PCRmax Streptococcus pneumoniae Instruction Manual
alpha-fucosidase gene
Streptococcus
pneumoniae
PCRmax Ltd qPCR test
TM
150 tests
For general laboratory and research use only
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Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a Gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic
diplococcus bacterium and a members of the genus Streptococcus. A significant human
pathogen, S. pneumoniae was recognized as a major cause of pneumonia in the late 19th
century and is the subject of many humoral immunity studies.
Despite the name, the organism causes many types of infection other than pneumonia,
including acute sinusitis, otitis media, meningitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis,
endocarditis, peritonitis, pericarditis, cellulitis, and brain abscess.
S. pneumoniae is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults and children,
and is one of the top two isolates found in otitis media. Pneumococcal pneumonia is more
common in the very young and the very old.
S. pneumoniae can be differentiated from Streptococcus viridans, which is also alpha
hemolytic, using an optochin test, as S. pneumoniae is optochin sensitive. The
encapsulated, gram-positive coccoid bacteria have a distinctive morphology on gram stain,
the so-called, "lancet shape." It has a polysaccharide capsule that acts as a virulence
factor for the organism; 91 different capsular types are known, and these types differ in
virulence, prevalence, and extent of drug resistance.
S. pneumoniae has several virulence factors, including the polysaccharide capsule
mentioned earlier, that help it evade a host's immune system. It has pneumococcal surface
proteins that inhibit complement-mediated opsonization, and it secretes IgA1 protease that
will destroy secretory IgA produced by the body.
The risk of pneumococcal infection is much increased in persons with impaired IgG
synthesis, impaired phagocytosis, or defective clearance of pneumococci. In particular, the
absence of a functional spleen, through congenital asplenia, splenectomy, or sickle-cell
disease predisposes one to a more severe course of infection (Overwhelming postsplenectomy infection) and prevention measures are indicated (see asplenia).
Introduction to Streptococcus pneumoniae
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MIN
MAX
The primers and probe sequences in this kit have 100% homology with a broad range of
clinically relevant reference sequences based on a comprehensive bioinformatics
analysis.
The PCR Max qPCR Kit for Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pneumoniae) genomes is
designed for the in vitro quantification of S.pneumoniae genomes. The kit is designed to
have the broadest detection profile possible whilst remaining specific to the S.pneumoniae
genome.
The primers and probe sequences in this kit have 100% homology with a broad range of
S.pneumoniae sequences based on a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis.
If you require further information, or have a specific question about the detection profile of
this kit then please send an e.mail to help@pcrmax.com and our bioinformatics team will
answer your question.
Specificity
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Kit Contents
• S.pneumoniae specific primer/probe mix (150 reactions BROWN)
FAM labelled
• S.pneumoniae positive control template (for Standard curve RED)
• Internal extraction control primer/probe mix (150 reactions BROWN)
VIC labelled as standard
• Internal extraction control DNA (150 reactions BLUE)
• Endogenous control primer/probe mix (150 reactions BROWN)
FAM labelled
• RNAse/DNAse free water (WHITE)
for resuspension of primer/probe mixes and internal extraction control DNA
• Template preparation buffer (YELLOW)
for resuspension of positive control template and standard curve preparation
Reagents and equipment to be supplied by the user
Real-Time PCR Instrument
DNA extraction kit
This kit designed to work well with all processes that yield high quality DNA with minimal
PCR inhibitors.
Lyophilised 2x qPCR Mastermix
This kit is designed to be compatible with all commercially available Mastermixes that run
with standard cycling conditions.
Pipettors and Tips
Vortex and centrifuge
Thin walled 1.5 ml PCR reaction tubes
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