PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux - 10.0.2 User's Guide

PGP WDE for Linux

User's Guide

Version Information

PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux User's Guide. Version 10.0.2. Released April 2010.

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Acknowledgments

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-- The Zip and ZLib compression code, created by Mark Adler and Jean-Loup Gailly, is used with permission from the free Info-ZIP implementation, developed by zlib (http://www.zlib.net the MIT License found at http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html available high-quality data compressor, is copyrighted by Julian Seward, © 1996-2005. -- Application server (http://jakarta.apache.org/ (http://www.apache.org/ developed by the Apache Software Foundation. The license is at www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt framework for moving data from XML to Java programming language objects and from Java to databases, is released by the ExoLab Group under an Apache 2.0-style license, available at http://www.castor.org/license.html Foundation that implements the XSLT XML transformation language and the XPath XML query language, is released under the Apache Software License, version 1.1, available at http://xml.apache.org/xalan-j/#license1.1 Protocol") used for communications between various PGP products is provided under the Apache license found at

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an Apache-style license, available at http://mx4j.sourceforge.net/docs/ch01s06.html Independent JPEG Group. (http://www.ijg.org/ distributed under the MIT License http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html distributed by University of Cambridge. ©1997-2006. The license agreement is at http://www.pcre.org/license.txt and Domain Name System (DNS) protocols developed and copyrighted by Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. (http://www.isc.org implementation of daemon developed by The FreeBSD Project, © 1994-2006. -- Simple Network Management Protocol Library developed and copyrighted by Carnegie Mellon University © 1989, 1991, 1992, Networks Associates Technology, Inc, © 2001- 2003, Cambridge Broadband Ltd. © 2001- 2003, Sun Microsystems, Inc., © 2003, Sparta, Inc, © 2003-2006, Cisco, Inc and Information Network Center of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, © 2004. The license agreement for these is at http://net-snmp.sourceforge.net/about/license.html. -- NTP version 4.2 by Network Time Protocol and copyrighted to various contributors. -- Lightweight Directory Access Protocol developed and copyrighted by OpenLDAP Foundation. OpenLDAP is an open-source implementation of the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP). Copyright © 1999-2003, The OpenLDAP Foundation. The license agreement is at http://www.openldap.org/software/release/license.html OpenBSD project is released by the OpenBSD Project under a BSD-style license, available at http://www.openbsd.org/cgi-

bin/cvsweb/src/usr.bin/ssh/LICENCE?rev=HEAD. -- PC/SC Lite is a free implementation of PC/SC, a specification for SmartCard integration is released

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- JacORB, a Java object used to facilitate communication between processes written in Java and the data layer, is open source licensed under the GNU Library General Public License (LGPL) available at http://www.jacorb.org/lgpl.html open-source implementation of a CORBA Object Request Broker (ORB), and is used for communication between processes written in C/C++ and the data layer. Copyright (c) 1993-2006 by Douglas C. Schmidt and his research group at Washington University, University of California, Irvine, and Vanderbilt University. The open source software license is available at http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/ACE-copying.html downloading files via common network services, is open source software provided under a MIT/X derivate license available at

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under a BSD-style license, available at http://thunk.org/hg/e2fsprogs/?file/fe55db3e508c/lib/uuid/COPYING libpopt, a library that parses command line options, is released under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License available at

http://directory.fsf.org/libs/COPYING.DOC

communicate with the Intel Corporation AMT chipset on a motherboard, is distributed under the gSOAP Public License version 1.3b, available at

), Jakarta Commons (http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/license.html) and log4j, a Java-based library used to parse HTML,

). -- Libxml2, the XML C parser and toolkit developed for the Gnome project and distributed and copyrighted under

), web server

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) -- libxslt the XSLT C library developed for the GNOME project and used for XML transformations is

. -- PCRE Perl regular expression compiler, copyrighted and

. -- BIND Balanced Binary Tree Library

) -- Free BSD

developed

. Secure shell OpenSSH developed by

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. -- PostgreSQL JDBC driver, a free Java program used to connect to a

. -- PostgreSQL Regular Expression Library, a free software object-relational

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. -- libcURL, a library for

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JSON-lib version 2.2.1, a Java library used to convert Java objects to JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) objects for AJAX. Distributed under the Apache

2.0 license, available at http://json-lib.sourceforge.net/license.html at http://ezmorph.sourceforge.net/license.html

http://commons.apache.org/license.html http://commons.apache.org/license.html

configuration file format used on Windows, on other platforms. Distributed under the MIT License found at http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-

data structures and is distributed under the MIT License found at http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html Mike Sharov <msharov@users.sourceforge.net the PGP SDK. Distributed under the BSD license found at http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php. Copyright 2008 reserved.

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. -- rEFIt - libeg, provides a graphical interface library for EFI, including image rendering, text

. -- Yahoo! User Interface (YUI) library version 2.5.2, a Web UI interface library for AJAX.

. -- EZMorph, used by JSON-lib, is distributed under the Apache 2.0 license, available

. -- Apache Commons Lang, used by JSON-lib, is distributed under the Apache 2.0 license, available at

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Contents

Introduction 1

About PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux 1 Important Terms 2 Audience 3 System Requirements 3 Using PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux in a PGP Universal Server-Managed Environment 4

Installing and Uninstalling 5

Installing 5 Uninstalling 6

Licensing 7

Overview 7

--license-authorize 8 Licensing via a Proxy Server 8

Enrolling 11

Overview 11

--enroll 12

--check-enroll 13

The Command-Line Interface 15

Overview 15 Scripting 16 WDE-ADMIN Active Directory Group 16 Passphrases 16

--interactive 17

Before You Encrypt 19

Ensure Disk Health 19 Choose Encryption Options 20 Maintain Power Throughout Encryption 20

The Encryption Process 21

Overview 21 Using --secure 21

PGP WDE for Linux User's Guide Contents

Using Individual Commands 22

The PGP BootGuard Screen 25

Overview 25 Authenticating 26 Authenticating if You Have Forgotten Your Passphrase 27 Choosing a Keyboard 28

Generic Commands 29

--help (-h) 29

--version 30

Disk Information Commands 31

--enum 31

--info 32

--show-config 33

--status 33

Boot Bypass Commands 35

--add-bypass 35

--check-bypass 36

--remove-bypass 37

Disk Operation 39

--decrypt 39

--encrypt 40

--resume 41

--secure 42

--stop 43

Disk Management 45

--auth 45

--instrument 46

--uninstrument 46

User Management Commands 49

--add-user 49

--change-passphrase 50

--change-userdomain 51

--list-user 52

PGP WDE for Linux User's Guide Contents

--remove-user 53

--verify-user 53

PGP BootGuard Customization Commands 55

--set-background 55

--set-language 56

--set-sound 57

--set-start 58

--set-text 59

Recovery Token Commands 61

--new-wdrt 61

Local Self Recovery 63

--recovery-configure 64

--recovery-questions 65

--recovery-verify 66

--recovery-remove 67

--recovery-change-passphrase 67 Authenticating if you Have Forgotten Your Passphrase 68

Options 71

Overview 72 "Secure" Options 74

--admin-authorization 74

--admin-passphrase 74

--all 75

--answers-file 75

--auto-start 75

--beep 75

--dedicated-mode 76

--disk (-d) 76

--display 76

--domain-name 77

--fast-mode 77

--image 77

--interactive 77

--keyboard 78

--keyid 78

--license-email 78

--license-name 79

--license-number 79

--license-organization 79

--message 80

iii

PGP WDE for Linux User's Guide Contents

--new-domain 80

--new-passphrase 80

--no-beep 80

--partition 81

--passphrase (-p) 81

--questions-file 81

--recovery-token 82

--safe-mode 82

--username 82

Quick Reference 83

Commands 83 Options 85

Troubleshooting 87

Overview 87 Encryption Does Not Begin 88 Encryption Does Not Finish 89 Problems at PGP BootGuard 91

Introduction

This guide tells you how to use PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux.

In This Chapter

About PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux............................................. 1

Important Terms ........................................................................................ 2

Audience ....................................................................................................3

System Requirements ............................................................................... 3

Using PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux in a PGP Universal Server-

Managed Environment...............................................................................3

About PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux

Thank you for using PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux, a software product from PGP Corporation that locks down the entire contents of your Linux system using PGP Whole Disk Encryption (WDE) technology.

For more information about PGP WDE, see the:

 PGP Desktop User's Guide  PGP WDE Quick Start Guide  PGP WDE Data Sheet (available via the PGP WDE page on the PGP

Corporation website)

PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux gives you access to PGP WDE functionality using a command-line interface.

The encryption algorithm used by PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux is AES-

256. The hashing algorithm is SHA-1. You cannot change these.

Warning: Once you unlock a disk, its files are available to you—as well as

anyone else who can physically use your system. Your files are unlocked until you lock them again by shutting down your system.

PGP WDE for Linux User's Guide Introduction

Important Terms

Understanding the following terms will help make it easier to use PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux:

 PGP Whole Disk Encryption (PGP WDE): a technology that encrypts the

entire contents of a disk; boot disks, partitions, and non-boot disks such as USB thumb drives can all be whole disk encrypted.

 PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux: a software product from PGP

Corporation that brings PGP WDE technology to the Linux platform, allowing you to lock down the entire contents of your Linux system.

 command line: the interface to PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux

functionality. All PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux commands and options are accessed via the command-line interface.

 passphrase user: a user who can authenticate to an encrypted disk using a

passphrase.

 public-key user: a user who can authenticate to an encrypted disk using

the passphrase to the corresponding private key.

 encrypt: the process of "scrambling" data so that it is not usable unless you

properly authenticate.

 decrypt: the process of "unscrambling" encrypted data.  master boot record (MBR): software on a disk that is "in front" of the

partition table; that is, it is implemented during the startup process before the operating system itself. The instructions in the MBR tells the system how to boot.

 instrument: a part of the process of whole disk encrypting a disk/partition

where the Linux MBR is replaced with the PGPMBR.

 PGPMBR: an MBR from PGP Corporation that implements the PGP

BootGuard. Once a disk is instrumented, even if it is not fully encrypted, subsequent startups will bring up PGP BootGuard.

 PGP BootGuard: the screen that appears after instrumenting a disk that

requires proper authentication for the boot process to continue. If proper authentication is not provided, the boot process will not continue; the operating system will not load and the system will not be usable.

 uninstrument: removing the PGPMBR and replacing it with the original

Linux MBR (which was saved when the disk was instrumented).

 whole disk recovery token (WDRT): an additional passphrase for a whole

disk encrypted disk that is passed to the appropriate PGP Universal Server if the disk is part of a PGP Universal-managed environment.

 PGP Universal Server: a management console for securing data from PGP

Corporation.

PGP WDE for Linux User's Guide Introduction

 managed user: someone using PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux in a

PGP Universal Server-managed environment. Managed users receive policies and settings from their PGP Universal Server.

 enroll: the process of a user in a PGP Universal Server-managed

environment contacting their PGP Universal Server so that they can receive applicable policies and settings.

 standalone user: someone using PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux

with no associated PGP Universal Server. Standalone users establish their own policies and settings.

 recovery: the process of restoring access to a disk/partition that has been

whole disk encrypted but now cannot be decrypted.

Audience

This User's Guide is for anyone who is going to be using PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux to perform PGP WDE functions on their Linux system.

System Requirements

The system requirements for PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux are:

 Ubuntu 8.04 and 9.04 (32-bit versions) and Red Hat Enterprise

Linux/CentOS 5.2 and 5.3 (32-bit versions), Ubuntu 8.04 and 9.04 (64-bit versions), Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.2 and 5.3 (64-bit versions)

Note: CentOS is free, open source software based on Red Hat Enterprise

Linux. For the purposes of supporting PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux, the two are functionally equivalent.

 512 MB of RAM  64 MB hard disk space

PGP WDE for Linux User's Guide Introduction

Using PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux in a PGP Universal Server-Managed Environment

If you are using PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux in a PGP Universal Servermanaged environment, your PGP Universal administrator may have enabled or disabled certain features. For example, you may be required to encrypt your drive immediately after enrolling with your PGP Universal Server.

If you have any questions about features that may be have been automatically enabled or disabled, contact your PGP Universal administrator.

Installing

Installing and Uninstalling

This section describes how to install and uninstall PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux.

In This Chapter

Installing.....................................................................................................5

Uninstalling ................................................................................................6

The PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux installer is a bsx (Bash Self-eXtracting) file.

You must have root privileges to install.

Note: The installer file may have a slightly different filename than shown in

the procedure below depending on the platform you are installing onto.

 To install PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux

1 Download the installer file, called

pgp_desktop_10.0.1_linux_ub9.04_i386.bsx for Ubuntu 9.04, to a known location on your system.

2 Begin the installation process using either of the following methods:

a Make the file an executable (using chmod +x [filename]),

then use ./[filename] Enter to begin the installation.

b Begin the installation via a shell: bash [filename] Enter

3 Follow the on-screen instructions. 4 Reboot your system when the installation is complete.

PGP WDE for Linux User's Guide Installing and Uninstalling

Uninstalling

Use the built-in uninstaller for the version of Linux you are using to uninstall PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux. You must have root privileges to uninstall.

Warning: You must decrypt any whole disk encrypted drives before

uninstalling PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux or removing any packages.

The packages that are installed are: pgp-libs, pgpwde, pgp-release, and kmodpgpwde.

Licensing

This section describes how to license PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux.

You must license PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux if you are using it standalone; that is, you are not in a PGP Universal Server-managed environment.

You do not need to enroll PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux if you are using it standalone; that is only required for PGP Universal Server-managed environments.

Note: As PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux will not operate normally until

licensed, you should license it immediately after installation.

Overview

In This Chapter

Overview.................................................................................................... 7

--license-authorize ...................................................................................... 8

Licensing via a Proxy Server ...................................................................... 8

PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux requires a valid license to operate. This section describes how to license your copy of PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux.

PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux supports the following licensing scenarios:

 Using a License Number. This is the normal method to license PGP Whole

Disk Encryption for Linux. You must have your license information and a working connection to the Internet.

 Through a Proxy Server. If you connect to the Internet through a proxy

server, use this method to license PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux. You must have your license information and the appropriate proxy server information.

The licensing command is --license-authorize.

Once PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux is correctly installed and licensed on your system, you can encrypt your drive. See The Encryption Process for complete information.

PGP WDE for Linux User's Guide Licensing

--license-authorize

Use --license-authorize to license PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux.

The usage format is:

pgpwde --license-authorize --license-name <name>

--license-number <number> [--license-email <emailaddress>] [--license-organization <org>]

Where:

 --license-authorize is the command to license PGP Whole Disk

Encryption for Linux.

 --license-name is the option to specify the user.

<name> is your name or a descriptive name.

 --license-number is the option to enter a license number.

<number> is a valid license number for PGP Whole Disk Encryption for

Linux.

 --license-email is the option to enter an email address.

<emailaddress> is a valid email address.

 --license-organization is the option to enter an organization.

<org> is the name of your organization.

If you decide not to enter a license email, you may see a warning message but your license will authorize.

Example:

pgpwde --license-authorize --license-name "Alice Cameron"

--license-number "aaaaa-bbbbb-ccccc-ddddd-eeeee-fff"

--license-email "acameron@example.com

--license-organization "Example Corporation"

(When entering this text, it all goes on a single line.)

Licensing via a Proxy Server

If the Internet access of the system hosting PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux is via an HTTP proxy connection, you can still license your copy of PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux directly; you simply need to add the necessary proxy information.

Use --license-authorize to license PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux via a proxy server.

PGP WDE for Linux User's Guide Licensing

The usage format is:

pgpwde --license-authorize --license-name <name>

--license-number <number> [--license-email <emailaddress>] [--license-organization <org>] [--proxyserver <proxyserver>] [--proxy-username <proxyusername>] [--proxy-passphrase <proxypass>]

Where:

 --license-authorize is the command to license PGP Whole Disk

Encryption for Linux.

 --license-name is the option to specify the user.

<name> is your name or a descriptive name.

 --license-number is the option to enter a license number.

<number> is a valid license number for PGP Whole Disk Encryption for

Linux.

 --license-email is the option to enter an email address.

<emailaddress> is a valid email address.

 --license-organization is the option to enter an organization.

<org> is the name of your organization.

 --proxy-server is the command to go through a proxy server to access

the Internet.

<proxyserver> is the appropriate proxy server.

 --proxy-username is the command to specify a user on the proxy server

when authentication is required.

<proxyusername> is a valid username on the specified proxy server.

 --proxy-passphrase is the option to specify the passphrase of the

specified user when authentication is required.

<proxypass> is the passphrase for the specified user on the proxy server.

Example:

pgpwde --license-authorize --license-name "Alice Cameron"

--license-number "aaaaa-bbbbb-ccccc-ddddd-eeeee-fff"

--license-email "acameron@example.com

--license-organization "Example Corporation"

--proxy-server "proxyserver.example.com"

--proxy-username "acameron"

--proxy-passphrase 'a_cameron1492sailedblue'

(When entering this text, it all goes on a single line.)

Enrolling

This section describes how to enroll PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux.

You must enroll PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux if you are using it in a PGP Universal Server-managed environment.

You do not need to license PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux in a PGP Universal Server-managed environment, as the license is included in the installer.

Note: As PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux will not operate normally until you enroll, you should enroll immediately after installation.

In This Chapter

Overview

Overview.................................................................................................. 11

--enroll ......................................................................................................12

--check-enroll............................................................................................ 13

You must enroll with a PGP Universal Server before you can use any PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux features in a PGP Universal Server-managed environment.

When enrollment is complete, PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux will receive policies and settings from its PGP Universal Server. It will also send information to the PGP Universal Server that can be seen by the PGP Universal administrator.

Note: You must initiate enrollment on your own. You will not be prompted to

do so.

Enrollment uses LDAP credentials. The username and passphrase required for both enrolling and checking enrollment status are the username and passphrase of the user on the LDAP server.

If enrollment is unsuccessful, contact your PGP Universal administrator for assistance.

PGP WDE for Linux User's Guide Enrolling

You can check the enrollment status of a client using the --check-enroll command. When successful, this command will note that the client is enrolled and will download the latest policies and settings. If unsuccessful, this means that the client must enroll again because of a change of policies or settings on the PGP Universal Server.

Once PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux is correctly installed on your system and you have enrolled, you can encrypt your drive. Refer to The Encryption Process for complete information.

--enroll

Use --enroll to enroll PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux.

Entering a username and passphrase on the command line are optional. If you do not enter them, you will be prompted for them.

Note: --enroll is preceded by pgpenroll instead of the usual pgpwde.

The usage format is:

pgpenroll --enroll [--username <user>] [--passphrase <phrase>]

Where:

 --enroll is the command to enroll with a PGP Universal Server.  --username specifies a username for an operation (optional).

<user> is the username (on the LDAP server) of the user being enrolled.

 --passphrase specifies the passphrase for an operation (optional).

<phrase> is the passphrase (on the LDAP server) of the user being

enrolled.

Examples:

 pgpenroll --enroll --username "Alice Cameron"

--passphrase 'Frodo@Baggins22'

This example shows user Alice Cameron enrolling PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux. The username and passphrase she is using are her credentials on her organization's LDAP server.

 pgpenroll --enroll

This example shows a user enrolling PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux. Because the username and passphrase are not supplied on the command line, the enrolling user will be prompted for them.

PGP WDE for Linux User's Guide Enrolling

--check-enroll

Use --check-enroll to check the enrollment status of a client.

Note: --check-enroll is preceded by pgpenroll instead of the usual

pgpwde.

If the enrollment check fails, contact your PGP Universal administrator for instructions.

The usage format is:

pgpenroll --check-enroll [--username <user>] [--passphrase <phrase>]

Where:

 --enroll is the command to check the enrollment status of a client.  --username specifies a username (on the LDAP server) for an operation.

<user> is the username of the user whose enrollment status is being checked.

 --passphrase specifies the passphrase for an operation.

<phrase> is the passphrase (on the LDAP server) of the user whose

enrollment status is being checked.

Example:

pgpenroll --check-enroll --username "Alice Cameron"

--passphrase 'Frodo@Baggins22'

This example shows the enrollment status of Alice Cameron being checked.

The Command-Line

Overview

Interface

This section describes the command-line interface used by PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux .

In This Chapter

Overview.................................................................................................. 15

Scripting ...................................................................................................16

WDE-ADMIN Active Directory Group ......................................................16

Passphrases............................................................................................. 16

--interactive ..............................................................................................17

PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux uses a command-line interface.

Note: Versions of PGP Whole Disk Encryption for other platforms support

both a graphical user interface and a command line interface. PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux has only a command-line interface.

You enter a valid command at the command prompt and press Enter. PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux responds based on what you entered: with success (if you entered a valid command) or with an error message (if you entered an invalid or incorrectly structured command).

All PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux commands have a long form: the text "pgpwde", a space, two hyphens "--", the command name, and options (if appropriate).

For example:

$pgpwde --help [Enter]

is the command to display the built-in help information. It has no options.

(The command prompt, $ in the above example, and [Enter] will no longer be shown in examples; only the necessary commands and options will be shown.)

A few commands also have a short form: either one hyphen and then a single letter or two hyphens and two letters.

PGP WDE for Linux User's Guide The Command-Line Interface

For example:

-h for help instead of --help

--aa for administrative authorization instead of --adminauthorization

You can mix long forms and short forms in a single command.

Scripting

Short forms are noted where appropriate.

PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux commands can easily be inserted into scripts for automating common tasks, such as encrypting a disk or getting information about an encrypted disk.

PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux commands can easily be added to scripts written with scripting languages such as Perl or Python.

WDE-ADMIN Active Directory Group

If you are an administrator of PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux clients in a PGP Universal environment and using Active Directory, you can create a special Active Directory group to allow you to run commands on your managed PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux clients without knowing the passphrase of a user on the encrypted disk.

This special Active Directory group, which must be called WDE-ADMIN, must be a security group, not a distribution group.

Passphrases

Using the --admin-authorization option is useful for running administrative tasks in an enterprise.

Refer to the PGP Universal Administrator's Guide for more information about creating and using the WDE-ADMIN Active Directory group.

For consistency, all example passphrases in this guide are shown in single quotation marks ('). Putting passphrases between single quotation marks ensures that reserved characters and spaces are interpreted correctly.

If you do not use any reserved characters or spaces in your passphrases, then you do not have to enclose them in single quotation marks.

PGP WDE for Linux User's Guide The Command-Line Interface

On Windows systems, for example, if you have a space in a passphrase, you must enclose the passphrase in single or double quotation marks when you enter it. Also, double quotation marks (") as part of the passphrase must be escaped with a preceding double quotation mark.

For example, if you want to use

Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson

as your passphrase, you would have to enter it as

'Thomas ""Stonewall"" Jackson'

on the command line. You need the quotation marks at the beginning and end for the spaces and you need to escape each double quotation mark used in the passphrase with another double quotation mark.

Note: If you are having problems entering certain characters in your

passphrases, check the information about how to handle reserved characters for the operating system or shell interpreter you are using.

--interactive

You can use --interactive whenever you could use a command that requires a passphrase be entered on the command line. If you do, you will be prompted to enter a valid passphrase on a separate line.

Using --interactive makes using PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux more secure by preventing passphrases from being entered in the clear on the command line. When you use --interactive, the characters you enter are not displayed.

Note: --interactive is also used in a different way when configuring local

self recovery. See Local Self Recovery for more information.

Before You Encrypt

When you encrypt an entire disk using PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux, every sector is encrypted using a symmetric key. This includes all files including operating system files, application files, data files, swap files, free space, and temp files.

On subsequent reboots, PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux prompts you for the correct passphrase. As long as you correctly authenticate to your PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux-encrypted disk (after you enter the correct passphrase at the PGP BootGuard screen), your files are available. When you shut down your system, the disk is protected against use by others.

Before encrypting your disk with PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux, there are some important things to do:

 Ensure the health of the hard disk.  Choose the encryption options to use.  Make sure to maintain power throughout encryption.

In This Chapter

Ensure Disk Health ..................................................................................19

Choose Encryption Options .....................................................................20

Maintain Power Throughout Encryption .................................................. 20

Ensure Disk Health

PGP Corporation deliberately takes a conservative stance when encrypting drives, to prevent loss of data. It is not uncommon to encounter Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) errors while encrypting a hard disk.

If PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux encounters a hard drive or partition with bad sectors, it will, by default, pause the encryption process. This pause allows you to remedy the problem before continuing with the encryption process, thus avoiding potential disk corruption and lost data.

To avoid disruption during encryption, PGP Corporation recommends that you start with a healthy disk by correcting any disk errors prior to encrypting.

As best practices, before you attempt to encrypt your drive:

PGP WDE for Linux User's Guide Before You Encrypt

 use a third-party scan disk utility that has the ability to perform a low-level

integrity check and repair any inconsistencies with the drive that could lead to CRC errors.

Choose Encryption Options

There are several options you can use during the encryption process itself:

 --dedicated-mode: Uses maximum computer power to encrypt faster;

your system is less responsive during encryption.

 --fast-mode: Skips unused sectors, so encryption of the disk is faster.  --safe-mode: Allows encryption to be resumed without loss of data if

power is lost during encryption; encryption takes longer.

Maintain Power Throughout Encryption

Because encryption is a CPU-intensive process, encryption cannot begin on a laptop computer that is running on battery power. The computer must be on AC power. Do not remove the power cord from the system before the encryption process is over.

Regardless of the type of computer you are working with, your system must not lose power, or otherwise shut down unexpectedly, during the encryption process, unless you use the --safe-mode option. Even if you are using the -safe-mode option, it is still better not to lose power during the encryption process.

If loss of power during encryption is a possibility—or if you do not have an uninterruptible power supply for your computer—be sure to use the --safe- mode option.

These options are also described with the --encrypt command.

The Encryption Process

This section describes the two methods for whole disk encrypting a drive.

In This Chapter

Overview.................................................................................................. 21

Using --secure ..........................................................................................21

Using Individual Commands ....................................................................22

Overview

Using --secure

To PGP Whole Disk Encrypt a drive requires several things: the drive must be instrumented, there must be at least one authorized user on the drive, and the drive must be encrypted.

There are two ways to PGP Whole Disk Encrypt a drive:

 using a single command, --secure: this one command does all three of

the above actions. It instruments the drive, creates an authorized user, and encrypts the drive. This command is most useful when you have just installed PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux and thus have not instrumented any drives, created any authorized users, or encrypted any drives.

 using multiple commands: for scenarios where you do not need all three

things required to PGP Whole Disk Encrypt at drive, or if you just prefer using individual commands, you can use --instrument, --add-user, and finally --encrypt to PGP Whole Disk Encrypt a drive.

The --secure command instruments the drive, creates an authorized user, and encrypts the drive, all using a single command.

Note: PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux must be correctly installed and

licensed before you can use --secure.

Refer to Disk Operation for more information about the --secure command.

PGP WDE for Linux User's Guide The Encryption Process

 To PGP Whole Disk Encrypt a drive using a single command

1 Access a command prompt on your system. 2 Enter the text for the --secure command on a single line.

For example:

pgpwde --secure --disk 0 --username "Alice Cameron" -passphrase 'Frodo*1*Baggins22' --all --fast-mode

3 Press Enter. PGP Whole Disk Encryption for Linux begins to PGP Whole

Disk Encrypt the drive.

You can check the progress of the encryption process using the --status command. Run the command and check the highwater mark; it will continue to get larger as the encryption process continues.

Using Individual Commands

For scenarios where you do not need to instrument a drive, add a user, and encrypt the drive all at the same time or if you just prefer using individual commands, you can run the three needed commands individually.

The three commands and the order in which you need to run them are:

 --instrument: replaces the Linux MBR with the PGPMBR.  --add-user: adds an authorized user to the drive.  --encrypt: encrypts the drive.

 To PGP Whole Disk Encrypt a drive using individual commands

1 Access a command prompt on your system. 2 Enter the text for the --instrument command on a single line, then press

Enter.

For example:

pgpwde --instrument --disk 0

This example instruments the boot drive. You can use the --status command to make sure the drive was instrumented.

3 Enter the text for the --add-user command on a single line, then press

Enter.

For example:

pgpwde --add-user --disk 0 --username "Alice Cameron" -passphrase 'Frodo@Baggins22'

This example adds a user named Alice Cameron to the boot drive. You can use the --verify-user command to make sure the user was created.

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