Philips Respironics Esprit User manual

ESPRIT® Ventilator

Service Manual

REF 580-1000-02 G

This work is protected under Title 17 of the United States copyright code and is the sole property of Respironics. No par of this document may be copied or otherwise reproduced, or stored in any electronic information retrieval system, except as specifically permitted under United States copyright law, without the prior written consent of Respironics.

For Technical support, contact: Respironics, Inc. Customer Service Within the U.S.A. 1-800-345-6443 Outside the U.S.A. 724-387-4000 Facsimile 724-387-5012 service@respironics.com

United States of America Respironics California, Inc. 2271 Cosmos Court Carlsbad, CA 92011 USA 1-800-345-6443 or 724-387-4000

Authorized Representative Respironics Deutschland, Inc. Gewerbestrasse 17 D-82211 Herrsching Deutschland +49-8-15-29-30-60

II Esprit® Ventilator Service Manual © Respironics, Inc. REF 580-1000-02 G

1 Introduction and Intended Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

Recommended Tools and Test Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

2 Warnings and Cautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

General Warnings and Cautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

3 Theory of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Pneumatic System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Delivery System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Ventilator System Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Main PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

CPU PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

Analog PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13

Digital PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13

VGA Controller PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13

Blower Controller PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13

Motor Controller PCBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14

Sensor PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14

Man-Machine Interface (MMI) PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

Backlight Inverter PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

Real-Time Clock Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

Backup Battery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

External Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16

DC/DC Converter PCB (use with original 10.4-in. displays only). . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16

Optical Rotary Encoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16

Graphic User Interface (GUI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16

Remote Alarm (Nurse Call) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17

4 Periodic Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

5 Repair. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

Entering Diagnostic Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

User Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Changing the Date and Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

Setting the Time Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

Altitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

Compliance Enable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

Backup Battery/Confirmation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

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Table of Contents

Short Self Test (SST) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

Extended Self Test (EST) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

Software Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

Diagnostic Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

Hardware Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10

Flow Control Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11

Voltage Control Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11

On/Off Hardware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12

Solenoid Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12

Status Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12

Pneumatic Component Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13

Oxygen Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14

Oxygen Flow Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15

Oxygen Regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17

Air Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18

Air Flow Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19

Inhalation and Exhalation Solenoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20

Safety Valve and Safety Solenoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20

Pressure Relief Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21

Crossover Solenoid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22

Exhalation Flow Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23

Check Valve 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24

Check Valve 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25

Check Valve 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25

Filter Heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26

Blower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26

Inhalation/ Exhalation Pressure Transducers and Exhalation Valve . . . . . . . . . . 5-27

Oxygen Pressure Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29

External Oxygen Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29

Sensor PCB Voltage Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29

Bacteria Filter

Back Pressure Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-30

High Internal Oxygen Alarm Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-31

6 Diagnostic Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

Diagnostic Code 1012 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-24

Diagnostic Code 5000 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-27

7 Ventilator Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

Downloading Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

Programming the Ventilator Serial Number. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4

Enabling Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5

Setting Up the Serial Interface for DRPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6

2 Esprit® Ventilator Service Manual © Respironics, Inc. REF 580-1000-02 G

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Generating a Diagnostic Report (DRPT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10

Analog Output Port (Chart Recorder) Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12

8 Performance Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

Required Test Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

Preliminary Cleaning, Inspection and Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4

Preliminary Pneumatic Calibration Analyzer Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6

Certifier FA Plus Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6

Measurement Selection Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6

Averaging Setup Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8

Trigger Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9

Configuration Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10

Saving Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10

Performance Verification Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13

Electrical Safety (Test 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13

Extended Self Test (EST) (Test 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14

Air Flow Accuracy (Test 3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16

Oxygen Flow Accuracy (Test 4). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18

Pressure Accuracy (Test 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-20

PEEP System (Test 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-21

Breath Rate (Test 7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-24

Alarm/Analog Output Signals, Alarm Volume, and Remote Alarm (Test 8). . . . . 8-25

Gas Volume Accuracy (Test 9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-28

Oxygen Accuracy (Test 10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-31

Heated Exhalation Bacteria Filter, Power Fail Alarm, and

Display Intensity (Test 11). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-34

Neonatal Option Testing (Test 12) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-36

Backup Battery and External Battery (Test 13) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-38

Returning Ventilator to Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-40

Performance Verification Troubleshooting/Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-41

Test 1: Electrical Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-42

Test 2: Extended Self Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-42

Test 3: Air Flow Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-43

Test 4: Oxygen Flow Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-43

Test 5: Pressure Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-44

Test 6: PEEP System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-44

Test 7: Breath Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-44

Test 8: Alarm Output Signal, Volume, and Remote Alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-45

Test 9: Gas Volume Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-45

Test 10: Oxygen Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-45

Test 11: Heated Exhalation Bacteria Filter, Power Failure Alarm,

and Display Intensity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-46

Test 12: Neonatal Option Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-46

REF 580-1000-02 G Esprit® Ventilator Service Manual © Respironics, Inc. 3

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9 Component Removal/Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1

Test 13: Backup Battery and External Battery Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-47

Neonatal Option Data Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-49

Electrical Safety/Extended Self Test (EST) Data Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-51

Performance Verification Data Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-52

Filter Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3

Top Enclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4

Sensor PCB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5

Power Supply Fan/Shroud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7

Backlight Inverter PCB (9.5-in. GUI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-8

Backlight Inverter PCB (Original 10.4-in. GUI only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-8

DC/DC Converter PCB (Original 10.4-in. GUI only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9

Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10

Power Supply Fuses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-13

MMI PCB (9.5-in. GUI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-15

MMI PCB (10.4-in. GUI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-18

GUI Assembly (9.5-in. GUI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-19

GUI Assembly (Original 10.4-in. GUI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-21

GUI Assembly (2nd Generation 10.4-in. GUI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-23

Intensity and Volume Potentiometers (9.5-in. GUI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-25

Intensity and Volume Potentiometers (10.4-in. GUI’s). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-26

Rotary Encoder (9.5-in. GUI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-27

Rotary Encoder (10.4-in. GUI’s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-28

GUI Front Panel Overlay (10.4-in. GUI’s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-29

VGA Display Assembly (9.5-in. GUI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-30

Touch Screen/LED Indicator Assembly and Front Panel Overlay (9.5-in. GUI) . . . 9-31 Backlight Inverter PCB, VGA Display, and Touch Frame (Original 10.4-in. GUI). . 9-32 Transition PCBA, LCD, IR Touch Frame, and Backlight Inverter PCB

(2nd Generation 10.4-in. GUI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-33

GUI Cleaning and Dust Gasket Installation (2nd Generation 10.4-in. GUI) . . . . . 9-35

Increased Minimum Alarm Volume Harness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-38

Backup Alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-38

AC Distribution Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-39

AC Cord Bracket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-41

Humidifier Receptacle Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-42

Printed Circuit Boards (Daughter PCBs) (Except Main PCB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-44

CPU PCB with 4.10 or Greater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-46

Main PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-47

Remote Alarm Jack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-49

Power Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-50

FIO

Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-50

Exhalation Flow Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-51

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Table of Contents

Exhalation Valve Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-53

Primary Alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-56

Filter Heater Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-56

Oxygen Flow Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-57

Inspiratory Manifold Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-59

Installing the Cable Extension Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-62

Three-Station Solenoid Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-64

Air Flow Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-65

Air Valve Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-66

Oxygen Valve Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-67

Oxygen Regulator Assembly (with Oxygen Pressure Switch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-69

Elapsed Time Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-71

Oxygen Water Trap Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-72

Blower Motor Controller PCB (Original) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-73

Blower Motor Controller PCB (Updated) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-74

Blower Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-74

Blower Muffler Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-77

Cooling Fan/Cooling Coil Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-79

GUI Upgrades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-81

Replacing the GUI (9.5-in. to original 10.4-in.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-84

Installing the CPU and DC/DC Converter PCBs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-87

Downloading Ventilator Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-87

Calibrating the Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-88

Enabling Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-88

Final Checkout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-88

Replacing the GUI (9.5-in. to 2nd Generation 10.4-in.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-88

Installing the CPU PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-90

Downloading Ventilator Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-90

Calibrating the Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-90

Enabling Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-91

Final Checkout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-91

Replacing the GUI (Original 10.4-in. to 2nd Generation 10.4-in) . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-91

Installing the CPU PCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-95

Downloading Ventilator Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-96

Calibrating the Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-96

Enabling Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-96

Final Checkout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-96

10 Where to Go for Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1

11 Esprit Ventilator Replacement Parts List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1

Esprit Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2

GUI Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3

REF 580-1000-02 G Esprit® Ventilator Service Manual © Respironics, Inc. 5

Table of Contents

A Pneumatic Schematics for EST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

Oxygen Pneumatics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-5

Air Pneumatics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-7

Exhalation Pneumatics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-9

Inspiratory Pneumatics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-10

Back Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-11

LX-200 Cart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-12

Service Part Inventory List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-13

Complete Repair Parts List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-16

Block Patient Wye (Test 1, Step 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

Block Patient Wye (Test 1, Step 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2

Block Patient Wye (Test 1, Step 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3

Block Patient Wye (Test 1, Step 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4

Safety Valve (Test 2, Step 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-5

Safety Valve (Test 2, Step 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-6

Blower (Test 3, Step 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7

Blower (Test 3, Step 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-8

Oxygen Supply (Test 4, Step 1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-9

Oxygen Supply (Test 4, Step 2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-10

Crossover Circuit (Test 5, Step 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-11

Crossover Circuit (Test 5, Step 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-12

Crossover Circuit (Test 5, Step 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-13

Oxygen Delivery (Test 6, Step 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-14

Oxygen Sensor (Test 7, Step 1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-15

Air Delivery (Test 8, Step 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-16

Pressure Relief Valve (Test 9, Step 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-17

Exhalation Valve (Test 10, Step 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-18

Exhalation Valve (Test 10, Step 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-19

Patient Circuit (Test 11, Step 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-20

Patient Circuit (Test 11, Step 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-21

Heated Filter (Test 12, Step 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-22

Heated Filter (Test 12, Step 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-23

B Field Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1

C Respi-Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-1

6 Esprit® Ventilator Service Manual © Respironics, Inc. REF 580-1000-02 G

Chapter 1. Introduction and Intended Use

The Esprit Ventilator is a microprocessor-controlled, electrically powered mechanical ventilator. It is intended for use by qualified medical personnel to provide continuous or intermittent ventilatory support for adult and pediatric patients as prescribed by a physician. The Esprit Ventilator is intended for use in either invasive or non-invasive applications.

The Esprit Ventilator meets or exceeds all applicable safety requirements, consensus guidelines, US regulatory statutes, and international regulatory standards for life support/mechanical ventilation devices.

Read this manual thoroughly prior to performing service or maintenance on the Esprit Ventilator. This manual contains advanced troubleshooting, calibration, and maintenance instructions for the Esprit Ventilator. All maintenance and repair work should be performed by qualified biomedical technicians who have received appropriate training and authorization to provide maintenance, repair, and service for the Esprit Ventilator.

Review the Esprit Ventilator Operator’s Manual and become familiar with Esprit Ventilator operation before running tests, checking operational readiness or initiating patient use. The operator’s manual includes important information about ventilator safety and operation.

Schematic diagrams of the Esprit Ventilator are available upon request.

For additional information about accessories or related equipment, such as humidifiers and remote alarm systems, refer to the appropriate instruction manual prior to operating with the Esprit Ventilator.

WARNING: Patients on life-support equipment should be visually monitored by competent

medical personnel, since life-threatening circumstances may arise that may not activate alarms. Heed all appropriate alarms and follow the instructions and warnings in this service manual and the operator’s manual. Always check life-support equipment for proper operation before use.

NOTE: The Esprit Ventilator Operator’s Manual lists all applicable warnings and

cautions. Review these notices thoroughly before operating the ventilator.

REF 580-1000-02 G Esprit® Ventilator Service Manual © Respironics, Inc. 1-1

Chapter 1

Introduction and Intended Use

Recommended Tools

and Test Equipment

The following table lists the recommended tools, test equipment, and materials required to service and maintain the Esprit Ventilator (Table 1-1). Test equipment must meet the requirements in Table 1-2.

Description Manufacturer and Model

Test Equipment

Digital multimeter and frequency counter (DMM) accurate to three decimal places

Pneumatic calibration analyzer capable of measuring low pressure (cmH (LPM), and volume (liters)

Electrical safety analyzer Dale LT 544D or equivalent

Oxygen analyzer with accuracy of ± 2% TSI Certifier Plus with oxygen sensor kit or

Pressure analyzer with accuracy of measuring high pressure (PSI)

10 mL calibrated syringe (Neonatal testing) Hans Rudolph 5220 or equivalent

Adapter, USB to serial Respironics P/N 1022895

Analog output port signal selector Respironics P/N 1010891

Esprit Service kit (*included in the kit) Respironics P/N 1021670

Cable, nurse call test* Respironics P/N 1001375

Test adapter, O2 regulator* Respironics P/N 1001376

Cork, silicone* Respironics P/N 1001735 or equivalent

Adapter, parallel port* Respironics P/N 1004644

Test lung, 1 liter* Respironics P/N 1021671 or equivalent

Cable assy, null modem* Respironics P/N 1022815 or equivalent

O), flow rate

Local Supplier

TSI Certifier Plus (Respironics P/N 1040311) or equivalent

equivalent

TSI Certifier Plus or equivalent

Ventilator Accessories

Tubing, silicone, 3/16 in. ID x 6.5 ft., PAP Respironics P/N C06686 or equivalent

Adult patient circuit tubes, 42-in. smooth bore (2 each)

Reusable patient wye, 22mm OD/15mm ID Respironics P/N 1003070 or equivalent

Coupling, silicone rubber Respironics P/N C06348 or equivalent

Tee, plastic with silicone rubber coupling Respironics P/N C06260 or equivalent

Connector, plastic, 22mm OD Respironics P/N C06335 or equivalent

Adapter, O2 sensor Respironics P/N 1001736 or equivalent

Respironics P/N 1003643 or equivalent

Hand Tools and Materials

Pliers Local supplier

Needle nose pliers Local supplier

Metric hex key set (rounded ends), 1.5 to 4 mm Local supplier

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Introduction and Intended Use

Description Manufacturer and Model

Chapter 1

Standard hex key set (rounded ends), 0.050 to 5/32 in.

Pen size flat head screwdriver Local supplier

Pen size Phillips head screwdriver Local supplier

#2 flat head screwdriver Local supplier

#3 flat head screwdriver Local supplier

#2 Phillips head screwdriver Local supplier

Torque driver capable of 5 to 25 in.-lbs. Local supplier

5/16 in. open end wrench Local supplier

1/4 in. open end wrench Local supplier

11/16 in. open end wrench Local supplier

#10 metric open end or box wrench Local supplier

1/2 in. open end wrench Local supplier

1 in. open end wrench Local supplier

7/16 in. open end wrench Local supplier

7/32 in. open end wrench Local supplier

9/32 in. socket wrench with removable 6 in. extension bar

3/16 in. open end wrench or socket wrench Local supplier

5.5 mm open end wrench Local supplier

7 mm open end wrench Local supplier

8 mm box ratchet Local supplier

#10 metric open end wrench Local supplier

#10 metric socket wrench Local supplier

Angled tweezers Local supplier

Wire cutters Local supplier

Tie wraps, 8 in. length Respironics P/N 500-1000-62 or equivalent

Tie wraps, 3 in. length Respironics P/N 500-1000-66 or equivalent

Tie wrap gun Local supplier

Thread tape Local supplier

Loctite 222 Respironics P/N 200-1000-00

Dupont Krytox GPL226 lubricant Respironics P/N 100-1012-00

Static dissipative field service kit Local supplier

Mild detergent or antiseptic wipes Local supplier

PC or laptop (only needed for downloading software)

ESD-safe field service vacuum cleaner 3M model 497-AJM or equivalent

Local supplier

Required: Windows 95 or later, serial port and CD ROM drive

Table 1-1: Recommended Test Equipment, Tools, and Materials

REF 580-1000-02 G Esprit® Ventilator Service Manual © Respironics, Inc. 1-3

Chapter 1

Introduction and Intended Use

Unit of

Measurement

Pressure -25 to 150 cmH2O 0 to

Flow (standard) 0 to 300 SLPM ± 2% of reading ± 0.20 SLPM (whichever is

Torque 5 to 25 in-lbs. ± 1 in-lbs of reading

Volume (STP) 0 to 10 L STP ± 2% of reading ± 0.20 L STP

Voltage DC: ± 5 to 50 V

Range Accuracy

± 1% of reading or ± 0.20 cmH2O (whichever

100 psi

AC: 2 to 300 V

is greater). ± 2% of reading @ -1 to 38ºC (30 to 100ºF)

greater)

± 2% of reading

Table 1-2: Test Equipment Specifications

1-4 Esprit® Ventilator Service Manual © Respironics, Inc. REF 580-1000-02 G

Chapter 2. Warnings and Cautions

Throughout this manual the following definitions apply:

WARNING: A condition that could cause injury to a patient or operator if the operating

instructions in this manual are not followed correctly.

CAUTION: A condition that could cause damage to, or shorten the service life of,

the Esprit Ventilator.

General Warnings

and Cautions

WARNING: Do not obstruct the emergency air intake near the oxygen water trap/inlet

filter assembly.

WARNING: Never troubleshoot while a patient is connected to the ventilator, since normal

operation is suspended.

WARNING: If the ventilator has been operating, the exhalation filter heater conductor may

be hot. Use caution when removing the filter.

WARNING: To prevent disease transmission, use protective equipment when handling

contaminated bacterial filters or other patient accessories.

WARNING: To avoid personal injury, always disconnect external AC and DC power

sources and high-pressure oxygen sources from the ventilator before servicing.

WARNING: Explosion hazard. Do no operate the ventilator in the presence of flammable

anesthetic agents.

CAUTION: Troubleshooting and repair should be performed only by a qualified

service technician. Respironics Esprit Factory Service Training is highly recommended prior to performing service procedures on the Esprit Ventilator. Contact Customer Service at 1-800-345-6443 or 724-3874000 for more information.

CAUTION: Use only Respironics Esprit repair/service parts. Only Respironics parts

are designed for use in this ventilator. Use of non-Respironics repair parts may alter ventilator reliability resulting in damage. Use of nonRespironics repair parts will affect your warranty. Contact Customer Service at 1-800-345-6443 or 724-387-4000 for more information.

CAUTION: Do not modify oxygen diameter index safety systems (DISS) connector on

rear panel. Use only medical grade oxygen.

REF 580-1000-02 G Esprit® Ventilator Service Manual © Respironics, Inc. 2-1

Chapter 2

Warnings and Cautions

CAUTION: Always ensure that you are following proper electrostatic discharge (ESD)

grounding procedures before handling static-sensitive devices.

CAUTION: Be careful not to pull or crimp any cables, tubes or wires.

2-2 Esprit® Ventilator Service Manual © Respironics, Inc. REF 580-1000-02 G

Chapter 3. Theory of Operation

The Esprit mechanical ventilator is a microprocessor-controlled device that can deliver air, oxygen, or a mixture of air and oxygen to the patient’s lungs in a predetermined manner to augment or replace the work normally performed by the patient’s respiratory system. It uses electromechanical control circuits, flow and pressure monitors, and software programs to deliver breaths as a flow or pressure controller.

The Esprit Ventilator includes a graphic user interface (GUI), internal blower, and inspiratory module that mixes air and oxygen. The ventilator can operate from a 40 to 90 psig (276 to 620 kPa) medical grade oxygen source for enriched oxygen operation. It also includes multiple communications interfaces and an internal power supply that can run from a 100 to 240 V AC 50/60 Hz or 24 V DC power sources.

Schematic diagrams of the Esprit Ventilator are available upon request.

Pneumatic System The Esprit Ventilator pneumatic system consists of these subsystems (see

Figure 3-1):

• Internal blower (air source)

• Oxygen regulator (oxygen source)

• Inspiratory module

• Heated exhalation filter assembly

• Exhalation valve assembly

• Expiratory flow sensor

The internal blower generates the air pressure necessary for breath delivery, eliminating the need for an external source of medical-grade compressed air. An internal regulator regulates wall oxygen pressure. The ventilator mixes air and oxygen in the inspiratory module before delivery to the patient.

Based on operator settings, the central processing unit (CPU) controls the air valve, oxygen valve, and exhalation valve through stepper motor controller printed circuit boards (PCBs). As flow is delivered to the patient, the air and oxygen flow sensors and two pressure sensors provide feedback to the CPU.

The pressure relief and safety valves in the inspiratory module provide for patient safety in the event of an over-pressure condition or any component or system failure that could interfere with the patient’s ability to breathe when connected to the ventilator.

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Chapter 3

Theory of Operation

The exhalation filter conditions the exhaled gas, reducing the risk of contamination or component damage due to bacteria or moisture in expired gases. The exhalation filter is housed in a heated sleeve, which reduces the relative moisture condensation in the exhalation filter, exhalation valve, and expiratory flow sensor. Exhaled gas is then vented to atmosphere.

Air

Exhalation

Valve

Inspiratory Module

• Gas Mixing

• Pressure Relief Valve

• Safety Valve To Patient

From Patient

Heated

Exhalation

Filter

Assembly

Oxygen Supply

Room

Air

Blower

Oxygen

Regulator

Expiratory

Flow

Sensor

Figure 3-1: Pneumatic System Block Diagram

Figure 3-2 shows the Esprit ventilator pneumatic system and its components.

Figure 3-2: Pneumatic Schematic

3-2 Esprit® Ventilator Service Manual © Respironics, Inc. REF 580-1000-02 G

Chapter 3

Theory of Operation

Delivery System The delivery system includes the components that condition and control the

flow delivered to the patient based upon operator-selected parameters. The blower draws room air through the blower inlet filter (F1) and the muffler (silencer) and outputs flow to the air valve assembly (AV). A pressure switch (PS1) monitors oxygen input pressure. The oxygen water trap/inlet filter assembly filters wall oxygen, and the oxygen regulator (REG1) regulates oxygen down to 23 pounds per square inch, psi (1.5 kilopascals, kPa). Regulated oxygen then enters the oxygen valve assembly (OV) and the crossover solenoid (SOL1). The air and oxygen valves (AV and OV) are controlled by the microprocessor, based on continuous feedback from the air and oxygen flow sensors (FS1, T1 and FS2, T2).

Delivery System Components

Blower Inlet Filter (F1)

Cooling Fan Filter The cooling fan filter removes coarse particulate from ambient air

Muffler (Silencer) The muffler reduces the noise of air flow into the blower by channeling

Blower The blower draws room air though the air inlet filter and outputs the air

The blower inlet filter removes coarse particulate from ambient air as it is entrained into the blower assembly. See section 4 for periodic maintenance information.

entrained by the cooling fan. See section 4 for periodic maintenance information

the air through a baffled system lined with sound absorbing material.

that is delivered to the patient and provides the pilot pressure that can actuate the safety valve. The blower contains a DC motor and a series of stator and impeller assemblies. It can provide at least 200 LPM of flow.

Blower speed is automatically adjusted to account for differences in gas density due to altitude. The altitude can be adjusted from the hardware screen in diagnostics mode. The High Pressure alarm limit setting also affects blower speed.

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Chapter 3

Theory of Operation

Delivery System Components

Cooling Coil The cooling coil is a copper tube connected to the outlet of the blower

Cooling Coil Fan The 24 V DC cooling coil fan removes the heat dissipated by the cooling

Air Valve Assembly (AV)

Air Flow Sensor (FS1) The air flow sensor measures flow from the air valve. The ventilator uses

Oxygen Inlet Connector (O

Oxygen Water Trap/ Inlet Filter Assembly (F2)

)

that reduces the temperature of the gas from the blower before it reaches the air valve.

coil and blower.

The air valve assembly contains a stepper motor that meters air flow from the blower to achieve the target flow under CPU control, based on operator selected parameters. It can deliver up to 200 LPM of flow.

this measurement to provide closed loop control of the air valve and to compute the flow and volume delivered to the patient. A thermistor in the flow sensor measures the temperature of the air and provides the microprocessor with information to compensate the delivered flow.

The oxygen inlet connector provides a country-specific connection point for an external oxygen gas supply of 40 to 90 psig (276 to 620 kPa).

The oxygen water trap/inlet filter assembly consists of a 5-micron (µ) filter to remove particulate (both dry and liquid) from the oxygen gas supply, a bowl with drain for accumulated water, and an oxygen inlet connector.

Oxygen Supply Pressure Switch (PS1)

The oxygen supply pressure switch is part of the oxygen regulator. PS1 is a normally open (NO) switch that closes when measured pressure is greater than 40 psig (276 kPa), and provides a digital signal to the sensor PCB indicating whether supply pressure is adequate at the oxygen inlet.

PS1 opens if measured pressure is less than 35 psig (241.3 kPa). If the oxygen supply pressure switch opens during normal ventilation (at O 21%), a Low O

Supply alarm results.

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Delivery System Components

Chapter 3

Theory of Operation

Oxygen Regulator (REG 1)

Oxygen Valve (OV) The oxygen valve assembly contains a stepper motor that meters flow

Oxygen Flow Sensor (FS2)

Crossover Solenoid (SOL1)

The oxygen regulator reduces the oxygen supply pressure to the proper inlet pressure for the oxygen valve (22-24 psig, or 152-165 kPa @ 180 LPM) and supplies the regulated pressure to the crossover solenoid, which pilots the safety valve.

from the oxygen regulator to achieve the target flow under CPU control, based on operator-selected parameters. It can deliver up to 200 LPM of flow.

The oxygen flow sensor measures the flow from the oxygen valve. The ventilator uses this measurement to provide closed loop control of the oxygen valve and to compute the flow and volume delivered to the patient. A thermistor contained in the flow sensor measures the temperature of the oxygen and provides temperature compensation information to the microprocessor for delivered flow.

The crossover solenoid is a three-way valve that supplies either air or oxygen pressure to pilot (hold) the safety valve closed during normal ventilation. In its normal state, SOL1 is normally de-energized to pilot the safety valve with oxygen. If oxygen pressure is lost, SOL1 is energized and air (rather than oxygen) controls the safety valve.

Check Valve (CV5) The cross contamination check valve prevents the oxygen supply from

entering the air delivery system pneumatics (blower) in the event of a crossover solenoid leak.

Inspiratory System The inspiratory system includes a manifold where air and oxygen are

blended and the inspiratory pressure transducer (PT3) is connected through the inspiratory pressure transducer solenoid (SOL4). The manifold also houses several components designed to ensure patient safety, including the safety valve pilot solenoid (SOL2), safety valve (SV), (CV2), inspiratory non-rebreathing check valve (CV3), pressure relief valve (PRV), and oxygen sensor (OS).

Safety Valve Pilot Solenoid (SOL2)

REF 580-1000-02 G Esprit® Ventilator Service Manual © Respironics, Inc. 3-5

The safety valve pilot solenoid directs the output of the crossover solenoid to the safety valve or vents the pilot pressure line to atmosphere.

During normal operation, SOL2 is energized and directs pressure from the crossover solenoid to close the safety valve. During a high priority alarm condition such as an occlusion or ventilator failure mode (VENT INOP), SOL2 is deenergized to open the safety valve and allow the patient to breathe room air.

Chapter 3

Theory of Operation

Delivery System Components

Safety Valve (SV) The safety valve contains a spring-loaded diaphragm that is controlled

Air System Check Valve (CV2)

Inspiratory Nonrebreathing Check Valve (CV3)

Pressure Relief Valve (PRV)

by safety valve pilot solenoid (SOL 2). Under normal conditions SV is closed, allowing delivered flow to reach the patient. In the event of a safety valve open (SVO) condition, pilot pressure is vented to atmosphere, which opens SV and allows the patient to breathe room air through the safety port at the rear of the ventilator.

The air system check valve (CV2) prevents oxygen from entering the air delivery system in the event of a blower failure.

The inspiratory non-rebreathing check valve prevents the patient from exhaling through the inspiratory limb during a safety valve open condition, which prevents the patient from rebreathing exhaled gas.

The pressure relief valve provides a backup to the operator adjustable high-pressure alarm and prevents excessive pressures in the patient circuit. The PRV is spring-loaded to limit the maximum circuit pressure to 130 to 140 cmH2O.

Oxygen Sensor (OS) The oxygen sensor is an optional device that can be installed between

Inspiratory Pressure Transducer (PT3)

the 22-mm inspiratory port and the inspiratory bacteria filter. The oxygen sensor is a galvanic device that measures the oxygen concentration of the blended gas as it leaves the inspiratory manifold. The output signal from the sensor is used for the high and low oxygen concentration alarms. When the sensor is installed and calibrated, the ventilator alarms if the measured oxygen concentration is not within 6% of the %O

The inspiratory pressure transducer on the sensor PCB monitors system pressure from the inspiratory side of the patient circuit during exhalation pressure transducer autozeroing, ensuring uninterrupted pressure monitoring. It is also used with the exhalation pressure transducer to detect patient circuit occlusions.

setting.

Delivery System Components

Chapter 3

Theory of Operation

Inspiratory Pressure Transducer Solenoid (SOL4)

Exhalation System The exhalation system maintains circuit pressure and conditions, filters,

Heated Exhalation Filter (F3)

Exhalation Pressure Transducer (PT2)

Exhalation Pressure Transducer Solenoid (SOL3)

The inspiratory pressure transducer solenoid periodically vents the inspiratory pressure transducer to atmosphere and makes a measurement at zero (atmospheric) pressure. Periodically autozeroing the transducer allows it to correct the slight zero voltage drift that can occur over time, and improves the overall accuracy of the pressure measurement.

During normal operation, SOL4 is de-energized and applies patient circuit pressure to the inspiratory pressure transducer. During an autozero, SOL4 is energized, venting the transducer to atmosphere. This occurs during power on self test (POST), at the beginning of a breath one minute after POST, six minutes after POST, eleven minutes after POST, and hourly thereafter.

and monitors exhaled gas. It contains the heated exhalation filter (F3), exhalation pressure transducer (PT2), exhalation pressure transducer solenoid (SOL3), exhalation valve (EV), exhalation non-rebreathing check valve (CV4), and the exhalation flow sensor (FS3).

The heated exhalation filter includes a heated filter sleeve and a bacteria filter. The heater protects the exhalation flow sensor and exhalation system components from condensation by heating exhaled gas (which has cooled in the exhalation limb) above the dew point.

The exhalation bacteria filter protects the exhalation flow sensor and exhalation system component from contaminants and filters exhaled gas before it is vented to atmosphere.

The exhalation pressure transducer on the sensor PCB measures patient circuit pressure from the exhalation side of the patient circuit. During normal operation PT2 is the primary transducer for measuring patient pressures, including peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), mean airway pressure (MAP), end inspiratory pressure, and auto-PEEP. The exhalation pressure transducer provides monitoring data for closed loop control.

The exhalation pressure transducer solenoid periodically vents the exhalation pressure transducer to atmosphere and makes a measurement at zero (atmospheric) pressure. Periodically autozeroing the transducer allows it to correct the slight zero voltage drift that can occur over time, and improves the overall accuracy of the pressure measurement.

During normal operation, SOL 3 is de-energized and applies patient circuit pressure to the exhalation pressure transducer. During an autozero, SOL3 is energized, venting the transducer to atmosphere. This occurs during POST, at the beginning of a breath one minute after POST, six minutes after POST, eleven minutes after POST, and hourly thereafter.

Chapter 3

Theory of Operation

Delivery System Components

Exhalation Nonrebreathing Check Valve (CV4)

Exhalation Valve (EV) The exhalation valve assembly is a stepper motor-controlled valve. At

Exhalation Flow Sensor (FS3)

The exhalation non-rebreathing check valve prevents the patient from inspiring room air through the exhalation limb of the patient circuit. During normal operation, it blocks the exhalation system from atmosphere, allowing the patient to trigger a breath.

the beginning of an inspiration, the exhalation valve shuts to create a closed circuit and allow the patient system to pressurize. The exhalation valve opens at the beginning of exhalation, allowing system pressure to vent to atmosphere.

The exhalation valve also regulates positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) and expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) levels during exhalation.

The exhalation flow sensor measures the flow leaving the ventilator. This flow includes gas exhaled by the patient, tubing compliance volume, and bias flow if flow triggering or Auto-Trak triggering is selected. The ventilator uses the exhaled flow measurement to compute flow and volume coming from the patient and the circuit.

A thermistor in the flow sensor measures the temperature of the gas and provides the microprocessor with information to compensate the measured flow.

Chapter 3

Theory of Operation

Ventilator System

Electronics

Figure 3-3 shows the electronic system. Schematics are available upon request.

Figure 3-3: Electronic System Diagram

The ventilator can be powered by a 100 to 240 VAC 50/60 Hz or external 24 V DC power sources (Backup Battery or External Battery). The power supply conditions the input voltage and distributes +5 V, +12 V, -12 V, and +29 V to the main PCB and blower motor controller to power digital electronics, electropneumatic components, and displays. AC power to the humidifier port can be used on 100-120 V units only.

The microprocessor on the CPU PCB and programs stored in memory control the interaction of the pneumatic and electronic subsystems. Using inputs from electropneumatic sensors and the operator, the CPU controls the flow, pressure, and volume of air and oxygen to be delivered to the patient. The CPU also monitors alarms and independently monitors software execution.

Chapter 3

Theory of Operation

The CPU interfaces with the pneumatics and displays through the main PCB and daughter boards that are vertically mounted on the main PCB. The daughter boards include the CPU PCB, digital PCB, analog PCB, VGA controller PCB, and three stepper motor controller PCBs.

The digital control signals from the CPU are sent to the analog PCB where they are converted into analog signals that control blower speed and chart recorder outputs (pressure, flow, and volume). Analog data from the flow, pressure, and oxygen sensors is conditioned and converted by the sensor PCB. The sensor PCB conditions and coverts the data, and sends it to the analog PCB, where it is read by the CPU.

Ventilator data from the CPU is conditioned by the VGA and man-machine interface (MMI) PCBs, then displayed on an LCD.

The following table summarizes the electronic signal path for Esprit components.

Component Signal Path Sequence

100% O2 indicator Front panel overlay, MMI PCB, main PCB, digital PCB, CPU

PCB

29 V Enable Main PCB, CPU PCB, power supply

Air (AV), oxygen (OV), exhalation (EV) valves

Air (FS1), oxygen (FS2), exhalation (FS3) flow sensors

Alarm High Indicator Front panel overlay, MMI PCB, main PCB, CPU PCB

Alarm Med/Low Indicator Front panel overlay, MMI PCB, main PCB, CPU PCB

Alarm Silence Indicator Front panel overlay, MMI PCB, main PCB, digital PCB, CPU

Backlight (9.5-in. display) Backlight inverter PCB, MMI PCB, backlight control

Backlight (10.4-in. display) Backlight inverter PCB, DC/DC converter PCB, main PCB,

Backup Alarm MMI PCB, main PCB, digital PCB, CPU PCB

Backup Battery, External Battery Power supply

Battery/Charging Indicator Front panel overlay, MMI PCB, power supply, main PCB,

Battery/In Use Indicator Front panel overlay, MMI PCB, main PCB, digital PCB, CPU

Battery/Low Indicator Front panel overlay, MMI PCB, digital PCB, CPU PCB

Blower DAC Blower controller PCB, sensor PCB, main PCB, analog PCB,

Blower on/off Blower controller PCB, sensor PCB, main PCB, CPU PCB

Blower temperature switch Sensor PCB, main PCB, digital PCB, CPU PCB

Console: all keys Front panel overlay, MMI PCB, main PCB, CPU PCB

Main PCB, motor controller PCB, CPU PCB

Sensor PCB, main PCB, analog PCB, CPU PCB

PCB

potentiometer.

backlight control potentiometer

CPU PCB

PCB

CPU PCB

Theory of Operation

Component Signal Path Sequence

Crossover solenoid (SOL1) Main PCB, CPU PCB

Enclosure temperature sensor Sensor PCB, main PCB, analog PCB, CPU PCB

Exhalation pressure transducer (PT2)

Exhalation pressure transducer solenoid (SOL3)

External Battery indicator Front panel overlay, MMI PCB, power supply

Heater Main PCB, CPU PCB

Inspiratory pressure transducer (PT3)

Inspiratory pressure transducer solenoid (SOL4)

Mains indicator Front panel overlay, MMI PCB, power supply

Non-maskable interrupt (NMI) signal

Normal indicator Front panel overlay, MMI PCB, main PCB, CPU PCB

Oxygen Sensor (OS) Sensor PCB, main PCB, analog PCB, CPU PCB

Oxygen supply pressure switch (PS1)

Primary Alarm MMI PCB, main PCB, digital PCB, CPU PCB

Primary alarm potentiometer MMI PCB

Printer Main PCB, CPU PCB

Remote alarm (nurse call) Main PCB, CPU PCB

Rotary encoder MMI PCB, main PCB, digital PCB, CPU PCB

Safety Valve indicator Front panel overlay, MMI PCB, main PCB, CPU PCB

Safety valve pilot solenoid (SOL2) Main PCB, CPU PCB

Screen Lock indicator Front panel overlay, MMI PCB, main PCB, CPU PCB

Touch screen MMI PCB, main PCB, digital PCB, CPU PCB

Vent Inop indicator Front panel overlay, MMI PCB, main PCB, CPU PCB

VGA backlight intensity potentiometer (9.5-in. display)

VGA backlight intensity potentiometer (10.4-in. display)

VGA display (9.5-in. display) MMI PCB, main PCB, VGA controller PCB, CPU PCB

VGA display (10.4-in. display) Main PCB, VGA controller PCB, CPU PCB

Sensor PCB, main PCB, analog PCB, CPU PCB

Main PCB, CPU PCB

Sensor PCB, main PCB, analog PCB, CPU PCB

Main PCB, CPU PCB

Sensor PCB, main PCB, CPU PCB

Sensor PCB, main PCB, digital PCB, CPU PCB

MMI PCB, backlight inverter PCB

Backlight inverter PCB

Chapter 3

Theory of Operation

Main PCB

The CPU and other ventilator logic interact through the system data, address, and control buses on the main PCB. The main PCB receives input signals from various keys on the console or touch screen display and sends them to the CPU. The main PCB also contains signal inputs for non-maskable interrupt, running on AC, and running on external battery.

The main PCB receives control signals from the CPU and outputs them to various pneumatic components and console indicators. The main PCB receives signals from the digital PCB to turn on the indicators for alarm silence, 100% oxygen, AC power, external battery power, and backup battery status. The main PCB receives signal from the CPU PCB to turn on the backup alarm, enable 24V, and the Screen Lock, Battery/Charging, and Vent Inop indicators. The CPU PCB reads the Accept key from the main PCB.

The main PCB includes a normal open and normal closed relay that can trigger the remote nurse call alarm. Interface connectors on the main PCB include the RS-232, parallel printer, analog output, and remote alarm connectors.

Other signals routed by the main PCB are the reset, MMI PCB reset, sensor PCB reset, primary alarm, primary alarm failure detection logic, backup alarm, remote alarm, printer, POST timer, clocked serial interface (CSI) signals, and the battery backed +3.6 V.

CPU PCB

The CPU PCB contains the microprocessor, memory, I/O ports, and associated control circuitry that controls the ventilator. Functional circuits contained on the CPU PCB include:

• V851 microprocessor with a 25-Mhz clock.

• Static RAM that stores ventilator data.

• EEPROM that stores patient settings.

• Flash memory that contains ventilator operating software.

• One time programmable (OTP) memory that stores the POST routine.

• Internal RS-232 port that receives ventilator data from the touch screen.

• Non-maskable interrupt that tells the CPU a power source has been lost or interrupted.

• 5-msec bus timer that monitors hardware operation.

• 169-msec watchdog timer that monitors software operation.

• Data address and control bus to the main PCB.

• Current version includes 2 MB memory capacity (previous versions included 1 and 1.5, MB).

Chapter 3

Theory of Operation

Analog PCB

The analog PCB performs a digital-to-analog conversion of signals from the CPU to the blower controller PCB and analog output port. The analog PCB connects directly to the system bus on the main PCB, and includes these functional circuits:

• An eight-bit digital to analog converter (DAC) that converts digital

signals from the CPU to analog for the blower and external devices such as chart recorders and bedside monitors.

• Clocked serial interface (CSI), a high-speed communication link

between the air, oxygen, and exhalation motor controllers and flow sensor lookup tables contained on the CPU and the voltage monitor register.

• A circuit that retrieves converted data from the sensor PCB.

Digital PCB

The digital PCB conditions serial port signals coming from and going to the CPU PCB. It also contains control circuitry for the power fail alarm, primary alarm, backup alarm, RS-232 port, and rotary encoder.

Digital inputs include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) out of range, compressor temperature switch, and oxygen present. Digital outputs include the alarm silence indicator, 100% oxygen indicator, running on AC indicator, running on external battery indicator, backup battery status indicators, printer ready signal, and printer direction.

VGA Controller PCB

The VGA controller PCB contains the date and real time clock and LCD VGA display controller drivers.

Blower Controller PCB

The blower motor controller PCB controls the speed of the blower motor based on analog input conditioned by the sensor PCB. It includes a lockup sensing circuit, which monitors sensors in the blower motor to detect a locked rotor condition. If the blower motor stops running, the lockup sensing circuit shuts off power to the blower.

Chapter 3

Theory of Operation

Motor Controller PCBs

There are three motor controller PCBs for the air valve, oxygen valve, and exhalation valve. The three boards are physically the same, and are differentiated by the slot they occupy on the main PCB:

• Exhalation valve motor controller PCB: slot CN11

• Oxygen valve motor controller PCB: slot CN12

• Air valve motor controller PCB: slot CN13

Each motor controller PCB includes a microprocessor dedicated to controlling the corresponding motor, and drives the step positions of the motor based on input from the CPU.

Sensor PCB

The sensor PCB contains an analog to digital converter (ADC) that converts analog signals from various pneumatic components and the power supply into digital signals for the CPU. Signals include: air flow and temperature, oxygen flow and temperature, exhalation flow and temperature, inspiratory and exhalation pressure, battery voltage, FIO enclosure oxygen concentration.

2, enclosure temperature, and

The sensor PCB conditions blower speed analog input and the on/off control to the blower controller PCB, and routes signals for the oxygen pressure and blower temperature switches.

The sensor PCB also includes voltage monitors. LEDs on the sensor PCB light to indicate under- and over-voltage conditions, as summarized in Table 3-2.

LED on Sensor

PCB

D3 Power supply: -12 V under

D4 Power supply: +12 V under

D5 Power supply: +24 V under

D6 Sensor PCB: +5 V under

D7 Sensor PCB: +5 V over

D8 MMI PCB: +5 V under

D9 MMI PCB: +5 V over

D10 Power supply: +10 V under

D11 Power supply: +10 V over

D12 Main PCB: +5 V over

D13 Main PCB: +5 V under

D49 Power fail

Voltage Condition

Chapter 3

Theory of Operation

Man-Machine Interface (MMI) PCB

The MMI PCB interfaces the front panel overlay, VGA display, rotary encoder, and touch screen to the CPU via the main PCB. The MMI PCB contains control circuitry for the primary and back-up alarms, and includes the hard keys and LEDs on the front panel membrane keypad.

Power Supply

The power supply converts AC voltage to DC voltage to be used by the system electronics. The switching power supply can accept voltage from 100 to 240 V AC (50/60 Hz), and converts it to +5 V, + 12 V, and +29 V DC voltages. In the absence of AC voltage, the power supply converts the +24V DC input voltage from an external DC power source (Backup Battery or External Battery). The power supply also includes power fail logic and charging circuitry for the backup battery.

Backlight Inverter PCB

For 9.5-in. displays: the backlight inverter PCB converts 5 V to approximately 500 V to drive the backlight on the VGA display assembly.

For original 10.4-in. displays: the backlight inverter PCB converts 12 V to approximately 500 V to drive the backlight on the VGA display assembly.

For 2nd generation 10.4-in. displays: the backlight inverter PCB converts 5V to approximately 500V to drive the backlight on the VGA display assembly.

WARNING: The backlight inverter PCB generates high voltage. To avoid personal injury,

verify that the AC and external DC power sources (Backup Battery or External Battery) are disconnected from the ventilator.

Real-Time Clock Battery

The real time clock battery is a 3.6-V lithium battery that supplies power to the real time clock on the VGA controller PCB when ventilator power is off.

Backup Battery

The optional Backup Battery can power the ventilator for approximately 30 minutes under nominal settings if AC power is lost.

Chapter 3

Theory of Operation

External Battery

The optional External Battery supplements the Backup Battery, and can provide an additional two hours of ventilator operation (depending on ventilator settings). The ventilator runs on AC power when available, then External Battery power if installed, and then switches to Backup Battery power when External Battery power is depleted.

DC/DC Converter PCB (use with original 10.4-in. displays only)

The DC/DC converter PCB converts a 5-V input to a 12-V output for the backlight inverter PCB on 10.4-in. displays.

Optical Rotary Encoder

The knob on the user interface is an optical rotary encoder. It converts a mechanical position into a representative electrical signal using a patterned disk or scale, a light source, and photosensitive elements.

Graphic User Interface (GUI)

Esprit ventilators include a 9.5-in. monochrome or 10.4-in. color-capable liquid crystal display (LCD) screen. The 9.5-in. LCD is a monochrome 640 x 480 active matrix display. The 10.4-in LCD is a color 640 x 480 active matrix display capable of operating in monochrome or color mode. The 10.4-in. GUI has mounting screws at the bottom corners, while the 9.5-in. GUI does not.

The GUI includes an infrared (IR) touchframe that contains 24 vertical and 32 horizontal IR emitter detector pairs, each of which is sequenced at a high frequency. When the screen is touched, breaking the IR beam, the x and y coordinates that correspond to the position on the screen are communicated to the microprocessor.

Overlay assembly

IR touchframe

Backlight inverter PCB

10.4-in. LCD display

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