Philips SAA7366 Service Manual

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

DATA SH EET

SAA7366

Bitstream conversion ADC for digital audio systems

Preliminary speciﬁcation File under Integrated Circuits, IC01

Philips Semiconductors

May 1994

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Bitstream conversion ADC for digital audio systems

FEATURES

• Integrated buffers for simple interfacing to analog inputs

• 4 flexible serial interface modes

• Overload detection of digital signal ≥−1 dB amplitude

• Selectable high-pass filter

• 18-bit serial output

• 3.4 to 5.5 V operation of digital part

• Standby mode

• SO24 package

• Small non-critical PCB layout.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The SAA7366 is a CMOS cost effective stereo analog-to-digital converter (ADC) using the Philips bitstream conversion technique.

QUICK REFERENCE DATA

SAA7366

APPLICATIONS

The device is designed for digital acquisition of analog audio signals for digital audio systems such as:

• CD-recordable

• Digital Compact Cassette (DCC)

• Digital Audio Tape (DAT).

SYMBOL PARAMETER MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT

DDD

DDA

THD + N total harmonic distortion + noise −−−80 dB DR dynamic range 90 −−dB

ORDERING INFORMATION

TYPE NUMBER

SAA7366T

Note

1. Plastic small outline package; 24 leads; body width 7.5 mm; (SOT137A); SOT137-1; 1996 Oct 29.

digital supply voltage 3.4 5.0 5.5 V analog supply voltage 4.5 5.0 5.5 V clock input frequency 4.608 12.288 13.568 MHz

PACKAGE

PINS PIN POSITION MATERIAL CODE

(1)

24 SO24L plastic SOT137A

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Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Bitstream conversion ADC for digital audio systems

BLOCK DIAGRAM

SSA

operational

amplifier

BIR

BIL

Ω3 k

REFERENCE

CURRENT

GENERATOR

20 21

23 11 24 1

Ω3 k

operational

amplifier operational

DACN

DACP

BOR

REF

BOL

operational

amplifier

Ω10 k

1 pF

SIGMA-

DELTA

MODULATOR

SIGMA-

DELTA

MODULATOR

1 pF

Ω10 k

amplifier

Ω10 k

Ω3 k

Ω10 k

REFR

REFERENCE

VOLTAGE

GENERATOR

TIMING

GENERATOR

REFERENCE

VOLTAGE

GENERATOR

SAA7366

TEST2

TEST1

CLOCK

GENERATION

AND

CONTROL

DECIMATION FILTER

STAGE 1

COMB

FILTER

STAGE 2

3 HALF-BAND

FILTERS

HIGH-PASS

FILTER

SERIAL OUTPUT

INTERFACE

STD

SAA7366

210121513

CKIN

SSD

DDD

OVLD

SDO

SWS

SCK

DDA

Fig.1 Block diagram.

May 1994 3

REFL

HPEN

SLAVE

SFOR

MGA911

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Bitstream conversion ADC for

SAA7366

digital audio systems

PINNING

SYMBOL PIN DESCRIPTION

SFOR 1 Serial interface output format select. Output format is selected as follows: SFOR

HIGH = Format 1; SFOR LOW = Format 2. STD 2 Standby mode input (active LOW). OVLD 3 Overload indication output. This pin indicates whether the internal digital signal is within 1 dB

of maximum. In standby mode this output is high impedance. CKIN 4 System clock input. V

DDD

SSD

SDO 7 Serial interface data output. In standby mode this output is high impedance. SWS 8 Serial interface word select signal. In master mode this pin outputs the serial interface word

SCK 9 Serial interface clock. In master mode this pin outputs the serial interface bit clock. In slave

TEST1 10 Test input 1. This pin should be left open-circuit. HPEN 1 1 High-pass ﬁlter enable input. (HPEN HIGH = enabled). If unconnected this pin defaults HIGH. TEST2 12 Test input 2. This pin should be left open-circuit. V

SSA

REF

REFR

BIR 16 Buffer operational ampliﬁer inverting input for right channel. BOR 17 Buffer operational ampliﬁer output for right channel. V

DACN

DACP

BOL 20 Buffer operational ampliﬁer output for left channel. BIL 21 Buffer operational ampliﬁer inverting input for left channel. V

REFL

DDA

SLAVE 24 Serial interface operating output mode master/slave select as follows: HIGH = slave mode;

5 Supply for the digital section (3.4 to 5.5 V). 6 Ground supply for the digital section.

select signal. In slave mode this pin is the word select input to the serial interface. In standby

mode this pin is always an input (high impedance).

mode this pin is the input for the external bit clock. In standby mode this output is

high impedance.

13 Ground supply for the analog section. 14 Current reference output node.

⁄2V

reference generator output for the right channel analog section.

DDA

18 Negative 1-bit DAC reference voltage input, connected to 0 V. 19 Positive 1-bit DAC reference voltage input, connected to +5 V.

⁄2V

reference generator output for the left channel analog section.

DDA

23 Supply for the analog section.

LOW = master mode. If unconnected the pin will default LOW.

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Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Bitstream conversion ADC for digital audio systems

SFOR

STD

OVLD

CKIN

4 5

DDD

SSD

SDO

SWS

SCK

TEST1

HPEN

TEST2

SAA7366

7 8

9 10 11 12

Fig.2 Pin configuration.

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION General

The SAA7366 is a bitstream conversion CMOS ADC for digital audio systems. The conversion is achieved using a third order Sigma-Delta modulator (SDM), operating at 128 times the output sample frequency (f oversampling ratio greatly simplifies the design of the analog input anti-alias filter. In most cases the internal buffer operational amplifier, configured as a low-pass filter will suffice. The 1-bit code from the Sigma-Delta modulator is filtered and down-sampled (decimated) to 1fs in two stages of filtering. An optional high-pass filter is provided to remove DC, if required. The device has been designed with ease of use, low board area and low application costs in mind.

Clock frequency

The external clock, input on pin CKIN, operates at 256 times f

, which can range from 18 kHz to 53 kHz.

Input buffer

Two input buffers are provided, one for each channel, for signal amplitude matching, signal buffering and anti-alias filter purposes. These are configured for inverting use. Access is provided by pins BIL, BIR (inverting inputs) and BOL, BOR (outputs) for left and right channels

MGA912

24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13

SLAVE V

DDA

REFL

BIL BOL V

DACP

DACN

BOR BIR V

REFR

REF

SSA

). The high

SAA7366

respectively. By the choice of feedback component values, the application signal amplitude can be matched to the requirements of the ADC. Typically the operational amplifiers are configured as low-pass filters with a gain of 1 and a pole at approximately 5fs.

Remark: The complete ADC is non-inverting. Hence a positive DC input (referenced to V digital output.

Input level

The overall system gain is proportional V accurately {V(V

DACP

) − V(V

DACN

ADC input signal amplitude is defined as that amplitude seen on BOL or BOR, the operational amplifier outputs (i.e. the input to the Sigma-Delta modulator). Also, the 0 dB input level is defined as that which provides a −1dB (actually −1.08 dB) digital output, relative to full-scale swing. This offset provides headroom to accommodate small random DC offsets without causing the digital output to clip.

Hence:

()VV

0dB()

DACP

---------------------------------------------------------------5

The user of the IC should ensure, that when all sources of signal amplitude variation are taken into account, the maximum input signal should conform to the 0 dB level. If not, clipping may occur. In the event that the maximum signal level cannot be pre-determined, e.g. a live microphone input, the average signal level should be set at −10 to−20 dB down. The exact value will depend on the application and the balance between head room and operating signal-to-noise ratio.

Behaviour during overload

As defined earlier the maximum input level for normal operation is 0 dB. If the input level exceeds this value clipping may occur. Infringements are limited to the maximum permitted positive or negative values, 2

−217 respectively. If the high-pass filter has been enabled the clipped output samples may have non-maximum values due to the removal of the DC content. Input signals in the range of 0 to 1 dB may or may not be clipped depending on the values of DC dither and small random offsets in the analog circuitry.

When using the recommended application circuitry, clipping will initially be observed on negative peaks due to the use of negative DC dither.

The maximum level of overload that can be safely tolerated is application circuit dependent. In the case of the

) will yield a positive

ref

, or more

DDA

)}. For convenience the

()–

DACN

V (RMS)==

− 1 or

May 1994 5

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary speciﬁcation

Bitstream conversion ADC for digital audio systems

recommended circuit the following applies: the inverting operational amplifier inputs BIL/BIR are protected from excessive voltages (currents) by diodes to V These have absolute maximum ratings of IIK= ±20 mA, with a safe practical limit of ±2 mA. Given the input resistor of 10 kΩ, ±2 mA diode current and the operation of the operational amplifier a maximum signal (applied to the input resistor) of ±30 V can be handled safely. This level represents an overload of 26 dB.

During overload the in-band portion of the waveform will be correctly converted. The out-of-band portion will be limited as detailed above.

Sigma-Delta modulator

The SAA7366 has two third order Sigma-Delta modulators with a quantization noise floor of approximately −104 dB. The scaling of the feedback has been optimized for stable operation even during overload. Thus with a maximum signal swing of 0 V to V

on the input the digital output

DDA

remains well behaved, i.e. it does not burst into random oscillation. During overload the output is simply a clipped version of the input. The gain of this stage is −4.95 dB.

Decimation ﬁlter

DDA

and V

SSA

SAA7366

Table 2 High-pass ﬁlter characteristics.

Pass band ripple none Pass band gain 0 Droop at 0.00045f Attenuation at DC at 0.00000036f Dynamic range 0 to 0.45f

Serial interface

The serial interface provides 2 formats in both master and slave modes (see Figs 3 and 4). In both modes the interface provides up to 18 significant bits of output data per channel.

During standby mode (STD = LOW) all interface pins are in their high-impedance state. On recovery from standby the serial data output SDO is held LOW until valid data is available from the decimation filter. This time depends on whether the high-pass filter is selected or not as follows:

HPEN = 0; T = 1024/fs, T = 21.3 ms when fs= 48 kHz HPEN = 1; T = 8192/fs, T = 170.6 ms when fs= 48 kHz

ITEM CONDITION

VALUE

(dB)

0.029 >40 116

Decimation from 128fs is performed in two stages. The first stage is a comb filter, which decimates from 128 to 8f

The second stage, consists of 3 half-band filters, each decimating by a factor of 2.

The overall characteristics are given in Table 1.

Table 1 Overall ﬁlter characteristics.

ITEM CONDITION

Pass band ripple 0 to 0.45f

0.45 to 0.47f

Stop band >0.55f

Dynamic range 0 to 0.42f

Hz ±0.1

VALUE

(dB)

−0.5

−60

110

Gain DC 3.87

High-pass ﬁlter

An optional high-pass filter is provided to remove unwanted DC components. The operation is selected when HPEN is HIGH. The filter has the characteristics given in Table 2.

Overload Detection Indication (OVLD)

The OVLD output is used to indicate whenever the data, in either the left or right channel, is within 1 dB of the maximum possible digital swing. When this condition is detected the OVLD output is forced HIGH for at least 512f cycles (10.6 ms at fs= 48 kHz). This time-out is reset for each infringement.

Standby mode (

STD)

The STD pin activates a power saving mode when the device function is not required. This pin can also be used as a chip enable, as follows.

On a HIGH-to-LOW transition, of the STD pin, the internal control circuitry starts a timed power-down sequence. This takes approximately 32 system clock cycles to complete. Transitions on STD which are shorter than 32 clock cycles have an indeterminate effect. However, the device will always recover correctly.

May 1994 6

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