PCE Instruments PCE-VM 3D Users guide

Manual

Vibration Analyzer
PCE-VM 3D

PCE Americas Inc.
711 Commerce Way
Suite 8
Jupiter
FL-33458
USA
From outside US: +1
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
[e-mail]

www.pce-instruments.com/english

www.pce-instruments.com

PCE Instruments UK Ltd.

Southpoint Business Park

Hampshire / Southampton

United Kingdom, SO31 4RF

[e-mail]

Units 12/13

Ensign way

From outside UK: +44

Tel: [phone]

Fax: [phone]

I N S T R U C T I O N M A N U A L

1. FEATURES

* Uses p ie zoelectric acce leration transd uc er to convert vibra ti on signal.
* In acc or dance with ISO 2954 ,G B13823.3, used fo r pe riodic measurem ents,
to det ec t out-of-balanc e, misalignment an d ot her mechanical fa ults in rotating
mach in es.
* Spec ia lly designed for ea sy o n site vibration me asurement of all ro ta ting
mach in ery for quality con tr ol, commissioni ng, and predictiv e ma intenance
purp os es.
* 3 acce le rators in 1 sensor fo r 3- axis vibration me asurement.
* 3 same p ar ameters in one disp la y for 3 dimensional m easurement or 1
dime ns ional measureme nt specified, sho wi ng 3 diffe rent parameters o f
velo ci ty, acc el eration and displ acement in 1 displa y.
* Bear in g condition monit or ing function.
* LCD di gi tal display with ba ck l ight.
* Ligh tw eight and easy to use .
* Wide f re quency range (10H z. ~10kHz.)
* Autom at ic power shut off to conserve p ower.
* AC outp ut s ocket for headpho ne s and recording .
* Opti on al headphones for u se a s electronic stet ho scope.

2. TECHNICAL PARAMETERS

Vibrati on S en so r: 3-Axis Piezoelec tr ic a cc elerometer
Display: 4 digit LC D ba ck li t
Axial Vib ra ti on : any one axis of X , Y, Z or 3 axes o f XY Z
Accuracy: 5% of rea di ng + 2 d ig its

Measurement Range:

Displacement: 0 .0 01 -4 .000mm Equivale nt P ea k- Peak; 0.04-160.0 mi l ,
Acceleration: 0.1 -4 00 .0 m/s Equivalent Pea k; 0 .3 -1312 ft/s ; 0.0-40g
Velocity: 0.01-4 00 .0 m m/s True RMS; 0.000-16 .0 0 in ch /s

Frequency Range:

Displacement: 1 0H z. ~ 1 0k Hz.
Acceleration: 10H z. ~ 1 0k Hz

Velocity:10Hz. ~ 10 kH z.
Metric/ Imperia l co nv er sion
Analogue Output : AC ou tp ut 0 ~2.0V peak full sca le (l oa d resistance: above 1 0k )
With Max. value hol d an d lo w ba ttery indication
PC interface: RS2 32 C ( Ca bl e is not included)
Power off : M an ua l off at any time o r au to p ow er off is enabl ed b y us er

Operating conditions:

Temperature : 0-50 C
Humidity : below 95 % RH
Power supply: 2x1 .5 vA A (UM -3)Battery
Size:130x70x30m m
Weight: 3 05 g (N ot i ncluding Batterie s)

Standard Accessories:

* Powerful rare ear th m ag ne t ........... .. .. ............. .1 pc .

* 3 Piezoelectric a cc el er ometers in 1 sensor ... .. .. ..1pc.

* Stinger probe (Co ne ) .. ............. .. .. ........... .. .. ....1pc.

* Stinger probe (Ba ll ) .. ............. .. .. ........... .. .. .......1pc.

* Carrying case ... .. .. ........... .. .. ............. .. ............1 pc .

* Operational ins tr uc ti on manual ....... .. .. ........... .. 1p c.

2 2

3. PARTS INTRODUCTION

SV

3D VIB RATION SE NSOR

X

Z

Y

3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 3-6

Figure 3.1

3-1 Ma in B ody
3-2 St in ger Probe (Cone)
3-3 St in ger Probe (Ball)

3-4 3D Vibrati on S ensor
3-5 Bo lt
3-6 Ma gn etic Base

Acco rd ing to different situatio ns, the transduce rs m aybe fixed in the pro be o r
conn ec ted to the magnetic b as e. (see chapter 4 in de ta il)

4. DISPLAY INTRODUCTION

4-14-2

4-3
4-4

4-5

4-6

4-7

4-8

4-9

4-1 3- ax is indication
4-2 Lo w ba ttery indicatio n
4-3 Z- ax is
4-4 Vel oc ity
4-5 X- ax is
4-6 Acc el eration

4-10

Figure 4.1

4-10

4-11

SV

4-7 Ma x va lue hold
4-8 Y-ax is
4-9 Di sp lacement
4-10

Meas ur ing value

4-11

Meas ur ing unit

4-12 Au to p ower off is enabled

4-12

4.1 Installation Principle

The te st ing position shou ld s how the vibration c ha racters of the obje ct to be
test ed .
The ma in a xis of the transduc er s should be consist ent with the directio n of
the ob je ct to be tested
The se ns or should be in close c on tact with the objec t to b e tested.

4.2 Install Method

Method

Contrast

Cost

Affection on
the re su lt

Conv en ience

4.2.1 Installed With Bolt

Appl ic ation range: Scre w ey e has no influenc e on t he running of the obj ec t
bein g te sted. Usage: Dril l a sc rew eye 5mm deep in the o bject being tested.
Conn ec t the sensor to the obj ec t by bolts (see Figur e 4. 2). And this is the
meth od t hat the frequency r es ponse is best.

Install with
Bolts

None

None

Not go od

Install with
Magnetic base

Low

When r ou ghness is
wors e th an Ra1.6,
the re su lt maybe
not st ab le

Good

Install with
Probe

low

When c ar ing about
acce le ration and the
vibr at ion frequency is
high er t han 1KHz, the
resu lt w ill be smaller.

Best

Surf ac e

√

Ⅹ

The bo lt d rills through the o bj ect being tested

Figure 4.2

Thic kn ess 8

Vibration se nsor

Bolt M 5

Obje ct B eing tested

4.2.2 Installed With Magnetic Base

Appl ic ation range: Magn et ic, flat surface, r ou ghness less than Ra 1.6,
acce le ration less than 20 m/ .
Usag e: c onnect the vibrat io n sensor with magne tic base with the M5 bo lt
incl ud ed. And then place the m ag netic base to the obj ect to be tested. Pleas e
refe r th e below.

2

s

Vib rat ion tra nsd uce r

√

Surfa ce

The sur fa ce is sli ck and fl at The sur fa ce is rou gh The sur fa ce is une ven

4.2.3 Installed With Probe

Appl ic ations Range: Fre qu ency is less than 1 KH z and vibration ene rg y is not
smal l. U sage: Connect the n ee dle to the sensor dir ectly by using prob e
grou pw are.(see Figure 4 .4 )

Bol t M5

Magne tic b ase

Obj ect bei ng tested

Figure 4.3

Ⅹ

Hold

Vib ra tion se nsor

Ⅹ

√

probe /n eedle

Surfa ce

Objec t be ing tes ted

Formi ng righ t angle s bet we en th e ne edl e and the s urfac e

Ⅹ

The nee dl e makes t he
surfa ce d istor tion

Ⅹ Ⅹ

The mas s is too sma ll Formi ng b evel be tween t he

Figure 4.4

needl e an d the sur face

5. GETTING STARTED

5.1 Connecting the sensor

a. Not e th at this meter accep ts o nly the supplied vi br ation sensor.
b. Plu g th e connector side of t he s ensor into the plug a t th e top of the meter.
c. The sensor ca n be c onnected to the mac hinery under test i n th ree ways.
Plea se r efer the blow.

Stinger Probe Installed with bolt Magnetic Base

5.2 Power ON-OFF

a. Pre ss t he POWER button to turn t he meter ON or OFF.
b. The meter is eq ui pped with an automa tic power off utility that co ns erves
batt er y life. If the meter is l ef t inactive for 30 min ut es it will automati ca lly turn
off. The automatic pow er off u ti lity is enabled or di sa bled by pressin g an d hold
the vo lu me key for 5s. The symbol ‘SV ’ showing on the dis play indicates au to
powe r off util it y is enabled. Other wise, disabled if n ot s howing ‘SV’.

5.3 How to set coordinate axis

Ther e ar e 4 choices of X, Y, Z, XY Z. Any one co or dinate axis of X or Y or Z with
3 para me ters of velocity, accelera tion and displace me nt showing on one
disp la y can be selected. Or 3 -a xis of X-Y-Z wi th a ny one parameter of v el ocity
or acc el eration or displa cement can be selec te d. The c ur rently selected
coor di nate axis is shown on t he m eter’s LC D. E very time to press th e
X / Y/ Z / XYZ key, the selected ax is i s changed. Please p ay attention to the
axes m ar ked on the 3 dimensio na l sensor. See belo w.

Front ( A )

5.4 Function Selection

Func ti on key is only valid in t he 3 -axis mode and used t o se lect the parame te r
to be me as ured. Th e currently selec ted parameter is sh ow n on the meter’s
LCD. To change the p arameter, just pre ss a nd release the FUNC TI ON key.
ACC me an s ‘Acceleration ’ measuremen t mo de.
VEL means ‘Velocity’ measurement mo de.
DISP means ‘Di sp lacement’ me asurement mode.

5.5 Unit Conversion

The cu rr ently selected un it o f measure is shown on t he m eter’s LC D. To
chan ge t he unit of measure, p re ss the UNIT key.

X ( B )

Z ( C )

Y ( D )

FUNCTION

VEL

(RMS )

ACC

(Pea k)

DISP

(Pea k- Peak)

UNIT

mm/s

Inch /s

2

m/s

g

2

ft/s

mm

mil

NOTE

mill im eters per second

inch /s i nches per second

mete r pe r second squared

g-fo rc e

feet p er s econd squared

mill im eters

one th ou sandth of an inch

5.6 MAX HOLD

To freez e ma ximum values, jus t pr ess the Hold key, a symbol ‘Ma x’ shows on
the di sp lay. Th e me ter will hold the m ax v alue measured. To exi t HO LD, press
the HO LD k ey again.

5.7 Filter (only valid in acceleration mode)

To diagn os e faulty bearings , the high frequenc y 10 k mode (accelerat ion only)
is use d, a nd by using the optio na l headphones, t he i nstrument can be us ed as
an ele ct ronic stethosco pe a nd noise from abn or mal bearings can be
moni to red.

5.8 Analogue output

This A C si gnal can output to re co rder or headpho ne t o listen for any dist in ct
patt er ns or noises. Liste ni ng method will he lp t o locate the defect iv e
mach in ery or bearing qu ic kly. Me as ure all machine s at t he same points and
comp ar e the results. The so un d volume can be adj us ted by Volume key. There
are 8 le ve ls from 1 to 8 to select. T he l evel 1 is the lowest am pl itude while the
leve l 8 is t he maximum amplit ude of output signa l. To ex it volume setting ,
simp ly w ait 5s for the meter to a ut omatically swit ch t o the normal measur ing
mode.

6. AN INTRODUCTION TO VIBRATION MEASUREMENT Vibration

is a reliable indicator of the mechanical health or condition of a particular machine or
product. An ideal machine will have very little or no vibration indicating that the motor,
as well as peripheral devices such as gearboxes, fans, compressors, etc.,are suitably
balanced, aligned, and well installed. In practice, a very high percentage of
installations are far from ideal , the results of misalignment and imbalance exerting
added strain on supporting components such as bearings. Eventually this leads to
added stress and wear on critical components, resulting in inefficiency, heat
generation and breakdowns. This often occurs at the most inconvenient or
uneconomical

time s, causing cost ly p roduction dow n time. As parts of me chanical equi pment
wear a nd deteriorat e, t he equipmen t vi bration incre ases.
Moni toring the vibr at ion of healthy me chanical equi pment on an ongoi ng bas
is, de te cts any deterio ration long bef ore it becomes a cr itical proble m,
allo wing spares to be o rdered in advan ce and maintena nc e to be planned
only w hen necessary. In this w ay s tocks of expens ive and unneces sary
spar es can be reduced w ith obvious fin an cial benefits .
Unsc heduled break downs result in p ro duction los se s and the faulty
equi pment is usuall y re paired hast il y to get producti on going as quick ly as
poss ible. Under the se s tressful cond itions staffs are not a lways able to do
repa irs correctly r eg ardless of how co nscientious t hey are, result ing in a high
prob ability of furt he r early equip me nt failure.
By imp lementing a pre dictive maint en ance progra m wi th regular
meas urements of cri ti cal factors lik e vibration, do wntime can not on ly be
redu ced, but planne d ma intenance i s mo re eff ective, resul ting in improve d
prod uct quality and g re ater produc ti vity.

6.1 Which Parameters Should be Measured?

Acce leration, vel oc ity, an d displacemen t are the three tri ed and tested
para meters, which g iv e accurate an d re peatable resu lts?
Veloc ity is the most com mo nly used vibr at ion parameter. I t is used for
vibr ation severit y me asurements in a ccordance wit h ISO 2372, BS 4675 o r
VDI 20 56, which are gui de lines for acc ep table vibrati on levels of mach inery
in differe nt power categori es. See Appendix .
Acce leration has ex cellent high fr eq uency measure ment capabili ties, and is
ther efore very effective fo r determining f aults in bearin gs or gearboxes .
Disp lacement is typ ic ally used on lo w- speed machi ne s because of its go od
low fr equency respo ns e, and is relativ ely ineffective whe n monitoring
bear ings.

6.2 Evaluating the Overall Vibration Measurements

Thre e general princ iples are commo nly used to evalu at e your vibratio n
meas urement value s:
ISO 2372 (10816) Standard Comparison - C om pare values t o th e limits
esta blished in the IS O 23 72 (10816) Stan dard.
Trend Comparison - Compa re current valu es with values of B aseline for the
same P oints over a peri od of time.
Comparison with Other Machinery - Meas ur e several mac hi nes of a simila r
type u nder the same con di tions and jud ge t he results by mut ual compariso n.
If pos si ble, you shou ld u se all three comp arisons to eval uate your
mach inery’s condition . IS O 2372 (10816) an d trend compari sons should
alwa ys be used.

ISO 2372 (10816) Standard Comparison

The IS O 23 72 (10816) Stan dards provide g uidance for eva luating vibra tion
seve rity in machine s operating in th e 10 t o 200 Hz (600 to 12,0 00 RPM)
freq uency range. Ex am ples of these typ es of machines ar e small, direct ­coup led, electric m ot ors and pumps, pr oduction moto rs, medium moto rs ,
gene rators, steam a nd g as turbines, tu rbo-compres sors, turbo-p umps and
fans . So me of these mac hi nes can be couple d rigidly or flex ibly, or connected
thro ugh gears. The axis of th e ro tating shaft ma y be horizontal , vertical or
incl ined at any angle .

6.3 Measurement Techniques

In gen er al, vibration of an ti -friction beari ng s is best monitored i n the load zone
of the b ea ring. Equipment d es ign often limits th e ab ility to collect da ta i n this
zone . Si mply select the Mea su rement Point whic h gives the best sign al . Avoid
pain te d surfaces, unloa de d bearing zones , ho using splits, and s tr uctural gaps.
When m ea suring vibratio n wi th a hand-held se ns or, it is very importa nt t o
coll ec t consistent read in gs, paying close at te ntion to the sensor ’s position o n
the ma ch inery, th e sensor’s an gle to the machiner y, and th e co ntact pressure
with w hi ch the sensor is held o n th e machinery.
. Loca ti on - always collect a t th e same point on the mac hi ne. Mark location s.
. Posi ti on - Vib ra tion should be meas ured in three direc ti ons:
A axial d ir ection; H horizon ta l direction; V vert ical direction
Plea se d efine A, H, V as X, Y, Z axes respect iv ely.

. Angle - Al wa ys perpendicu la r to the surface (90°±1 0°).
. Pres su re - Even, consiste nt h and pressure must b e us ed (firm, but not so
firm a s to d ampen the vibrati on s ignal). For best re su lts ,use the magnet ic
base . If u sing the stinger/ pr obe is the only metho d av ailable to collec t data, it
is bes t to u se a punch to mark the lo ca tion for the probe- ti p to ensure a
cons is tent coupling to th e ho using.

7. BATTERY REPLACEMENT

7.1 Wh en t he battery symbol a pp ears on the display, it is time to r ep lace the
batt er y.7.2 S li de the Battery Cove r aw ay from the instrum en t and remove the
batt er ies.

7.3 In st all batteries pay in g careful attenti on t o polarity.

8. APPENDIX: VIBRATION STANDARDS

A. Rank of machine vibration (ISO 2372)

Vibration

Amplitude

Vibration

Velocity

V rms (mm/s)

0~0. 28

0.28 ~0 .45

0.45 ~0 .71

0.71 ~1 .12

1.12 ~1 .8

1.8~ 2. 8

2.8~ 4. 5

4.5~ 7. 1

7.1~ 11.2

11.2~18
18~2 8
28~4 5

＞45

I II III IIII

A

B

C

D

Machine sort

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

Note :
(1)“ Cl ass I” is small motor ( p ow er less than 15 kw). “C la ss II” is medium
moto r (p ower between 15 ~75 kw ). “Class III” is hig h po wer motor (hard bas e).
“Cla ss I III” is high power mo to r (stretch base).
(2)A ,B ,C,D are vibratio n Ra nk. “A” means good, “ B” m eans satisfying , “C ”
mean s no t satisfying, “D” m ea ns forbidden. Vibrati on v elocity should be t ak en
from t he t hree perpendicu la r axes on the motor she ll .

B. ISO/IS2373 Motor quality standard according as vibration velocity

H: high of shaft (mm)

Quality

rank

Normal

Good ( R)

Excellent (S)

Limi t of r ank “N” is suitable f or c ommon motor. When th e re quest is higher
than t ha t in the table, limit can b e gotten by dividin g th e limit of rank 'S' wit h

1.6 or m ul tiples of 1.6.

C. Maximum vibration of motor that power larger than 1 horsepower.
(NEMA MG1-12.05)

Rev (rpm)

600~ 36 00

600~ 18 00

1800 ~3 600

600~ 18 00

1800 ~3 600

Maximum vibration velocity (rms)

(mm/s)

80＜H＜132

1.8

0.71

1.12

0.45

0.71

132＜H＜22 5

2.8

1.12

1.8

0.71

1.12

225＜H＜40

0

4.5

1.8

2.8

1.12

1.8

Rev (rpm)

3000 ~4 000

1500 ~2 999

1000 ~1 499

≤999

For AC mo to r, rev is maximum sync hr onous rev. For DC motor, it is maxi mum
powe r re v. For mo to r in series, it is work r ev.

D. Maximum vibration of high power induction drive motor.
(NEMA MG1-20.52)

Rev (rpm)

≥3000

1500 ~2 999

1000 ~1 499

≤999

Nati on al Electric Manuf ac turers Associati on (NEMA)
Esta bl ishes two standar ds a bove.

Displacement

(P-P) (um)

25.4

38.1

50.8

63.6

Displacement

(P-P) (um)

25.4

50.8

63.6

76.2

E. Troubleshooting

Vibration
frequency

Synchronous

*

f

with

s

Double Mechanical loose

f

s

Most possible
reason

Imbalance

Other possible reason

1. Eccentric of gea r, be lt
sheave and bush.

2. Shaft is not in the mi dd le
or curving (if vibr at io n on
the shaft directi on i s hi gh ).

3. Belt fault

4. Syntony

5. Reciprocate fo rc e

1. Shaft is not in the mi dd le
or curing ( if vibrat io n on
the shaft directi on i s hi gh ).

2. Belt fault

3. Syntony

4. Reciprocate fo rc e

Note

Tri pl e

N multiple of

Synchronous
with power
frequency

Double the po we r
frequency

High frequency
( not multiple of
)f

s

* Is the frequency according with the rev of main shaft.

f

s

f

s

f

s

Not in middle

Gear fault, liqui d
force, mechanic al
loose, reciprocat in g
force.

Oil film eddy
turbulence

Armature fault

Torsional impulse

Shaft is not
lubricate

f

1 x N x ( N is the tooth
number of the fault g ea r ).
2 x N x ( N is the paddle
number of the fault p um p
or fan ).

1. Drive belt fault

2. Interferenti al v ib ra tion

3. Beat frequency

Electric fault su ch a s ro to r
broken, rotor ecc en tr ic ,
there phase imbalan ce a nd
air clearance not sym me tr y.

1. Cavitations an d
turbulent flow.

2. Frictional for ce .

s

f

s

If loo se i s worse,
ther e ma ybe
high er m ultiple
freq ue ncy.

Seldom

Amplitude and
frequency of
vibration are
always not steady