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P80C557E4 |
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS |
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P83C557E4/P80C557E4/P89C557E4
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller
Product specification |
1999 Mar 02 |
Supersedes data of 1999 Feb 15
m n r
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
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Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller |
P83C557E4/P80C557E4/P89C557E4 |
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1. FEATURES
•80C51 central processing unit
•32 K ×8 ROM respectively FEEPROM (Flash-EEPROM), expandable externally to 64 Kbytes
•ROM/FEEPROM Code protection
•1024 ×8 RAM, expandable externally to 64 Kbytes
•Two standard 16-bit timer/counters
•An additional 16-bit timer/counter coupled to four capture registers and three compare registers
•A 10-bit ADC with eight multiplexed analog inputs and programmable autoscan
•Two 8-bit resolution, pulse width modulation outputs
•Five 8-bit I/O ports plus one 8-bit input port shared with analog inputs
•I2C-bus serial I/O port with byte oriented master and slave functions
•Full-duplex UART compatible with the standard 80C51
•On-chip watchdog timer
•15 interrupt sources with 2 priority levels (2 to 6 external sources possible)
•Extended temperature range (±40 to +85°C)
•4.5 to 5.5 V supply voltage range
•Frequency range for 80C51-family standard oscillator: 3.5 MHz to 16 MHz
•PLL oscillator with 32 kHz reference and software-selectable system clock frequency
•Seconds Timer
•Software enable/disable of ALE output pulse
•Electromagnetic compatibility improvements
•Wake-up from Power-down by external or seconds interrupt
2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The P80C557E4/P83C557E4/P89C557E4 (hereafter generically referred to as P8xC557E4) single-chip 8-bit microcontroller is manufactured in an advanced CMOS process and is a derivative of the 80C51 microcontroller family. The P8xC557E4 has the same instruction set as the 80C51. Three versions of the derivative exist:
•P83C557E4 Ð 32 Kbytes mask programmable ROM
•P80C557E4 Ð ROMless version of the P83C557E4
•P89C557E4 Ð 32 Kbytes FEEPROM (Flash-EEPROM)
The P8xC557E4 contains a non-volatile 32 Kbytes mask programmable ROM (P83C557E4) or electrically erasable FEEPROM respectively (P89C557E4), a volatile 1024 ×8 read/write data memory, five 8-bit I/O ports, one 8-bit input port, two 16-bit timer/event counters (identical to the timers of the 80C51), an additional 16-bit timer coupled to capture and compare latches, a
15-source, two-priority-level, nested interrupt structure, an 8-input
ADC, a dual DAC pulse width modulated interface, two serial interfaces (UART and I2C-bus), a ªwatchdogº timer, an on-chip oscillator and timing circuits. For systems that require extra capability the P8xC557E4 can be expanded using standard TTL compatible memories and logic.
In addition, the P8xC557E4 has two software selectable modes of power reduction Ð Idle Mode and power-down mode. The Idle
Mode freezes the CPU while allowing the RAM, timers, serial ports, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, causing all other chip functions to be inoperative.
The device also functions as an arithmetic processor having facilities for both binary and BCD arithmetic as well as bit-handling capabilities. The instruction set consists of over 100 instructions: 49 one-byte, 45 two-byte, and 17 threebyte. With a 16 MHz system clock, 58% of the instructions are executed in 0.75 μs and 40% in 1.5 μs. Multiply and divide instructions require 3 μs.
1999 Mar 02 |
2 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
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Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller |
P83C557E4/P80C557E4/P89C557E4 |
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3. ORDERING INFORMATION
EXTENDED TYPE |
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PACKAGE |
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FREQUENCY RANGE |
TEMPERATURE |
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NUMBER |
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DESCRIPTION |
CODE |
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RANGE (°C) |
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ROMless |
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P80C557E4EBB |
QFP80 |
Plastic Quad Flat Pack; 80 leads |
SOT318-1 |
3.5 to 16 |
0 to +70 |
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P80C557E4EFB |
QFP80 |
Plastic Quad Flat Pack; 80 leads |
SOT318-1 |
3.5 to 16 |
±40 to +85 |
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ROM coded |
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P83C557E4EBB/YYY1 |
QFP80 |
Plastic Quad Flat Pack; 80 leads |
SOT318-1 |
3.5 to 16 |
0 to +70 |
P83C557E4EFB/YYY1 |
QFP80 |
Plastic Quad Flat Pack; 80 leads |
SOT318-1 |
3.5 to 16 |
±40 to +85 |
FEEPROM |
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P89C557E4EBB |
QFP80 |
Plastic Quad Flat Pack; 80 leads |
SOT318-1 |
3.5 to 16 |
0 to +70 |
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P89C557E4EFB |
QFP80 |
Plastic Quad Flat Pack; 80 leads |
SOT318-1 |
3.5 to 16 |
±40 to +85 |
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NOTE:
1. YYY denotes the ROM code number
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T0 |
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T1 |
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INT0 |
INT1 |
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PWM0 PWM1 |
AVSS |
AVREF |
ADC0-7 SDA |
SCL |
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VDD |
VSS |
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+ |
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± |
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5 |
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3 |
3 |
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3 |
3 |
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AVDD |
ADEXS |
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SELXTAL1 |
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RSTIN |
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6 |
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T0, T1 |
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DATA |
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PROGRAM |
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DUAL |
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I2C |
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XTAL1 |
TWO 16-BIT |
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1 K x 8 |
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MEMORY |
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ADC |
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TIMER/EVENT |
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MEMORY |
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PWM |
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SERIAL |
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boot ROM |
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256 x 8 RAM |
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COUNTERS |
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32 K x 8 ROM |
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I/O |
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XTAL2 |
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+ |
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/FEEPROM, |
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768 x 8 RAM |
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EA |
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ALE |
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80C51 CORE |
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EXCLUDING |
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PSEN |
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ROM/RAM |
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3 |
WR |
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8-BIT INTERNAL BUS |
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3 |
RD |
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AD0-7 |
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FOUR |
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T2 |
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T2 |
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PARALLEL I/O |
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16-BIT |
COMPARA- |
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T3 |
PLL |
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2 |
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PORTS AND |
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TOR |
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WATCH± |
oscillator |
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PORTS |
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CAPTURE |
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OUTPUT |
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DOG |
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TIMER |
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A8-15 |
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COUNT- |
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ºsecondsº |
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REGISTERS |
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ERS |
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timer |
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3 |
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4 |
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P0 |
P1 |
P2 |
P3 |
TxD |
RxD |
P5 |
P4 |
CT0I-CT3I |
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T2 |
RT2 |
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CMSR0-CMSR5 |
EW XTAL3 XTAL4 |
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CMT0, CMT1 |
RSTOUT |
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0 ALTERNATE FUNCTION OF PORT0 |
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3 ALTERNATE FUNCTION OF PORT 3 |
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6 NOT PRESENT IN P80C557E4 |
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1 ALTERNATE FUNCTION OF PORT1 |
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4 ALTERNATE FUNCTION OF PORT 4 |
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7 ONLY PRESENT IN P89C557E4 |
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2 ALTERNATE FUNCTION OF PORT2 |
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5 ALTERNATE FUNCTION OF PORT 5 |
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Figure 1. Block diagram P8xC557E4 |
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1999 Mar 02 |
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3 |
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Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
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Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller |
P83C557E4/P80C557E4/P89C557E4 |
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VSS |
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VDD |
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XTAL1 |
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XTAL2 |
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EA |
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ALE/WE * |
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PSEN |
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AVSS |
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AVDD |
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AVref+ |
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AVref± |
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ADEXS |
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PWM0 |
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PWM1 |
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SCL |
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SDA |
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5PORT |
0 |
P8xC557E4 |
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1 |
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ADC0-7 |
2 |
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3 |
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4 |
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5 |
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6 |
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7 |
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0 |
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CMSR0-5 |
1 |
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4 |
3 |
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4 |
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CMT0 |
7 |
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CMT1 |
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RSTIN |
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RSTOUT |
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EW |
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*) only P89C557E4 with alternate function WE
XTAL3
XTAL4
SELXTAL1
0 0
1 1
2 |
0 |
2 |
AND DATA BUS AD0±7 |
4 |
PORT |
4 |
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3 |
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LOW ORDER ADDRESS |
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6 |
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7 |
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0 CT0I/INT2
1 CT1I/INT3
2 CT2I/INT4
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5 |
PORT |
CT3I/INT5 |
T2 |
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6 |
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RT2 |
7 |
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3 |
PORT |
HIGH ORDER ADDRESS BUS |
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4 |
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A8±15 |
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6 |
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7 |
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0 RXD/DATA
1 TXD/CLOCK
23 INT0
3PORT INT14
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T0 |
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T1 |
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6 |
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WR |
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7 |
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RD |
Figure 2. Functional diagram
1999 Mar 02 |
4 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
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Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller |
P83C557E4/P80C557E4/P89C557E4 |
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4. PINNING
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SELXTAL1 |
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XTAL4 |
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XTAL3 |
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AV |
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AV |
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P0.0/AD0 |
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P0.1/AD1 |
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P0.2/AD2 |
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P0.3/AD3 |
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P0.4/AD4 |
P0.5/AD5 |
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P0.6/AD6 |
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P0.7/AD7 |
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V |
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EA |
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SS2 |
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DD2 |
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SS4 |
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DD4 |
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AVref± |
1 |
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AVref+ |
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AVSS |
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AVDD1 |
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P5.7/ADC7 |
5 |
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P5.6/ADC6 |
6 |
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P5.5/ADC5 |
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7 |
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P5.4/ADC4 |
8 |
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P5.3/ADC3 |
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P5.2/ADC2 |
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10 |
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P5.1/ADC1 |
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P5.0/ADC0 |
12 |
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P8xC557E4 |
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VSS1 |
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VDD1 |
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ADEXS |
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PWM0 |
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PWM1 |
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17 |
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EW |
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P4.0/CMSR0 |
19 |
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P4.1/CMSR1 |
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P4.2/CMSR2 |
21 |
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P4.3/CMSR3 |
22 |
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RSTOUT |
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23 |
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P4.4/CSMR4 |
24 |
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25 |
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26 |
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27 |
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28 |
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29 |
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30 |
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31 |
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32 |
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33 |
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34 |
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35 |
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36 |
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37 |
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38 |
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39 |
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40 |
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P4.5/CMSR5 |
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P4.6/CMT0 |
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P4.7/CMT1 |
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DD2 |
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SS2 |
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RSTIN |
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P1.0/CT0I/INT2 |
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P1.1/CT1I/INT3 |
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P1.2/CT2I/INT4 |
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P1.3/CT3I/INT5 |
P1.4/T2 |
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P1.5/RT2 |
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P1.6 |
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P1.7 |
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SCL |
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SDA |
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V |
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V |
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n.c. = not connected
*= only P89C557E4 with alternate function WE
64 ALE/WE *
63 PSEN
62 P2.7/A15
61 P2.6/A14
60 P2.5/A13
59 P2.4/A12
58 P2.3/A11
57 P2.2/A10
56 P2.1/A9
55 P2.0/A8
54 VSS3
53 VDD3
52 XTAL1
51 XTAL2
50 n.c.
49 n.c.
48 P3.7/RD
47 P3.6/WR
46 P3.5/T1
45 P3.4/T0
44 P3.3/INT1
43 P3.2/INT0
42 P3.1/TXD
41 P3.0/RXD
Figure 3. Pinning diagram for QFP80 (SOT318)
1999 Mar 02 |
5 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
|
|
|
|
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller |
P83C557E4/P80C557E4/P89C557E4 |
|
|
|
|
4.1PIN DESCRIPTION
|
SYMBOL |
PIN |
DESCRIPTION |
|
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|||
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|||
|
AVref± |
1 |
Low end of analog to digital conversion reference resistor |
||||||
|
AVref+ |
2 |
High end of analog to digital conversion reference resistor. |
||||||
|
AVSS1 |
3 |
Analog ground for ADC |
|
|
||||
|
AVDD1 |
4 |
Analog power supply (+5 V) for ADC |
|
|||||
|
AVSS2 |
77 |
Analog ground; for PLL oscillator |
|
|||||
|
AVDD2 |
76 |
Analog power supply; (+5 V) for PLL oscillator |
||||||
|
P5.7 ± P5.0 |
5 ± 12 |
Port 5 |
|
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|
|||
|
8-bit input port |
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|||||
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Port pin |
Alternative function |
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P5.0±P5.7 |
Eight input channels to ADC (ADC0±ADC7) |
||
|
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|||
|
VDD1, VDD2, |
14, 28, |
Digital power supply: +5 V power supply pins during normal operation and power reduction modes. All pins |
||||||
|
VDD3, VDD4 |
53, 66 |
must be connected. |
|
|
|
|||
|
VSS1, VSS2 |
13, 29, |
Digital ground: circuit ground potential. All pins must be connected. |
||||||
|
VSS3, VSS4 |
54, 67 |
|
|
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|
|||
|
ADEXS |
15 |
Start ADC operation: Input starting analog to digital conversion triggered by a programmable edge (ADC |
||||||
|
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|
|
operation can also be started by software). This pin must not float |
|||
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|
16 |
Pulse width modulation output 0 |
|
||
|
PWM0 |
|
|||||||
|
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|||
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|
17 |
Pulse width modulation output 1 |
|
||
|
PWM1 |
|
|||||||
|
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|
|||||
|
|
|
18 |
Enable watchdog timer: Enable for T3 watchdog timer and disable Power-down Mode.This pin must not |
|||||
|
EW |
||||||||
|
|
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|
|
|
float. |
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|
P4.0 ± P4.7 |
19 ± 22 |
Port 4 |
|
|
|
|||
|
8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port |
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
24 ± 27 |
|
|
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|
|
Port pin |
Alternative function |
|
|
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|
|
P4.0 |
CMSR0 } |
|
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|
|
P4.1 |
CMSR1 } |
|
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|
|
P4.2 |
CMSR2 } compare and set/reset |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
P4.3 |
CMSR3 } outputs on a match with timer T2 |
||
|
|
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|
|
P4.4 |
CMSR4 } |
|
|
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|
|
P4.5 |
CMSR5 } |
|
|
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|
|
P4.6 |
CMT0 |
} compare and toggle outputs |
|
|
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|
|
P4.7 |
CMT1 |
} |
on a match with timer T2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
RSTIN |
30 |
Reset: Input to reset the P8xC557E4. |
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
RSTOUT |
23 |
Reset: Output of the P8xC557E4 for resetting peripheral devices during initialization and Watchdog Timer |
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
overflow. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
P1.0 ± P1.7 |
31 ± 38 |
Port 1 |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Port pin |
Alternative function |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1.0 |
CT0I/INT2} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1.1 |
CT1I/INT3} : |
Capture timer inputs for |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1.2 |
CT2I/INT4} |
timer T2 or external interrupt inputs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1.3 |
CT3I/INT5} |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1.4 |
T2 |
: |
T2 event input, rising edge triggered |
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1.5 |
RT2 |
: |
T2 timer reset input, rising edge triggered |
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P1.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
SCL |
39 |
I2C-bus serial clock I/O port |
|
|||||
|
SDA |
40 |
I2C-bus serial data I/O port |
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
If SCL and SDA are not used, they must be connected to VSS. |
1999 Mar 02 |
6 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
|
|
|
|
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller |
P83C557E4/P80C557E4/P89C557E4 |
|
|
|
|
PIN DESCRIPTION (Continued)
|
SYMBOL |
PIN |
DESCRIPTION |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|||||||
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
P3.0 ± P3.7 |
41 ± 48 |
8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port |
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Port pin |
Alternative function |
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P3.0 |
RXD |
: |
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Serial input port |
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P3.1 |
TXD |
: |
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Serial output port |
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P3.2 |
INT0 |
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External interrupt |
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P3.3 |
INT1 |
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External interrupt |
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P3.4 |
T0 |
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Timer 0 external input |
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P3.5 |
T1 |
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Timer 1 external input |
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P3.6 |
WR |
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External data memory write strobe |
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P3.7 |
RD |
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External data memory read strobe |
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N.C. |
49 ± 50 |
Not connected pins. |
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XTAL2 |
51 |
Crystal pin 2: output of the inverting amplifier that forms the oscillator. Left open-circuit when an external |
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oscillator clock is used. |
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XTAL1 |
52 |
Crystal pin 1: input to the inverting amplifier that forms the oscillator, and input to the internal clock |
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generator. Receives the external oscillator clock signal when an external oscillator is used. Must be |
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connected to logic HIGH if the PLL oscillator is selected (SELXTAL1 = LOW). |
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P2.0 ± P2.7 |
55 ± 62 |
Port2: 8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups.During access to external memories |
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(RAM/ROM) that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX@DPTR) Port 2 emits the high order address byte. The |
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alternative function of P2.7 for the P89C557E4 is the output enable signal for verify/read modes (active low). |
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Port 2 can sink/source one TTL (=4 LSTTL) input. It can drive CMOS inputs without external pull-ups. |
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63 |
Program Store Enable output: read strobe to the external program memory via Port 0 and 2. Is activated |
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PSEN |
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twice each machine cycle during fetches from external program memory. When executing out of external |
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program memory two activations of |
PSEN |
are skipped during each access to external data memory. |
PSEN |
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is not activated (remains HIGH) during no fetches from external program memory. |
PSEN |
can sink/source 8 |
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LSTTL inputs. It can drive CMOS inputs without external pull-ups. |
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64 |
Address Latch Enable output: latches the low byte of the address during access of external memory in |
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ALE/WE |
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normal operation. It is activated every six oscillator periods except during an external data memory access. |
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can sink/-source 8 LSTTL inputs. It can drive CMOS inputs without an external pull-up. The |
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ALE/WE |
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alternative function for the P89C557E4 is the programming pulse input |
WE |
. |
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To prohibit the toggling of ALE pin (RFI noise reduction) the bit RFI in the PCON Register (PCON.5) must be |
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set by software. This bit is cleared on RESET and can be set and cleared by software. When set, ALE pin |
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will be pulled down internally, switching an external address latch to a quiet state. The MOVX instruction will |
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still toggle ALE if external memory is accessed. |
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ALE will retain its normal high value during Idle Mode and a low value during Power-down Mode while in the |
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ªRFIº mode. Additionally during internal access |
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(EA= 1) ALE will toggle normally when the address exceeds |
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the internal program memory size. During external access |
(EA |
= 0) ALE will always toggle normally, whether |
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the flag ªRFIº is set or not. |
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65 |
External Access Input: If, during RESET, |
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is held at a TTL level HIGH the CPU executes out of the |
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EA |
EA |
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internal program memory, provided the program counter is less than 32768. If, during RESET, |
EA |
is held at a |
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TTL level LOW the CPU executes out of external program memory via Port 0 and Port 2. |
EA |
is not allowed |
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to float. |
EA |
is latched during RESET and don't care after RESET. |
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P0.7±P0.0 |
68 ±75 |
Port 0: 8-bit open drain bidirectional I/O port. It is also the multiplexed low-order address and data bus during |
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accesses to external memory (during theses accesses internal pull-ups are activated). Port 0 can sink/source |
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8 LSTTL inputs. |
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XTAL3 |
78 |
Crystal pin, output of the inverting amplifier that forms the 32 kHz oscillator |
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XTAL4 |
79 |
Crystal pin, input to the inverting amplifier that forms the 32 kHz oscillator. XTAL3 and XTAL4 are pulled |
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LOW if the PLL oscillator is not selected (SELXTAL1 = HIGH) or if Reset is active. |
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SELXTAL1 |
80 |
Must be connected to logic HIGH level to select the HF oscillator, using the XTAL1/XTAL2 crystal. If pulled low |
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the PLL is selected for clocking of the controller, using the XTAL3/ XTAL4 crystal. |
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NOTE:
1.To avoid a `latch-up' effect at Power-on, the voltage at any pin at any time must not be higher or lower than VDD+ 0.5 V or VSS± 0.5 V respectively.
1999 Mar 02 |
7 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
|
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Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller |
P83C557E4/P80C557E4/P89C557E4 |
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5.ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) IMPROVEMENTS
Primary attention was paid on the reduction of electromagnetic emission of the microcontroller P8xC557E4.
The following features effect in reducing the electromagnetic emission and additionally improve the electromagnetic susceptibility:
•Four supply voltage pins (VDD) and four ground pins (VSS) with
pairs of VDD and VSS at two adjacent pins at each side of the package.
•Separated VDD pins for the internal logic and the port buffers
•Internal decoupling capacitance improves the EMC radiation behavior and the EMC immunity
•External capacitors are to be located as close as possible
between pins VDD1 and VSS1, VDD2 and VSS2, VDD3 and VSS3 as well as VDD4 and VSS4 ; ceramic chip capacitors are recommended (100nF).
Useful in applications that require no external memory or temporarily no external memory:
•The ALE output signal (pulses at a frequency of fCLK/6) can be disabled under software control (bit 5 in the SFR PCON: ªRFIº); if disabled, no ALE pulse will occur. ALE pin will be pulled down internally, switching an external address latch to a quiet state.
The MOVX instruction will still toggle ALE (external data memory is accessed). ALE will retain its normal HIGH value during Idle
Mode and a LOW value during Power-down mode while in the
ªRFIº reduction mode. Additionally during internal access
(EA = 1) ALE will toggle normally when the address exceeds the internal program memory size. During external access (EA = 0) ALE will always toggle normally, whether the flag ªRFIº is set or not.
6. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
6.1 General
The P8xC557E4 is a stand-alone high-performance microcontroller designed for use in real time applications such as instrumentation, industrial control, medium to high-end consumer applications and specific automotive control applications.
In addition to the 80C51 standard functions, the device provides a number of dedicated hardware functions for these applications.
The P8xC557E4 is a control-oriented CPU with on-chip program and data memory. It can be extended with external program memory up to 64 Kbytes. It can also access up to 64 Kbytes of external data memory. For systems requiring extra capability, the P8xC557E4 can be expanded using standard memories and peripherals.
The P8xC557E4 has two software selectable modes of reduced activity for further power reduction ± Idle and Power-down. The Idle
Mode freezes the CPU while allowing the RAM, timers, serial ports and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator causing all other chip functions to be inoperative. The Power-down Mode can be terminated by an external Reset, by the seconds interrupt and by any one of the two external interrupts. (See description Wake-up from Power-down Mode.)
6.2 Memory organization
The central processing unit (CPU) manipulates operands in three memory spaces; these are the 64 Kbytes external data memory,
1024 bytes internal data memory (consisting of 256 bytes standard RAM and 768 bytes AUX-RAM) and the 32 Kbytes internal and/or 64 Kbytes external program memory (see Figure 4).
64 K |
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64 K |
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External |
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32768 |
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Overlapped |
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Space |
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32767 |
32767 |
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768 |
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255 |
Special |
(ARD = 1) |
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Internal |
External |
INDIRECT |
(ARD = 0) |
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Function |
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(EA = 1) |
(EA = 0) |
ONLY |
Registers |
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127 |
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DIRECT AND |
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AUXILIARY |
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INDIRECT |
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RAM |
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0 |
0 |
0 |
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0 |
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Program Memory |
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Internal |
External |
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Data Memory |
Data Memory |
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Figure 4. Memory map & address space |
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||
1999 Mar 02 |
|
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8 |
|
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
|
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Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller |
P83C557E4/P80C557E4/P89C557E4 |
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6.2.1 Program Memory
The program memory of the P8xC557E4 consists of 32 Kbytes
ROM respectively FEEPROM (ºFlash Memoryº) on-chip, externally expandable up to 64 Kbytes. If, during RESET, the EA pin was held HIGH, the P8xC557E4 executes out of the internal program memory unless the address exceeds 7FFFH. Locations 8000H through
0FFFFH are then fetched from the external program memory. If the
EA pin was held LOW during RESET the P8xC557E4 fetches all instructions from the external program memory. The EA input is latched during RESET and is don't care after RESET.
The internal program memory content is protected, by setting a mask programmable security bit (ROM) or by the software programmable security byte (FEEPROM) respectively, i.e. it cannot be read out at any time by any test mode or by any instruction in the external program memory space. The MOVC instructions are the only ones which have access to program code in the internal or external program memory. The EA input is latched during RESET and is 'don't care' after RESET. This implementation prevents from reading internal program code by switching from external program memory to internal program memory during MOVC instruction or an instruction that handles immediate data. Table 1 lists the access to the internal and external program memory with MOVC instructions when the security feature has been activated.
6.2.2 Internal Data Memory
The internal data memory is divided into three physically separated parts:
256 bytes of RAM, 768 bytes of AUX-RAM, and a 128 bytes special function area. These can be addressed each in a different way (see also Table 2).
±RAM 0 to 127 can be addressed directly and indirectly as in the 80C51. Address pointers are R0 and R1 of the selected registerbank.
±RAM 128 to 255 can only be addressed indirectly.
Address pointers are R0 and R1 of the selected registerbank.
±AUX-RAM 0 to 767 is also indirectly addressable as external DATA MEMORY locations 0 to 767 via MOVX-Datapointer instruction, unless it is disabled by setting ARD = 1. AUX-RAM 0 to 767 is indirectly addressable via pageregister (XRAMP) and MOVX-Ri instructions, unless it is disabled by setting ARD = 1 (see Figure 5).
When executing from internal program memory, an access to
AUX-RAM 0 to 767 will not affect the ports P0, P2, P3.6 and P3.7.
An access to external DATA MEMORY locations higher than 767 will be performed with the MOVX @ DPTR instructions in the same way as in the 80C51 structure, so with P0 and P2 as data/address bus and P3.6 and P3.7 as write and read timing signals. Note that the external DATA MEMORY cannot be accessed with R0 and R1 as address pointer if the AUX-RAM is enabled (ARD = 0, default).
±The Special Function Registers (SFR) can only be addressed directly in the address range from 128 to 255 (see Table 5).
±Four register banks, each 8 registers wide, occupy locations 0 through 31 in the lower RAM area. Only one of these banks may be enabled at a time. The next 16 bytes, locations 32 through 47, contain 128 directly addressable bit locations.The stack can be located anywhere in the internal 256 bytes RAM.The stack depth is only limited by the available internal RAM space of 256 bytes (see Figure 7).
All registers except the program counter and the four register banks reside in the Special Function Register address space.
Table 1. Memory Access by the MOVC Instruction for Protected ROMs
MOVC LOCATION |
ACCESS TO INTERNAL |
ACCESS TO EXTERNAL |
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PROGRAM MEMORY |
PROGRAM MEMORY |
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MOVC in internal program memory |
YES |
YES |
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MOVC in external program memory |
NO |
YES |
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NOTE:
1. If the security feature has not been activated, there are no restrictions for MOVC instructions.
Table 2. Internal Data Memory Map
LOCATION |
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ADDRESSED |
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RAM |
0 to 127 |
Direct and indirect |
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AUX-RAM |
0 to 767 |
Indirect only with MOVX |
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RAM |
128 to 255 |
Indirect only |
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SFR |
128 to 255 |
Direct only |
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1999 Mar 02 |
9 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
|
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Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller |
P83C557E4/P80C557E4/P89C557E4 |
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255 |
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767 |
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(XRAMP) = 02 H |
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0 |
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512 |
255 |
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511 |
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MOVX @DPTR,A |
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MOVX @Ri, A |
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MOVX A, @Ri |
(XRAMP) = 01 H |
MOVX A,@DPTR |
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0 |
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256 |
255 |
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255 |
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(XRAMP) = 00 H |
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0 |
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0 |
Figure 5. Indirect addressing of AUX-RAM (768 Bytes), ARD bit in PCON = 0
6.2.2.1 AUX-RAM Page Register XRAMP
The AUX-RAM Page Register is used to select one of three 256 bytes pages of the internal 768 bytes AUX-RAM for MOVX-accesses via R0 or R1. Its reset value is (XXXXXX00).
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7 |
6 |
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5 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
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XRAMP (FAH) |
x |
x |
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x |
x |
x |
x |
XRAMP1 |
XRAMP0 |
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x: undefined during read, a write operation must write ª0º to these locations |
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Figure 6. AUX-RAM page register. |
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Table 3. Description of XRAMP Bits
BIT |
SYMBOL |
FUNCTION |
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XRAMP.2±7 |
XRAMPx |
reserved for future use |
XRAMP.1 |
XRAMP1 |
AUX-RAM page select bit 1 |
XRAMP.0 |
XRAMP0 |
AUX-RAM page select bit 0 |
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Table 4. Memory Locations for All Possible MOVX Accesses
ARD1 |
XRAMP1 |
XRAMP0 |
MOVX @Ri,A and MOVX A,@Ri instructions access: |
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0 |
0 |
0 |
AUX-RAM |
locations |
0 .. 255 (reset condition) |
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0 |
0 |
1 |
AUX-RAM |
locations 256 .. 511 |
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0 |
1 |
0 |
AUX-RAM |
locations 512 .. 767 |
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0 |
1 |
1 |
no valid memory access; reserved for future use |
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1 |
X |
X |
External RAM locations |
0 .. 255 |
MOVX @DPTR,A and MOVX A,@DPTR instructions access:
0 |
X |
X |
AUX-RAM locations |
0 .. 767 (reset condition) |
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External RAM locations 768 .. 65535 |
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1 |
X |
X |
External RAM locations |
0 .. 65535 |
NOTE:
1. ARD (AUX-RAM Disable) is a bit in the Special Function Register PCON
1999 Mar 02 |
10 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
|
|
|
|
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller |
P83C557E4/P80C557E4/P89C557E4 |
|
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Table 5. Special Function Register Memory Map and Reset Values
HIGH NIBBLE OF SFR ADDRESS
LOW |
8 |
9 |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
0 |
P0 % |
P1 % |
P2 % |
P3 % |
P4 % |
PSW % |
ACC % |
B % |
|
11111111 |
11111111 |
11111111 |
11111111 |
11111111 |
00000000 |
00000000 |
00000000 |
1SP 00000111
2DPL 00000000
3DPH
00000000
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
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|
6 |
ADRSL0 # |
ADRSL1 # |
ADRSL2 # |
ADRSL3 # |
ADRSL4 # |
ADRSL5 # |
ADRSL6 # |
ADRSL7 # |
|
XXXXXXXX |
XXXXXXXX |
XXXXXXXX |
XXXXXXXX |
XXXXXXXX |
XXXXXXXX |
XXXXXXXX |
XXXXXXXX |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
PCON |
|
|
|
P5 # |
ADCON |
ADPSS |
ADRSH # |
|
00000000 |
|
|
|
XXXXXXXX |
00000000 |
00000000 |
000000XX |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
TCON % |
S0CON % |
IEN0 % |
IP0 % |
TM2IR % |
S1CON % |
IEN1 % |
IP1 % |
|
00000000 |
00000000 |
00000000 |
X0000000 |
00000000 |
00000000 |
00000000 |
00000000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
TMOD |
S0BUF |
CML0 |
|
CMH0 |
S1STA # |
|
PLLCON |
|
00000000 |
XXXXXXXX |
00000000 |
|
00000000 |
11111000 |
|
00001101 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A |
TL0 |
|
CML1 |
|
CMH1 |
S1DAT |
TM2CON |
XRAMP |
|
00000000 |
|
00000000 |
|
00000000 |
00000000 |
00000000 |
XXXXXX00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B |
TL1 |
|
CML2 |
|
CMH2 |
S1ADR |
CTCON |
FMCON * |
|
00000000 |
|
00000000 |
|
00000000 |
00000000 |
00000000 |
000X0000 |
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C |
TH0 |
|
CTL0 # |
|
CTH0 # |
|
TML2 # |
PWM0 |
|
00000000 |
|
XXXXXXXX |
|
XXXXXXXX |
|
00000000 |
00000000 |
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
D |
TH1 |
|
CTL1 # |
|
CTH1 # |
|
TMH2 # |
PWM1 |
|
00000000 |
|
XXXXXXXX |
|
XXXXXXXX |
|
00000000 |
00000000 |
|
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|
E |
|
|
CTL2 # |
|
CTH2 # |
|
STE |
PWMP |
|
|
|
XXXXXXXX |
|
XXXXXXXX |
|
11000000 |
00000000 |
|
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|
F |
|
|
CTL3 # |
|
CTH3 # |
|
RTE |
T3 |
|
|
|
XXXXXXXX |
|
XXXXXXXX |
|
00000000 |
00000000 |
NOTES:
%= Bit addressable register
#= Read only register
X = Undefined
*= FMCON only in P89C557E4
6.3 Addressing
The P8xC557E4 has five methods for addressing:
•Register
•Direct
•Register-Indirect
•Immediate
•Base-Register plus Index-Register-Indirect
The first three methods can be used for addressing destination operands. Most instructions have a ªdestination/sourceº field that specifies the data type, addressing methods and operands involved. For operations other than MOVs, the destination operand is also a source operand.
Access to memory addresses is as follows:
•Register in one of the four register banks through Register, Direct or Register-Indirect addressing
•1024 bytes of internal RAM through Direct or Register-Indirect addressing.
±Bytes 0±127 of internal RAM may be addressed directly/indirectly. Bytes 128±255 of internal RAM share their address location with the SFRs and so may only be addressed indirectly as data RAM.
±Bytes 0±767 of AUX-RAM can only be addressed indirectly via MOVX.
•Special Function Register through direct addressing at address locations 128±255 (see Figure 8).
•External data memory through Register-Indirect addressing
•Program memory look-up tables through Base-Register plus Index-Register-Indirect addressing
1999 Mar 02 |
11 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
|
|
|
|
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller |
P83C557E4/P80C557E4/P89C557E4 |
|
|
|
|
BYTE ADDRESS |
|
BIT ADDRESS (HEX) |
BYTE ADDRESS |
(HEX) |
|
(DECIMAL) |
|
FFH |
(MSB) |
(LSB) |
255 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2FH |
7F |
7E |
7D |
7C |
7B |
7A |
79 |
78 |
47 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2EH |
77 |
76 |
75 |
74 |
73 |
72 |
71 |
70 |
46 |
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2DH |
6F |
6E |
6D |
6C |
6B |
6A |
69 |
68 |
45 |
2CH |
67 |
66 |
65 |
64 |
63 |
62 |
61 |
60 |
44 |
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
2BH |
5F |
5E |
5D |
5C |
5B |
5A |
59 |
58 |
43 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2AH |
57 |
56 |
55 |
54 |
53 |
52 |
51 |
50 |
42 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29H |
4F |
4E |
4D |
4C |
4B |
4A |
49 |
48 |
41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28H |
47 |
46 |
45 |
44 |
43 |
42 |
41 |
40 |
40 |
27H |
3F |
3E |
3D |
3C |
3B |
3A |
39 |
38 |
39 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
26H |
37 |
36 |
35 |
34 |
33 |
32 |
31 |
30 |
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25H |
2F |
2E |
2D |
2C |
2B |
2A |
29 |
28 |
37 |
|
|
|
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|
|
24H |
27 |
26 |
25 |
24 |
23 |
22 |
21 |
20 |
36 |
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
23H |
1F |
1E |
1D |
1C |
1B |
1A |
19 |
18 |
35 |
22H |
17 |
16 |
15 |
14 |
13 |
12 |
11 |
10 |
34 |
|
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21H |
0F |
0E |
0D |
0C |
0B |
0A |
09 |
08 |
33 |
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20H |
07 |
06 |
05 |
04 |
03 |
02 |
01 |
00 |
32 |
1FH |
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31 |
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||
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Bank 3 |
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18H |
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24 |
17H |
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23 |
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||
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Bank 2 |
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|
10H |
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16 |
0FH |
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15 |
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||
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Bank 1 |
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08H |
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8 |
07H |
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7 |
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||
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Bank 0 |
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|
00H |
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|
0 |
Figure 7. RAM bit addresses
1999 Mar 02 |
12 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
|
|
|
|
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller |
P83C557E4/P80C557E4/P89C557E4 |
|
|
|
|
DIRECT BYTE |
|
|
|
|
BIT ADDRESS (HEX) |
|
|
REGISTER |
|||
ADDRESS (HEX) |
|
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|
|
MNEMONIC |
||||
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FFH |
|
(MSB) |
|
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(LSB) |
|
|
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|
PT2 |
PCM2 |
PCM1 |
PCM0 |
PCT3 |
PCT2 |
PCT1 |
PCT0 |
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|||||||||
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|||||||||
F8H |
|
FF |
|
FE |
FD |
FC |
FB |
FA |
F9 |
F8 |
IP1 |
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F0H |
|
F7 |
|
F6 |
F5 |
F4 |
F3 |
F2 |
F1 |
F0 |
B |
|
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|
ET2 |
ECM2 |
ECM1 |
ECM0 |
ECT3 |
ECT2 |
ECT1 |
ECT0 |
|
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E8H |
|
EF |
|
EE |
ED |
EC |
EB |
EA |
E9 |
E8 |
IEN1 |
E0H |
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ACC |
|
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||
|
E7 |
|
E6 |
E5 |
E4 |
E3 |
E2 |
E1 |
E0 |
||
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CR2 |
ENS1 |
STA |
STO |
SI |
AA |
CR1 |
CR0 |
|
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D8H |
|
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DF |
|
DE |
DD |
DC |
DB |
DA |
D9 |
D8 |
S1CON |
|
|
|
CY |
AC |
F0 |
RS1 |
RS0 |
OV |
F1 |
P |
|
|
D0H |
|
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PSW |
|
D7 |
|
D6 |
D5 |
D4 |
D3 |
D2 |
D1 |
D0 |
||
|
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T2OV |
CMI2 |
CMI1 |
CMI0 |
CTI3 |
CTI2 |
CTI1 |
CTI0 |
|
|
C8H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TM2IR |
|
CF |
|
CE |
CD |
CC |
CB |
CA |
C9 |
C8 |
||
C0H |
|
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P4 |
|
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||
|
C7 |
|
C6 |
C5 |
C4 |
C3 |
C2 |
C1 |
C0 |
||
|
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|
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± |
|
PAD |
PS1 |
PS0 |
PT1 |
PX1 |
PT0 |
PX0 |
|
B8H |
|
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|
IP0 |
|
BF |
|
BE |
BD |
BC |
BB |
BA |
B9 |
B8 |
||
B0H |
|
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P3 |
|
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||
|
B7 |
|
B6 |
B5 |
B4 |
B3 |
B2 |
B1 |
B0 |
||
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EA |
EAD |
ES1 |
ES0 |
ET1 |
EX1 |
ET0 |
EX0 |
|
|
A8H |
|
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|
|
IEN0 |
|
AF |
|
AE |
AD |
AC |
AB |
AA |
A9 |
A8 |
||
A0H |
|
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P2 |
|
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||
|
A7 |
|
A6 |
A5 |
A4 |
A3 |
A2 |
A1 |
A0 |
||
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|
SM0 |
SM1 |
SM2 |
REN |
TB8 |
RB8 |
TI |
RI |
|
|
98H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S0CON |
|
9F |
|
9E |
9D |
9C |
9B |
9A |
99 |
98 |
||
90H |
|
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P1 |
|
|
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||
|
97 |
|
96 |
95 |
94 |
93 |
92 |
91 |
90 |
||
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|
|
TF1 |
TR1 |
TF0 |
TR0 |
IE1 |
IT1 |
IE0 |
IT0 |
|
|
88H |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TCON |
|
8F |
|
8E |
8D |
8C |
8B |
8A |
89 |
88 |
||
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80H |
|
87 |
|
86 |
85 |
84 |
83 |
82 |
81 |
80 |
P0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Figure 8. Special Function Register bit addresses
1999 Mar 02 |
13 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
|
|
|
|
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller |
P83C557E4/P80C557E4/P89C557E4 |
|
|
|
|
6.4 I/O Facilities
The P8xC557E4 has six 8-bit ports. Ports 0 to 3 are the same as in the 80C51, with the exception of the additional functions of Port 1.
The parallel I/O function of Port 4 is equal to that of Ports 1, 2 and 3. Port 5 has a parallel input port function, but has no function as an output port.
The SDA and SCL lines serve the serial port SIO1 (I2C). Because the I2C-bus may be active while the device is disconnected from VDD, these pins, are provided with open drain drivers.
Ports 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 perform the following alternative functions:
Port 0 : provides the multiplexed low-order address and data bus used for expanding the P8xC557E4 with standard memories and peripherals.
Port 1 : Port 1 is used for a number of special functions:
4 capture inputs (or external interrupt request inputs if capture information is not utilized)
±external counter input
±external counter reset input
Port 2 : provides the high-order address bus when the
P8xC557E4 is expanded with external Program
Memory and/or external Data Memory.
Port 4 : can be configured to provide signals indicating a match between timer counter T2 and its compare registers.
Port 5 : may be used in conjunction with the ADC interface. Unused analog inputs can be used as digital inputs. As Port 5 lines may be used as inputs to the ADC, these digital inputs have an inherent hysteresis to prevent the input logic from drawing too much current from the power lines when driven by analog signals. Channel to channel crosstalk should be taken into consideration when both digital and analog signals are simultaneously input to Port 5 (see DC characteristics).
All ports are bidirectional with the exception of Port 5 which is an input port.
Pins of which the alternative function is not used may be used as normal bidirectional I/Os.
The generation or use of a Port 1, Port 3 or Port 4 pin as an alternative function is carried out automatically by the P8xC557E4 provided the associated Special Function Register bit is set HIGH.
The pull-up arrangements of Ports 1 ± 4 are shown in Figure 9.
Port 3 : pins can be configured individually to provide:
± external interrupt request inputs
± counter inputs
± receiver input and transmitter output of seri port SIO 0 (UART)
± control signals to read and write external Data Memory
VDD |
VDD |
VDD |
2 System Clock Periods |
|
|
P1 |
P2 |
P3 |
Port
Pin
n
QN
From Port
Latch
Input Data
Read Port Pin
P1 is turned on for 2 system clock periods after QN makes a 1-to-0 transition.
During this time, P1 also turns on P3 through the inverter to form an additional pull up.
Figure 9. I/O buffers in the P8xC557E4 (Ports 1, 2, 3 and 4)
1999 Mar 02 |
14 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
|
|
|
|
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller |
P83C557E4/P80C557E4/P89C557E4 |
|
|
|
|
6.5 Pulse Width Modulated Outputs
The P8xC557E4 contains two pulse width modulated output channels (see Figure 13). These channels generate pulses of programmable length and interval. The repetition frequency is defined by an 8-bit prescaler PWMP, which supplies the clock for the counter. The prescaler and counter are common to both PWM channels. The 8-bit counter counts module 255, i.e., from 0 to 254 inclusive. The value of the 8-bit counter is compared to the contents of two registers: PWM0 and PWM1. Provided the contents of either of these registers is greater than the counter value, the corresponding PWM0 or PWM1 output is set LOW. If the contents of these registers are equal to, or less than the counter value, the output will be HIGH. The pulse-width-ratio is therefore defined by the contents of the registers PWM0 and PWM1. The pulse-width-ratio is in the range of 0/255 to 255/255 and may be programmed in increments of 1/255.
Buffered PWM outputs may be used to drive DC motors. The rotation speed of the motor would be proportional to the contents of PWMn. The PWM outputs may also be configured as a dual DAC. In this application, the PWM outputs must be integrated using
conventional operational amplifier circuitry. If the resulting output voltages have to be accurate, external buffers with their own analog supply should be used to buffer the PWM outputs before they are integrated. The repetition frequency fpwm, at the PWMn outputs is give by:
fpwm fCLK
2 (1 PWMP) 255
This gives a repetition frequency range of 123 Hz to 31.4 kHz (fCLK = 16 MHz). By loading the PWM registers with either 00H or FFH, the PWM channels will output a constant HIGH or LOW level, respectively. Since the 8-bit counter counts modulo 255, it can never actually reach the value of the PWM registers when they are loaded with FFH.
When a compare register (PWM0 or PWM1) is loaded with a new value, the associated output is updated immediately. It does not
have to wait until the end of the current counter period. Both PWMn output pins are driven by push-pull drivers. These pins are not used for any other purpose.
|
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7 |
6 |
5 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
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|
PWMP (FEH) |
PWMP.7 |
PWMP.6 |
PWMP.5 |
PWMP.4 |
PWMP.3 |
PWMP.2 |
PWMP.1 |
PWMP.0 |
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Figure 10. Prescaler frequency control register PWMP. |
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||||
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|
Table 6. Description of PWMP Bits
|
BIT |
|
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|
|
FUNCTION |
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|||
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PWMP.0 to 7 |
|
|
Prescaler division factor = (PWMP) + 1 |
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||||||||
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NOTE: |
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|
|
1. Reading PWMP gives the current reload value. The actual count of the prescaler cannot be read. |
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7 |
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6 |
5 |
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4 |
3 |
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2 |
1 |
0 |
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PWM0 (FCH) |
PWM0.7 |
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PWM0.6 |
PWM0.5 |
PWM0.4 |
PWM0.3 |
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PWM0.2 |
PWM0.1 |
PWM0.0 |
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Figure 11. Pulse width register PWM0. |
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Table 7. Description of PWM0 bits |
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(PWM0) |
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PWM0.0 to 7 |
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LOW/HIGH ration of PWM0 signal = |
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255 ± (PWM0) |
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1999 Mar 02 |
15 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
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Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller |
P83C557E4/P80C557E4/P89C557E4 |
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7 |
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0 |
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PWM1 (FDH) |
PWM1.7 |
PWM1.6 |
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PWM1.5 |
PWM1.4 |
PWM1.3 |
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PWM1.2 |
PWM1.1 |
PWM1.0 |
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Figure 12. Pulse width register PWM1. |
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Table 8. Description of PWM1 bits
BIT |
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FUNCTION |
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PWM1.0 to 7 |
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LOW/HIGH ration of PWM1 signal = |
(PWM1) |
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255 ± (PWM1) |
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PWM0 |
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8-Bit Comparator |
Output |
PWM0 |
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Buffer |
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Bus |
fCLK |
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Internal |
1/2 |
Prescaler |
8-Bit Counter |
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PWMP |
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8-Bit Comparator |
Output |
PWM1 |
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Buffer |
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PWM1 |
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Figure 13. Functional Diagram of Pulse Width Modulated Outputs. |
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1999 Mar 02 |
16 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
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Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller |
P83C557E4/P80C557E4/P89C557E4 |
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6.6 Analog/Digital Converter (ADC)
The P8xC557E4 A/D Converter is a 10-bit, successive approximation ADC with 8 multiplexed analog input channels. It additionally contains a high input impedance comparator, a DAC built with 1024 series resistors and analog switches, registers and control logic.
Input voltage range is from AVref± (typical 0V) to AVref+ (typical +5V).
A set of 8 buffer registers (10-bit) store the conversion results of the proper analog input channel each.
11 Special Function Registers (SFR) perform the user software interface to the ADC: a control SFR (ADCON), an analog port scan-select SFR (ADPSS), 8 input channel related conversion result
SFR with the 8 lower result bits (ADRSL0...ADRSL7), one common result SFR for the upper 2 result bits (ADRSH). An extra SFR (P5) allows for reading digital input port data as an alternative function of the 8 analog input pins.
In order to have a minimum of ADC service overhead in the microcontroller program, the ADC is able to operate autonomously within its user configurable autoscan function.
The functional diagram of the ADC is shown in Figure 15.
Feature Overview:
•10-bit resolution.
•8 multiplexed analog inputs.
•Programmable autoscan of the analog inputs.
•Bit oriented 8-bit scan-select register to select analog inputs.
•Continuous scan or one time scan configurable from 1 to 8 analog inputs.
6.1.1 Functional description:
•Start of a conversion by software or with an external signal.
•Eight 10-bit buffer registers, one register for each analog input channel.
•Interrupt request after one channel scan loop.
•Programmable prescaler (dividing by 2, 4, 6, 8) to adapt to different system clock frequencies.
•Conversion time for one A/D conversion: 15 μs ... 50 μs
•Differential non-linearity |
: |
DLe |
±1 LSB. |
•Integral non-linearity |
: |
ILe |
±2 LSB. |
•Offset error |
: |
OSe ±2LSB. |
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•Gain error |
: |
Ge |
±0.4 %. |
•Absolute voltage error |
: |
Ae |
±3 LSB. |
•Channel to channel matching |
: |
Mctc ±1LSB. |
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•Crosstalk between analog inputs : |
Ct < ±60dB. @100 kHz. |
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•Monotonic and no missing codes. |
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•Separated analog (AVDD, AVSS) and digital (VDD, VSS) supply voltages.
•Reference voltage at two special pins : AVREF± and AVREF+.
For further information on the ADC characteristics, refer to the ªDC CHARACTERISTICSº section.
Table 9. A/D Special Function Registers
SYMBOL |
NAME |
ACCESS |
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ADCON |
A/D control register |
read/write |
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ADPSS |
Analog port scan-select register |
read/write |
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ADRSLn |
8 A/D result registers, the 8 lower bits (n: 0...7) |
read only |
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ADRSH |
A/D result register, the 2 higher bits |
read only |
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P5 |
Digital input port (shared with analog inputs) |
read only |
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A/D Control Register ADCON
The Special Function Register ADCON contains control and status bits for the A/D Converter peripheral block. The reset value of ADCON is (00000000). Its hardware address is D7H. ADCON is not bit addressable.
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7 |
6 |
5 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
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ADCON (D7H) |
ADPR1 |
ADPR0 |
ADPOS |
ADINT |
ADSST |
ADCSA |
ADSRE |
ADSFE |
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Figure 14. ADC control register.
1999 Mar 02 |
17 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
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Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller |
P83C557E4/P80C557E4/P89C557E4 |
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ADC0 |
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COMPARATOR |
SAR |
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ANALOG |
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Mux. |
+ |
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± |
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ADC7 |
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AVref+ |
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10 |
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10 |
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DAC |
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AVref± |
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10 |
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AVDD1 |
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8x |
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AVSS1 |
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10±bit result |
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registers |
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ADEXS |
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2 |
8 |
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SCAN LOGIC |
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2 LATCHES |
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ADPSS |
ADCON |
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Read |
ADRSLn |
8 |
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ADRSH |
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8 |
8 |
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INTERNAL BUS
Figure 15. Functional diagram of AD converter.
Table 10. Description of ADCON bits
SYMBOL |
BIT |
FUNCTION |
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ADCON.7 |
ADPR1 |
Control bit for the prescaler. |
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ADCON.6 |
ADPR0 |
Control bit for the prescaler. |
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ADPR1=0 ADPR0=0 |
Prescaler divides by 2 (default by reset) |
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ADPR1=0 ADPR0=1 |
Prescaler divides by 4 |
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ADPR1=1 ADPR0=0 |
Prescaler divides by 6 |
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ADPR1=1 ADPR0=1 |
Prescaler divides by 8 |
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ADCON.5 |
ADPOS |
ADPOS is reserved for future use. Must be '0' if ADCON is written. |
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ADCON.4 |
ADINT |
ADC interrupt flag. This flag is set when all selected analog inputs are converted, as well in continuous |
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scan as in one-time scan mode. An interrupt is invoked if this interrupt is enabled. ADINT must be cleared |
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by software. It cannot be set by software. |
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ADCON.3 |
ADSST |
ADC start and status. Setting this bit by software or by hardware (via ADEXS input) starts the A/D |
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conversion of the selected analog inputs. ADSST stays a `one' in continuous scan mode. In one-time scan |
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mode, ADSST is cleared by hardware when the last selected analog input channel has been converted. As |
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long as ADSST is '1', new start commands to the ADC-block are ignored. |
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An A/D conversion in progress is aborted if ADSST is cleared by software. |
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ADCON.2 |
ADCSA |
1 |
= Continuous scan of the selected analog inputs after a start of an A/D conversion. |
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0 |
= One-time scan of the selected analog inputs after a start of an A/D conversion. |
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ADCON.1 |
ADSRE |
1 |
= A rising edge at input ADEXS will start the A/D conversion and generate a capture signal. |
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0 |
= A rising edge at input ADEXS has no effect. |
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ADCON.0 |
ADSFE |
1 |
= A falling edge at input ADEXS will start the A/D conversion and generate a capture signal. |
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0 |
= A falling edge at input ADEXS has no effect. |
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1999 Mar 02 |
18 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
|
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|
|
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller |
P83C557E4/P80C557E4/P89C557E4 |
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A/D Input Port Scan-Select Register ADPSS
The Special Function Register ADPSS contains control bits to select the analog input channel(s) to be scanned for A/D conversion. The reset value of ADPSS is (00000000). Its hardware address is E7H. ADPSS is not bit addressable.
If all bits are `0' then no A/D conversion can be started. If ADPSS is written while an A/D conversion is in progress (ADSST in the
ADCON register is `1') then the autoscan loop with the previous selected analog inputs is completed first. The next autoscan loop is performed with the new selected analog inputs.
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7 |
6 |
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1 |
0 |
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ADPSS (E7H) |
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ADPSS7 |
ADPSS6 |
ADPSS5 |
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ADPSS4 |
ADPSS3 |
ADPSS2 |
ADPSS1 |
ADPSS0 |
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ADPSS7±0 |
For each individual bit position: |
0 |
= The corresponding analog input is skipped in the auto-scan loop. |
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1 |
= The corresponding analog input is included in the auto-scan loop. |
Figure 16. A/D input port scan-select register.
A/D Result Registers ADRSLn and ADRSH:
The binary result code of A/D conversions is accessed by these Special Function Registers. The result SFR are read only registers. The read value after reset is indeterminate. Their data are not affected by chip reset. They are not bit addressable.
There are 8 Special Function Registers ADRSLn (ADRSL0...ADRSL7) ± A/D Result Low byte ± and one general SFR ADRSH ± A/D Result High byte ± . Each of ADRSLn is associated with the coincidently indexed analog input channel ADCn (ADC0/P5.0...ADC7/P5.7). Reading an ADRSLn register by software copies at the same time the two highest bits of the 10-bit conversion result into two latches, thus preserving them until the next read of any ADRSLn register. These two latches form bit positions 0 and 1 of SFR ADRSH, the upper 6 bits of ADRSH are always read as '0'.
Thus it is ensured to get the 10-bit result of the same single A/D conversion by reading any register ADRSLn first and after it the register ADRSH.
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7 |
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1 |
0 |
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ADRSLn |
ADRSn.7 |
ADRSn.6 |
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ADRSn.5 |
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ADRSn.4 |
ADRSn.3 |
ADRSn.2 |
ADRSn.1 |
ADRSn.0 |
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(n: 0...7) |
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ADRSH |
0 |
0 |
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0 |
0 |
ADRSn.9 |
ADRSn.8 |
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Figure 17. |
A/D Result Registers. |
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1999 Mar 02 |
19 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
|
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|
|
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller |
P83C557E4/P80C557E4/P89C557E4 |
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Digital Input Port Register P5
Port 5 Special Function Register P5 always represents the binary value of the logic level at input pins P5.0/ADC0...P5.7/ADC7. P5 is not affected by chip reset. P5 is a read only register. Its hardware address is C7H. P5 is not bit addressable.
Reading Special Function Register P5 does not affect A/D conversions. But it is recommended to use the digital input port function of the hardware Port 5 only as an alternative to analog input voltage conversions. Simultaneous mixed operation is discouraged for the sake of A/D conversion result reliability and accuracy.
For further information on Port 5, refer to the ªI/O facilitiesº section.
For further information on A/D Special Function Registers, refer to the ªInternal Data Memoryº section.
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7 |
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P5 (C7H) |
P5.7 |
P5.6 |
P5.5 |
P5.4 |
P5.3 |
P5.2 |
P5.1 |
P5.0 |
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Figure 18. Digital input port register |
P5. |
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Reset
After a RESET of the microcontroller the ADCON and ADPSS register bits are initialized to zero. Registers ADRSLn and ADRSH are not initialized by a RESET.
For conversion times outside the limits for tconv the specified ADC characteristics are not guaranteed; (prohibited conversion times are put in brackets):
Idle and Power-down Mode
The A/D Converter is active only when the microcontroller is in normal operating mode. If the Idle or Power-down Mode is activated, then the ADC is switched off and put into a power saving idle state ± a conversion in progress is aborted, a previously set ADSST flag is cleared and the internal clock is halted. The conversion result registers are not affected.
The interrupt flag ADINT will not be set by activation of Idle or
Power-down Mode. A previously set flag ADINT will not be cleared by the hardware. (Note: ADINT cannot be cleared by hardware at all, except for a RESET ± it must be cleared by the user software.)
After a wakeup from Idle or Power-down Mode a set flag ADINT indicates that at least one autoscan loop was finished completely before the microcontroller was put into the respective power reduction mode and it indicates that the stored result data may be fetched now ± if desired.
For further information on Idle and Power-down Mode, refer to the ªPower reduction modesº section.
Timing
A programmable prescaler is controlled by the bits ADPR1 and
ADPR0 in register ADCON to adapt the conversion time for different microcontroller clock frequencies.
Table 11 shows conversion times (tconv) for one A/D conversion at some convenient system clock frequencies (fclk) and ADC prescaler divisors (m), which are user selectable by the bits ADCON.7/ADPR1 and ADCON.6/ADPR0.
Table 11. Conversion time configuration examples (tconv/μs)
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fCLK |
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m |
6 MHz |
8 MHz |
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12 MHz |
16 MHz |
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2 |
26 |
19.5 |
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[13] |
[9.75] |
4 |
50 |
37.5 |
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25 |
18.75 |
6 |
[74] |
[55.5] |
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37 |
27.75 |
8 |
[98] |
[73.5] |
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49 |
36.75 |
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Conversion time tconv = (6 m + 1) machine cycles
A conversion time tconv consists of one sample time period (which equals two bit conversion times), 10 bit conversion time periods and one machine cycle to store the result.
After result storage an extra initializing time period follows to select the next analog input channel (according to the contents of SFR ADPSS), before the input signal is sampled.
Thus the time period between two adjacent conversions within an autoscan loop is larger than the pure time tconv. This autoscan cycle time is ( 7 m ) machine cycles.
At the start of an autoscan conversion the time between writing to
SFR ADCON and the first analog input signal sampling depends on the current prescaler value (m) and the relative time offset between this write operation and the internal (divided) ADC clock. This gives a variation range for the A/D conversion start time of ( m / 2 ) machine cycles.
1999 Mar 02 |
20 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
|
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|
|
Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller |
P83C557E4/P80C557E4/P89C557E4 |
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6.6.2 Configuration and Operation
Every A/D conversion is an autoscan conversion. The two user selectable general operation modes are continuous scan and one-time scan mode.
The desired analog input port channel/s for conversion is/are selected by programming A/D input port scan-select bits in SFR
ADPSS. An analog input channel is included in the autoscan loop if the corresponding bit in ADPSS is 1, a channel is skipped if the corresponding bit in ADPSS is 0.
An autoscan is always started according to the lowest bit position of ADPSS that contains a 1.
An autoscan conversion is started by setting the flag ADSST in register ADCON either by software or by an external start signal at input pin ADEXS, if enabled. Either no edge (external start totally disabled), a rising edge or/and a falling edge of ADEXS is selectable for external conversion start by the bits ADSRE and ADSFE in register ADCON.
After completion of an A/D conversion the 10-bit result is stored in the corresponding 10-bit buffer register. Then the next analog input is selected according to the next higher set bit position in ADPSS, converted and stored, and so on. When the result of the last conversion of this autoscan loop is stored, flag ADCON.4/ADINT, the ADC interrupt flag, is set. It is not cleared by interrupt hardware
± it must be cleared by software.
In continuous scan mode (ADCON.2/ADCSA=1) the ADC start and status flag ADCON.3/ADSST retains the set state and the autoscan loop restarts from the beginning. In one-time scan mode (ADCSA=0) conversions stop after the last selected analog input was converted, ADINT is set and ADSST is cleared automatically.
ADSST cannot be set (neither externally nor by software) as long as ADINT=1, i.e. as long as ADINT is set, a new conversion start ± by setting flag ADSST ± is inhibited; actually it is only delayed until ADINT is cleared.
(If a `1' is written to ADSST while ADINT=1, this new value is internally latched and preserved, not setting ADSST until ADCON.4/ADINT=0. In this state, a read of SFR ADCON will display ADCON.3/ADSST=0, because always the effective ADC status is read.)
Note that under software control the analog inputs can also be converted in arbitrary order, when one-time scan mode is selected and in SFR ADPSS only one bit is set at a time. In this case ADINT is set and ADSST is cleared after every conversion.
6.6.3 Resolution and Characteristics
The ADC system has its own analog supply pins AVDD and AVSS. It is referenced by two special reference voltage input pins sourcing
the resistance ladder of the DAC: AVref+ and AVref±. The voltage between AVREF+ and AVREF± defines the full-scale range. Due to the 10-bit resolution the full scale range is divided into 1024 unit
steps. The unit step voltage is 1 LSB, which is typically 5 mV (AVref+ = 5.12 V, AVref± = 0 V = AVSS).
The DAC's resistance ladder has 1023 equally spaced taps, separated by a unit resistance 'R'. The first tap is located 0.5 x R
above AVref±, the last tap is located 1.5 x R below AVref+. This results in a total ladder resistance of 1024 x R. This structure
ensures that the DAC is monotonic and results in a symmetrical quantization error. For input voltages between AVref± and
(AVref± + 1/2 LSB) the 10-bit conversion result code will be 00 0000 0000 B = 000H = 0D. For input voltages between
(AVref+ ± 3/2 LSB) and AVref+ the 10-bit conversion result code will be 11 1111 1111 B = 3FFH = 1023D.
The result code corresponding to an analog input voltage (AVin) can be calculated from the formula:
ResultCode + 1024 AVIN *AVref*
AVref * AVref*
The analog input voltage should be stable when it is sampled for conversion. At any times the input voltage slew rate must be less than 10 V/ms (5 V conversion range) in order to prevent an undefined result.
This maximum input voltage slew rate can be ensured by an RC low pass filter with R = 2k2 and C = 100 nF. The capacitor between analog input pin and analog ground pin shall be placed close to the pins in order to have maximum effect in minimizing input noise coupling.
6.7 Timer/Counters
The P8xC557E4 contains three 16-bit timer/event counters: Timer 0, Timer 1 and Timer T2 and one 8-bit timer, T3. Timer 0 and Timer 1 may be programmed to carry out the following functions:
•Measure time intervals and pulse durations
•Count events
•Generate interrupt requests
6.7.1 Timer 0 and Timer 1
Timers 0 and 1 each have a control bit in SFR TMOD that selects the timer or counter function of the corresponding timer.
In the timer function, the register is incremented every machine cycle. Thus, one can think of it as counting machine cycles. Since a machine cycle consists of 12 oscillator periods, the count rate is
1/12 of the oscillator frequency.
In the counter function, the register is incremented in response to a
1-to-0 transition at the corresponding external input pin, T0 or T1. In this function, the external input is sampled during S5P2 of every machine cycle. When the samples show a HIGH in one cycle and a
LOW in the next cycle, the counter is incremented. Thus, it takes two machine cycles (24 oscillator periods) to recognize a 1-to-0 transition. There are no restrictions on the duty cycle of the external input signal, but to insure that a given level is sampled at least once before it changes, it should be held for at least one full machine cycle.
Timer 0 and Timer 1 can be programmed independently to operate in one of four modes:
•Mode 0:
8-bit timer or 8-bit counter each with divide-by-32 prescaler
•Mode 1:
16-bit time-interval or event counter
•Mode 2:
8-bit time-interval or event counter with automatic reload upon overflow
•Mode 3:
±Timer 0: one 8-bit time-interval or event counter and one 8-bit time-interval counter
±Timer 1: stopped
1999 Mar 02 |
21 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
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Single-chip 8-bit microcontroller |
P83C557E4/P80C557E4/P89C557E4 |
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When Timer 0 is in Mode 3, Timer 1 can be programmed to operate in Modes 0, 1 or 2 but cannot set an interrupt request flag or generate an interrupt. However the overflow from Timer 1 can be used to pulse the serial port baud-rate generator.
With a 16 MHz crystal, the counting frequency of these timer/counters is as follows:
•In the timer function, the timer is incremented at a frequency of
1.33 MHz ± a division by 12 of the system clock frequency
•0 Hz to an upper limit of 0.66 MHz (1/24 of the system clock frequency) when programmed for external inputs
Both internal and external inputs can be gated to the counter by a second external source for directly measuring pulse durations.
When configured as a counter, the register is incremented on every falling edge on the corresponding input pin, T0 or T1. The incremented register value can be read earliest during the second machine cycle after that one, during which the incrementing pulse occurred.
The counters are started and stopped under software control. Each one sets its interrupt request flag when it overflows from all HIGHs to all LOWs (or automatic reload value), with the exception of mode 3 as previously described.
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TMOD (89H) |
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GATE |
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C/T |
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M1 |
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M0 |
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GATE |
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C/T |
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M1 |
M0 |
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Timer 1 |
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Timer 0 |
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Figure 19. Timer/Counter mode control (TMOD) register. |
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Table 12. Description of TMOD bits |
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SYMBOL |
BIT |
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FUNCTION |
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Gate |
TMOD.7 |
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Gating control when set. Timer/Counter ªxº is enabled only while |
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ªINTxº |
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TMOD.3 |
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When cleared Timer ªxº is enabled whenever ªTRxº control bit is set. |
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C/T |
TMOD.6 |
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Timer or Counter Selector cleared for Timer operation (input from internal system clock). Set for Counter |
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TMOD.2 |
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operation (input from ªTxº input pin). |
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M1 |
TMOD.5 |
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Timer 0, Timer 1 mode select see Table 13. |
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TMOD.1 |
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M0 |
TMOD.4 |
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TMOD.0 |
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Table 13. Timer 0 / Timer 1 operation select |
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M1 |
M0 |
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OPERATING |
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0 |
0 |
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8048 Timer ªTLxº serves as 5-bit prescaler. |
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0 |
1 |
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16-bit Timer/Counter ªTHxº and ªTLxº are cascaded; there is no prescaler. |
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1 |
0 |
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8-bit auto-reload Timer/Counter ªTHxº holds a value which is to be reloaded into ªTLxº each time it overflows. |
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1 |
1 |
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(Timer 0) TL0 is an 8-bit Timer/Counter controlled by the standard Timer 0 control bits. TH0 is an 8-bit timer |
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only controlled by Timer 1 control bits. |
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1 |
1 |
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(Timer 1) Timer/Counter 1 stopped. |
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1999 Mar 02 |
22 |