Philips GM 5605 User Manual

PHILIPS

MANUAL

Cathode

66-(02

58.2-10

1/86-4/01

ray

GM

oscilloscope

5605

Contents

GENERAL

I.

Introduction

II.

Technical

III.

Accessories

7

data

8

10

DIRECTIONS

I.

Installation

A.

Adjusting

B.

Earthing

C.

Checking

D.

Switching

II.

Operation

A.

Preliminary setting

B.

Displaying waveforms

FOR USE AND

C. How to use

III. Applications

A.

Measuring

B.

Using

C.

Displaying a diode

D.

Displaying a hysteresis

the X

APPLICATIONS

to the

12

before

on 13

•v,v*$r

%

the

local voltage

switching

14

the X input

-j-

•

*••

T.

amplitude

input

18

characteristic

11

on 12

15

16

18

21

loop

21

SERVICE

I.

Circuit description

DATA

A. Y

amplifier

B.

Trigger

C.

Time base

D. X

amplifier

E.

Cathode

F.

Supply

pulse

ray

part

23

shaper

generator

tube

25

-3-|

II.

Gaining

A.

Removing

B.

Removing

C.

Removing

D.

Removing

III. Maintenance

A.

Wafer switches

B.

Cabinet

IV.

Adjusting elements

access

panels

Contents

to the the the the

the

parts cabinet knobs front window

36

and

panels

34

panel

and the

their functions

33

34

graticule

37

34

3

V.

Checking

A.

Mains current

B.

Supply

C.

Ripple

D.

Barrel

E.

Focusing F. Y G. X H.

Time

VI.

Replacing

A.

Thermal fuse

B.

Supply transformer

C.

Switches

D.

Switch wafers

E.

Switch F.

Switch

G.

Potentiometers

H. CRT and

and

adjusting

voltage

on the

and

and amplifier amplifier

base

generator

parts

SK2,

wafers

valves

38

+ 280 V 38

supply voltage + 280 V 38

pincushion distortion

astigmatism

39

41

45

47

SK3

and

SK2

48

SK3

48

SK4

48

on the

48

39

SK4

front

38

47

panel

. 48

VII.

VIII.

Fault

List

A.

List

B.

List

finding 54

of

parts

of

mechanical parts

of

electrical parts

55

58

List

of

figures

1

Adjusting

to the

local

mains

voltage

1

1 2 The 3

Preliminary setting

4

Functions

5

Measuring

6

Examples

7

Determining

8

Network

9

Some particular phase angles

10

Displaying

11

Displaying a hysteresis loop

12

Block diagram

13

Circuit diagram

14

Removing

15

Removing

apparatus

of the

the

of

Lissajous

the

for

quadrant

the

ia

tilted

controls

amplitude

phase angles sine

diode characteristic

of the

of the cabinet panels knobs

position

figures

determination

"bootstrap"

and

sockets

9? = a/b

of the OA 85

integrator

12

14

17

18 19

19 20 20

21

26 27

16

Removing

17

Removing

18

Square wave response

19

Square wave response

20

Replacing

21

Replacing

22

Anode connection

23

Positioning

24

Right-hand

25

Left-hand side view with

26

Front

27

Block diagram

28

Unit

the

view

A; Y

bottom plate

the

graticule

thermal

the

supply transformer

the

c.r.t.

side

view

with

adjusting elements

amplifier

and

of the Y

of the X

fuse

with

adjusting

front panel

amplifier

elements

and

units

34 35 40 43 47

47 49

49

50 50

65

29

Circuit

30

Unit

31

Circuit

32

UnitC; X amplifier

33

Circuit diagram

34

Unit

35

Circuit diagram

36

Unit

37

Unit

38

Circuit diagram

diagram

D;

time

diagram

B;

beam

E;

H.T. unit

F;

supply

base

List

of figures 5

of the Y

generator

of the

amplifier

and

trigger

trigger pulse

67

pulse

shaper

73

79

of the X

control

of the

amplifier

81

85

c.r.t.

circuit

87

91

part

92

of the

supply

part

95

71

Important!

In

correspondence concerning this apparatus

and

serial number

as

given

on the

plate

please

at the

back

quote of the

the

type number

apparatus.

GENERAL

PART

Introduction

The tion educational purposes. amplifiers

is,

therefore, extremely suitable

two

quantities,

can be

time-base generator.

I

cathode

and is

ray

oscilloscope

particularly suitable

For X and Y

having

displayed

the

e.g.

frequency

as a

same properties

CM

and

function

5605

has an

for use in

deflection

(X-Y

for

displaying

phase relationships.

of

time

by

extensive

service

the

oscilloscope).

means

field of

workshops

apparatus

The GM

the

relationship between

Moreover,

of the

and for

contains

incorporated

applica-

d.c.

5605

voltages

8

Technical

Cathode-ray

data

Properties stated Numerical instrument

tube circuit

expressed

are

guaranteed

values

and are

Tube a.

type

b.

effective

c.

total accelerating voltage

screen area

Graticule

V

amplifier

Type

Deflection

sensitivity

Frequency response

Overshoot

Sweep expansion

Input a.

input sockets

b.

input resistance

c.

input capacitance

d.

maximum

voltage

permissible

at

d.c.

input

without

input

in

numerical

at

nominal

tolerances

only

given

DH7-78

for the

flat supplied) 6 x 5 cm

1750V 10 X 8div.

d.c.

amplifier

adjustable

0.1-0.3-1-3-10-30 Tolerance:

Between ously adjusted

0-200

the

1 3 X the and At can be

vertical

4-mm

500

45

kc/s

bandwidth

% for

pulses with

useful

downwards from

maximum expansion

displayed

shift

plug sockets

kO

pF in

switch

25

pF in the

55

pF in the

400

Vr.m.s.

values

mains

for

which a tolerance

voltages

indicate

the

information

on the

properties

of the

screen (other screen types

(width X height)

(1

div.

= 5.5 mm)

to 8

calibrated values:

V/div.

±3%

the

steps,

(— 3

the

sensitivity

in a

ratio

of

dB).

is: 5

Via the

c/s-200

a rise

time

screen height,

the

centre.

the

undistorted

1:

3.5

kc/s.

of ^ 25 ns

i.e.

peaks

by

control.

position

"0.01

positions

V/div."

"0.03"

and

other positions.

II

has

been

voltage adapter.

of the

user.

can be

(uncalibrated).

capacitor

1.5 X

of the

means

of the

"0.1

average

can be

0.01-0.03-

continu-

input

upwards

signal

of the

attenuator

V/div."

Technical

data

9

e.

Maximum permissible

voltage

f.

RC

X

amplifier

at the

time

of the

a.c.

capacitor input

Type Deflection sensitivity

Response

curve

Overshoot

Sweep expansion

Input

a.

input sockets

b.

input resistance

c.

input

d.

maximum permissible

e.

Maximum permissible

f-

RC

capacitance

voltage

on

d.c, voltage

time

of the

d.c.

input

on the

capacitor input

d.c.

input

a.c.

input

300V

50

ms

d.c.

amplifier

adjustable

0.3-1-3-10-30 Tolerance: Between ously 0-200 the

bandwidth

1

% for 3 x the left

and to the

At

maximum expansion can be horizontal

4-mm

500

kH

45

pF in

to 7

calibrated values:

V/div.

±3%

the

steps,

adjusted

kc/s

in a

(— 3 dB).

is: 5

pulses with a rise time ^ 25 ns.

useful

screen width,

right

displayed undistorted

shift

control.

plug

sockets

position

"0.03 switch 25

pF in the

55

pF in the

400

Vr.m.s.

position other

300V

50 ms

the

sensitivity

ratio

of

1:

Via the

c/s-200

from

the

V/div"

"0.1

V/div."

positions.

0.03-0.1-

can be

3.5

(uncalibrated).

capacitor

kc/s.

i.e.

1.5 x to the

centre.

peaks

by

of the

means

of the

continu-

input

signal

of the

attenuator

Phase

Time

difference

base

generator

Sweep times

Mode

of

operation

of the

amplifiers

^

5° for

that

the two

adjusted

to " x I".

adjustable ms/div.

at a

triggered

frequencies

of

0-200

kc/s,

continuous attenuator controls

in 12

steps

from

time base length

20

fxs/div.

of 10

divisions,

provided

are

to 100

10

Accessories

Triggering

a.

required picture

ternal triggering

b.

required voltage

triggering

c.

input impedance

"EXT.TRIGG."

Supply

Mains

Influence ations

internal

voltage

of

mains-voltage vari-

of ± 10%

height

for

external

of

socket

for in- 0.5

0.5

The

view

1

MO//20

voltage adapter and 245 V. The 40-100 nominal

SOW.

The Y and X

inversely

or

external

division

Vp-p

maximum

of

for

frequencies

crosstalk).

pF

c/s

(mains frequencies

mains

proportional

frequencies

voltage amounts

for

110-125-145-200-220

mains frequency

voltage).

deflection sensitivity changes

to the

of 5

c/s-200 kc/s.

of 5

c/s-200 kc/s.

to 10

may

< 50 c/s

Power consumption

mains voltage.

Vp_p

range

only

from

(in

at

is

Mechanical

Dimensions

Weight

data

Accessories

height width depth

10kg

25 cm 16 cm 35 cm

v

III

1

mains

1

manual

2

test

flex

cables

11

DIRECTIONS

AND

Installation

A.

ADJUSTING

APPLICATIONS

I

TO THE

The

apparatus 200-220 The panel.

-

Remove

-

Pull

uppermost

-

Refit

and 245 V by

adjusted value

The

instrument

the

adapter

the

cover

FOR USE

LOCAL

can be

cover

and

plate.

can be

out a

then

adjusted

means

is

adjusted

plate

little, turn

press

MAINS

read through

at the

VOLTAGE

to

mains voltages

of a

voltage

to

another mains voltage

rear

it

the

adapter back again.

the

(Fig.

until

adapter.

1).

round

the

correct

of

110-125-145-

opening

in the

as

voltage

rear

follows.

value

is

j

-

.

-

V

Fig. L Adjusting

voltage

to the

local

mains

12

Installation

B.

EARTHING

Earth

the

instrument

may

be

done

- via the a

plug with rim-earthing

-

via one of the

mains

flex,

earthing

in

accordance

if

the

apparatus

contacts,

sockets

with

has a

or

("•=•")

the

local

3-core

at the

safety

mains

front

regulations.

flex

provided

of the

apparatus.

This

with

Double

C

CHECKING BEFORE SWITCHING

-

Check

-

Check whether

- Set

-

Connect

earthing connections

the

knob

setting

"INTENSE

the

of the

the

apparatus

may

cause

hum and

must

be

ON

mains voltage adapter (see section

has

been properly earthed (see

to

position

to the

"0".

mains

via the

mains

flex.

avoided.

A).

section

B).

Fig.

on

the

2.

If

bottom

desired

the

apparatus

can be

tilted

by

means

of the

stand provided

D.

SWITCHING

ON

Installation

13

Switch to

A

a

on the

apparatus

approximately

stationary picture

time

may

permanently damage

by

setting

its

central position.

of

maximum

knob

brightness,

the

screen.

"INTENS."

left

on the

from position

screen

for too

"0"

long

14

Operation

A.

PRELIMINARY SETTING

- Set

all

knobs

-

Adjust

knobs

-

Check

If VI.H.l.

-

Adjust

controls

the

time

"jYf

whether

necessary,

the

definition

"FOCUS."

to the

and

positions

base

"<-X-»".

the

time

line

reposition

and the

and

indicated

to the

base line

the

centre

appears horizontally

picture

brightness

"INTENS.".

in

of the

tube

of the

Fig.

3.

screen

in

accordance

picture

by

means

on the

with

means

II

of the

screen.

section

of the

Fig.

3.

Preliminary

17*.

setting

Notes

- If the and on the base that turned (see

-

If

of the X must longer

the

time

"|Yj",

left-hand

line

the

knob

be

shifts

With cathode

screen

meter

"ASTIGM.",

base

line

cannot

potentiometer

side

of the

appears.

picture

section

"X

AMPL."

amplifier (accessible

adjusted

if the

is not

This

potentiometer must

does

not

shift

V.F.I).

is in

in

such a way, that

continuous control

ray

tubes,

round.

astigmatism

This

accessible

be

displayed

"DC-Balance"

apparatus) must

if the

position

on the

can be

continuous

"0.3

right-hand side

on the

V/div.",

the is

may

corrected

left-hand side

Operation

by

means

of the Y

be

light

turned (see section V.G.

arise.

of

knobs

amplifier

turned until

adjusted

control

knob

spot

Then

by

in

"Y

"DC-Balance" of the on the

the

means

of the

"<—X-V*

(accessible

the

such a way,

AMPL."

apparatus)

screen

light

spot

of

potentio-

apparatus.

15

time

is

no

I).

on

B.

DISPLAYING

1.

Time

Note; meter according

2.

Time

WAVEFORMS

base

internally

-

Adjust

Turn knob

appears.

-

Apply a voltage

Turn

-

Place

base

-

Adjust

Turn knob

appears.

-

Apply a voltage

-

Apply

right-hand

voltage originates).

-

Place

as

described under "Preliminary

"STAB.*'

knob

If no

"LEVEL"

externally

"STAB."

knobs

"Y

triggering

to

section

as

described under "Preliminary

"STAB."

an

external trigger voltage

side

must

"Y

triggered

anti-clockwise,

to the

until a stable

AMPL."

occurs

(R513,

V.H.I.

triggered

anti-clockwise

to the

of the

be

derived from

AMPL."

apparatus

until

d.c.

or

a.c. input

picture

and

"NV*

at

in the right-hand

d.c.

or

the

and

in the

minimum

until

a.c. input

to

socket

(if the

voltage from which

"N\

picture must

at the

setting"

the

of the Y

is

required

setting

side wall) must

setting"

the

of the Y

required

(page 14).

time base

amplifier.

obtained.

position.

(0.5 div.),

(page 14).

time base

amplifier.

"EXT.TRIGG."

be

the Y

position.

line

just

dis-

potentio-

be

adjusted

line

just dis-

on the

stationary, this

signal

also

16

Operation

C. HOW TO USE THE X

If a voltage with

each other

Some

of

-

Connect

AMPL."

-

Place switches

-

Set the

The

picture

trols

"jYf"

In

order

amplifier

is

applied

and

these applications

the

voltages

and "DC

continuous control

can now be

and

to

obtain good stationary pictures,

inputs should

INPUT

to

both

amplifiers,

their

relationships

are

to be

compared

(AC) X AMPL.".

"Y

AMPL."

"X

brought

"<-X-»-".

be

synchronous.

these voltages

can be

also mentioned

to the

and

"X

AMPL."

AMPL"

on the

to

screen

position " X 1".

made

input

visible.

in

chapter III.

sockets

in the

by

means

the

voltages

can be

compared

"DC

(AC)

Y

desired position.

of the

shift

con-

on the two

•

Step

.-Iit* W Uw

Horl(««l

VcrUcil

vertici

picture

(Hcun

(ta

dull

BnC|.U>eu

I

it.-rniil

tnuii-rmj;

,-iu

,

-X

Operation

cu»n>J/ii«IH.uic

W

iKc-

pKI-re

trtf—l-r

nmul

wKk

»•

nli-nul

k

,J

|Kr

i.,

AWI'l. " ..

IH

•«

nnr

p.rt,u—

*Imi

hr

.---I

l-fc.

->H-J

11

«

lui

.

•rffUtUTWHt

••'.

|.

1<K>U*

k..i

ii.wlal

..

1..I..

il,

l

i,n,

HI

u(

«w

JKHLlHJA

(in

;;.

iv i ii

twntonul

,i

,4

UK1

I..MLH.I.

II

IWllClKd

Cxndnuuui

>elt«lUVt1l'

1>V('

IH>)

ih.

li....

Fig.

4.

Functions

of the

controls

and

sockets

18

Applications

A.

MEASURING

-

Measure

-

Determine

(continuous

Now

height)

THE

the

amplitude

= 30 V.

\.

AMPLITUDE

distance

the

position

attenuator

between

of

in

amounts

the

peaks,

knob

"Y

AMI*!./1

position " x

to 10

(attenu;,i0r

c.j/. 3 div. (see Fig.

l"j,

e.g.

10

V/div.

position)

x3

III

5)

(picture

B.

USING

THE X

The

Frequency Phase measurements Displaying characteristics

Etc.

Frequency

If a spot

influence Dependent peaks.

INPUT

following examples

measurements

measurement

voltage

on the

of

screen

of a

on the

The

unknown

number number

by

unknown

will

voltage

frequency

of

peaks

of

peaks

means

frequency

PEM

217

EI:S

can be

frequency

mentioned:

of

Lissajous

is

applied

describe a so-called

of

known frequency applied

the

image

K-

figures

Lissajous

will

at the top

X

at the

side

known frequency.

5.

Measuring

to the Y

the

amplifier,

figure,

to the X

show a certain

amplitude

the

light

under

the

amplifier.

number

of

Some used

common

as

reference

Lissajous

frequency.

figures are

shown

in

Fig.

6, in

which

50 c/s is

Applications

19

50c/s

Fig.

Phase

measurements

Phase The The angle (see In the figure, If

the top of the

the

100

6.

Examples

angles

of

can be image must then following

is

found:

Fig.

applies irrespective

the

7). sine

<p

ellipse

first

quadrant

(30°)

c/s

Lissajous

figures

measured

lie

symmetrically round

sine

of

phase angle

— 2

div./4 div. — 0.5.

is at the

or in the

by

right

fourth

150c/s

means

of the

<p

of the

quadrant

of a

Lissajous

the

centre.

quadrant

is

determined

The

phase angle

screen,

75

c/s

figure

in

which

by the

the

phase angle

the

<p

is

(ellipse)

phase

ratio

then

a/b

30°.

is in

(360°-30° = 330°).

Fig.

7.

Determining

the

P£M E12J

phase

290

angles

sine

<p

= a/b

20

Applications

If the top is at the (180°-30° - 150°) determination

-

Include a circuit

closed

-

Open

mum

Fig.

switch.

the

value.

8.

Network

of the

switch

In

for

left

of the

or in the

quadrant

as

shown

and

turn

doing

so, the

quadrant

screen,

third

proceed

in

the

shape

determination

the

quadrant (180

as

Fig. 8 into

potentiometer

of the

PEM

289

E127

angle

follows:

the

lead

ellipse

is in the

+ 30° =

to the X

from

minimum

must

second quadrant

210°).

amplifier

clearly

For

with

to

maxi-

change.

Phase

angle (thus also

becomes

larger

smaller

If

the

picture appears

angle

is 0°

y=0°(360°)

(360°)

a)

as a

or

180° (Fig.

Quadrant

2.

(90°-I80°)

3.

(180°-270°)

straight

diagonal

9).

¥>

=90°(270°)

on the

PEM2M

Quadrant

1.

(0°-90°)

4.

(270°-360°)

screen,

the

phase

Fig.

9.

Some

particular

phase

angles

C.

DISPLAYING A DIODE CHARACTERISTIC

In

displaying a diode characteristic

plotted made sinewave voltage. expected internal resistance directly proportional

anode

which voltage.

as a

function

of the

voltage

represents

circuit shown

is

of the

The

to the

applied

the

voltage

in

Fig.

resistance R must

of the

anode current,

to the X

relationship between

10.

diode.

the

current

across

amplifier.

the

Voltage

be

The

is fed to the Y

anode

Applications

through

diode.

source E supplies

small with respect

voltage

Now a

For

curve

current

the

this,

across

amplifier.

diode

use can be

R,

is

displayed

and

21

a low

to the

which

The

anode

is

Fig.

10.

Displaying

D.

DISPLAYING A HYSTERESIS

In

displaying

B

is

plotted contains through of the field mary

winding.

hysteresis

as a

no air

the

number

strength

the

function gaps,

The

(see Fig. 12).

The

voltage

Here

k is a

This

voltage

across

proportional

low and

across

constant.

is

the

capacitor then becomes

to the

must

the

integrated

be

adequately amplified,

diode characteristic

LOOP

loops

the field

of

H. A

voltage

of

magnetic

of the field

strength

windings.

resistor

across

secondary winding

by an RC

across

The Rp is

Uc = k.B/R.C.

of the OA 85

material,

strength

is

primary

connected

this

resistor

is Us = k.dB/dt.

network

the

capacitor.

is fed to the Y

the

magnetic

H.

If the

proportional

current

is

(R»

iron

is

in

series

applied

I/o>c).

The

induction

This

voltage,

amplifier.

induction

core

of a

coil

to the

thus a measure

to the X

with

The

current

the

pri-

input

voltage

B is

thus

which

is

22

Applications

Fig.

11.

Displaying a hysteresis loop

Note - It is to the Y the

axis.

screen

possible that

The

peak

by

reversing

the

trace

of the

the

connections

is

displayed

hysteresis

of one of the

as a

loop

mirror i mage

is

brought

to the

coil

windings.

with

right

respect

of

23

SERVICE

Circuit

A. Y AMPLIFIER

diagram

The The (AC)

circuit

1.

Attenuator circuit

An the In

ed is

A in positions. C30, in

DATA

amplifier voltage under test

and

attenuator circuit, which

input

the

positions

attenuated step attenuator with high impedance the

other positions

C31,

all

positions

I

(unit

and a

A,

Fig.

29)

for the Y

subsequently applied

phase inverter.

circuit

By

C32 and

of the Y

"3

V/div."

by the

means

of SK3 the

deflection

is

connected

is

amplifier.

and

voltage dividers

of

SK3.

of the

C33,

trimmers C27,

the

attenuators

attenuation

is a

d.c.

to

socket

to the

operated

"10

The

output

by

V/div."

R34-R26//R41

(R36-R28

attenuator switch

C28 and C29 and the

are

is

frequency independent.

coupled

means

of

push-pull

BU2

(DC)

amplifier

SK3, thesignal

adjusted

of

...

or to

via an

SK3,

and

R32)

has

in

amplifier.

socket

attenuator

is

included

to be

R35-R27//R41

is

eight calibrated

such

a way

BU3

in

measur-

included

capacitors

that

2.

Phase

inverter

Via

the phase control grid cathode resistor R40.

R42, this valve signal the

anodes voltage The

amplitude value by

means Turning d.c. voltage

stage

attenuator

inverter

to be

difference

of the

stage

of

valve

is

measured,

of

Bl

of the

anode resistors

of

potentiometer

on the

circuit

with

driven

and B2 are

between these

input

the

Bl.

Valves

As the

by a

but

signal

R6

of the

the

signal

valves

control grid

voltage whose magnitude

opposed

symmetrical with

can be R43 and R49 - and

R6.

would also result

Bl

and B2.

Bl and B2 are

in

phase

anodes.

adjusted continuously

amplifier

measured

This

of B2 is

to the

respect

in a

stage

is

stage

coupled

connected

latter.

to the

thus

variation

(B1

'-B2'),

applied

is

driven

via the

to

is

equal

The

voltage

average d.c.

by

varying

the

amplification

of the

which would

to the

on the

common

earth

via

to the

on

the

average

-

24

Circuit

description

3.

Output

give

rise

to a

equalizing

by

means

arises

across

Resistor

current

resistor

C34.

R37 in the

in the

on the

stage

shift

of the

the

values

of

potentiometer

of the

R6.

control

case

of

positive

square

light

wave

spot

on the

d.c. voltages

R57

(DC-Balance),

grid

circuit

input

response

signals.

is

screen. This

on the

of

valve

The

eliminated

anodes

so

that

Bl

serves

adverse

by

is

avoided

of

Bl'

and

no

d.c. voltage

to

limit

influence

the

of

by

B2'

grid

this

parallel capacitor

Output B2', citance

B2.

Bl shift cathode

the

of

shift

to the impedance voltage

dependent balance

dividers

meter

that

The

common

nected

the age of B3, shaper

amplifier

which

As a

are

of the

result

output

and B3 or B2 and

controls

R4-R4'

followers.

control grids

Bl'

opposite

in the

vertical

control grids

R76-R64

dividers

of the

is

maintained. Capacitors

from

affecting

R80 the

the

maximum Y sensitivity

symmetry

cathode

to the Y

case

of

internal

which

via

switch SK5.

B3-B3'

provided

is

to

valves

the

bandwidth

B3'

were

are

By

means

of

Bl'

and

to

that

on the

direction

of

Bl'

and

the

anode potentials

position

the

feedback

of the

of

signal

resistor.

deflection

triggering

is

applied

preceded reduce on the

of the

by the

the

influence

anode impedance

amplifier

directly coupled

included

of

B2'

across and

R72-R70

of the

in the

these potentiometers

can be

grid

B2'

of

the

screen.

via the

varied.

B2'.

respectively.

of

valves

shift

controls

C36 and C37

square wave

response.

both output valves

is 10

in the

The

anodes

plates.

use is

to the first

mVp-p/div.

output stage

of B3 and

For

driving

made

of

valve (B501)

cathode

of the

is

larger than

to the

control

The

As a

The

result

shift

voltage

Bl

and B2 are

(R4,

By

is

adjusted

is

B3'

the

time

that part

followers

high

of the

Bl'

input

valves

Bl and

if the

preceding stage.

grid

circuit

the

d.c.

variation

the

voltage

dividers

By

means

of the

voltage on the image

is

applied

with

of

made R4'), prevent

increased

so

means

in

are

that

the

voltage

of

potentio-

such

due to the

directly con-

base generator

of the

anode volt-

trigger pulse

and

capa-

valves

The

on

grid

will

high

these

in-

d.c.

a way

in

B.

TRIGGER PULSE

The

trigger pulse shaper consists

Schmitt

The

trigger

well

as

SHAPER

trigger

signal,

from

an

(unit

D,

(B502-B502').

which

external

may

voltage

Fig.

31)

of an

originate

source,

amplifier

from

the Y

is

applied

stage (B501)

amplifier

to the

control

and a

(R85)

grid

as

of

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