2. This signal is reserved for future purposes and is not used.

Table 5.5: Summary of the Camera Module Control (CC) signals as used by Photonfocus

Pixel clock: The pixel clock is generated on the camera module and is provided to the

following electronics for synchronisation.

Serial communication: The camera module can be controlled by the user via a RS232

compatible asynchronous serial interface.

The user’s vision system needs to be configured with the proper tap and resolution settings,
otherwise the image will be distorted or not displayed with the correct aspect ratio. Refer to
Section 3.4 for the parameters needed for interfacing.

50

5.3 Read-out Timing

5.3.1 Free running Mode

Sequential readout timing

By default, the camera module is in free running mode and delivers images without any
external control signals. The sensor is operated in sequential readout mode, which means that
the sensor is read out after the exposure time. Then the sensor is reset, a new exposure starts
and the readout of the image information begins again. The data is output on the rising edge
of the pixel clock. The signals FRAME_VALID (FVAL) and LINE_VALID (LVAL) mask valid image
information. The signal SHUTTER indicates the active exposure period of the sensor and is shown
for clarity only.

P C L K

S H U T T E R

F V A L

L V A L

D V A L

D A T A

L i n e p a u s e

L i n e p a u s e L i n e p a u s e

F i r s t L i n e L a s t L i n e

E x p o s u r e
T i m e

F r a m e T i m e

C P R E

Figure 5.1: Timing diagram sequential readout mode

Simultaneous readout timing

To achieve highest possible frame rates, the camera module must be set to "Free-running
mode" with simultaneous readout. The camera module continuously delivers images as fast as
possible. Exposure time of the next image can start during the readout time of the current
image. The data is output on the rising edge of the pixel clock. The signals FRAME_VALID (FVAL)
and LINE_VALID (LVAL) mask valid image information. The signal SHUTTER indicates the active
integration phase of the sensor and is shown for clarity only.

5.3 Read-out Timing 51

5 Hardware Interface

P C L K

S H U T T E R

F V A L

L V A L

D V A L

D A T A

L i n e p a u s e

L i n e p a u s e L i n e p a u s e

F i r s t L i n e L a s t L i n e

E x p o s u r e
T i m e

F r a m e T i m e

C P R E

E x p o s u r e
T i m e

C P R E

Figure 5.2: Timing diagram simultaneous readout mode (readout time > exposure time)

P C L K

S H U T T E R

F V A L

L V A L

D V A L

D A T A

L i n e p a u s e

L i n e p a u s e L i n e p a u s e

F i r s t L i n e L a s t L i n e

F r a m e T i m e

C P R E

E x p o s u r e T i m e

C P R E

Figure 5.3: Timing diagram simultaneous readout mode (readout time < exposure time)

52

Frame time Frame time is the inverse of frame rate.

Exposure time Period during which the pixels are integrating the incoming light.

PCLK Pixel clock on parallel data interface.

SHUTTER Internal signal, shown only for clarity. Is ’high’ during the exposure

time.

FVAL (Frame Valid) Is ’high’ while the data of one whole frame are transferred.

LVAL (Line Valid) Is ’high’ while the data of one line are transferred. Example: To transfer

an image with 640 x 480 pixels, there are 480 LVAL within one FVAL
active high period. One LVAL lasts 640 pixel clock cycles.

DVAL (Data Valid) Is ’high’ while data are valid.

DATA Transferred pixel values. Example: For a 100 x 100 pixel image, there

are 100 values transferred within one LVAL active high period, or
100*100 values within one FVAL period.

Line pause Delay before the first line and after every following line when reading

out the image data.

Table 5.6: Explanation of control and data signals used in the timing diagram

These terms will be used also in the timing diagrams of Section 5.4.

5.3.2 Constant Frame Rate Mode (CFR)

When the camera module is in constant frame rate mode, the frame rate can be varied up to
the maximum frame rate. Thus, fewer images can be acquired than determined by the frame
time. When constant frame rate is switched off, the camera module outputs images with
maximum speed, depending on the exposure time and the read-out time. The frame rate
depends directly on the exposure time.

Constant Frame Rate mode is not available together with external trigger mode.

5.3 Read-out Timing 53

5 Hardware Interface

E x p o s u r e t i m e R e a d o u t t i m e

F r a m e t i m e

E x p o s u r e t i m e R e a d o u t t i m e

F r a m e t i m e

E x p o s u r e t i m e R e a d o u t t i m e

F r a m e t i m e

c f r

t i m e

E x p o s u r e t i m e R e a d o u t t i m e

F r a m e t i m e

c f r

t i m e

C F R o f f

C F R o n

Figure 5.4: Constant Frame Rate with sequential readout mode

E x p o s u r e t i m e

R e a d o u t t i m e

F r a m e t i m e

E x p o s u r e t i m e

R e a d o u t t i m e

F r a m e t i m e

E x p o s u r e t i m e

R e a d o u t t i m e

F r a m e t i m e

E x p o s u r e t i m e

R e a d o u t t i m e

c f r

t i m e

c f r

t i m e

i d l e

i d l e

c f r

t i m e

i d l e

c f r

t i m e

i d l e

F r a m e t i m e

C F R o f f

C F R o n

Figure 5.5: Constant Frame Rate with simultaneous readout mode (readout time > exposure time)

E x p o s u r e t i m e

R e a d o u t t i m e

F r a m e t i m e

E x p o s u r e t i m e

R e a d o u t t i m e

F r a m e t i m e

E x p o s u r e t i m e

R e a d o u t t i m e

F r a m e t i m e

E x p o s u r e t i m e

R e a d o u t t i m e

c f r

t i m e

c f r

t i m e

idl

e

idl

e

i d l e

c f r

t i m e

i d l e

c f r

t i m e

F r a m e t i m e

C F R o f f

C F R o n

Figure 5.6: Constant Frame Rate with simultaneous readout mode (readout time < exposure time)

54

5.4 Trigger

5.4.1 Trigger Modes

The following sections show the timing diagram for the trigger modes. The signal ExSync
denotes the trigger signal that is provided either by the interface trigger or the I/O trigger (see
Section 4.7). The other signals are explained in Table 5.6.

Camera module controlled Exposure

In the camera module controlled trigger mode, the exposure is defined by the camera module
and is configurable by software. For an active high trigger signal, the image acquisition begins
with the rising edge of the trigger signal. The image is read out after the pre-configured
exposure time. After the readout, the sensor returns to the reset state and the camera module
waits for a new trigger pulse (see Fig. 5.7).
The data is output on the rising edge of the pixel clock, the handshaking signals FRAME_VALID
(FVAL) and LINE_VALID (LVAL) mask valid image information. The signal SHUTTER in Fig. 5.7
indicates the active integration phase of the sensor and is shown for clarity only.

P C L K

S H U T T E R

F V A L

L V A L

D V A L

D A T A

L i n e p a u s e

L i n e p a u s e L i n e p a u s e

F i r s t L i n e L a s t L i n e

E x p o s u r e
T i m e

F r a m e T i m e

E X S Y N C

C P R E

Figure 5.7: Trigger timing diagram for camera module controlled exposure

5.4 Trigger 55

5 Hardware Interface

Level-controlled Exposure

In the level-controlled trigger mode, the exposure time is defined by the pulse width of the
external trigger signal. For an active high trigger signal, the image acquisition begins with the
rising edge and stops with the falling edge of the external trigger signal. Then the image is
read out. After that, the sensor returns to the idle state and the camera module waits for a
new trigger pulse (see Fig. 5.8). The data is output on the rising edge of the pixel clock, the
handshaking signals FRAME_VALID (FVAL) and LINE_VALID (LVAL) mask valid image information. The
signal SHUTTER in Fig. 5.8 indicates the active integration phase of the sensor and is shown for
clarity only.

Level-controlled exposure is not supported in simultaneous readout mode.

P C L K

S H U T T E R

F V A L

L V A L

D V A L

D A T A

L i n e p a u s e

L i n e p a u s e L i n e p a u s e

F i r s t L i n e L a s t L i n e

E x p o s u r e
T i m e

F r a m e T i m e

E X S Y N C

C P R E

Figure 5.8: Trigger timing diagram for level controlled exposure

56

5.4.2 Trigger Delay

This section serves to demonstrate the possible realization of a trigger delay setup in a user’s
application system.

For the purpose of clarity the example shown in Fig. 5.9 refers to a camera setup
with CameraLink interface and CameraLink frame grabber.

The total delay between the trigger edge and the camera exposure consists of the delay in the
frame grabber and the camera (Fig. 5.9). Usually, the delay in the frame grabber is relatively
large to avoid accidental triggers caused by voltage spikes (see Fig. 5.10). The trigger can also
be delayed by the property Trigger.Delay.

I n t e r f a c e T r i g g e r

D A T A

P O R T A

P O R T B

C a m e r a

C a m e r a L i n k

®

F

r a m e G r a b b e r

I / O B o a r d

C C 1

I / O C o n t r o l

o p t o
I / O

T r i g g e r S o u r c e

1

2

3

1

4

T r i g g e r S o u r c e

I / O T r i g g e r

T r i g g e r

Figure 5.9: Trigger Delay visualisation from the trigger source to the camera module in a camera and frame
grabber setup

.

5.4 Trigger 57

5 Hardware Interface

1

2

3

t

d _ F G

t

j i t t e r

t

d _ c a m e r a

T R I G G E R

E X S Y N C

I n t . E X S Y N C

S H U T T E R

T r i g g e r s o u r c e

F r a m e g r a b b e r

C a m e r a

C a m e r a

t

d _ o p t o I / O

t

d _ c a m e r a

4

C a m e r a o p t o I / O

C a m e r a

Figure 5.10: Timing Diagram for Trigger Delay

For the delay in the frame grabber, please ask your frame grabber manufacturer. The camera
module delay consists of a constant trigger delay and a variable delay (jitter).

Trigger delay type Description

t

d−FG

Trigger delay of the frame grabber, refer to frame grabber manual

t

jitter

Variable camera module trigger delay (max. 25 ns)

t

d−camera

Constant camera module trigger delay (150 ns)

Table 5.7: Trigger Delay

58

6

Mechanical and Optical Considerations

6.1 Mechanical Interface

The user interface is placed at the bottom of the OEM modules. This also applies for the OEM
modules OEM-D1024E-80 and OEM-D1024-160, which consist of 2 PCB boards. The general
mechanical data of the OEM camera modules are listed in Section 3, Table 3.5 and Table 3.6.
The mechanical dimensions of the sensor modules (OEM-D752E and OEM-D1024E) are shown in
Fig. 6.1. The mechanical dimensions of the ADC module are given in Fig. 6.2.
During storage and transport, the OEM camera modules should be protected against vibration,
shock, moisture and dust. The original packaging protects the OEM camera modules
adequately from vibration and shock during storage and transport. Please either retain this
packaging for possible later use or dispose of it according to local regulations.

4 4

3 8

4 4

3 8

4 4

3 8

1 . 6

8 . 1

5

4

3

B o t t o m

T o p

2 5 . 2

9 . 4

9 . 4

S e n s o r

2 2

P C B - P C B c o n

2 . 8

1

2

7 9

8 0

Figure 6.1: Mechanical dimensions of the OEM-D752E and of the OEM-D1024E sensor modules

The pin numbers of the PCB board-to-board connectors are indicated in Fig. 6.1 and Fig. 6.2 for
clarity of pin assignment. The PCB board-to-board connectors (DF17 series, two-piece
connector, stacking height 5-8 mm) are available from Hirose (www.hirose-connectors.com).
Details of order number are listed in Table 6.1.

Connector type Part Number

Header DF17(2.0)-80DP-0.5V(51)

Receptable DF17(4.0)-80DS-0.5V(51)

Table 6.1: Ordering details of the PCB board-to-board connectors (HRS conncetors)

.

59

6 Mechanical and Optical Considerations

4 4

3 8

4 4

3 8

4 4

3 8

1 . 6

8 . 1

5

4

3

2 5 . 2

B o t t o m

T o p

P C B - P C B c o n

2 5 . 2

9 . 4

9 . 4

2 2

1

2

7 9

8 0

c o n n e c t e d t o
s e n s o r b o a r d

Figure 6.2: Mechanical dimensions of the OEM-ADCE-160-12 module. The top of the OEM-ADCE-160-12
module gets connected to the sensor PCB.

The outline dimensions of the A1024B sensor are displayed in Fig. 6.3. All dimensions are in
mm. The optical centre of the pixel matrix is located centrally in the sensor package.
The sensor die is encapsulated using a black epoxy passivation material. The optically active
area of the A1024B sensor is free of this material. The absence of a glass lid minimizes the
number of elements in the optical path to the sensor.
The upper surface of the sensor is resistant to common solvents and cleaning solutions.
Nevertheless, care must be taken when handling or cleaning the sensor, particularly since
scratching may result. For further details on sensor cleaning, please refer to Section 6.2.

60

Figure 6.3: Outline dimensions of the A1024B sensor in the OEM-D752E-40 and OEM-D1024E-40 modules.

6.2 Optical Interface

6.2.1 Cleaning the Sensor

The sensor is part of the optical path and should be handled like other optical components:
with extreme care.
Dust can obscure pixels, producing dark patches in the images captured. Dust is most visible
when the illumination is collimated. Dark patches caused by dust or dirt shift position as the
angle of illumination changes. Dust is normally not visible when the sensor is positioned at the
exit port of an integrating sphere, where the illumination is diffuse.

1. The camera should only be cleaned in ESD-safe areas by ESD-trained personnel using wrist
straps. Ideally, the sensor should be cleaned in a clean environment. Otherwise, in dusty
environments, the sensor will immediately become dirty again after cleaning.

2. Use a high quality, low pressure air duster (e.g. Electrolube EAD400D, pure compressed
inert gas, www.electrolube.com) to blow off loose particles. This step alone is usually
sufficient to clean the sensor of the most common contaminants.

Workshop air supply is not appropriate and may cause permanent damage to
the sensor.

3. If further cleaning is required, use a suitable lens wiper or Q-Tip moistened with an
appropriate cleaning fluid to wipe the sensor surface as described below. Examples of

6.2 Optical Interface 61

6 Mechanical and Optical Considerations

suitable lens cleaning materials are given in Table 6.2. Cleaning materials must be
ESD-safe, lint-free and free from particles that may scratch the sensor surface.

Do not use ordinary cotton buds. These do not fulfil the above requirements and
permanent damage to the sensor may result.

4. Wipe the sensor carefully and slowly. First remove coarse particles and dirt from the
sensor using Q-Tips soaked in 2-propanol, applying as little pressure as possible. Using a
method similar to that used for cleaning optical surfaces, clean the sensor by starting at
any corner of the sensor and working towards the opposite corner. Finally, repeat the
procedure with methanol to remove streaks. It is imperative that no pressure be applied
to the surface of the sensor or to the black globe-top material (if present) surrounding the
optically active surface during the cleaning process.

Product Supplier Remark

EAD400D Airduster Electrolube, UK www.electrolube.com

Anticon Gold 9"x 9" Wiper Milliken, USA ESD safe and suitable for

class 100 environments.
www.milliken.com

TX4025 Wiper Texwipe www.texwipe.com

Transplex Swab Texwipe

Small Q-Tips SWABS
BB-003

Q-tips Hans J. Michael GmbH,

Germany

www.hjm-reinraum.de

Large Q-Tips SWABS
CA-003

Q-tips Hans J. Michael GmbH,

Germany

Point Slim HUBY-340 Q-tips Hans J. Michael GmbH,

Germany

Methanol Fluid Johnson Matthey GmbH,

Germany

Semiconductor Grade

99.9% min (Assay),
Merck 12,6024, UN1230,
slightly flammable and
poisonous.
www.alfa-chemcat.com

2-Propanol
(Iso-Propanol)

Fluid Johnson Matthey GmbH,

Germany

Semiconductor Grade

99.5% min (Assay) Merck
12,5227, UN1219,
slightly flammable.
www.alfa-chemcat.com

Table 6.2: Recommended materials for sensor cleaning

For cleaning the sensor, Photonfocus recommends the products available from the suppliers as
listed in Table 6.2.

✎

Cleaning tools (except chemicals) can be purchased from Photonfocus directly
(www.photonfocus.com).

.

62

7

Warranty

The manufacturer alone reserves the right to recognize warranty claims.

7.1 Warranty Terms

The manufacturer warrants to distributor and end customer that for a period of two years
from the date of the shipment from manufacturer or distributor to end customer (the
"Warranty Period") that:

• the product will substantially conform to the specifications set forth in the applicable
documentation published by the manufacturer and accompanying said product, and

• the product shall be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use.

The distributor shall not make or pass on to any party any warranty or representation on
behalf of the manufacturer other than or inconsistent with the above limited warranty set.

7.2 Warranty Claim

The above warranty does not apply to any product that has been modified or al­tered by any party other than manufacturer, or for any defects caused by any use
of the product in a manner for which it was not designed, or by the negligence
of any party other than manufacturer.

63

7 Warranty

64

8

References

All referenced documents can be downloaded from our website at www.photonfocus.com.

CL CameraLink Specification, Rev. 1.1, January 2004

SW002 PFLib Documentation, Photonfocus, August 2005

AN001 Application Note "LinLog", Photonfocus, December 2002

AN024 Application Note "LinLog - Principle and Practical Example", Photonfocus, March 2005

AN007 Application Note "Camera Acquisition Modes", Photonfocus, March 2004

AN010 Application Note "Camera Clock Concepts", Photonfocus, July 2004

AN021 Application Note "CameraLink", Photonfocus, July 2004

AN026 Application Note "LFSR Test Images", Photonfocus, September 2005

65

8 References

66

9

Revision History

Revision Date Changes

1.2 April 2012 Chapter "Hardware Interface", section "Connectors"/"Pinout
PCB connector": pin number of VDD_33 was wrong.

1.1 October 2010 Section Hardware Interface / Trigger / Trigger Modes /
Level-controlled Exposure: corrected bug in tip: level-controlled
exposure is not supported in simultaneous readout mode.

Section Mechanical and Optical Considerations / Optical Interface
/ Cleaning the Sensor: updated link to supplier web page.

Section Functionality / Test Images: added section for
OEM-D752E.

1.0 August 2010 First Release

0.2 October 2007 Draft Version

67