
vius Qksu dks tkusa
LØhu
ckbZa lkW¶VdqUth
ekxZn”kZd dqfUt;k¡
fidvi dqUth
ekbØksQksu@gSaMlsV@
pktZj duSDVj
fQfyIl yxkrkj vius mRiknksa esa lqq/kkj djus dk iz;kl djrh jgrh
gSA vr% fQfyIl ds ikl bl mi;ksxdrkZ funsZf”kdk ds iqujkoyksdu
djus ;k bls fdlh Hkh le; fcuk fdlh lwpuk ds okil ysus dk vf/
kdkj lqjf{kr gSA fQfyIl ;g mi;ksxdrkZ funsZf”kdk dks ^^orZeku
#i** esa iznku djrh gS vkSj] mfpr dkuwu dh vko”;drk ds
vfrfjDr] dksbZ =qfV] Hkqy pwd ;k bl mi;ksxdrkZ funsZf”kdk vkSj of.kZr
nkbZa lkW¶VdqUth
gSaxvi vkSj pkyw@can
djus dh dqUth
o.kZla[;kRed
dqUthiVy
mRikn ds chp dksbZ folaxfr ds fy, nkf;Ro Lohdkj ugha djrhA ;g
midj.k th,l,e@thihvkj,l usVoDlZ ls tksM+s tkus ds fy, gSA
fdl izdkj ---
Qksu pkyw@can djus ds fy,
Qksucqd esa uEcj jf{kr djus ds
fy,
dkWy djus ds fy,
dkWy dk mÙkj nsus ds fy,
dkWy lekIr djus ds fy,
dkWy vLohdkj djus ds fy,
bZ;jihl dh /ofu Ácyrk
lek;ksftr djus ds fy,
Qksucqd
esa tkus ds fy,
eq[; ehuw esa tkus ds fy,
/ofujfgr voLFkk esa tkus
fy,
dks nsj rd nck,aA
)
Qksu uEcj Hkjsa vkSj L
rFkk
uacj jf{kr djsa
dqUthiVy ds iz;ksx }kjk Qksu uEcj Hkjsa
vkSj Mk;y djus ds fy, ( nck,aA
viuk Qksu ctus ij ( nck,aA
)
viuk Qksu ctus ij ) nck,aA
dkWy ds nkSjku + ;k - nck,aA
fuf’Ø; voLFkk
fuf’Ø; voLFkk
ds
ehfVax eksM ,oa lkekU; eksM ds chp
leUo; cuk;s j[kus ds fy, fuf’Ø;
voLFkk
pqusaA
nck,aA
- nck,aA
esa
esa
L nck,aA
esa
+ dks nsj rd nck,aA
fodYi
nck,a

fiNys ehuw esa tkus ds fy,R nck,aA
fuf’Ø; voLFkk esa ”kh?kz
ds fy,
ykSVus
)
nck,aA
ckbZaZa@nkbZa dqUth
LØhu ds fupys Hkkx esa fØ;k dks iznf”kZr djus ds fy, dqUthiVy ds Åijh
Hkkx esa fLFkr ckbZa vkSj nkbZa lkW¶VdqfUt;k¡ L vkSj R nck,aA
1

1. ”kq#vkr ..................................................... 4
fle dkMZ Mkyuk.......................................................... 4
Qksu pkyw djuk........................................................... 5
cSVjh pktZ djuk.......................................................... 6
2. dkWy djuk ................................................. 7
dkWy djuk ................................................................. 7
Qksucqd iz;ksx djuk ..................................................... 7
vkikrdkyhu dkWy djuk................................................ 7
dkWy dk mÙkj nsuk vkSj lekIr djuk............................... 7
dkWy ds nkSjku fodYi ................................................... 7
bZ;jihl dh /ofu fu;ksftr djuk..................................... 7
,d ls vf/kd dkWysa djuk.............................................. 8
3. ikB~; ;k uEcj izfof"V................................... 9
fufof’V fof/k............................................................... 9
fØ;k dqfUt;k¡a .............................................................. 9
eYVh&VSi
ABC/Abc/abc fufof’V................................. 9
T9 LekVZ
ABC/Abc/abc fufof’V .......................... 10
fpUg fufof’V............................................................. 10
4. laidZ....................................................... 11
laidZ izca/ku ............................................................ 11
u, laidZ cukuk........................................................ 11
laidZ dkWih djuk....................................................... 11
2
fo’k; & lwph
Qksucqd izfof"V gVkuk................................................. 12
laidZ feVkuk............................................................. 12
Qksucqd esa lEidZ [kkstuk............................................. 12
izn”kZu izdkj............................................................. 12
laxzg.k LFkku............................................................. 12
esjk uEcj................................................................ 12
eseksjh dh fLFkfr ........................................................ 12
5. lans'k....................................................... 13
,l,e,l................................................................. 13
lsy lans'k izlkj.k .................................................... 15
6. dkWy bfrgkl............................................. 16
vkmVxksbax dkWysa ........................................................ 16
mÙkfjr dkWysa ............................................................. 16
NwVh dkWysa................................................................. 16
dkWy vof/k............................................................... 16
7. lsfVaXl..................................................... 17
Qksu lsfVaXl.............................................................. 17
dkWy lsfVaXl.............................................................. 17
lqj{kk lsfVaXl ............................................................ 19
usVodZ lsfVaXl........................................................... 20
fjlsV djuk.............................................................. 20
8. ,Q ,e jsfM;ks........................................... 21

izksQkby23
9. izksQkby....................................................22
10. lg;a= ...................................................23
vykeZ ..................................................................... 23
lwphi=.................................................................... 23
dSYkdqysVj ................................................................ 23
eqnzk fofue; ............................................................. 24
LVkWiokp .................................................................. 24
dkmVaMkmu ............................................................... 24
11. [ksy ......................................................25
[ksy........................................................................ 25
12. ,lVhds ..................................................26
,lVhds.................................................................... 26
fp= ,oa fpà..................................................27
lko/kkfu;k¡.....................................................28
nks"k&fuokj.k...................................................32
fQfyIl izkekf.kd lgk;d midj.k.......................33
lhfer okjaVh..................................................34
fof'k"V vo'kks"k.k nj tkudkjh varjkZ"Vªh;
ekud .........................................................36
vuq:irk dFku...............................................37
3

1. “kq#vkr
viuk Qksu iz;ksx djus ls igys —i;k ^^lko/kkfu;k¡** Hkkx esa lqj{kk funsZ
viuk Qksu iz;ksx djus gsrq] vkidks vius th,l,e vkWijsVj ;k foØsrk
}kjk iznku fd;k x;k ,d oS/k fle dkMZ Mkyuk gksxkA fle dkMZ esa vkidh
lsok laca/kh tkudkjh] vkidk eksckby Qksu uEcj vkSj ,d eSeksjh ”kkfey
gSa] ftlesa vki Qksu uacj vkSj lans”k jf{kr dj ldrs gSaA
”k
i<+saA
fle dkMZ Mkyuk
viuk u;k fle dkMZ Mkyus gsrq uhps fn, Øeks dk ikyu djsaA fiNyk doj
vkSj cSVjh fudkyus ls igys vius eksckby Qksu dks can djuk u HkwysaA
fiNyk doj gVkuk
fle dkMZ Mkyus gsrq] vkidks igys fiNyk doj gVkuk gksxkA fiNys doj
dks vius vaxwBs ls nck,a vkSj mls Åij dh vksj f[kLkdk,aA fQj uhps n”kkZ,
x, rjhds ls cSVjh ds LFkku dk vkoj.k Åij mBkus ds fy, vius [kkyh
gkFk dk iz;ksx djsaA
4
cSVjh fudkyuk
cSVjh gVkus gsrq] uhps n”kkZ, x, rjhds ls cSVjh dks uhpyh Hkkx ls mBk,aA
”kq#vkr

fle dkMZ Mkyuk
;g lqfuf”pr djsa fd fle dkMZ dk dVk gqvk dksuk lgh fn”kk esa gks vkSj
/kkrq dk laidZ uhps dh vksj gksA fle dkMZ dks fle dkMZ [kk¡psa esa mlds
LFkku esa #dus rd f[kLkdk,A
cSVjh cnyuk
Lo.kZ laidksZa dks uhps dh vksj j[krs gq,] cSVjh dks mlds LFkku esa #dus
rd okil f[kLkdk,aA fQj mls uhps dh vksj nckrs gq, ykWd djsaA
fiNyk doj cnyuk
fiNys doj dks mlds LFkku esa #dus rd ihNs ljdkrs gq, iqu% yxk,aA
Qksu dk iz;ksx djus ls igys LØhu dks <dus okyh lqj{kkRed fQYe gVk,aA
Qksu pkyw djuk
Qksu pkyw djus ds fy,] nsj rd ) nck,aA vko”;drk iM+us ij fiu
dksM MkysaA ;g iwoZfu/kkZfjr gksrk gS vkSj vkidks vkids vkWijsVj ;k foØsrk
}kjk crk;k tkrk gSA fiu dksM ds ckjs esa vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy,] ^^lqj{kk
lsfVaXl** ns[ksaA
;fn vki yxkrkj rhu ckj ,d xyr fiu dksM Mkyrs gSa] rks vkidk fle
dkMZ ykWd gks tk,xkA mldk ykWd [kksyus ds fy,] vkidks vius usVodZ
vkWijsVj ls ih;wds dksM izkIr djuk gksxkA
”kq#vkr
5

cSVjh pktZ djuk
vkids Qksu dks ,d iqu% pktZ djus ;ksX; cSVjh }kjk ÅtkZ iznku dh tkrh
gSA ,d ubZ cSVjh vkaf”kd :i ls pktZ gksrh gS vkSj cSVjh dk Lrj de gksus
ij ,d vykeZ vkidks psrkouh nsrk gSA cSVjh lekIr gksus ij] cSVjh ds
fpà ladsrd ¶yS“k gksus ls iwoZ mls
vko”;drk gksxhA pktZj dks Qksu ds fupys Hkkx esa pktZj dusDVj esa yxk,a
vkSj lqfuf”pr djsa fd uhps n”kkZ, x, rjhds ds vuqlkj pktZj ij cuk
rhj dk fpà Åij dh vksj gSA fQj pktZj ds nwljs fljs dks ,lh ikWoj
lkWdsV ls tksM+saA
cSVjh iw.kZr% pktZ gksus ds ckn Hkh pktZj dks eksckby Qksu ls yxk, j[kus
ls cSVjh dks dksbZ gkfu ugha gksxhA pktZj dks can djus dk ,dek= rjhdk
mls gVkuk gS] vr% vklku igq¡p okys fdlh ,lh ikWoj lkWdsV dk iz;ksx
djsaA ;fn vki dqN le; ds fy, viuk Qksu iz;ksx u dj jgs gksa] rks ge
lq>ko nsrs gSa fd vki cSVjh fudky nsaA
2 ;k 3 feuV ds fy, pktZ djus dh
pktZ ds nkSjku Hkh vki vius Qksu dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA cSVjh ds iw.kZr%
[kkyh gksus ij] pktZ ladsrd pkftZax ds dsoy dqN feuV ckn gh izdV gksaxsA
6
”kq#vkr

2. dkWy djuk
dkWy djuk
fuf"Ø; LØhu ls
1.
fuf"Ø; voLFkk esa] dqUthiVy }kjk Qksu uEcj MkysaA dksbZ =qfV lgh
djus ds fy, R nck,aA
2.
uEcj Mk;y djus ds fy, ( nck,aA
3.
dkWy lekIr djus ds fy, ) nck,aA
varjkZ"Vªh; dkWy djus gsrq] vUrjkZ"Vªh; milxZ ^^$** izfo"V djus ds fy,
*
dks nks ckj nck,aA
Qksucqd iz;ksx djuk
1.
fuf"Ø; voLFkk esa - nck,aA
2.
lwph ls ,d laidZ pqusa vkSj pquk x;k uEcj Mk;y djus ds fy,
( nck,aA dksbZ vU; uEcj pquus ds fy, + ;k - nck,a ¼vf/kd
tkudkjh gsrq ^^Qksucqd** ns[ksa½A
3.
dkWy lekIr djus ds fy, ) nck,aA
vkikrdkyhu dkWy djuk
Qksu esa fle dkMZ ds fcuk] vki vkikrdkyhu dkWy Mk;y djus ds fy,
R
(
,l vks ,l
Qksu esa fle dkMZ ds lkFk] vki fuf"Ø; voLFkk esa vkikrdkyhu uEcj
izfo"V dj ldrs gSa] fQj ( nck,aA
) nck ldrs gSaA
;wjksi esa ekud vikrdkyhu uEcj
112
gS] baxySaM esa ;g
999
gSA
dkWy dk mÙkj nsuk vkSj lekIr djuk
;fn dkWydrkZ dh igpku iznf'kZr djus dk pquko fd;k x;k gS] rks dksbZ
budfeax dkWy vkus ij dkWydrkZ dk uEcj iznf”kZr gks ldrk gSA ;fn uEcj
Qksucqd esa lgst fn;k x;k gks] rks uEcj ds cnys laca/k uke iznf”kZr gksrk gSA
• dkWy dk mÙkj nsus ds fy,% ( nck,aA
•
dkWy vLohdkj djus ds fy,% ) nck,aA
• dkWy lekIr djus ds fy,% ) nck,aA
/ofujfgr voLFkk esa gksus ij Qksu ugha ctsxkA
;fn vkius
dksbZ Hkh dqUth mÙkj
vU; dksbZ Hkh dqUth nckdj dkWy dk mÙkj ns ldrs gSaA
pquk gS] rks vki ) rFkk R ds vykok
dkWy ds nkSjku fodYi
dkWy ds nkSjku] fuEu fodYi ÁkIr djus ds fy, L
- dkWy
j¨dsa
ij j[kuk
- dkWy dks
e©u
-
u;k dkWy
-
u;k ,l ,e ,l
-
laidZ
djuk
ÁkIr djuk
fodYi
pqusa%
bZ;jihl dh /ofu fu;ksftr djuk
dkWy ds nkSjku] /ofu c<+kus ;k ?kVkus ds fy, + ;k - nck,aA
dkWy djuk
7

,d ls vf/kd dkWysa djuk
vki vius Qksu }kjk ,d lkFk nks ;k vf/kd dkWysa dj ldrs gSa] ,oa dkWUÝsUl
dkWysa dj ldrs gSaA bl lqfo/kk dh miyC/krk vkids usVodZ vkWijsVj
vkSj@vFkok lsok ij fuHkZj djrh gSA
nwljk dkWy djuk
dksbZ lfØ; dkWy ;k gksYM ij dksbZ dkWy gksus ij vki ,d nwljk dkWy dj
ldrs gSaA Qksu dk iz;ksx djrs le;] uEcj Mk;y djsa ¼;k Qksucqd ls ,d
laidZ pqusa½ vkSj ( nck,aA igyk dkWy gksYM dj fn;k tkrk gS vkSj nwljk
uEcj Mk;y fd;k tkrk gSA fQj vki fuEu fodYi esa igq¡pus ds fy,
Lnck ldrs gSa%
•
2 dkWyksa ds chp vny&cny djus ds fy,
• dkWydrkZ dks fdlh dkWUÝsUl dkWy esa ykus ds fy,
fLop
djsaA
dkWUÝsUl
djsaA
nwljh dkWy dk mÙkj nsuk
vkidh }kjk ckrphr ds nkSjku nwljk dkWy izkIr gksus ij] Qksu ,d chi
/ofu djsxk vkSj LØhu bUdfeax dkWy ds fo"k; esa tkudkjh iznf'kZr djsxkA
fQj vki%
( nck,aA dkWy dk mÙkj nsus ds fy, (igyk dkWy gksYM
R ;k ) nck,aA dkWy vLohdkj djus ds fy,A
fodYi
nck,aA fodYi lwph esa igq¡pus ds fy,A orZeku dkWy
L
dj fn;k tkrk gS)A
dks lekIr djus vkSj bUdfeax dkWy dk mÙkj
nsus ds fy, vki
pqu ldrs gSaA
gSaxvi
djsa vkSj fQj
lfØ;
8
dkWy djuk

3. ikB~; ;k uEcj izfof"V
fufof’V fof/k
vkidk Qksu esa 4 izdkj dh bUkiqV fof/k;k¡ lefFkZr gSa%
eYVh&VSi
ABC/Abc/abc
T9
LekVZ EN/En/en
la[;kRed
fpà
ikB~; laiknu ds nkSjku] fofHkUu Hkk’kkvksa esa vkus tkus gsrq * dks yacs
le; rd nck,a rFkk fdlh Hkk’kk ds fofHkUu fufof’V fof/k;ksa esa vkus tkus
gsrq * dks de le; ds fy, nck,aA LØhu ds Åijh Hkkx esa LVsVl ckj
orZeku fufof’V fof/k iznf'kZr djsxkA , vkSj Øe'k%
vaxzst+h esa eYVh&VSi cM+s v{kjksa] LekVZ eYVh&VSi vkSj eYVh&VSi NksVs v{kjksa
okys fufof’V n'kkZrs gSa] , vkSj Øe'k% LekVZ
bafXy'k cM+s v{kjksa] LekVZ bafXy'k vkSj LekVZ bafXy'k NksVs v{kjksa okys fufof’V
n'kkZrs gSa] la[;kRed fufof’V n'kkZrk gSA
fØ;k dqfUt;k¡
R
+/-
) fuf"Ø; voLFkk esa ykSVus ds fy,A
# lwph esa ls Ánf“kZr 'kCn pquus ;k ehuw esa fodYi Áfo"V
* fpà izfo"V djus ds fy,A
dlZj dh ckbZa vksj dk v{kj gVkus ;k laiknu eksM ls
ckgj fudyus ds fy,A
dlZj ?kqek,a] lwph ls v{kj] 'kCn ;k fpà pqusa] ;k lwph esa
uhps LØkWy djus ds fy,A
djus ds fy,A
eYVh&VSi ABC/Abc/abc fufof’V
1.
dqUth ij dk igyk v{kj izfo"V djus ds fy, la[;kRed dqUth
(2 ls 9) dks ,d ckj nck,a] dqUth ij dk nwljk v{kj izfo"V
djus ds fy, nks ckj nck,a] blh rjg vkxs HkhA ;fn vkids }kjk
izfo"V fd;k tkus okyk bfPNr v{kj vkSj vkids }kjk vHkh izfo"V
fd;k x;k v{kj ,d gh dqUth ij gSa] rks dlZj ds iqu% izdV gksus
gsrq dsoy dqN iy izrh{kk djsaA
2.
dlZj dh ckbZa vksj dk v{kj gVkus ds fy, R nck,aA
ABC/abc
eYVhVSi fufof’V fof/k esa [kkyh LFkku izfo"V djus ds fy, vki
0
dqUth nck ldrs gSaA
ikB~; ;k uEcj izfof"V
9

izR;sd dqUth ij fLFkr v{kj bl izdkj gSa%
dqUth Øe ls o.kZ iznf'kZr djus gsrq
1 @ 1 , ; : ? ! ( )
2 a b c 2
3 d e f 3
4 g h i 4
5 j k l 5
6 m n o 6
7 p q r s 7
8 t u v 8
9 w x y z 9
0 0
T9 LekVZ ABC/Abc/abc fufof’V
LekVZ bafXy'k fufof’V fof/k vkids fy, vaxzst+h 'kCn izfo"V djus dk ,d
rst rjhdk izLrqr djrh gSA
1.
vkidks dksbZ 'kCn izfo"V djus gsrq mlds izR;sd v{kj ls lacaf/kr
la[;kRed dqUth(2 ls 9) dks ,d ckj nckuk gksxkA vkids }kjk
v{kj izfo"V djus ij] LØhu ij iznf'kZr 'kCn Lor% cnyrs tk,axsA
2.
dlZj dh ckbZa vksj dk v{kj gVkus gsrq R nck,aA
3.
bfPNr 'kCn pquus gsrq ekxZn'kZd dqUth dk iz;ksx djsa vkSj mls
izfo"V djus ds fy, , nck,aA
la[;kRed bUkiqV
1.
dqfUt;ksa ls lacaf/kr vad izfo"V djus gsrq la[;kRed dqfUt;k¡ (0
ls 9) nck,aA
2.
dksbZ la[;k gVkus gsrq R nck,aA
fpà fufof’V
1.
fufof’V fof/k dh lwph ns[kus ds fy, # nck,a vkSj bfPNr fpà
dk pquko djus ds fy,
nck,aA
+/-/</>
nck,aA izfo"V djus ds fy, ,
10
ikB~; ;k uEcj izfof"V

4. laidZ
nks miyC/k Qksu cqDl esa ls ,d esa laidZ lgsts tkrs gSa% fle Qksucqd ¼vkids
fle dkMZ esa fLFkr] ftlds dkj.k vkids }kjk jf{kr dh tkus okyh izfof"V;ksa
dh la[;k dkMZ dh {kerk ij fuHkZj djrh gS½ ;k LekVZ Qksucqd ¼vkids Qksu
esa fLFkr] ftlls vki
le;] ;s laidZ dsoy vkids }kjk pquh xbZ Qksucqd esa gh Áfo’V gksaxssA
laidZ izca/ku
Qksucqd dh lwph ls ,d uke pqusa vkSj fuEu fodYiksa rd igq¡pus gsrq
fodYi
nck,a%
cuk,a esjk uacj
dWkih eSeksjh fLFkfr
gVk,a lHkh dkWih
feVk,a vusd&gVk,aa
[kkstsa
fMLiys izdkj
laxzg.k LFkku
300 ukeksa rd lgst ldrs gSa½A u, laidZ Mkyrs
L
lHkh dks feVk,aa
u, laidZ cukuk
1.
fuf"Ø; voLFkk esa
cuk,a
pqusaA jf{kr djus dk LFkku pqusa vkSj L
2.
;fn vki
uacj] ?kj dk uacj] bZ&esy vkSj irk izfo’V djuk gksxkA lHkh lwpuk
izfo’V djus ds i”pkr L
3.
;fn vki
laidZ
esa izos”k djsaA L
fle
pqurs gSa] rks vkidks uke] eksckby uEcj] dk;kZy;
Bhd
Qksu
pqurs gSa] rks fof/k mijksDr ds leku gh gksxhA
nck,aA
fodYi
pqusa
nck,aA
nck,a vkSj
laidZ dkWih djuk
vki vius Qksu ls orZeku ;k lHkh laidZ vius fle dkMZ esa ;k fle dkMZ
ls Qksu esa dkWih dj ldrs gSaA
1.
fuf"Ø; voLFkk esa
;k
lHkh dkWih
2.
fle dks
fodYi
gSaA iqf"V djus gsrq L
3.
LØhu ij iqf"Vdj.k dk ,d izkWEIV iznf”kZr gksxkA dk;Zokgh dh iqf"V
djus ds fy, L
fujLr
laidZ
esa izos”k djsa] L
pqusa vkSj L
;k
Qksu dks
nckuk gksxk vkSj og laidZ
pqusa
pqusaA ;fn vki
fodYi
Bhd
pqusaA
pqusa ;k dk;Zokgh jÌ djus ds fy,
fodYi
nck,aA
dkWih
pqurs gSa rks vkidks L
pqusa
ftls vki dkWih djuk pkgrs
vkSj
Bhd
nck,aA
nck,a vkSj
dkWih
R
laidZ
11