The IF-amplifier contains 3 AC-coupled control stages with
a total gain control range which is higher than 66 dB. The
sensitivity of the circuit is comparable with that of modern
IF-IC’s.
The video signal is demodulated by means of a PLL carrier
regenerator. This circuit contains a frequency detector and
a phase detector. During acquisition the frequency
detector will tune the VCO to the right frequency. The initial
adjustment of the oscillator is realised via the I2C-bus. The
switching between SECAM L and L’ can also be realised
via the I2C-bus. After lock-in the phase detector controls
the VCO so that a stable phase relation between the VCO
and the input signal is achieved. The VCO is running at the
double IF frequency. The reference signal for the
demodulator is obtained by means of a frequency divider
circuit. To get a good performance for phase modulated
carrier signals the control speed of the PLL can be
increased by means of the FFI bit.
The AFC output is obtained by using the VCO control
voltage of the PLL and can be read via the I2C-bus. For
fast search tuning systems the window of the AFC can be
increased with a factor 3. The setting is realised with the
AFW bit.
The AGC-detector operates on top sync and top whitelevel. The demodulation polarity is switched via the
I2C-bus. The AGC detector time-constant capacitor is
connected externally. This mainly because of the flexibility
of the application. The time-constant of the AGC system
during positive modulation is rather long to avoid visible
variations of the signal amplitude. To improve the speed of
the AGC system a circuit has been included which detects
whether the AGC detector is activated every frame period.
When during 3 field periods no action is detected the
speed of the system is increased. For signals without peak
white information the system switches automatically to a
gated black level AGC. Because a black level clamp pulse
is required for this way of operation the circuit will only
switch to black level AGC in the internal mode.
The circuit contains a video identification circuit which is
independent of the synchronisation circuit. Therefore
search tuning is possible when the display section of the
receiver is used as a monitor. However, this ident circuit
cannot be made as sensitive as the slower sync ident
circuit (SL) and we recommend to use both ident outputs
to obtain a reliable search system. The ident output is
supplied to the tuning system via the I2C-bus.
TDA 9321H
The input of the identification circuit is connected to pin 14,
the “internal” CVBS input (see Fig.3). This has the
advantage that the ident circuit can also be made
operative when a scrambled signal is received
(descrambler connected between the IF video output (pin
10) and pin 14). A second advantage is that the ident
circuit can be used when the IF amplifier is not used (e.g.
with built-in satellite tuners).
The video ident circuit can also be used to identify the
selected CBVS or Y/C signal. The switching between the
2 modes can be realised with the VIM bit.
The TDA 9321H contains a group delay correction circuit
which can be switched between the BG and a flat group
delay response characteristic. This has the advantage that
in multi-standard receivers no compromise has to be made
for the choice of the SAW filter. Both the input and output
of the group delay correction circuit are externally available
so that the sound trap can be connected between the IF
video output and the group delay correction input. The
output signal of the correction circuit can be supplied to the
video processing circuit and to the SCART plug.
2
The IC has several (I
can be used to switch sound traps or other external
components.
When the IF amplifier is not used the complete IF amplifier
can be switched-off via the I2C-bus by means of the IFO
bit.
Sound circuit
The sound IF amplifier is similar to the vision IF amplifier
and has a gain control range of about 66 dB. The AGC
circuit is related to the SIF carrier levels (average level of
AM or FM carriers) and ensures a constant signal
amplitude of the AM demodulator and the QSS mixer.
The single reference QSS mixer is realised by a multiplier.
In this multiplier the SIF signal is converted to the
intercarrier frequency by mixing it with the regenerated
picture carrier from the VCO. The mixer output signal is
supplied to the output via a high-pass filter for attenuation
of the residual video signals. With this system a high
performance hi-fi stereo sound processing can be
achieved.
The AM sound demodulator is realised by a multiplier. The
modulated sound IF signal is multiplied in phase with the
limited SIF signal. The demodulator output signal is
supplied to the output via a low-pass filter for attenuation
of the carrier harmonics.
C-bus controlled) output ports which
June 30, 19988
Philips SemiconductorsFinal Device Specification
I2C-bus controlled TV Input Processor
VIM
IDENT
CVBS
EXT. 2
Y/CVBS
EXT. 3
EXT. 3
Fig.3 CVBS switch and interfacing of video ident
CVBS-INT
VIDEO
IDENT
CVBS
EXT. 1
TDA 9321H
TO LUMA/SYNC PROCESSING
TO CHROMA PROCESSING
+
+
+
C
Y/CVBS
EXT. 4CEXT. 4
COMB C-IN
COMB Y-IN
CVBS
COMB OUT
TXT
CVBSO
PIP
CVBSO
Video switches
The circuit has 3 CVBS inputs (1 internal and 2 external
inputs) and 2 Y/C inputs. The Y/C inputs can also be used as
additional CVBS inputs. The switch configuration is given in
Fig.3. The selection of the various sources is made via the
I2C-bus.
The circuit can be set in a mode in which it automatically
detects whether a CVBS or a Y/C signal is supplied to the Y/C
inputs. In this mode the TV-standard identification first takes
place on the added Y/CVBS and the C input signal. Then both
chroma input signal amplitudes are checked once and the
input signal with the highest burst signal amplitude is
selected. The result of the detection can be read via the
I2C-bus.
The IC has 2 inputs (AV-1 and AV-2) which can be used to
read the status levels of pin 8 of the SCART plug. The
information is available in the output status byte 02 in the bits
D0-D3.
The 3 outputs of the video switch (CVBSO
, CVBSO
TXT
PIP
and
COMBCVBS) can be independently switched to the various
input signals. The names are just arbitrary and it is for
instance possible to use the COMBCVBS signal to drive the
Comb-filter and the teletext decoder in parallel and to supply
the CVBSO
signal to the SCART plug (via an emitter
TXT
follower).
For comb filter interfacing the circuit has the
COMBCVBS output, a 3rd Y/C input, a reference signal
output (fsc) and 2 control pins which switch the comb
filter to the standard of the incoming signal (as detected
by the ident circuit of the colour decoder). When a signal
is recognised which can be combed and the comb filter
is enabled by the ECMB-bit the Y/C signals coming from
the comb filter are automatically selected. This is
indicated via the CMB-bit in output status byte 02
(D5).For signals which cannot be combed (like SECAM
or Black-to-White signals) the Y/C signals coming from
the comb filter are not selected.
Chroma and luminance processing
The circuits contain a chroma bandpass, the SECAM
cloche filter and chroma trap circuit. The filters are
realised by means of gyrator circuits and they are
automatically calibrated by comparing the tuning
frequency with the X-tal frequency of the decoder. The
luminance delay line is also realised by means of gyrator
circuits. The centre frequency of the chroma bandpass
filter is switchable via the I2C-bus so that the
performance can be optimised for “front-end” signals
and external CVBS signals.
The luminance output signal which is derived from the
incoming CVBS or Y/C signal can be varied in amplitude
by means of a separate gain setting control via the
I2C-bus control bits GAI1 and GAI0. The gain variation
which can be realised with these bits is -1 to +2 dB.
June 30, 19989
Philips SemiconductorsFinal Device Specification
I2C-bus controlled TV Input Processor
Colour decoder
The colour decoder can decode PAL, NTSC and SECAM
signals. The PAL/NTSC decoder contains an
alignment-free X-tal oscillator with 4 separate X-tal pins, a
killer circuit and two colour difference demodulators. The
90° phase shift for the reference signal is made internally.
Because it is possible to connect 4 different X-tals to the
colour decoder, all colour standards can be decoded
without external switching circuits. Which X-tals are
connected to the decoder must be indicated via the
I2C-bus. X-tal pins which are not used must be left open.
The horizontal oscillator is calibrated by means of the X-tal
frequency of the colour PLL. For a reliable calibration it is
very important that the X-tal indication bits (XA to XD) are
not corrupted. For this reason the X-tal bits can be read in
the output bytes so that the software can check the I2C
transmission.
The IC’s contain an Automatic Colour Limiting (ACL)
circuit which is switchable via the I2C-bus and which
prevents that oversaturation occurs when signals with a
high chroma-to-burst ratio are received. The ACL circuit is
designed such that it only reduces the chroma signal and
not the burst signal. This has the advantage that the colour
sensitivity is not affected by this function. The ACL function
is mainly intended for NTSC signals and it can also be
used for PAL signals. For SECAM signals the ACL function
should be switched-off.
The SECAM decoder contains an auto-calibrating PLL
demodulator which has two references, viz: the 4.43 MHz
sub-carrier frequency which is obtained from the X-tal
oscillator which is used to tune the PLL to the desired
free-running frequency and the bandgap reference to
obtain the correct absolute value of the output signal. The
VCO of the PLL is calibrated during each vertical blanking
period, when the IC is in search or SECAM mode.
The circuit can also decode the PAL
can insert the various reference signals, set-ups and
timing signals which are required for the PAL
IC’s.
The base-band delay line (TDA 4665 function) is
integrated.
plus
helper signal and
plus
decoder
TDA 9321H
RGB switch and matrix
The IC has 2 RGB inputs with fast switching. The switching
of the various sourcing is controlled via the I2C-bus and the
condition of the switch inputs can be read from the I2C-bus
status bytes. If the RGB signals are not synchronous with
the selected decoder input signal, an external clamp pulse
has to be supplied to the HA/CLP input. The IC must be set
in this mode via the I2C-bus. In that case the VA pulse is
suppressed by switching the VA output in a high
impedance OFF-state.
When an external RGB signal is mixed into the internal
YUV signal it is necessary to switch-off the PAL
demodulation. To detect the presence of a fast blanking a
circuit is added which forces the MACP and HD bit to zero
if a blanking pulse is detected in 2 consecutive lines. This
system is chosen to prevent switching-off at every spike
which is detected on the fast blanking input.
The IC has the possibility to use the RGB1 input as YUV
input. This function can be enabled by means of the YUV
bit in subaddress 0A (D3). When switched to the YUV input
the input signals must have the same amplitude and
polarity as the YUV output signals. The Y signal has to be
supplied to the G1 input, the U signal to the B1 input and
the V signal to the R1 input.
Synchronisation circuit
The sync separator is preceded by a controlled amplifier
which adjusts the sync pulse amplitude to a fixed level.
These pulses are fed to the slicing stage which is operating
at 50% of the amplitude. The separated sync pulses are
fed to the phase detector and to the coincidence detector.
This coincidence detector is used to detect whether the
line oscillator is synchronised and can also be used for
transmitter identification. This circuit can be made less
sensitive by means of the STM bit. This mode can be used
during search tuning to avoid that the tuning system stops
at very weak input signals. The PLL has a very high statical
steepness so that the phase of the picture is independent
of the line frequency.
For the horizontal output pulse 2 conditions are possible,
viz.:
• An HA pulse which has a phase and width which is
identical to the incoming horizontal sync pulse
• A clamp pulse (CLP) which has a phase and width which
is identical to the clamp pulse in the sandcastle pulse
plus
June 30, 199810
Philips SemiconductorsFinal Device Specification
I2C-bus controlled TV Input Processor
The HA/CLP signal is generated by means of an oscillator
which is running at a frequency of 440 x fH. Its frequency is
divided by 440 to lock the first loop to the incoming signal.
The time-constant of the loop can be forced by the I2C-bus
(fast or slow). If required the IC can select the
time-constant depending on the noise content of the
incoming video signal.
The free-running frequency of the oscillator is determined
by a digital control circuit which is locked to the reference
signal of the colour decoder. When the IC is switched-on
the HA/CLP is suppressed and the oscillator is calibrated
as soon as all sub-address bytes have been sent. When
the frequency of the oscillator is correct the HA/CLP signal
is switched-on again.
When the coincidence detector indicates an out-of-lock
situation the calibration procedure is repeated.
The VA pulse is obtained via a vertical count down circuit.
The countdown circuit has various windows depending on
the incoming signal (50 Hz or 60 Hz standard or no
standard). The countdown circuit can be forced in various
modes by means of the I2C-bus. To obtain short switching
times of the countdown circuit during a channel change the
divider can be forced in the search window by means of
the NCIN bit.
TDA 9321H
2
C-BUS SPECIFICATION
I
The slave addresses of the IC’s is given in the table below.
The circuit operates up to clock frequencies of 400 kHz.
Slave addresses
A6A5A4A3A2A1A0R/W
10001A111/0
The bit A1 is controlled via the pin 48 (AS), when the pin is
connected to ground it is a 0 and when connected to the
positive supply line it is a 1. When this pin is left open it is
connected to ground via an internal resistor.
Start-up procedure
Read the status bytes until POR = 0 and send all
subaddress bytes. It is advised to check the bus
transmission by reading the output status bits SXA to SXD.
This ensures a good operation of the calibration system of
the horizontal oscillator. The horizontal output signal is
switched-on when the oscillator is calibrated.
Each time before the data in the IC is refreshed, the status
bytes must be read. If POR = 1, the procedure mentioned
above must be carried out to restart the IC.When this
procedure is not followed the horizontal frequency may be
incorrect after power-up or after a power dip.
Valid subaddresses: 00 to 0E, subaddresses FE and FF
are reserved for test purposes. Auto-increment mode
available for subaddresses.
1. Black and helper set-up will only be present in a norm
sync condition.
Table 8 Automatic colour limiting
ACLCOLOUR LIMITING
0not active
1active
plus
/EDTV-2)
XA-XDCONDITION
0X-tal not present
1X-tal present, note1
Note
1. When a comb filter is used the various X-tals must be
connected to the IC as indicated in the pinning
diagram. This is required because the ident system
switches automatically to the comb filter when a signal
is identified which can be combed (right combination of
colour standard and X-tal frequency). For applications
without comb filter only XA is important (4.43 MHz),
the other pins can then have an arbitrary 3.5 MHz
X-tal.
1. For an equal delay of the luminance and chrominance
signal the delay must be set at a value of 280 ns
(YD3...YD0 = 1011). This is only valid for a CVBS
signal without group delay distortions.
Table 13 Forced field frequency
FORFFORSFIELD FREQUENCY
00auto (60 Hz when line not
synchronized)
01forced 60 Hz; note 1
10keep last detected field frequency
11auto (50 Hz when line not
synchronized)
Note
1. When switched to this mode the divider will directly
switch to forced 60 Hz only.
Table 14 Phase 1 (ϕ1) time constant, see also table 55
FOAFOBMODE
00normal
01slow
10slow/fast
11fast
Table 15 Video ident mode
VIMMODE
0ident coupled to internal CVBS (pin 14)
1ident coupled to selected CVBS
TDA 9321H
Table 16 Synchronization mode
POCMODE
0active
1not active
Table 17 Video ident mode
VIDVIDEO IDENT MODE
0ϕ
1not active
Table 18 Blanked sync on Y
BSYCONDITION
0unblanked sync, note1
1blanked sync
Note
1. Except for PAL
Table 19 Condition of horizontal output
HOCONDITION
0clamp pulse available at H
1HA pulse available at H
Table 20 Enable “Macrovision/subtitle” gating
EMGMODE
0disable gating
1enable gating
Table 21 Vertical divider mode
NCINVERTICAL DIVIDER MODE
0normal operation
1switched to search window
loop switched on and off
1
out
plus
with black set-up.
OUT
OUT
June 30, 199814
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