PeakTech 4065 Operation Manual

PeakT

ech

4065

Operation manual

DDS Arbitrary

Waveform Generator

®

1. Safety Precautions

This product complies with the requirements of the following European Community Directives: 2004/108/EG
(Electromagnetic Compatibility) and 2006/95/EG (Low Voltage) as amended by 2004/22/EC (CE-Marking).
Overvoltage category II; pollution degree 2.

To ensure safe operation of the equipment and eliminate the danger of serious injury due to short-circuits
(arcing), the following safety precautions must be observed.

Damages resulting from failure to observe these safety precautions are exempt from any legal claims
whatever.

* The instrument must be set up so that the power plug can be removed from the socket easily.
* Prior to connection of the equipment to the mains outlet, check that the available mains voltage

corresponds to the voltage setting of the equipment.
* Connect the mains plug of the equipment only to a mains outlet with earth connection.
* Do not place the equipment on damp or wet surfaces.
* Do not cover the ventilation slots of the cabinet to ensure that the air is able to circulate freely inside.
* Do not insert metal objects into the equipment by way of the ventilation slots.
* Do not place water filled containers on the equipment (danger of short-circuit in case of knock over of the

container).
* Do not exceed the maximum permissible input ratings (danger of serious injury and/or destruction of the

equipment).
* To avoid electric shock, disconnect power to the unit under test and discharge all capacitors before taking

any resistance measurements.
* Check test leads and probes for faulty insulation or bare wires before connection to the equipment.
* To avoid electric shock, do not operate this product in wet or damp conditions. Conduct measuring works

only in dry clothing and rubber shoes, i. e. on isolating mats.
* Comply with the warning labels and other info on the equipment.
* The measurement instrument is not to be to operated unattended.
* Do not subject the equipment to direct sunlight or extreme temperatures, humidity or dampness.
* Do not subject the equipment to shocks or strong vibrations.
* Do not operate the equipment near strong magnetic fields (motors, transformers etc.)
* Keep hot soldering irons or guns away from the equipment.
* Allow the equipment to stabilize at room temperature before taking up measurement (important for exact

measurements).
* Do not input values over the maximum range of each measurement to avoid damages of the meter.
* Use caution when working with voltages above 35V DC or 25V AC. These Voltages pose shock hazard.
* Periodically wipe the cabinet with a damp cloth and mid detergent. Do not use abrasives or solvents.
* The meter is suitable for indoor use only
* Do not operate the meter before the cabinet has been closed and screwed safely as terminal can carry

voltage.
* Do not store the meter in a place of explosive, inflammable substances.
* Do not modify the equipment in any way
* Do not place the equipment face-down on any table or work bench to prevent damaging the controls at

the front.
* Opening the equipment and service – and repair work must only be performed by qualified service

personnel
* -Measuring instruments don’t belong to children hands-

-1-

2. Introduction of PeakTech® 4065 Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator

With Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) technology, the PeakTech® 4065 Function/Arbitrary Waveform
Generator is of the high performance indexes and rich function characteristics which are necessary for the
fast completion of measuring. The clear and bright VFD fluorescent display interface is convenient for the
users to operate and observe.

The generator has the following advanced specifications and powerful function characteristics:

* Two-channel output: two independent output channels, CHA and CHB, the

characteristics of the two are the same

* Sync output: output sync signal
* Frequency characteristics: frequency accuracy 20 ppm, 6 digits, resolution 1µHz

* Amplitude offset characteristics: amplitude and offset accuracy 1％, 5 digits, resolution 0.1mV
* Unlimited measurement range: without limitation for the whole range, digital setting directly

* Non-intergraded process: up to the stable value immediately when switching, continuous

signal phase and amplitude without deflection

* High waveform accuracy: the output waveform is synthesized by the computation value of

functions with higher waveform accuracy and less distortion

* Square and Ramp: set accurate square duty cycle and Ramp symmetry
* Pulse: set accurate pulse width
* Arbitrary: 11 internal fixed waveforms and 5 user-defined waveforms
* Phase characteristics: set phase difference of CHA and CHB
* Modulation characteristics: output FM, AM, PM, PWM, FSK signal
* Frequency sweeping: be of the function of output linearity or logarithm frequency

sweeping signal, start point and stop point can be set arbitrarily

* Burst characteristics: output burst signal of which the number has been set.
* External trigger: external trigger is available under frequency sweeping, FSK

modulation and burst function.

* Frequency measurement: be of the function of frequency measurement function.
* Computation function: frequency or period, amplitude virtual value or peak-peak value

can be selected.

* Operation mode: keyboard operation, fluorescent display screen, direct digital

setting or continuous adjusting by knobs.

* High reliability: large scale integrated circuit, surface-mount technology, high

reliability and long service life

* Programmable interface: equipped with USB device interface, with which the generator

could be program-control and download waveforms

* Programmable interface: equipped with USB host interface, with which the parameter setting

and user-defined waveforms could be stored to a U disk

3. Chapter 1 Getting started

The front and rear panels, operations and functions of the PeakTech® 4065 function generator are described
in this chapter so as to help users to master the basic operation as quickly as possible. The main contents of
this chapter are as follows:

3.1. Prepare the generator for use

3.1.1. Check the generator and the accessories

Check the completeness of the generator and its accessories based on the package list. If the packing box is
damaged badly, please keep it till the generator passes the performance test.

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3.1.2. Connect to power supply

Boot the generator only under the following conditions.

Voltage: AC 100 ~ 240 V
Frequency: 45 ~ 65 Hz
Power consumption: < 30 V A
Temperature: 0 ~ 40°C
Humidity: < 80 %

Plug the attaching plug into an AC 100 ~ 240 V outlet with grounding conductor, press the mains switch on
the panel in to turn on the generator. The generator now is initializing itself and obtaining the default
parameters, outputting sine waveform under continuous working state, with frequency and amplitude of the
signal displayed.

Warning!
In order to ensure the security of the operator, use triple- core socket outlet with grounding conductor.

3.2. Front panel

7. 8.

9.

1. 2. 3.

4.

5.

6.

1. Power switch

2. Function keys

3. CHA output

4. CHB output

5. SYNC output

6. Arrow keys

7. Display screen

8. Number keys

9. Adjusting knob

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3.3. Rear panel

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6. 7.

1. Modulation in

2. Trig in

3. Count in

4. Fan

5. Power socket

6. USB Device

7. USB Host

3.4 Display introduction

The display screen display two groups of digits, the group on the left with 6 digits shows frequency, period
and attenuation and so on of the signals. And the 5 digits on the right show amplitude, offset, duty cycle and
so on of the signals. There are also letter and letter indicator lights on the display screen, to indicate present
waveform signal, parameter options and also units of parameters.

3.5 Keyboard introduction

There are totally 28 keys on the front panel (see front panel picture), the functions of which respectively are:

【0】【1】【2】【3】【4】【5】

【6】【7】【8】【9】keys: Digits inputting key.

【.】key: Point inputting key.

【-】key: Minus inputting key, press this key to input minus under offset and

waveform edition option. Press this key to enable or disable the key­tone circularly under other options.

【＜】key: Move the cursor left; delete the input when inputting digits.

【＞】key: Move the cursor right.

【Freq/Period】 select frequency and period circularly; disable calibration process when

calibrating.

【Ampl/Offset】keys: select amplitude and offset circularly.

【Width/Duty】key: select pulse width, duty cycle of square or symmetry of Ramp circularly.

【FM】【AM】【PM】【PWM】

【FSK】【Sweep】【Burst】keys: press them to select respectively frequency modulation, amplitude

modulation, phase modulation, pulse width modulation, frequency shift
keying, frequency sweeping and burst functions, press again to return
back to continuous function.

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【Count/Edit】key: press this key to select waveform edition function when CHA output

user-defined waveforms, and select frequency measurement function
under other functions, press again to return back to continuous function.

【Menu】key: key for menu, select different options circularly under different

functions(see below function option list).

【Shift/Local】key: select shift, or press this key to resume keyboard function under

program control state.

【Output】key: open and close output signal circularly.

【Sine】【Square】【Ramp】

【Pulse】keys: shift keys, select respectively sinewave, square, Ramp and pulse four

common waveforms fast.

【Waveform】key: shift key, select respectively 16 kinds of waveforms with the waveform

sequence numbers.

【CHA/CHB】key: shift key, select CHA and CHB as output channel circularly.

【Trig】key: shift key, manual trigger under frequency sweeping and burst functions

【Cal】key: shift key, select parameter calibration function.

Unit key: The five keys with unit characters above them on the left bottom of the

instrument are not shift keys, but double-function keys, press these
keys directly to execute the functions marked on themselves; when
inputting digits with numeric keys, press these five keys to select the
unit of the inputting and end the digits inputting at the same time.

Options list of menu
Menu Option
CHA continuous Amplitude attenuation, output mode, state and waveform storage, state recall
CHB continuous Amplitude attenuation, output mode, AB phase difference, version number

FM

AM

PM

PWM

Frequency deviation, modulation frequency, modulation waveform, modulation
source
Modulation amplitude depth, modulation frequency, modulation waveform,
modulation source
Phase deviation, modulation frequency, modulation waveform, modulation
source
Pulse width deviation, modulation frequency, modulation waveform, modulation

source
FSK Hop frequency, hop rate, trigger source
Frequency sweeping Start frequency, end frequency, sweep time, sweep mode, trigger source
Burst Repeated period, pulse count, start phase, trigger source
Waveform edition Edition point number, horizontal phase, vertical voltage
Frequency measurement Gate time
Calibration Calibration value: zero, offset, amplitude, frequency, flatness

3.6. Basic operation

Below are some samples to describe the basic operation of the generator, for more complex usage and
problems, please refer to the details in chapter 3.

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3.6.1. CHA continuous function

* CHA continuous function: CHA outputs stable and continuous signal with continuous.
Press【Shift】【CHA/CHB】key, select “CHA” option, and set CHA parameters.

* Frequency setting: set frequency value as 3.5kHz
Press【Freq】key and select “Hz” unit, press【3】【.】【5】【kHz】.

* Frequency adjusting: Press【＜】or【＞】key to move the cursor, switch the adjusting knob left or right

to decrease or increase the digit on the cursor position, borrowing from or carrying to the former digit
continuously. Move the cursor left to do rough adjusting, and right to do fine adjusting. The adjusting knob
is applicable for adjusting digits of other options too, which will not be described any more.

* Period setting: set the period as 2.5ms
Press【Period】key and select “s” unit, press【2】【.】【5】【ms】.

* Amplitude setting: set amplitude value as 1.5Vpp
Press【Ampl】key and select “Vpp” unit, press【1】【.】【5】【Vpp】.

* Attenuation setting: set attenuation as 0dB
Press【Menu】key and select “Atten” option, press【0】【dB】.

* Offset setting: set DC offset as -1Vdc
Press【Offset】key and select “V DC” unit, press【-】【1】【V DC】.

* Common waveform selection: select square
Press【Shift】【Square】.

* Duty cycle setting: set square duty cycle as 20％

Press【Duty】key, press【2】【0】【％】.
* Other waveform selection: select exponent waveform sequence number 5, see waveform sequence

number table)

Press【Shift】【Waveform】key, press【5】【#】.
* Output mode selection: the phase of output signal is the opposite of the one of sync signal

Press【Menu】key, select “Mode” option and press 【1】【#】.

3.6.2. CHB continuous

* CHB continuous: CHB outputs stable and continuous signal with continuous.
Press【Shift】【CHA/CHB】key, select “CHB” option and set CHB parameters.

* AB phase difference setting: set the phase difference of CHA and CHB as 90°
Press【Menu】key, select “Phase” option and press【9】【0】【°】.

* Other parameter setting of CHB is the same as the one of CHA.

3.6.3. Frequency modulation function

* Frequency modulation function: set the CHA continuous as 20 kHz first.
Press【FM】key to output frequency modulation signal.

* Modulation frequency setting: set modulation frequency as 10Hz
Press【Menu】key, select “Mod_f” option and press【1】【0】【Hz】.

* Frequency deviation setting: set frequency deviation as 2kHz
Press【Menu】key, select “Devia” option and press 【2】【kHz】.

* Modulation waveform setting: set the modulation waveform as Ramp
Press【Menu】key, select “Shape” option and press【2】【#】.

* Modulation source setting: set external modulation source
Press【Menu】key, select “Source” option and press【1】【#】.

* Return back to continuous function: Under frequency modulation, press 【FM】key to return back to

continuous function.

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3.6.4. Amplitude modulation function

* Press【AM】key to output amplitude modulation signal.
* Modulation frequency setting: set modulation frequency as 1 kHz

* Press【Menu】key, select “Mod_f” option and press【1】【kHz】.

* Modulation amplitude depth setting: set modulation amplitude depth as 50％

* Press【Menu】key, select “Depth” option and press【5】【0】【％】.
* Modulation waveform setting: set modulation waveform as sinewave

* Press【Menu】key, select “Shape” option and press【0】【#】.
* Modulation source setting: set internal modulation source

* Press【Menu】key, select “Source” option and press【0】【#】.

* Return back to continuous function: Under amplitude modulation, press【AM】key to return back to

continuous function.

3.6.5. Phase modulation function

* Phase modulation function: Press【PM】key to output phase modulation signal.
* Modulation frequency setting: set modulation frequency as 10 kHz
Press【Menu】key, select “Mod_f” option and press【1】【0】【kHz】.
* Phase deviation setting: set phase deviation as 180°
Press【Menu】key, select “Devia” option and press【1】【8】【0】【°】.
* Modulation waveform setting: set modulation waveform as square
Press【Menu】key, select “Shape” option and press【1】【#】.
* Modulation source setting: set external modulation source
Press【Menu】key, select “Source” option and press【1】【#】.

* Return back to continuous function: Under phase modulation, press 【PM 】 key to return back to

continuous function.

3.6.6. Pulse width modulation function

* width modulation function: Press【PWM】key to output pulse width modulation signal.
* Modulation frequency setting: set modulation frequency as 1Hz

Press【Menu】key, select “Mod_f” option and press【1】【Hz】.
* Pulse width deviation setting: set pulse width deviation as 80 %

Press【Menu】key, select “Devia” option and press【8】【0】【%】.
* Modulation waveform setting: set modulation waveform as sinewave

Press【Menu】key, select “Shape” option and press【0】【#】.
* Modulation source setting: set internal modulation source

Press【Menu】key, select “Source” option and press【0】【#】.

* Return back to continuous function: Under pulse width modulation, press【PWM】key to return back to

continuous function.

3.6.7. Frequency shift keying function

* Frequency shift keying function: set waveform as sinewave
Press【FSK】key to output frequency shift keying signal.

* Hop rate setting: set hop rate as 1 kHz
Press【Menu】key, select “Rate” option and press【1】【kHz】.

* Hop frequency setting: set hop frequency as 2 kHz
Press【Menu】key, select “Hop_f” option and press【2】【kHz】.

* Trigger source setting: set internal trigger source
Press【Menu】key, select “Source” option and press【0】【#】.

* Return back to continuous function: Under frequency shift keying function, press【FSK】key to return

back to continuous function.

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3.6.8. Frequency sweeping function

* Frequency sweeping function: Press【Sweep】key to output frequency sweeping signal.
* Start frequency setting: set the start frequency as 5 kHz

Press【Menu】key, select “Start” frequency and press【5】【kHz】.
* End frequency setting: set end frequency as 20 Hz

Press【Menu】key, select “Stop” and press【2】【0】【Hz】.
* Sweeping time setting: set sweeping time as 5 s

Press【Menu】key, select “Time” option and press【5】【s】.
* Sweeping mode setting: set logarithm sweeping mode

Press【Menu】key, select “Mode” option and press【1】【#】.
* Trigger source setting: set external trigger source

Press【Menu】key, select “Source” option and press【1】【#】.
* Single trigger setting: trigger sweeping once

Press【Shift】【Trig】keys to trigger sweeping once.

* Return back to continuous function: Under frequency sweeping, press【Sweep】key to return back to

continuous function.

3.6.9. Burst function

* Burst function: set continuous as 1 kHz
Press【Burst】key to output burst signal.

* Repeated period setting: set repeated period as 5ms
Press【Menu】key, select “Period” option and press【5】【ms】.

* Pulse count setting: set pulse count as 1
Press【Menu】key, select “Ncyc” option and press【1】【#】.

* Start phase setting: set start phase as 180°
Press【Menu】key, select “Phase” option and press【1】【8】【0】【°】.

* Trigger source setting: set internal trigger source
Press【Menu】key, select “Source” option and press【0】【#】.

* Return back to continuous function: Under burst function, press【Burst】to return back to continuous

function.

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4. Chapter 2 Principle introduction

amplification

20dB+40dB

protection

FLASH

interface

USB

This chapter describes the basic concept of signal shaping and internal operation of the generator, to help
users to learn more about the performance and specifications then operate the generator more smoothly.

4.1. Principle diagram of generator

4.2. DDS working principle

To generate a voltage signal, traditional analog function generator adopt electronic components to consist
oscillator by many different means, the signals generated are of poor frequency accuracy and stability, low
resolution, inconvenient to set frequency and programmed with computer, but request complex techniques.
Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) technology is an up-to-date technique to generates signals, it need no
oscillator but digital synthesis technique to generate series of data-current which convert to analog signals
through digital-analog converter.

To generate a sine signal, for example, the function of Y＝SinX should be digitally quantized first, and then
taking x as the address and y as the quantized data to store them into waveform memorizer. DDS uses

phase adding technique to control the address of waveform memorizer. Add a phase increment on the
present result of phase accumulator in each sampling clock period so as to change the output frequency
value by change phase increment. According to the address from the phase accumulator, take the quantized
data out from the wave memorizer and then convert it into analog voltage via digit-analog converter and
operation amplifier. Since the waveform data are discontinuous sampling, stair sine waveform is output from
DDS generator. The included high-level harmonic wave should be filtered by lowpass filter so to output a
continuous sine wave. With high accurate reference voltage source in digit-analog converter, the output
waveform is of high amplitude accuracy and stability.

Keyboard,

display,

adjusting knob

SYNC output

Voltage

amplification

Power

Power

Data storage

controller

synthesis

Amplitude

Attenuator

Micro-

MCU

Digital

FPGA

control

Offset

Programmable

Clock 20 MHz

Digital-analog
converter D/A

Lowpass filter

Output port

Output

-9-

Amplitude controller is a multiplication digital-analog converter, analog signal that has been filtered is the
voltage standard of the digital-analog converter, this standard multiplies amplitude value inputting with the
numeric key to make output signal frequency be equal to this inputting value. Offset controller is also a
multiplication digital-analog converter, a high-accuracy DC voltage standard of which multiplies offset value
inputting with the numeric key to make the output signal offset be equal to this inputting value. The
synthesized signal from amplitude and offset controllers is amplified by the power amplifier and voltage
amplifier then output from output port.

4.3. Control working principle

Micro-controller controls the keyboard and display parts with interface circuit, when a key is pressed, the
micro-controller recognizes the code of pressed key and executes corresponding command program of this
key. The display circuit will work to display the instrument’s working state and each parameter.

Switch the adjusting knob on the panel to change the digit on the cursor position, generating a trigger pulse
every 15° rotation. The microprocessor could judge the rotation is left or right, if it is left, the number in the
position of cursor will be subtracted by 1; if it is right, the number in the position of cursor will be added by 1
with continuous carry or borrow.

5. Chapter 3 Reference

5.1. Data input

5.1.1. Input with the numeric keys

Select an option and input with the numeric keys the parameters of this option. The ten digit keys are of the
function of inputting data from left to right one by one. Point is allowed in this data, but only the first one is
valid when more than one points inputted. Under “offset” function, minus may be input. The digit keys input

digit to the display area which do not work yet and could be deleted by pressing 【＜】, or select this option
again, to input right one if it is a wrong input, but these must happen before pressing an unit key. End the

digits input and make them valid by pressing an unit key.
For any input by pressing the point key and the units, the generator will display this input in its own certain
form. Such as, the generator displays 1.50000 kHz for both of input of 1.5 kHz and 1500 Hz.

5.1.2. Adjust with the adjusting knob

In actual operations, users may use the adjusting knob to continuously adjust the signal. Press 【＜】or

【＞】to move the cursor left or right. Rotate the adjusting knob on the front panel right to add the digit on

the cursor position by 1, it can do a carry to the former; rotate the adjusting knob left to subtract the digit on
the cursor position by 1, it can borrow digit from the former. The digit adjusted by the adjusting knob works
immediately and no need to press unit key. Move the cursor to the left to do rough adjusting by the knob, and
to the right to do fine adjusting.

5.1.3 Selection of the inputting means

For known data, it is the most convenient to use numeric keys to input as it can be gotten easily without the
generating of transient data no matter how big the change of the data is, which is so important in some
operations. For the modifying of the entered data or for entering sequence data to observe, it will be more
convenient to use the adjusting knob. So user should select flexibly according to the different applications.

5.2. CHA continuous

“CHA continuous” means CHA outputs stable and continuous signal, of which the waveform, frequency,
amplitude and phase will not change along with time.

Press【Shift】【CHA/CHB】key, select “CHA” option and then set the parameters of CHA.

5.2.1. Frequency setting

Press【Freq】key, the light of which will be on, press “Hz” unit to display present frequency value. Input
frequency value with numeric keys or adjusting knob and the signals of this frequency will be output from the

output port.

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5.2.2. Period setting

Press【Period】key, the light of which will be on, press “s” unit to display present period value, input period
value with numeric keys or adjusting knob. Frequency is synthesized in the internal of the generator, and

converted to period when inputting and displaying. Limited by the frequency low resolution, for a
comparatively long period, the generator could only output some frequency points with long period interval,
so the period of actual output signal may be comparatively different from them, which should be under
consideration during operations.

5.2.3 Amplitude setting

Press【Ampl】key, the light of which will be on, press “Vpp” or “Vrms” to display present amplitude value,
input amplitude value with numeric keys or adjusting knob and the signals of this amplitude will be output

from the output port.

The relation between maximum amplitude and DC offset value should be below formula, if the setting of
amplitude exceeds specification, the generator will modify it until it is within the range of allowed maximum
amplitude value.

Vpp ≤2 × (10-|offset|)

5.2.4 Amplitude value form

There are two forms for amplitude input and display: peak-peak form and RMS form. Press 【Vpp】or

【mVpp】to input amplitude peak-peak value after inputting the digits, press【Vrms】or【mVrms】to input

amplitude RMS value. RMS value is applicable only to sinewave, square wave, Ramp wave and pulse wave
four common waveforms, and other waveforms could only be shown by amplitude peak-peak value.

5.2.5. Amplitude attenuation setting

Press【Ampl】key and select “Atten” option to show the present attenuation value. Amplitude attenuation is
auto as default of booting and there display “Auto”, the generator will select automatically proper attenuation

proportion according to the amplitude setting value, higher amplitude resolution, higher signal-noise ratio and
less waveform distortion could be realized at the same time regardless of the amplitude magnitude of the
signal. The output signal makes a momentary hop when the attenuation changes, which is not welcome in
some operations, but the generator has fixed attenuation function to avoid this circumstance. Input
attenuation values of 0dB, 20dB, 40dB and 60dB with the numeric keys, input 80dB to select auto
attenuation. Users may use the adjusting knob as well, the attenuation changes to next one for every step of
the rotation. When select fixed attenuation mode, the attenuation is fixed while the signal amplitude changes,
and the output signal could changes continuously within the whole amplitude range. But higher distortion of
the waveform and poor signal-noise ratio maybe appear when the attenuation is 0dB and the amplitude of
the signal is small.

5.2.6. Output load

The setting value of amplitude is calibrated when the output end is open. The real voltage of output load is
the setting value of amplitude multiplied by the assignment ratio of load impedance and output impedance.
The output impedance of the generator is fixed at 50Ω. When the load impedance is high enough, the
assignment ratio approaches to 1. The voltage loss of output impedance can be neglected. The real voltage
approaches to the setting value of amplitude. But when the load impedance is lower, the voltage loss of
output impedance cannot be neglected. It should be paid more attention that the real voltage does not
accord with the setting value of amplitude. Especially when the frequency is comparatively high, the output
and the change of inductance and condensance on the load will cause a comparatively large error.

With 50Ω output resistance, a momentary short-circuit of the output port makes no damage to the generator,
but the users should try to avoid long time short-circuit under high voltage output as a danger of making
damage to the generator. The generator has function of opposite voltage protection, with which the generator
close output automatically, make an alarm with the output indicating light off when carelessly connect a high

voltage(less than 30V) to the output port. Open the output by pressing 【Output】key only after the fault
cleared.

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5.2.7. Offset setting

Press【Offset】key, the light of which will be on, press “V DC” unit to display present offset value. Input
offset value with the numeric keys or adjusting knob for the output signal to generate this DC offset.

The relationship between the maximum DC offset and amplitude value should be below formula, if the setting
of offset exceeds, the generator will modify it until it is within the limit of the maximum offset value.

|offset|≤10-Vpp÷2

When it comes to adjust the DC offset of the output signals, it is more convenient to use the adjusting knob
than the numeric keys. As usual, taking no account of the sign of the present DC offset, right rotation makes
the DC level up, while left rotation makes it down, the sign of the DC offset value changes automatically
when passing the zero point.

5.2.8. DC voltage output

Set amplitude at 0V, the offset value could be set arbitrarily within ±10 V range, the generator is now a DC
voltage power supply and outputs specified DC voltage signal.

5.2.9. Output waveform selection

The generator could output 16 kinds of waveforms, and sine, square, Ramp and pulse are four common
waveforms, press 【Shift】【Sine】【Shift】【Square】【Shift】【Ramp】and 【Shift】【Pulse】keys to
select them directly, the corresponding waveform character light will be on. All 16 kinds of waveforms could
be selected with the waveform sequence numbers, press【Shift】【Waveform】key, and the instrument
shows the present waveform sequence number, users may select output waveforms by inputting waveform

sequence number with the numeric keys or adjusting knob. Except the four common waveforms, the
waveform character of other waveforms is “Arb”. The waveform sequence numbers of 16 kinds of waveforms
are as listed as below:

Waveform sequence numbers list

Sequence
number

Waveform Sequence

number

Waveform Sequence

number

Waveform

00 Sine 06 Logarithm 12 User-defined 2
01 Square 07 Sinc 13 User-defined 3
02 Ramp 08 Half-round 14 User-defined 4
03 Pulse 09 Cardiogram 15 User-defined 5
04 White noise 10 Vibration
05 Exponent 11 User-defined 1

5.2.10. Duty cycle setting

When the present selection of waveform is square, press【Duty】key, the “Duty” keyboard light will be on
and the generator display current duty cycle value, input duty cycle value with numeric keys or adjusting

knob, then the output will be a square with a fixed duty cycle value. While the frequency of square changes,
its duty cycle keeps the same. The definition of square duty cycle is the ratio of high level time of one square
to the period of this square. When the frequency of square is comparatively high, the setting of duty cycle is
limited by the edge time, in a relationship as below formula:

Duty cycle× Period≥2× Edge time or Duty cycle ×Period≤ Period－(2× Edge time)

5.2.11. Symmetry setting

When the present selection of waveform is Ramp, press【Duty】key, the “Duty” keyboard light will be on
and the generator display current symmetry value, input symmetry value with numeric keys or adjusting knob,

then the output will be a Ramp with a fixed symmetry value. While the frequency of a Ramp changes, its
symmetry keeps the same. The definition of Ramp symmetry is the ratio of rising time of one Ramp to the
period of this Ramp. Ramp with 100% symmetry is named as rising Ramp wave, and Ramp with 0%
symmetry is named as falling Ramp wave, Ramp with 50% symmetry is named as triangle wave.

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5.2.12. Pulse width setting

Select pulse wave and press【Width】key, the “Width” keyboard indicator will be lighted and the generator
display current pulse width value, the users may use the numeric keys or knob to input pulse width value,

and the generator will output pulse wave with this pulse width set. The pulse width keeps unchanging while
the pulse frequency changes. Pulse width is defined as, the time value of the high level of the pulse wave.
When the frequency of the pulse wave is comparatively high, the set of pulse width will be limited by edge
time, and should accord with below formula:

Pulse width≥2×edge time or period-pulse width≥2×edge time

5.2.13. Output mode setting

Press【Menu】key and select “Mode” option to display the output mode value, use the numeric keys or knob
to input mode value. There are only two values to choose: 0 or 1, when set the value as 0, the signal from

the output port is in-phase with the sync port, and when set it as 1, the two are inverted.

5.3. CHB continuous

“CHB continuous” means CHB outputs stable and continuous signal, of which the waveform, frequency,
amplitude and phase will not change along with time.

Press【Shift】【CHA/CHB】key, select “CHB” option and then set parameters of CHB.

5.3.1. Phase difference between CHA and CHB setting

When the frequencies of CHA and CHB are the same, press【Menu】key and select “Phase” option, the
generator will indicate the phase difference between CHA and CHB, use the numeric keys or knob to input

phase difference value, the phase difference between signals from CHA and CHB could be set in advance. It
is meaningless to set phase difference when the frequencies of CHA and CHB are different.

The settings of other parameters of CHB is the same as the one of CHA.

Below contents give detail explanations of FM, AM, PM, PWM, FSK, frequency sweeping, burst and arbitrary
waveform functions, which are only applicable to CHA.

5.4. Frequency modulation (FM)

In Frequency modulation, the frequency of the carrier is varied by the instantaneous voltage of modulating
waveform, all the 16 kinds of waveforms listed in the waveforms table could be used as carrier waveform.
Before entering into frequency modulation, the users should set the waveform, frequency and amplitude
value of the carrier wave first under CHA continuous function.

Press【FM】key, the keyboard indicator of “FM” will be on, and CHA output frequency modulation signal.

5.4.1. Frequency deviation

Press【Menu】key and select “Devia” option, and then set frequency deviation value. Frequency deviation
represents the frequency variation of carrier wave when the modulating waveform is with full amplitude

during FM process. When the amplitude of the modulating waveform is at positive peak value, the output
frequency is equal to the frequency of the carrier plus the frequency deviation, and when it is at the negative
peak value, the output frequency is equal to the carrier frequency minus the frequency deviation. Therefore,
the frequency deviation setting must conform to the following two conditions:

(Carrier frequency－frequency deviation)＞0

(Carrier frequency＋frequency deviation)＜The upper limit of the generator

5.4.2. Modulation frequency

Press【Menu】key and select “Mod_f” option, and then set modulation frequency value. In FM, modulation
frequency is usually far lower than carrier frequency.

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5.4.3. Modulation waveform

Press【Menu 】key and select “Shape” option, set modulation waveform by setting waveform No., the
modulation waveform may be any one of the 16 kinds of waveforms listed in the waveforms table.

5.4.4. Modulation source

Press【Menu】key, select “Source” option and then set modulation source, there are only two values to
choose: 0 and 1. Set the value as 0 to choose internal modulation source, and set it as 1 to choose external

modulation source. If external modulation source is chosen, connect a modulation signal to the 《Modulation

In》port on the rear panel of the generator. When external modulation signal reaching to full amplitude as
±5 V, the display of frequency deviation accords with its real value. Or the display of frequency deviation is

incorrect.

5.4.5. Sync output

In FM, the generator outputs a sync signal from the front panel “Sync” connector, which is a square wave
with TTL level and 50% duty cycle, its frequency is equal to modulating wave frequency and its phase is
referenced to the phase of the modulating wave.

In FM, press 【FM 】key, the keyboard indicator of “FM” will be off, the generator will exit frequency
modulation function and return back to continuous function.

5.5. Amplitude modulation (AM)

In AM, the amplitude of the carrier is varied by the instantaneous voltage of the modulating waveform, all the
16 kinds of waveforms listed in the waveforms table could be used as carrier waveform. Before entering into
amplitude modulation, the users should set the waveform, frequency and amplitude value of the carrier wave
first under CHA continuous function.

Press【AM】key, the keyboard indicator of “AM” will be on and CHA output amplitude modulation signal.

5.5.1. Modulation depth

Press【Menu 】 key and select “Depth” option, and then set modulation depth value. Modulation depth
represents the percentage of variation of the carrier amplitude to the amplitude setting value while the

modulating wave is with full amplitude during AM process. If the maximum amplitude of the modulated carrier
waveform is called as Amax, the minimum amplitude as Amin, the amplitude setting value as A, the
modulation depth as M, then the relationship between the four values is:

Amax＝(1+M)×A÷2.2 Amin＝(1-M)×A÷2.2

Then the modulation depth is M＝(Amax－Amin)×1.1÷A

If modulation depth is 120%, Amax=A, Amin=-0.09A. If modulation depth is 100%, Amax=0.909A, Amin=0. If
modulation depth is 50%, Amax=0.682A, Amin=0.227A. If modulation depth is 0 ％ , Amax=0.455A,
Amin=0.455A. That is to say, when modulation depth is 0, carrier amplitude is about half of the amplitude

setting.

3.5.2. Modulation frequency

Press【Menu】key and select “Mod_f” option, and then set modulation frequency value. In AM, modulation
frequency is usually far lower than carrier frequency.

3.5.3. Modulation waveform

Press【 Menu】 key and select “Shape” option, set modulation waveform by setting waveform no. The
modulation waveform may be any one of the 16 kinds of waveforms listed in the waveforms table.

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5.5.4. Modulation source

Press【Menu】key, select “Source” option and then set modulation source, there are only two values to
choose: 0 and 1. Set the value as 0 to choose internal modulation source, and set it as 1 to choose external

modulation source. If external modulation source is chosen, connect a modulation signal to the 《Modulation

In》port on the rear panel of the generator. When external modulation signal reaching to full amplitude as
±5V, the display of modulation depth accords with its real value. Or the display of modulation depth is

incorrect.

5.5.5. Sync output

In AM, the generator outputs a sync signal from the front panel “Sync” connector, which is a square wave
with TTL level and 50% duty cycle, its frequency is equal to modulating frequency and its phase is
referenced to the phase of the modulating signal.

In AM, press【AM】key again, the “AM” indicator will be off, and the generator exits AM function and returns
back to continuous function.

5.6. Phase modulation (PM)

In PM, the phase of the carrier is varied by the instantaneous voltage of the modulating waveform, all the 16
kinds of waveforms listed in the waveforms table could be used as carrier waveform. Before entering into
phase modulation, the users should set the waveform, frequency and amplitude value of the carrier wave
first under CHA continuous function.

Press【PM】key to light “PM”, and the CHA output phase modulation signal.

5.6.1. Phase deviation

Press 【 Menu 】 key and select “Devia” option, and then set phase deviation value. Phase deviation
represents the variation of carrier phase while the modulating waveform is with full amplitude in phase

modulation. When the amplitude of the modulating waveform is at positive peak value, the phase of the
outputted signal increase one phase shift, and when it is at the negative peak value, the phase of the
outputted signal decrease one phase shift.

5.6.2. Modulation frequency

Press【Menu】key and select “Mod_f” option and then set modulation frequency value. In PM, modulation
frequency is usually far lower than carrier frequency.

5.6.3. Modulation waveform

Press【Menu 】key and select “Shape” option, set modulation waveform by setting waveform No., the
modulation waveform may be any one of the 16 kinds of waveforms listed in the waveforms table.

5.6.4. Modulation source

Press【Menu】key, select “Source” option and then set modulation source, there are only two values to
choose: 0 and 1. Set the value as 0 to choose internal modulation source, and set it as 1 to choose external

modulation source. If external modulation source is chosen, connect a modulation signal to the 《Modulation

In》port on the rear panel of the generator. When external modulation signal reaching to full amplitude as
±5 V, the display of phase deviation accords with its real value. Or the display of phase deviation is incorrect.

3.6.5 Sync output: in PM, the generator outputs a sync signal from the front panel “Sync” connector, which is
a square wave with TTL level and 50% duty cycle, its frequency is equal to modulating frequency and its
phase is referenced to the phase of the modulating signal.

In PM, press【PM】key, the “PM” indicator will be off, the generator exits PM function and returns back to
continuous function.

-15-

5.7. Pulse width modulation (PWM)

In PWM, the pulse width of the carrier varies with the instantaneous voltage of the modulating signal, and the
waveform shape of the carrier must be pulse. Before entering into PWM, users should firstly set the
frequency and amplitude of carrier wave under CHA continuous function.

Press【PWM】k ey, the keyboard indic ator of “ PW M” will be on and the CHA output phase width
modulation signal, the carrier wave is automatically set as puls e wave.

5.7.1 . Pulse width dev iation

Press【Menu】key and select “Devia” op tion, then set pulse width deviatio n value. It represents the
variation of carrier pulse width to the period of the pulse when the modulating waveform is with full amplitude

during PWM process, also the variation of the duty cycle. Name the maximum duty cycle of modulated
carrier as Dmax, and the minimum as Dmin, the pulse width deviation’s formula should be:

Pulse width deviation＝Dmax－Dm in

If Dmax=80%, Dmin=20%, the pulse width deviation is 60％. If Dmax=50%, Dmin=50%, the pulse
width deviation should be 0%. That is to say, when pulse width deviation is 0, the duty cycle of pulse wave is

50%.

5.7.2 . Modulation frequency

Press【Menu】key, select “Mod_f” option and se t modulation frequenc y v alue .

5.7.3 . Modulation waveform

Press【Menu】key and select “Shape” option, set m odulation waveform by setting waveform No.,
the modulation waveform may be any one of the 16 kinds of waveforms listed in the waveforms

table.

5.7.4 . Modulation source

Press 【Menu】key, select “Source” option and then set modulation source, there are only two
values to choose: 0 and 1. Set the value as 0 to choose internal modulation source, and set it as

1 to c hoose external modulation s ource. If external modulation sourc e is chosen, c onnect a
modulation signal to the 《Modulation In》port on the rear panel of the generator. When external

modulation signal reaching to fu ll ampl itud e as ±5V, the display of puls e width deviation accords
with its real value. Or th e display of pulse width deviation is incorrec t.

5.7.5 . Sync output

In PWM, the generator outputs a sync signal from the front panel “Sync” connector, which is a square wave
with TTL level and 50% duty cycle, its frequency is equal to modulating frequency and its phase is
referenced to the phase of the modulating signal.

In PWM, press【PW M】ke y, the “PW M” keyboard indicator will be off, and the gener ator exits

PW M function and retur ns back to continuous function.

5.8. Frequency shift keying (F SK)

In FSK, the frequency of the carrier shifts between “carrier frequency” and “hop frequency”
alternately, the rate at which the output shif ts is det ermined by hop rat e, all the 16 waveforms
liste d in the wavef orms tab le could be used as carrier wave. Before entering into FSK, us ers
should firstly set the waveform , frequenc y and amplitude value of the carr ier wave under CHA
continuous function.

Press【FSK】key to light “FSK” k e yboard indic ator, and CHA will output FSK sign al.

-16-

5.8.1 . Hop frequency

Press【Menu】key to light “Hop _f” character, and then set hop frequenc y value. Frequency shift
ke yin g is sim ilar with FM whose modulating waveform is squar e. “hop frequency” is similar with

“frequency deviation”, with the d ifference of, frequency deviation is an offs et value that the
frequency of carrier wave plus or minus, whose setting range is relational with th e frequency of
carrier wave, hop frequency could be set arbitrarily within whole frequency range, it has no
relat ionship with carrier frequency.

5.8.2 . Hop rate

Press 【 Menu 】 key to light “Rate” character, then set hop rate value. In FSK, the modulation
wavef orm is f ixed as a square wave wit h 50% dut y cycle, the frequency o f the square wave is the

hop rate.

5.8.3 . Trigger sou rce

Press【Menu】key, sele ct “Source” option and then set trigger source, there are only two values
to choose: 0 and 1. Set t he value as 0 to c hoose internal trigger source, and set it as 1 to cho ose

exter nal trigger source. If extern al trigger source is chosen, connect a TTL trigger signal to the
《Trig In》port on the rear panel of the generator. W hen the trigger signal is with logic low level,

the frequenc y of output signal is the carrier frequency. W hen the trigg er signa l is with logic high
level , the frequenc y of output signa l is the hop frequency. When external trigger source is chosen,
the h op rate setting is ig nore d.

5.8.4 . Sync output

In FSK, the generator outputs a syn c sign al from the front panel “Sync” connector, which is a
squar e wave with TTL level and 50% duty cycle, its frequency is equal to the hop rate. W hen the
outpu t signal is the carrier, a low level sync signal is outputt ed. W hen the out put is hop freque ncy,
a high level s ync signal is outputted.

In FSK, press 【FSK】key again, the “FSK” keyb oard indicator will be off, the generator exits FSK
function and returns back to continuous function.

5.9. Frequency sweeping function

In frequenc y swee p, the output frequenc y changes from the star t frequenc y point to the end
frequency point according to the setting sweep time. Users may sweep within the whole frequency
range. During this process, the phase of outp ut signals is continuous. All t he 16 kinds of
wavef orm except of pulse a nd white noise listed in the wavef orm table could be swept.
Linearity frequency sweeping is sim ilar with Ram p frequency modulation, with the difference of,
frequency sweepin g does not use m odulation wa veform, but continuously ou tput a ser ies of
discrete frequency points according to certain time interval.

Press【Sweep】key, the light of it will be lighted and the CHA outp ut f reque ncy sweeping signal.

5.9.1 . Start and end frequency

Press【Menu】key to light “Start” lett er and then set start frequency point. Press【Menu】key to
light “St op” letter and th en set end frequency point. If the end frequency value is more than the

start frequency value , the sweep is pos itive from lower f requency to high er frequency, increasing
step by step f rom the start frequency to the end frequency and then retu rn to the s tart frequency.
If en d frequency value is less than the start frequency value, the sweep is opposite from high er
frequency to lower frequency, decreasing step by step from the start frequency to the end
frequency and then return to the start freq uency.

-17-

5.9.2 . Sweeping time

Press【Menu】key and select “Tim e” option and then set sweep tim e value. Sweep time means
the time of sweeping from the start f requ ency point to the end f requency point. The sweep time of

every freq uency point is the same, so the longer the sweep time is, the more frequenc y points are
swept, the less the st ep of the frequenc y point is, and the finer the sweep is. The shorter of the
sweep tim e is, the less frequency points are swept, the more the step of the frequency poi nt is,
and t he rougher th e sweep is.

5.9.3 . Sweeping mode

Press【Menu】key and select “Mode” option to set sweeping mode. There are only two value of
sweeping m ode : 0 and 1, Set the valu e as 0 to select “linear” option, and the sweepi ng mode now

is linearity. Set the valu e as 1 to sel ect “log” option, to select l ogarithm mode.

Under linearity sweep ing mode, the fre quenc y step is fixed, but a fixed frequency step always
does a bad eff ect when sweeping com parativel y wide-range frequenc y. In that case, the
resolutio n is high when sweeping high en d of frequenc y, the frequency changes slowly, and the
sweeping is fine. But the resolution is low when sweeping the low end of frequenc y, the f requency
changes ver y quickly, the sweeping is rou gh. So line arity sweeping is applicable only for
sweeping with narrow f requency rang e.

Under logarithm sweeping mode, the frequency step value is not fixed but changes according to
logar ithm relation. When s weeping the high end of fre quenc y, the frequency step value is
comparatively large; when swe eping the low end of frequency, the frequency step value is
comparatively small. T he freq uency change is comparatively aver age for sweeping with wide
frequency range. So logarithm swee ping is applicable for sweeping with wide frequency ran ge.

5.9.4 . Trigger sou rce

Press【Menu】key, sele ct “Source” option and then set trigger source, there are only two values
to choose: 0 and 1. Set t he value as 0 to c hoose internal trigger source, and set it as 1 to cho ose

exter nal trigger source. If external trigger source is chosen, the sweeping will stop when reaching
to the end point, then each t ime you press 【Shift】【trig】keys, the s weep ing will run once , then
stop on the start frequen cy and wait for next trigger. External trigger signal c ould also be chosen,
connect a TTL trigger signal to the 《 Trig In 》 port on the rear panel of the gener ator . The
sweeping will run onc e at the ris ing edge of each trigg er signal. Of cou rse, the per iod of trigger

signa l sh ould be longer than s weeping t ime.

5.9.5 . Sync output

During frequency sweeping, the 《S ync 》por t on the front panel output a sync signal. A sync
signa l is a pulse wave signal with TTL leve l, of which the rising edge of t he puls e is m atch alon g

with the start point of the sweep ing, and the fall ing edge is match along with the middle point of
the s weeping area, the period of the pulse wave is the same with sweeping time.

Under sweeping func tion, press【Swee p】key(the “Sweep” ke y-light will be off) to exit frequency
sweeping function and return back to continuous function.

5.10. Burst

It is explained that in bu rst mode, the word “burst” means the c ycle of any wavef orm, not only the
pulse. In burst output, instrument outputs continuously a series of burst or trigger and output a
singl e burs t according to repeated period, pulse count and star t phase set. All the 16 waveform s
liste d in the waveforms table could be used as burst waveform. Before enterin g into burst function,
users should firstly set the waveform, frequency and amplitu de value of the burst under CHA
continuous function.

Press 【Burst】k e y t o light “Burst” k eyboard indicator, the CH A will output burst signal.

-18-

5.10. 1. Repeated Perio d

Press 【Menu】key and select “Perio d” option , and then set repeated period. Per iod represents
time from the star t of one burst to the start of the next one which m ust be long enough to contain

the p ulse numbers of setting, as th e following formula shows:

Repea ted period＞(Pulse coun t / Puls e frequency)

If the r epeated peri od sett ing is too short, the instrument will m odif y it to the allo wable minim um
value.

5.10. 2. Burst count

Press【Menu】key a nd select “Ncyc” o ptio n, and then set the burst count. Burst count represents
the number of c ycles of burst in a repeated period, which must be small en ough to be conta ined

in one repeated period, as following formula sh ows:

Pulse cou nt＜(repeated period ×pulse frequenc y)

If the burst count setting is too big, the instrument will modif y it to the allowable maximum value.

5.10. 3. Start phase

Press【Menu】key and select “Phas e” option, and then set start and end phase value. The start
and end of the burst are always on the same phase of the wav eform , this phase is named as the

start phase. The start phase s etting r ange is 0° to 360°, it is not available to square wave.

5.10. 4. T rigger source

Press 【Menu 】key, select “Source” option and set trigger source, there are only two values to
choos e. Set the value as 0 to choose int ernal trigger source, and set it as 1 to choose external

trigger sourc e. W hen choos ing external trigger s ource, burst output will stop, then each time you
press 【Shift】【tri g】keys, the generator will output a burst, then keep on the start phase and

wait for nex t trigger. External trigger signal could be chosen as well, connect a TTL tr igger signal
to the 《Trig In》port on the rear panel of the generator . The generator will output a b urst at the

rising edge of each trigger signa l, then keep on the star t phase and wait for nex t tr igger. Of
course, the period of the trigger signal should accords with the limitation condition of rep eated
perio d setting. W hen external tri gger source is chosen, the set ting of repeated period is ignored.

5.10. 5. Sync output

During burst output, a sync signa l c an be outputted from the front panel “Sync” conn ector. It is a
TTL level’s pulse wave, its rising edge is corresponding to the burst starting point, while the
falling edge is corres ponding to the end of the burst. Tha t is to say, during the continuation of
burst, sync output k eeps high leve l; during the stop period of burs t, sync output keeps at low level.

In burst function, press 【 Burst 】 key again, the “Burst” keyboard indic ator will be off, th e
generator exits burst function and returns back to continuous functio n.

5.11. Arbitrary waveform

The generator could output 16 kinds of waveforms (see waveform sequence number table), where
0#～10# are internal fixed waveforms, which the users co uld only use but not edit or mak e any

change to, 11# ～15# are user-def ined waveforms, the users may edit arbitrary waveforms by
themselves, or edit and change current waveforms.

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5.11. 1. Keyboard edition

The users may use the keyboard to edit and change the user-def ined waveform s, follow below
steps:

1. sel ect CHA tone, set fre quenc y 1k Hz, amplitude 20Vpp.

2. press 【 Shift 】 【 Waveform 】 and select “#” unit, set a waveform sequence number within

11# ~ 15# to recall a user-defined waveform.

3. press【Edit】k ey, the “Edit” keyboard will be on, and the users may start to edit and change

current waveform.

4. press【Menu】k ey and s elect “#” unit to set editing poi nt s equence number.

5. press 【 Menu 】 key and s elect “°” unit to set horizontal phase value. The setting range of

horizontal phase value is 0°～360°, the horizontal phase value of 0# editing poin t must be 0°,
and the o ne of the l ast editing point m ust be 360°, with the one of middle editing points

increased one by o ne.

6. press【Menu 】key and select “V DC” unit to set vertical volt age value, of which the setting

range is -10 V ~ +10 V, if you need cycle of waveform continuous, you must make the vertica l
voltage values of points 0° and 360° equ al.

7. Start from 0# editing point, set a series of editing points with above method. T he generator c an

connect eac h point together in lines to f orm a user-defined waveform. Connect an oscilloscope
to the CHA output port to real-tim e observe the effect of the edition. The least points for a
user-defined wavef orm is 2(such as Ramp), 800 points at m ost.

8. Press 【 Edit】 key, the “Edit” keyb oard indicator will be off and the generator ex it waveform

edition state.

5.11. 2. Edit with PC

It is able to edi t sim ple user-defined waveform s with few editing points with th e keyboard of the
generator , and its advantage is real-t ime e diting and outputtin g, and the waveform s edited could
be modified arbitrar ily. But as for complicated waveforms with many editing points , editin g with
ke ybo ard wastes time much, you’d better edit on computer screen using a mouse with the
wavef orm-editor software, then down load the waveform dat a to the generator. Follow below s teps:

1. Install the waveform edition software written in the CD of the generator to the PC, connect the

generator to the PC with an USB cable. Switch on the generator and select CHA tone.

2. Run the waveform edition software, to sho w arbitrary waveform edition interf ace, click “clear

wavef orm” butt on with th e mouse, the wavef orm displ a y area will be cleared and th e users m ay
creat e an arbitrary waveform . There are two windows under the waveform display area,
indic atin g X horizontal phase value, of which the range is 0 ~ 360°, Y vertical voltage value, of
which the range is -10V ~ +10V. When moving the mouse to the waveform display area, the
two windows will show the X and Y coor dinates of the current m ouse position. Click the m ouse
to set an editing p oint. It is convenient to use th e mouse to set edit ing points, but in this case it
is a little difficult to set accurate value. The users m a y use the keyboard to input if want to get
accurate coordinates. Firstly input X coord inate, press Enter, then input Y coordinate and
press Ent er, to set an accurate editing point. Of course the users may also se t editing po ints
with bot h of the keyboard and mouse. The horizontal phase value of 0# editing point must be
0°, and the one of the last editing point must be 360°, with the one of middle editing points
increased one by one. If you need cycle of wave form continuous, you must make the vertical
voltage values of points 0° and 360° equal. The least points for user-defined waveform is 2,
800 points at most, you can set editing points in the waveform display area with mouse or
ke ybo ard, and the software can connect each point together in lines to form an user-define d
wavef orm.

3. After finishing the user-defined waveform edition, click “download d ata” button with the mous e

to down load this user-defined waveform data to the generator. C onnect a n oscilloscope to the
CHA o utput port to observe the arbitrar y wa vefor ms downloaded.

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5.11. 3. W aveform stora ge

Regardless of downloa ded from PC using software or edited us ing the keyboard, the user-defined
wavef orms data are stor ed in volatile memor y, they will vanish on turning off the generator. If you
want to preserve the waveform for a long time, please store the data.

Press 【Me nu 】 key, select “Store” option and input with the keyb oard one waveform sequence

number from 11# ~ 15#, press【#】key, then t he current waveform will be perse vered in specified
non-volat ile mem ory and will not vanish even turning off the generator. Of course when you store

a new waveform , the selecte d mem ory will be o verwritten by the new data, in order to prevent that
several waveform seque nce No . are contin uously stored by carelessly rotating the knob, the knob
is locked under “Store” option and the users could only use keyboard to s tore data.

5.11. 4. W aveform recal l

After the user-defined waveform is stored, press 【 Shift 】 【 Waveform 】 key to set waveform
sequence number, to recall user-def ined waveform of this sequ ence number.

5.12. Setting paramete r storage

A lot kinds of working parameters of the ge nera tor could be set during operation, such as
wavef orm, frequenc y, amplitude and so on, total more than 40 kinds, which are totally called as
the setting parameter of the g enerator.

5.12. 1. Setting parameter storage

The generator has 6 non-volat ile mem ories, to s tore 6 groups of setting parameters r espectively,
which will not lose even if cutting off the power. The gen erat or uses location 0# to hold the default
settings, to prevent the default setting parameter from being cha nged, the 0# memor y area is
desig ned to not allow storage operation. Use 1# ~ 5# memory area to store user-d efin ed setting
param eter . The 1# memor y area stores the power-on setting parameters, the users may store
setting parameters usuall y used to the 1# memory area, which will be automatically recalled when
generator power on or system reset.

Under CH A tone functio n, press 【Menu】key and select “Store” option, then input memory area

within 1 # ~ 5# with the keyboard and press 【# 】key, the current setting parameters of the
generator will be stored to the non-volatile m emory with this specified memor y area num ber,

these setting par ameters will not lose even if power off the generator. A new group of setti ng
param eter stored will cover the former data in this m emory area, to prevent storing data t o more
than one memory area continuously by rotating the knob carelessly, and under “Store” option, the
knob func tion is locked and the users could only store with the keyb oard.

5.12. 2. Setting parameter recall

After finish ing t he setting parameter storage and under CH A tone, press【Menu】k ey and selec t

“Reca ll” o ption to set one mem ory area number within 0 # ~ 5#, then press【#】key to recall the
setting param eter stored in this m emory area. After the recall of the s etting param eter , the

generator will work with this new setting param eter.

5.13. External memory

You can use U disk as exter nal memory. Connect U disk with “U SB host” port on the rear pan el
and “U” mark will be shown on the low-left corner of screen. If pull ou t the Ｕ disk f rom the port,

the “USB” mark disappear. No matter storing or recalling the user-def ined waveforms or setting
param eters, U disk is the first cho ice of th e generator. If a U disk is connected to the generator,
stora ge and recall proc ess in the U disk, and if no U disk is connected, st orag e and recall process
in the in ternal non-vo latile mem ory of the generator.

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If use a U disk to store user-define d waveforms, the generator crea tes automatically in the U disk
corresponding file nam e WAVE11.ARB～W AVE15.AR B according to waveform sequence numbers,

and then store the user-defined waveforms data to corresponding file . If use a U disk to store
setting param eters, the generator creates automatically in the U disk corresponding file name
SETUP1.SET ~ SET UP5.SET according to memory are a numbers, and then st ore the setting
param eters to corres ponding file. If U disk storage f aile d, the generator wil l make an alarm. W hen
recall form a U disk, th e generator will find in the U disk m atched file name according to the inpu t
of user-defined waveform sequence number or setting parameter memory a rea number, and if find
the match file, the data in this fi le will be recalled , and there is no matched file name in the U disk,
the recall operation faile d and the generat or will make an alarm.

Using a U disk memory makes it p ossible to stor e and recall user- defined waveforms and setting
param eters, so several users could use one generator .

5.14. Frequen c y measurement

The gener ator is designed to be added a pulse counter, with which the users could measure
frequency of signals, this pulse counter has compl etely no relationship with the funct ion/arbitrar y
wavef orm generator but is only one more function of the generator.

Connect the signal to be tested to the 《Cou nt In》port on the rear panel of the generator, press

【Count 】key and th e “Count” keyboard indicator will be on, and a twink ling “Gate” mark will
appear on the down-r ight corn er of the scree n, now the generator starts to measure the frequency

of th e input signal and show t he m easurement value at the sam e time.

5.14. 1. G ate time setting

Press【Menu】key and select “Gate” option, the frequency measur ement will stop and the users
now could set gate tim e value. The frequenc y measurem ent will res ume after finishing the gat e

time sett ing, and the twinkle rate of the “Gate” mark will change too. The g ate time indicates the
sampling inter val time of tested signal, the lo nger the gate t ime is, the more the sam pling data, so
the users may get more stable meas urem ent r esult and higher measurement resolution. And the
short er the gate time is, the better the tested signal is tracked, but short gate time will result in
low measur ement resolution. Gener ally, gate time should be longer than the period of tested
signa l.

5.14. 2. Coupling mode

The tested signal adapts AC coupling method, and the input attenuation is com paratively larger
when fre quenc y is c omparatively lower, so when frequency is lower than 10Hz, the users should
better increase the am plitude of th e tested signal properly.

5.14. 3. L ow-pass filte r

When the frequenc y of t este d signal is comparatively low and with a high-frequency noise added
with it, the high-frequency noise may trigger the counter which will result in getting larger
measurement resu lt compared with the correct value . In this case, a low-pas s filter should be
used externally to filter the high-frequency noise in the tes ted signal, and to get corr ect
measurement result .

-22-

3.15 Output port

There are three output ports on the front panel of the instrum ent, us ers must not input signal to
the o utput port as a possibili ty of dam aging th e in strum ent.

5.15. 1. Signal output port 《《《《CHA》》》》

The signals of CHA are all output from this output port, press 【Output】k ey to open or close t he
signa l from the output port circularly. The output port is ope n when the “O utput” light is on, and

close when the “Outp ut” is off. If wrongly connect external high volta ge to signal output por t,
instr ument will suffer “inverse filling” dang er, and then instrument will turn on the protection
function, close immediately signal out put port and mak e an alarm with the “Output” light off. In

this case, you must check externa l load, only after e liminating the failure can press【output】key
to op en signal output port.

5.15. 2. Signal output port 《《《《CHB》》》》

The signals of CHB are all output from this o utput port, the charac teristics of which is the same as
the o ne of 《CH A》.

5.15. 3. Sync output po rt 《《《《Sync》》》》

Output pulse wave compatible with TTL, hig h level＞4V, low level ＜0.3V. S ync signal is different
under different function.

1. When CHA is un der continuous functio n, sync signa l is a square signal with TTL level, the

frequency of s ync signal is the sam e as the frequenc y of the sign al f rom《CHA》port, when the
outpu t mode is set to be 0, the phase of sync signal is the sam e as the phas e of the sig nal

from the 《CHA》port. When the output mode is set to be 1, the p hase of sync signal is the

oppos ite of the phase of the signal from the 《CHA》port.

2. When CHB is un der continuous functio n, sync signa l is a square signal with TTL level, the

frequency of s ync signal is the sam e as the frequenc y of the sign al f rom《CHB》port, when the
outpu t mode is set to be 0, the phase of sync signal is the sam e as the phas e of the sig nal

from the 《CHB》port. When the output mode is set to be 1, the p hase of sync signal is the

oppos ite of the phase of the signal from the 《CHB》port.

3. Under FM, AM, PM, PWM, s ync signal is a square with 50% dut y cyc le, the frequenc y of wh ich

is equal to t he modulation wave, and the ph ase is refere nced to the m odulatio n wave.

4. Under FSK, sync sig nal is a square with 50 % duty cycle, the freq uency of which is equal to the

hop rate, when outputting carrier f requency, sync signal is with low level. W hen outputti ng hop
frequency, sync signal is with high level.

5. Under frequency sweep function, the sync sign al is a pulse signal wit h TTL level, the rising

edge of the pulse wave m atch along with the st art poi nt of the swe ep, and the falling edge of
the pulse wave match along with the midd le point of sweep range, the period of puls e wave is
the same as sweep time.

6. Under burst output, sync is a pulse wave, the rising edge of which corresponds to the start

point of the burst, and the falling edge correspon ds to t he end point , and the period is e qual to
the repeated period of the burst.

7. Under frequenc y swee ping, burs t and FSK functions, if external trigg er or manual trigger is

selec ted, the frequenc y of the sync sig nal was d etermined by the trig ger signal.

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5.16. Input p ort

There are three input ports on the rear panel of the generator, wh ich could onl y be used as
exter nal signal input port , and not signal outp ut port.

5.16. 1. M odulation input port《《《《M odulation In 》》》》

Input ext ernal modulat ion sign al under FM, AM, PM and PW M f unctions.

5.16. 2. T rigger input port《《《《T rig In》》》》

Input ext ernal trigger sig nal under FSK, frequency sweep ing and burst functions.

5.16. 3. Count input po rt 《《《《Count In》》》》

Input ext ernal signal to b e tested under frequency m easurement function.

5.17. Communication port

5.17. 1. USB device int erface 《《《《U SB Device 》》》》

The instrum ent co uld be program-controlled b y connecting to computer through this int erface with
an USB cable, or down user-defined waveform data with waveform ed itio n software, or update the
firmware program of the generator with firmware updating software, the use method of this
interface is descr ibed in detail in the CD that attached with the instrument.

5.17. 2. USB host port《《《《USB Host》》》》

Plug in an U disk, to store and recall the user-defi ned waveforms and setting parameters of th e
generator .

5.18. Parameter calibr ation

The instrum ent is calibrated before shipment, but some specifications may change a bit lot during
long time of use. To ensure the accuracy, the instrument should be calibrated termly. Users may
regain the accurac y of the instrument by operating the ke yboard to calibrat e the main
specifications without removing the cover of the instrum ent.

5.18. 1. Enable calibration

After booting, the calibration is in off state, and the generator could not be calibrated without
inputting calibration password, this is a way to protect calibra ted p arameters which m ay be

changed carelessly. To enable calibration, select sine wave and then press【Sh ift】【Cal】key,

the calibration password displayed as 0, input calibration password 1900, press 【 # 】 k e y t o
enable calibrat ion. If c urrently the generator is under CHA tone function, you may calibrate CHA,

and if under CHB tone function now, you may calibrate CHB.

5.18. 2 Parameters calibration

Press【Menu】key to display calibrat ion value on the left, and calibration seq uence num ber on
the right when setting calibr atio n conditions automatically. Adjust calibration value to calibrate

prese nt selected cal ibration option and make the output exp ecte d. Continue to press 【Menu】
ke y and the calibration sequence number will incre ase step by step, users could calibrate all

those options respectively, which is shown in the foll owing list. During calibratio n process, press
【 Shift 】 【 Cal 】key at any time then press 【Menu 】 key to return the calibration sequence
number to 00.

-24-

Param eter calibration table

Sequence
No.

Defau lt
calibration
value

Output
nominal
value

Adjus t the calibration value till the o utput is within the
error range

00 1000 0 V D C

Zero calibration: output DC voltage －20 ~ 20 mV DC

01 1000 10 V DC Offset calibration: output DC voltage 9.87 ~ 10.13 V DC

02 900 7 Vrms

03 300 0.71 Vrms

Amplitude calibration: output AC voltage 6.928 ~

7.072 Vrm s
Amplitude calibration: output AC voltage 0.701 ~

0.719 Vrm s

04 500 1 MHz Frequency calibration: output frequency 1 MHz ± 20 Hz

05 ~ 24 100 ~ 150 5 Vpp Flatness calibration: output am plitude 4.5 V pp ~ 5.1 Vpp

5.18. 3. Disable calibration

After finishing the calib ration, pr ess 【 Shif t 】 【 Cal 】 key and there displ a y 1900, press any

numeric keys then【#】key to store the calibrat ion param eters, disable calibration and exit the
process.

During the calibration proces s, if wrong calibration occurred, press 【Freq】key at an y time to
disab le calibration and exit without storin g calibr ation parameters.

After reboo ting, the generator automaticall y recalls and uses the calibr ation parameters stor ed
durin g last calibration.

5.19. Def ault setting

5.19. 1 Co ntinuous function of C H A and CHB

Conti nuous function is def ault after booting.

Waveform: sinewave
Frequency: 1 kHz
Amplitude: 1 Vpp
Atten uation: Auto
Offset: 0 V DC
Duty cycle: 50%
Symmetry: 50%
Pulse width: 0.2 ms
Output mode: in-phase
Output port: open

5.19. 2. M odulation function (FM , AM, PM , PWM )

Frequency deviatio n: 1 kHz
Modulation amplitude d epth: 100%
Phase deviation: 180°
Pulse width deviation: 50%
Modulation frequency: 1 kHz
Modulation waveform : sine
Trigger s ourc e: internal

-25-

5.19. 3. F requency shift keying function

Hop f requ ency: 4 k Hz
Hop rate: 1 kHz
Modulation waveform : square
Trigger s ourc e: internal

5.19. 4. F requency sweeping function

Start frequenc y: 100H
End f requency: 1 kHz
Sweep tim e: 3s
Sweep mode: linearity
Trigger s ourc e: Int ernal

5.19. 5. Burst

Repea ted period: 10 m s
Pulse cou nt: 3
Start phase: 0°
Trigger s ourc e: Internal

5.20. Firmware ver sion

Under CHB tone, press 【 M enu 】key, the firmware vers ion of the generator will be displayed:
xxxx.xx, which is helpful when repair a nd c ould not be set or change.

6. Chapter 5: Specifications (see note 1)

6.1 Output characteristics of C H A and CHB

6.1.1 . Waveform characteristics

Standard waveforms: Sine, Square, Ramp, Pulse, Noise , Exponent, Logarithm , SINC, half-round,
Cardiogram, Quake.

Arbitrary: 5 waveforms

6.1.2 . Sinewav e spectr al purit y

Harmonic distortion: (1Vpp) ≤-40 d Bc (≤5 MH z)
≤-35 dBc（>5MHz)

Total distortion: (20 Hz ~ 20 kHz, 20 Vpp) ≤0.5%

6.1.3 . Square, pulse and Ramp chara cteristics

Edge time of square an d pulse: ≤35ns
Overs hoot: ≤ 10%
Duty cycle of square: 0.1% ~ 99.9% (L imited by edge time)
Pulse width: 100 ns ~ 2000 s
Ramp s ymmetry: 0.0% ~ 100.0 %

6.1.4 . Arbitrary characteristics

Waveform length: 4096 points
Sampling rate: 100 M Sa/s
Amplitude resolution: 10 bits
Bandwidth of filter: 50 MHz
Non-volatile memory: 5 wa veforms

-26-

6.1.5 . Frequency characteristics

Frequency range: Sine: 1 µHz ~ 20 MHz

Squar e, pulse: 1 µHz ~ 5 MHz

Others: 1 µHz ~ 1 MHz
Frequency resolution: 1 µHz, 6 digits
Frequency accuracy: ±20 ppm

6.1.6 . Am plitude chara cteristics(Auto-attenuation, offset 0 Vdc)

Amplitude range: Freque ncy ≤8 MHz: 0 ~ 10 Vpp (50 Ω l oad)

0 ~ 20 Vpp (open-c ircuit load)

Frequency >8 MHz: 0 ~9 Vpp (50 Ω load)

0 ~ 18 Vpp (open-c ircuit load)
Amplitude resolution: 2 mVpp (Am plitude＞2 Vpp)

0.2 m Vpp (Amplitude ≤2 Vpp)
Amplitude accuracy
(1 kHz, >5 mVrms,

auto attenuation): ±(settin g×1% ＋2 m Vrms)
Amplitude flatness

(Sine wave, com pared
to 1 MHz, 5 Vpp): ±10％

6.1.7 . Offset characte ristics (ampl itude 0Vpp)

Offset range: ±5 VDC (50 Ω load)

±10VDC (ope n-circuit load)
Resolution: 2 mV DC

Offset accurac y: ±(settin g va lue×1%＋20 mV DC)

6.1.8 . Phase characteristics

Output mode: posit ive/opposite
Phase diff erence CHA and CH B: 0° ~ 360°
Resolution: 1°

6.1.9 . Parameter storage characterstics

Non-volatile param eters: 5 groups

6.1.1 0. Output port

Output im pedance: 50 Ω nom inal
Output protec tion: Close output automatically if over-load

6.2. Modulation ch aracteristics of CHA

6.2.1 . FM , AM, PM , PWM

Carri er wavef orm: 16 kinds of waveform s including sine, square, Ram p an d so on (only pu lse is
applicable to PWM)

Modulation waveform : 16 k inds of waveforms including sine, square, Ramp and so o n
Modulation frequency: 2 mHz ~ 20 k H z
Frequency deviatio n: 1 µHz ~ 20 MHz
Modulation amplitude d epth: 0% ~ 120%
Phase deviation: 0° ~ 360°
Pulse width deviation: 0% ~ 99%
Modulation source: internal/external

6.2.2 . FSK

Carri er wavef orm: 16 kinds of waveforms including sine, square, Ramp and so on
Modulation waveform : square
FSK rate: 1 m Hz ~ 100 kHz
Hop f requ ency: 1 µHz ~ 20 MHz
Trigger s ourc e: internal/exter nal

-27-

6.3. Frequency sweeping charact eristics of CH A

Sweeping wavef orm: 16 k inds of waveforms of sine, sq uare , Ram p and so on.

Sweeping range: Start and stop f requency can be set arbitraril y
Sweeping time: 50 ms to 500 s
Sweeping m ode: linearit y, logarithm
Trigger s ourc e: internal/external/ single

6.4. Burst ch aracteristics of CHA

Waveform: 16 kinds of waveforms including sine, square, Ramp and so o n
Repea ted period: 1 µs ~ 500 s
Pulse cou nt: 1 ~ 1000000
Start phase: 0° ~ 360°
Trigger s ourc e: internal/external/single

6.5. Sync output characteristic s

6.5.1 . Waveform characteristics

Squar e, edge time≤20nS

6.5.2 . Level characteristics

TTL compatible

6.5.3 . Im pedance characteristics

50 Ω nominal

6.6. Modulation input

6.6.1 . Input voltage

5 Vpp full sc ale

6.6.2 . Input impedance

>10 k Ω

6.7. Trigger input

6.7.1 . Input level

TTL compatible

6.7.2 . Input impedance

>10kΩ

6.8. Frequency measurement

6.8.1 . Input frequency

1 Hz ~ 100 MHz

6.8.2 . Input amplitude
100 m Vrms ~ 7 Vrms

6.8.3 . Strobe time

50 ms ~ 5 s

6.9. Programmable interface

USB device interface, USB host interface

-28-

6.10. Gen eral char acte ristics

6.10. 1. Power cond ition

Voltage: AC 10 0 ~ 240 V
Frequency: 45 ~ 65 Hz
Power consumption: <30 VA

6.10. 2. Environment co nditions

Temperature: 0 ~ 40°C
Humidity: <80%

6.10. 3. Operation char acteristics

Fully key operation, c ontinuously adjust with adjusting knob.

6.10. 4. Display

VFD fluorescence displ ay screen

6.10. 5. Dimension

dimension: 322 mm×256 mm×102 mm
weight: 1.5 kg

6.10. 6. T echnique

Surface-m ount tech nolo gy, large scale integrated circuit, high reliabilit y, long service life.

Note 1:
The test of the specifications should be done around tem perature of 18°C to 28°C, after
30 minutes of booting.

All rights, also for translation, reprinting and copy of this manual or parts are reserved.
Reproduction of all kinds (photocopy, microfilm or other) only by written permission of the publisher.

This manual considers the latest technical knowing. Technical alterations reserved.

We herewith confirm, that the units are calibrated by the factory according to the specifications as per the
technical specifications.

We recommend to calibrate the unit again, after one year.

© PeakTech® 03/2012/Ho.

PeakTech Prüf-und Messtechnik GmbH - Kornkamp 32 - DE-22926 Ahrensburg / Germany

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