PCRmax Giardia intestinalis (human infections) Instruction Manual

ghd gene

Giardia intestinalis

PCRmax Ltd qPCR test

TM

150 tests

For general laboratory and research use only

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Giardiasis is a major diarrheal disease found throughout the world. The flagellate
protozoan Giardia intestinalis (also known as Giardia lamblia), its causative agent, is the
most commonly identified intestinal parasite in the United States and the most common
protozoal intestinal parasite isolated worldwide.

Giardiasis usually represents a zoonosis with cross-infectivity between animals and
humans. Giardia has been isolated from the stools of beavers, dogs, cats, rodents, sheep,
and cattle. Within Giardia intestinalis there are 7 assemblages, A, B, C, D, E, F, and the
more rarely occuring G. Of these, only assemblages A and B can infect humans, whereas,
a range of animals can be infected by assemblages A-G.

Giardiasis is caused by ingestion of Giardia cysts, which retain viability in cold water for as
long as 2-3 months. The infective dose is low in humans; 10-25 cysts are capable of
causing clinical disease in 8 of 25 subjects. Ingestion of more than 25 cysts results in a
100% infection rate. After ingestion of cysts, excystation, trophozoite multiplication, and
colonization of the upper small bowel occur.

Most infections result from fecal-oral transmission or ingestion of contaminated water.
Contaminated food is a less common etiology. Person-to-person spread is common, with
25% of family members with infected children themselves becoming infected.

Most infections are asymptomatic, and the attack rate for symptomatic infection in the
natural setting varies from 5-70%. Giardia is found in healthy people in endemic areas and
in symptomatic carrier states with high numbers of cysts excreted in stools common.

Predisposing factors to symptomatic infection include hypochlorhydria, various immune
system deficiencies, blood group A, and malnutrition. The incubation period averages 1-2
weeks, with a mean of 9 days. The average duration of symptoms in all ages ranges from
3-10 weeks.

Introduction to Giardia intestinalis

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MIN

MAX

Our kit for Giardia intestinalis (also called Giardia lamblia) genomes is designed for the in
vitro quantification of Giardia intestinalis assemblages that are known to affect humans.
This includes assemblages A and B only. As such the primers have 100% homology with
all assemblages known to infect humans. The primers and probe do not detect other
species of Giardia or other assemblages of Giardia intestinalis.

The PCR Max qPCR Kit for Giardia intestinalis (G.intestinalis) genomes is designed for the
in vitro quantification of G.intestinalis genomes. The kit is designed to have the broadest
detection profile possible whilst remaining specific to the G.intestinalis genome.

The primers and probe sequences in this kit have 100% homology with a broad range of
G.intestinalis sequences based on a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis.

If you require further information, or have a specific question about the detection profile of
this kit then please send an e.mail to [e-mail] and our bioinformatics team will
answer your question.

Specificity

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Kit Contents

• G.intestinalis specific primer/probe mix (150 reactions BROWN)

FAM labelled

• G.intestinalis positive control template (for Standard curve RED)

• Internal extraction control primer/probe mix (150 reactions BROWN)

VIC labelled as standard

• Internal extraction control DNA (150 reactions BLUE)

• Endogenous control primer/probe mix (150 reactions BROWN)

FAM labelled

• RNAse/DNAse free water (WHITE)

for resuspension of primer/probe mixes and internal extraction control DNA

• Template preparation buffer (YELLOW)

for resuspension of positive control template and standard curve preparation

Reagents and equipment to be supplied by the user

Real-Time PCR Instrument

DNA extraction kit

This kit designed to work well with all processes that yield high quality DNA with minimal
PCR inhibitors.

Lyophilised 2x qPCR Mastermix

This kit is designed to be compatible with all commercially available Mastermixes that run
with standard cycling conditions.

Pipettors and Tips

Vortex and centrifuge

Thin walled 1.5 ml PCR reaction tubes

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