PBU 2717BCATCL, 08992B, 08993B Operator's Manual

Propane Floor Burnisher

with Dust Control

Operator's Manual

Manuel d'utilisation

Libro de Instrucciones

U.S. Patent No. 7,162,771

READ THIS BOOK LEA ESTE MANUAL LISEZ CE MANUEL

This book has important information for the use and safe operation of this machine. Failure to read this book prior to operating or attempting any service or maintenance procedure to your machine could result in injury to you or to other personnel; damage to the machine or to other property could occur as well. You must have training in the operation of this machine before using it. If your operator(s) cannot read this manual, have it explained fully before attempting to operate this machine.

All directions given in this book are as seen from the operator’s position at the rear of the machine.

PBU Models: 08992B (2117BCATCL), 08993B (2717BCATCL)

EN ES FR

English (2 - 17) Español (18 - 33) Français (34 - 49)

Form No. 71504A 7/08 revised 1/10 Printed in the U.S.A.

ENGLISH

Engine Emissions & CO Safety ........................................................................... 2

Specification Table .............................................................................................10

Operator Safety Instructions .............................................................................. 11

Introduction ........................................................................................................12

Propane Safety Information................................................................................ 13

How to Operate the Machine .............................................................................14

Maintenance and Adjustments ...........................................................................15

Carb Gard Operation .........................................................................................16

Trouble Shooting ................................................................................................ 17

SECTION II - Parts Manual

21" Final Assembly ............................................................................................52

27" Final Assembly ............................................................................................53

Carrier Assembly and Parts List ........................................................................ 54

Handle Assembly and Parts List ........................................................................55

Control Box Assembly and Parts List ................................................................56

Dust Containment Assembly and Parts List ......................................................57

Drive/Wheel/Casting Assembly ......................................................................... 58

Parts List ..................................................................................................59

21" Driver Assembly and Parts List ...................................................................60

27" Driver Assembly and Parts List ...................................................................61

Fuel Assembly and Parts List ............................................................................62

Engine Assembly and Parts List ........................................................................ 63

Engine Assembly and Parts List (Kawasaki FH 381 V "V" Twin) ......................64

Electrical Schematic ..........................................................................................66

Table of Contents

DANGER: It is the owner/operator's responsibility to ensure that the air-exchange system

installed in any location where a propane floor care machine is being operated is of sufficient capacity and quality to support the use of such a machine. OSHA and other County, State, or Federal Agencies publish guidelines on this subject that are usually most readily found in the possession of the respective owners and/or parent companies of any location or chain of locations. Failure on the part of the owner/operator to ensure that a propane floor care machine can be operated safely in a given location may lead to injury, sickness or even loss of life.

This Owner's Manual/Safety Procedures Guide has been prepared for the promotion of educational purposes only and does not claim or assume any responsibility for the operator's actions or safety. To be completely aware of what local authorities may require, contact the Fire Marshal of your community.

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Engine Emissions and CO Safety

The purpose of this document is to provide information on:

· The potential effects of CO exposure;

· The methods to reduce the risk of CO poisoning;

· The methods used to determine the amount of potential exposure to CO produced by equipment.

DANGER: All LPG (Liquid Propane Gas) powered engines, including this engine, produce Carbon Monoxide (CO). It is a LETHAL POISON that is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and non-irritating gas. It is produced by incomplete combustion of carbonaceous material such as propane (LPG).

Failure to provide for proper venting of CO produced during the operation of combustion powered engines may result in SERIOUS INJURY OR DEATH to the operator and those in the contaminated area.

The effects of CO can be experienced at different exposure levels, depending on the health of the individual. Conditions that affect the tolerance of the individual are smoking, age, temperature, humidity, and other conditions.

WARNING: Read and understand The Operators Manual completely before using this machine

This document explains how CO produced can be managed to reduce the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning.

All distributors, owners, and operators should be aware of the potential effects of CO and the methods used to prevent over exposure.

We are dedicated to our customers, their safety, and providing information, services, and products that meet those needs.

Information provided in this document is current as of the date written November 1997.

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Document Overview

The information provided in the following overview has been condensed to provide the reader with a summary of the material presented.

Potential Effects of CO Exposure

• Work place/industry guidelines for CO exposure limits vary substantially from region to region

(OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for CO is 50 ppm, as an 8-hour time weighted average.

• Definition of CO effects - The toxic effects of carbon monoxide in the blood are the result of tissue

hypoxia (lack of oxygen). The severity depends on the state of activity of the individual and his tissue oxygen needs.

Methods to Reduce The Risks of CO Poisoning

• Air Exchange and CO Diffusion - CO does not mix with air on its own. Air currents can “stir” the CO

and dilute the concentration values by mixing it with the available air. When using equipment over a large area in a short time “stirring” occurs as you walk.

• Application Considerations (Burnishing versus Stripping) - When activity is concentrated to a smaller

area as in a stripping application, air “stirring” must be forced by the use of fans to reduce the risk of high concentrations of CO.

• Air Quality Monitoring – Deployment of a monitor/detector is essential for the safe operation of any

equipment that has the potential to produce CO.

• Room Size and Time Estimations - The concentration and volume of CO production, the size of the

area and the amount of air exchange are factors involved with determining safe time limits for operation in a specific room size.

• Maintenance of Equipment - LPG engines are dependent on engine tune up, and air filter replacement.

CO concentration (production) skyrockets when the air to fuel ratio becomes fuel rich. Follow the recommended Maintenance Schedule for the engine.

• Safety Equipment Available. - Envirogard automated fuel to air ratio monitoring and regulation

providing an optimum combustion, three-way type catalytic converter to scrub CO, Hydro Carbons (HC), and Nitrous Oxide (NOx) from the engine exhaust providing the lowest possible emissions, high cubic feet per minute (CFM) fans (forced air mixing), and digital combustion analyzers for tail pipe emissions monitoring.

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Engine Emissions and CO Safety

Potential Effects of CO Exposure

· Work place/industry guidelines for CO exposure limits

· Definition of CO effects

Work place/industry guidelines for CO exposure limits

Limits for permissible exposure to CO vary substantially from region to region. City, State, and Industry require-

ments should be consulted prior to use of any equipment.

The current Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for CO is 50 ppm, as an 8-hour time weighted average (TWA). This is computed by making measurements at intervals over 8 hours, then adding the sums of the concentrations and the intervals, and dividing by 8 hours. For example:

Time Interval PPM 8:00-9:00 1 HR 100 9:00-10:00 1 HR 25 10:00-11:00 1 HR 25 11:00-12:00 1 HR 50 12:00-1:00 1 HR 50 400ppm/8HR=50ppm TWA 1:00-2:00 1 HR 50 2:00-3:00 1 HR 50 3:00-4:00 1 HR 50 Time intervals = 8 HR ppm = 400

The current National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH), immediately dangerous to life and health concentration (IDLH) recommended level for CO is 1,200 ppm. NIOSH defines the IDLH exposure level as the concentration that could result in irreversible health effects or death, or prevent escape from the contaminated environment within 30 minutes.

Definition of CO effects

The toxic effects of carbon monoxide in the blood are the result of tissue hypoxia (lack of oxygen). carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin. Since CO and oxygen react with the same group in the hemoglobin molecule, carboxyhemoglobin is incapable of carrying Oxygen. The affinity of hemoglobin for CO is 200 to 240 times greater than for oxygen. The extent of saturation of hemoglobin with CO depends on the concentration of the gas, the quantity of inspired air and on the time of exposure. The severity depends on the state of activity of the individual and his tissue oxygen needs.

According to Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine 7th edition, no symptoms will develop at a concentration of

0.01% CO (100ppm) in inspired air, since this will not raise blood saturation above 10 %. Exposure to 0.05% (500ppm) for 1 hour during light activity will produce a blood concentration of 20% carboxyhemoglobin and result in a mild or throbbing headache. Greater activity or longer exposure causes a blood saturation of 30 to 50 %. At this point head ache, irritability, confusion, dizziness, visual disturbance, nausea, vomiting, and fainting can be experienced. Exposure for one hour to concentrations of 0.1% (1000ppm) in inspired air the blood will contain 50 to 80% carboxyhemoglobin which results in coma, convulsions, respiratory failure and death. On inhalation of high concentrations of CO, saturation of the blood proceeds so rapidly that unconsciousness may occur suddenly without warning.

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Methods to Reduce The Risks of CO Poisoning

• Air Exchange and CO Diffusion

• Application Considerations (Burnishing versus Stripping)

• Air Quality Monitoring

• Room Size and Time Estimations

• Maintenance of Equipment

• Safety Equipment Available

Air Exchange and CO Diffusion

The most reliable method to prevent CO Poisoning is to ensure all the CO produced is vented outside. With wood

stoves or gas heaters this is performed with ductwork that carries the exhaust and CO outside. Non-stationary combustion type equipment must be used in such a way that CO is not allowed to rise to a harmful or dangerous level.

CO does not readily dissipate or mix with air on its own. Air currents can “stir” the CO and dilute the concentration

or ppm values by mixing it with the available air. When using equipment over a large area in a short time “stirring” occurs as you walk, or to say it another way, your Effective Operating Zone is large. When activity is concentrated to a smaller area as in a stripping application, the Effective Operating Zone is small, and “stirring” must be forced by the use of fans to increase the Effective Operating Zone and reduce high concentrations of CO.

Air exchange rates (air exchange is defined as the exhausting of internal air to the external atmosphere), the size of

the Effective Operating Zone, amount of CO produced, level of human activity, and the duration of exposure are all factors in the determination of the production of carboxyhemoglobin and the amount of CO blood saturation.

Application considerations (Burnishing versus Stripping)

When using equipment over a large area in a short time, as in most burnishing applications, your Effective

Operating Zone is large. When activity is concentrated to a smaller area as in stripping applications, the Effective Operating Zone is small and stirring or CO mixing MUST be forced by the use of fans to increase the Effective Operating Zone and reduce high concentrations of CO.

Caution: air mixing in itself may not be sufficient to reduce CO to a safe level. The Effective Operating Zone can be defined as the area covered in a given time.

Stripping is quite a different type of operation than burnishing, and carries with it substantially more hazards, as

stripping is a low movement operation compared to burnishing (less floor space for the same time). As shown in Model 1, the CO concentrations rise much quicker as the “Effective Operating Zone” is a very small area compared to the total building size.

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Notice the CO concentration and the Effective Operating Zone with air exchange. The CO cloud is still concentrated in a small area. Note the “Dividing Zone” shown above, this is the line where airflow changes direction. In Model 2, air changes are cut in ½ as little or no CO crosses the Dividing Zone to be exhausted.

Notice the CO concentration and the Effective Operating Zone (Expanded to the Dividing zone) with air exchange and forced air mixing. The CO cloud is still concentrated on one side of the Dividing zone. Note the “Dividing Zone” shown above, this is the line where airflow changes direction. In Model 3, air changes are cut in ½ as little or no CO crosses the Dividing Zone to be exhausted.

Notice the CO concentration and the Effective Operating Zone (Expanded through the Dividing zone to the second vent) with air exchange and forced air mixing through the dividing Zone. The CO cloud is diluted with the available air in the building. Note the “Dividing Zone” shown above, this is the line where airflow changes direction. In Model 4, air changes are full as forced air mixing has moved and mixed the CO between all air zones.

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Air Quality Monitoring

Warning: Deployment of a monitor/detector is essential for the safe operation of any equipment that has the potential to produce CO. CO sensors/detectors became available on the mass market around 1978. At present several brands sell in the fifty-dollar range. The main differences between the technologies involved are battery or electric and Semiconductor or Biomimetic types. Detectors for carbon monoxide (CO) are manufactured and marketed for use in either the home or occupational industrial settings. The detectors for home use are devices that will sound an alarm before CO concentrations in the home become hazardous. There is an Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., performance standard (UL 2034) for residential CO detectors. Detectors currently available on the market are battery-powered, plugin, or hard-wired. Some models incorporate a visual display of the parts per million (ppm) concentration of CO present in the home. For more information on CO detectors for home use, call the Consumer Product Safety Commission Hotline at 1-800-638-2772.

CO detectors for use in residential settings are not designed for use in typical workplace settings. Monitoring requirements in an occupational setting are different from monitoring requirements in the home. In the workplace, it is frequently necessary to monitor a worker’s exposure to carbon monoxide over an entire work shift and determine the time-weighted average (TWA) concentration of the exposure. It may also be necessary to have carbon monoxide monitors with alarm capabilities in the workplace. The direct-reading instruments are frequently equipped with audio and/or visual alarms and may be used for area and/or personal exposure monitoring. Some have microprocessors and memory for storing CO concentration readings taken during the day. It is significant to note that some of the devices mentioned for workplace CO monitoring are not capable of monitoring TWAs, and not all are equipped with alarms. The appropriate monitor must be chosen on an application-by-application basis. For more information on the availability of workplace CO monitors or their application, call the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health at 1-800-35NIOSH (1-800-356-4674).

Room Size and Time Estimations for Parts Per Million (PPM) CO

The fundamental factors in area CO levels involve:

The concentration and volume of CO production;

The size of the area;

The amount of *air exchange if any;

The amount of time CO is produced.

Multiplying length, width, and height will determine the volume or cubic feet in a room. So an empty building 100ft by 100ft with a 10ft ceiling would be 100,000 cubic ft. in size. Any material that is in the room and takes space would reduce the cubic feet.

*Air exchange is defined as the exhausting of internal air to the external atmosphere.

The Graph above depicts the relationships of air exchange to time and CO ppm with cubic feet area and percent CO emissions remaining constant.

1.5% CO Em ission in 100,000 cubic feet with 480cc 14 HP Engine and complete air/CO mixing

500 450 400 350 300 250

PPM

200 150 100

0.5123456789

Time (hours)

0.0 change/hr 1/2 change/hr 1 changes/hr 2 changes/hr

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8 Hour Time Weighted Average (OSHA Method)

1.5 %CO 100,000cf Hours Operation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TWA (OSHA Method) 0 change/hr 34 103 206 343 514 719 959 1232

1/2 change/hr 27 70 124 183 246 311 378 445 1 change/hr 22 51 84 118 152 186 220 255 2 change/hr 15 32 49 66 83 100 117 135

Based on the CO production rates shown above the TWA would be exceeded in a 100 x 100 x 10 foot (empty) space

after 3 hours with 2 air changes per hour. (Assumes no additional CO exposure during 8 hour time period)

PPM

1.5% C O Em issio n in 500,000 cu b ic fe et w ith 480cc 14 H P

500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100

012345678910

Engine and com plete air/CO m ix ing

0.0 change/hr 1/2 change/hr 1 changes/hr 2 changes/hr

Tim e (hours)

The Graph above depicts the relationships of air exchange to time and CO ppm with cubic feet area and percent CO emissions remaining constant.

8 Hour Time Weighted Average (OSHA Method)

1.5 %CO 500,000cf Hours Operation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TWA (OSHA Method) 0 change/hr 17 51 103 171 257 360 479 612

1/2 change/hr 14 35 62 92 123 156 189 223 1 change/hr 11 26 42 59 76 93 110 127 2 change/hr 7 16 24 33 42 50 59 67

Based on the CO production rates shown above the TWA would be exceeded in a 100 x 500 x 10 foot (empty) space

after 6 hours with 2 air changes per hour. (Assumes no additional CO exposure during 8 hour time period)

1.5% CO Em ission in 750,000 cubic feet with 480cc 14 HP Eng ine and com plete air/C O mixing

500 450 400 350 300 250

PPM

200 150 100

012345678910

The Graph above depicts the relationships of air exchange to time and CO ppm with cubic feet area and percent CO

emissions remaining constant.

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0.0 change/hr 1/2 change/hr 1 changes/hr 2 changes/hr

Tim e (hours)

ENGLISH

8 Hour Time Weighted Average (OSHA Method)

1.5 % 750,000cf Hours Operation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TWA (OSHA Method) 0 change/hr 5 14 27 46 69 96 128 164

1/2 change/hr 4 9 16 24 33 42 50 59 1 change/hr 3 7 11 16 20 25 29 34 2 change/hr 2 4 7 9 11 13 16 18

Based on the CO production rates shown above the TWA would not be exceeded in a 100 x 750 x 10 foot (empty) space after 8 hours with 2 air changes per hour. (Assumes no additional CO

exposure during 8 hour time period)

Maintenance of Equipment

Warning: The proper maintenance of equipment is vital to safe operation. LPG engines are dependent on engine tune up, and air filter replacement. CO concentration (production) skyrockets when the air to fuel ratio becomes fuel rich. Follow the recommended Maintenance Schedule for the engine found in the Engine Operator/Owner Manual as well as the Maintenance And Adjustments schedule found in the Propane Floor Equipment Operator’s Manual that were supplied with the equipment. Additional manuals may be obtained by contacting at 1-800-545-3454 or write to Customer Service, 2100 Hwy. 265, Springdale AR 72764.

CO Safety Equipment Available

• Envirogard automated fuel to air ratio monitoring and regulation providing an optimum combustion

• Three-way type catalytic converter to scrub CO, Hydro Carbons (HC), and Nitrous Oxide (NOx) from the engine

exhaust providing the lowest possible emissions

• High cubic feet per minute (CFM) fans (forced air mixing)

• Digital combustion analyzers for tail pipe emissions monitoring

SPECIFICATIONS:

Model Dust Control

2117BCATCL 2717BCATCL

Part Number 08992B 08993B Pad Size 21" (53 cm) 27" (68 cm) Engine 17 hp Twin-V Kawasaki Catalytic Muffler Yes Carb Gard Yes Clutch Centrifugal Pad Speed 2100 RPM 1500 RPM Propane Tank 20 lb. (9.1 kg) Capacity, 80% Safety fill Auto Fuel Shutoff Yes Low Oil Shutdown Yes Hour Meter Yes Sound Level 87 - 89 dB(A) Productivity Rate 25,000 ft2/hr (2,322 m2/hr) 33,000 ft2/hr (3,066 m2/hr) Agency Approvals EPA plus UL Approved Propane Components CARB Certified

(California Air Resource Board)

Weight 276 lbs. 298 lbs. Dimensions: Length 66" (167.4 cm) 69" (175.3 cm) Widith 23.5" (59.7 cm) 29.5" (74.9 cm) Height 43" (109.2 cm) 43" (109.2 cm) Warranty 2 Year Parts & Labor

Yes

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OPERATOR SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

DANGER means: Severe bodily injury or death can occur to you or other personnel if the DAN-

GER statements found on this machine or in this Owner's Manual are ignored

or are not adhered to. Read and observe all DANGER statements found in this Owner's Manual and on your machine.

WARNING means: Injury can occur to you or to other personnel if the WARNING statements

found on your machine or in this Owner's Manual are ignored or are not adhered to. Read and observe all WARNING statements found in this Owner's Manual and on your machine.

CAUTION means: Damage can occur to the machine or to other property if the CAUTION

statements found on your machine or in this Owner's Manual are ignored or are not adhered to. Read and observe all CAUTION statements found in this Owner's Manual and on your machine.

DANGER: Failure to read the Owner's Manual prior to operating or attempting any service or mainte-

nance procedure to your machine could result in injury to you or to other personnel; damage to the machine or to other property could occur as well. You must have training in the operation of this machine before using it. If you or your operator(s) cannot read

English, have this manual explained fully before attempting to operate this machine.

DANGER: Moving parts of this machine can cause serious injury and/or damage. Do not allow contact

of clothing, hair, hands, feet, or other body parts with the rotating pad. Keep other people away from the machine while it's in operation.

DANGER: Injury to the operator or bystanders could occur if the machine's power is on while changing

the buffing pad or making machine adjustments. Never try to change the buffing pad or attempt to make machine adjustments while the engine is running.

DANGER: Cigarette lighters, pilot lights and any other source of ignition can create an explosion if it comes

in contact with propane. Propane is a highly flammable fuel. All sources of ignition should be extinguished or removed entirely if possible from the work area. DO NOT SMOKE in the vicinity of propane powered floor equipment.

DANGER: This machine emits carbon monoxide. Asphyxiation could occur if the unit is used in an area

with poor or inadequate ventilation. Operate machine in a well ventilated area only. If a headache develops, shut off the machine. Have it checked for carbon monoxide emissions by a qualified shop before using it again.

DANGER: Dangerous carbon monoxide emissions from this machine are greatly increased due to a dirty

combustion air cleaner. Follow the engine manufacturer's air cleaner service instructions.

DANGER: Propane is highly flammable. If you smell propane gas, shut off the machine and move it

outside. Determine and repair the source of the leak before restarting. NEVER vent propane gas inside a building. Disconnect the fuel line from the tank, remove the tank from the machine and then store the propane tank in a secrue storage cabinet outside the building. It is UNLAWFUL to store a propane bottle inside a building.

WARNING: Long or continuous exposure to high noise levels may cause permanent hearing loss.

Always wear hearing protection while using this machine.

WARNING: Injury to the eyes and/or body can occur if protective clothing and/or equipment is not worn

while using this machine. Always wear safety goggles and safety clothing while using this machine.

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WARNING: Severe burn or injury could occur if you touch the hot muffler or exhaust pipe. Do not touch

the hot muffler or exhaust pipe.

WARNING: To avoid injury or damage to the machine, do not tip the machine fully upward while the engine

is running.

WARNING: Any alterations or modifications of this machine could result in damage to the machine or injury

to the operator or other bystanders. Alterations or modifications not authorized by the manufacturer voids any and all warranties and liabilities.

WARNING: To avoid injury or property damage, do not leave the machine where it can be tampered with

or started by persons untrained in its operation. You must have training in the operation of this machine before using it. DO NOT leave the machine running unattended.

WARNING: Substantial damage to the floor, the machine, or personnel may result if the machine is

operated with the pad off center, damaged or missing. Do not operate the machine if the pad is off center, damaged or missing.

WARNING: Operating a machine that has loose parts could result in injury or property damage. Do not

operate this machine if there are loose parts. Inspect the machine for loose parts frequently. This will promote safe operation and a long life for the machine.

WARNING: Vibration from machinery may cause numbness or tingling of the fingers in certain people.

Smoking, dampness, diet, and heredity may contribute to the symptoms. Wearing warm clothing, gloves, exercising and refraining from smoking can reduce the effects of vibration. If the symptoms still persist, discontinue operation of the machine.

Introduction

This propane floor care equipment is manufactured in two basic concepts: the buffer/burnisher and the floor stripper. Both of these designs are truly PORTABLE equipment. Propane buffers are best defined as ultra high speed buffers with the staying power to produce superior high gloss floor surfaces. Upon contact with the floor, the buffer should always be kept moving. The speed at which you walk will determine the results that you will obtain. Slower speeds create more heat and therefore more shine. A moderate pace is recommended for best results and safe operation. NEVER RUN WITH THE BUFFER!! While a credible shine will still result, the danger of trying to stop the machine in an emergency situation is unacceptable. When buffing, avoid loose tile, electric outlets, door thresholds and any object which may come in contact with the pad other than the floor itself. REMEMBER, the pad is turning very rapidly.

Proper care and maintenance will protect your investment and keep your machine serving you for many years to come. It is essential that these issues are closely followed:

CAUTION: Overfilling the propane tank is the

number one cause of problems with a propane machine. This can cause the engine to run poorly or not at all.

In addition, overfilling allows liquid propane to enter the fuel control system, possibly ruining the lockoff/regulator assembly. This voids the warranty on affected parts of the machine. To avoid problems, read and understand fully, the section "Filling and Storing Propane Tanks."

OVERHEATING

Keep the cooling air bonnet filter clean. Protect your machine; don't allow wax dust/lint to build up on the cooling fins of the engine cylinder(s). A good high pressure spray wash directed at the fins

engine

is cold will prevent this from happening.

LOW OIL AND DIRTY OIL

other failures. recommends changing the oil

regular schedule

found in the engine manufacturers' manual. Checking the oil daily, before putting the machine to work, is a good habit to get into and could save you the downtime and expense of replacing the engine due to oil starvation. AFTER AN OIL CHANGE, MAKE SURE YOU HAVE REPLACED THE OIL SUPPLY BEFORE RESTARTING THE ENGINE.

is a major cause of engine failure.

when the

account for most of the

on a

, perhaps exceeding that which is

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Propane Safety Information

ENGLISH

Facts About LP Gas - Propane

As a fuel, Propane gas is unmatched for both safety and dependability. It has been used as a domestic household fuel for over half a century, and for over thirty years as an internal combustion engine fuel. Propane is a highly flammable fuel that is contained under pressure as a liquid. Vaporized gas has a similar explosive force to gasoline and mixtures as low as 2% LP Gas to air may be ignited in a closed environment. Care should be exercised to avoid escaping vapor as it can freeze skin and cause frost bite. Vaporized fuel is heavier than air and will collect in the lowest confined space available.

Facts About Propane Tanks

Propane tanks are constructed according to ASME or Federal DOT #4ET20 pressure safety codes. Including the tank, all valves and fittings are UL Listed. Propane gas is noncorrosive and will not rust the inside of a tank. Should the tank exterior become damaged or rusted, discontinue

DO NOT

use. valves. propane buffer. with a barbecue grill, etc. recommends having propane tanks tested once a year by an authorized National LP Gas Association sanctioned propane dealer.

The fuel tank is supplied directly from the manufacturer and is void of fuel. This tank must be purged at the time of the first fill. Local fuel vendors should be familiar with this operation and will provide this service.

tamper with tank gauges or safety relief

NEVER

use a tank not intended for use with a

DO NOT

substitute tanks that are used

Recommended Purge Procedures

How to purge new LP-Gas Buffer cylinders equipped with the Overfill Prevention Device: New containers may contain vapor, air, or other contaminants. It is essential that these be removed before filling the container and placing it into service. Air in the container will cause abnormally high pressure, with the result that the pressure relief valve may open.

system is also likely to cause lean mixture, making ignition difficult.

depressurized or open to the atmosphere for a period of time, it must be re-purged as if it were a new container.

If a cylinder is suspected of being

Air in the

3. Make the connection to the quick coupler (A purge manifold system is most effective). Fully open the cylinder service valve as well as the outage valve. Vent to a safe atmosphere. A vent stack is recommended.

4. On Overfill Prevention Device cylinders, the purge time is increased as a result of the new valve design. Opening the outage valve will help improve the speed of the purge.

5. Repeat #3 and #4 for a total of FIVE purges.

6. Repressurize the container with odorized LP-gas vapor to 15 psig.

7. The container is now ready to be filled with LP-gas.

8. Once filled, check all fittings and tank openings for leaks using an approved leak detector solution.

9. The container is now ready to be placed in service. Add DOT and OSHA labels.

Symptoms of a non-purge cylinder:

• Relief valve opens due to over pressurized cylinder creating hazardous situation.

• Moisture in the cylinder.

• Buffer operates initially but shuts down when fuel mixture becomes too lean.

Refilling & Storing Propane Tanks

The NFPA Technical Committee prohibits the storage of such containers in buildings. There are few exceptions to this rule. In other words, propane tanks should NOT be stored in buildings used by the public or frequented by anyone passing through or who is working in the building. Full or empty, never leave tanks in small enclosed areas. The tank(s) must be in a secure, tamper-proof storage enclosure that provides safety from accident or vandalism.

A propane tank can be transported either on or off of the machine. In either case it should be secured to the vehicle in its upright position with the service valve closed. Never leave your tanks in a vehicle unsecured or lying on their side.

TRANSPORTED, INSTALLED AND USED IN AN UPRIGHT POSITION.

PROPANE TANKS SHOULD ALWAYS BE

To purge a container, the following steps should be taken.

Purging of containers should be performed in an approved area (see NFPA #5 8) using NPGA #13 3.89(a) procedure.

1. Determine if the container pressure is zero. Should the cylinder contain only pressurized air, the air may be vented directly to the atmosphere through the service valve using an adapter and the outage valve.

2. Pressurize the container to approximately 15 psig with LPgas vapor.

will cause the moisture vapor to chill and remain in the cylinder. LPgas liquid also expands 270 times to vapor making the purge process ineffective.

Never purge with liquid LP-gas!

gas vapor only!

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To do so

Use LP-

OVERFILLING PROPANE TANKS IS HAZARDOUS.

The tank should NEVER be completely filled with liquid propane. 80% of the total tank volume is to be considered at

ALL

times as full. EXPANSION MUST BE ALLOWED

FOR. Propane Buffer tanks are equipped with a fixed

liquid level gauge which contacts the liquid level at 80% of container capacity, allowing 20% for expansion. The top part of this device must be unscrewed counterclockwise so that vapor can escape through the small hole it its side, as the tank is refilled. When the escaping vapor starts to give way to liquid, the device must be quickly closed and the propane nozzle turned off.

**IMPORTANT** The engine and the fuel system on your floor care machine are designed to run on fuel vapor, not fuel liquid. Overfilling the propane tank will result in damaging the lockoff and/or regulator. This will VOID the WARRANTY on these components.

ENGLISH

How to Operate the Machine

Preparing The Machine For Use

BEFORE using any type of powered equipment, proper safety dictates you should visually inspect it.

Adjusting the Handle -

(a) Adjust the handle to a comfortable height by

pulling outward on the two spring-loaded pins on each side of the handle.

(b) While holding the pins out, adjust the handle to

the height desired.

into the locked positions. NOTE: It may be easier to stand to one side of the handle and reach across to the other side to make the adjustment.

Bonnet Filter

engine is clean. It should be changed hourly and thoroughly cleaned before reuse.

Oil Level

3. (a) Check the engine OIL LEVEL. (b) With the buffer sitting in a level position, unscrew

the yellow oil filler cap, pull out, and wipe dipstick off with a clean cloth.

screw it back in.

(d) Pull the dipstick out and check the oil level

making sure the oil level is in the operating range (grid area) shown on the dipstick. If the oil level is in the "ADD" range, add enough engine oil to bring the oil level to the operating range. NOTE: NEVER overfill the engine oil as this can lead to irreparable damage to the engine.

Filling the Tank-

as given under the previous heading: "Refilling And Storing Propane Tanks." In addition, if your buffer came with an "80% Safety Fill Tank" then it should ONLY be filled through the threaded valve with the larger diameter that is covered by a yellow cap to ensure a "Full" level that is safe.

Pad and Pad Holder

Inspect the condition of the pad and pad holder. (a) Adjust handle to it's extreme upright position.

(NOTE: Pins should be in the hole marked "TILTBACK").

(b) Grabbing the handle with both hands and placing

your foot on the back deck of the burnisher for stability, pull back on the handle and tilt the machine back.

machine in the upright position.

(d) Go to the pad side of the machine for inspection

and/or replacement. Is there a pad? Is it properly attached? What is it's condition? Ensure the pad is clean and has at least a thickness of 1/3 of an inch. Always turn off the engine before checking the pad.

- Make sure the bonnet air filter atop the

Fill the tank following the instructions

Dust Containment Area

Check the dust containment area and make sure that it is clean. This is the area underneath the propane tank. (a) Remove the propane tank and then lift the black

lid and locate the automotive-type filter.

(b) Inspect the filter. Is it dirty? Does it need to be

cleaned or replaced? Make sure that the trough that is outside of and below the level of the filter is clean.

Dust Skirt -

8. surrounds the deck. Is it in good condition? What is the condition of the rubber boot that connects the skirt to the rear part of the deck? Replace the boot if it is ripped or torn.

Starting the Engine

1. Open the service valve on the propane tank by turning counterclockwise, about one and a half turns.

2. Ensure the buffer is tilted back so that the pad is off the floor on all machines without a clutch.

3. The Kawasaki 17 hp twin cylinder is designed to be started with the throttle in the idle position. This creates a vacuum necessary to open the lock-off valve inside the regulator. Actuation of the throttle lever will keep the lock-off valve from opening and the engine from getting fuel so the engine will not start. Proper maintenance will insure easy starting.

4. Engage starter for a MAXIMUM of 5 to 6 seconds or until the engine fires. Serious starter damage will result if this is exceeded and the warranty may not apply.

5. Operate the engine at half throttle for approximately two minutes for proper warm-up. Then advance to full throttle for best results.

NOTE: If the engine refuses to start, see the Trouble Shooting Guide.

Stopping The Engine

1. Close the service valve on the propane tank, by turning clockwise. This consumes all of the propane that is still in the fuel system.

2. ALWAYS allow the engine to run until it stops from lack of fuel, and then shut off the key switch. ** ONLY IN AN EMERGENCY should the "kill switch" on buffer be used.

3. Disconnect the fuel line from the tank.

Check out the condition of the skirt that

Tank and Fuel Lines

covered but do the fuel lines show any sign of wear and tear, such as cracks or any corrosion? Screw the brass fuel line fitting onto the tank service valve, hand tight only. This connection MUST be secure because the service valve has a safety valve inside it which will only open if the brass fuel line fitting is COMPLETELY seated into the service valve.

Page -14-

- The tank has already been

4. REMEMBER, when you are finished with the machine, store the propane tank outside the building, in a safe place away from heat or direct sunlight.

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ENGLISH

Maintenance And Adjustments

Emission Control Information

To protect the environment in which we will live, the manufacturer has incorporated crankcase emission (1) and exhaust emission (2) control systems (EM) in compliance with applicable regulations of the United States Environmental Protection Agency and California Air Resources Board.

Crankcase Emission Control System -

crankcase emission control system is used to eliminate blow-by gases. The blow-by gases are led to the breather chamber through the crankcase. Then, it is led to the air cleaner. Oil is separated from the gases while passing through the inside of the breather chamber from the crankcase, and then returned back to the bottom of crankcase.

Exhaust Emission Control System -

emission control system applied to this engine consists of a carburetor and an ignition system having optimum ignition timing characteristics. The carburetor has been calibrated to provide lean air/fuel mixture characteristics and optimum fuel economy with a suitable air cleaner and exhaust system.

Tampering w/Emission Control System Prohibited

Federal law and California State law prohibits the following acts or the causing thereof: (1) the removal or rendering inoperative by any person other than for purposes of maintenance, repair, or replacement, of any device or element of design incorporated into any new engine for the purpose of emission control prior to its sale or delivery to the ultimate purchaser or while it is in use, or (2) the use of the engine after such device or element of design has been removed or rendered inoperative by any person.

Among those acts presumed to constitute tampering are the acts listed below: Do not tamper with the original emission related part. >Carburetor and internal parts >Spark plugs >Magneto or electronic ignition system >Fuel filter element >Air cleaner elements >Crankcase >Cylinder heads >Breather chamber and internal parts >Intake pipe and tube

General Maintenance and Adjustments

Fuel Control System -

adjustments should ONLY be made by a qualified LPG system technician or an authorized service center, using an exhaust gas analyzer. Do not operate the machine if carbon monoxide levels exceed OSHA standards.

Pad Replacement-

(a) Adjust handle to its extreme upright position (Note:

Pins should be in the hole marked "TILTBACK").

(b) Grabbing the handle with both hands and placing

your foot on the back deck of the burnisher for stability, pull back on the handle and tilt the machine back.

in the upright position.

To ensure personal safety,

A sealed-type

The exhaust

(d) Now move to the pad side of the machine. (e) Grab the metal clip, which is located in the

white center-lock device, between the thumb and index finger and squeeze. This allows the

pad retainer to "pop" off. (f) Remove the old pad. (g) Install the new pad by carefully centering it

against the "harpoon hook" plastic gripper. (h) Replace the pad retainer by snapping it back in

place (Note: The center-lock ring should "snap"

twice). (i) Check the rotation of the pad driver. Eccentric-

ity of the pad should not exceed 1/4 of an inch.

Belt Replacement -

(a) Tilt the machine back as you would to replace

the pad.

(b) Using a 3/4" open-end wrench, secure the shaft

from the engine side of the deck and spin off the pad driver to remove it.

the belt by rotating the Lovejoy tensioner towards the belt.

(d) Release the Lovejoy tensioner and carefully

remove the belt from the engine clutch and the drive pulley.

(e) Now install the new belt onto the clutch and

pulley and use the wrench to again release the tension on the Lovejoy tensioner until the belt is in position.

(f) Release the Lovejoy tensioner to apply tension

to the belt. (Note: the arrow on the Lovejoy tensioner should be pointing towards 30°. If it is not, reset the tensioner by first loosening and then re-tightening the bolt that holds the tensioner to the deck).

(g) Reinstall the pad driver.

Changing the Engine Oil -

4. (a) Start and warm up the engine so the oil will

drain easily. (b) Stop the engine. (c) Place the buffer in a level position. (d) Pull the clear plastic tube out of it's holder and

rotate the tube so that it can drain into a

container. (e) Grab the 1/4-turn quick release oil drain and

rotate counterclockwise. This will allow the

engine oil to drain. (f) After draining is complete, rotate the quick

release 1/4-turn clockwise to close and store

the clear plastic tube in it's upright position.

Changing the Oil Filter -

5. (a) Using either a strap wrench or an oil filter

wrench, rotate the oil filter counterclockwise. Note: Before unscrewing the oil filter, place a suitable container beneath the oil drip tray to catch the oil that is from the filter or any oil passages in the engine.

(b) Clean the oil filter base on the engine.

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Operator's Manual (EN) - DC Propane Burnisher - 15 -

ENGLISH

Maintenance And Adjustments

filter.

(d) Install the filter by turning it clockwise until the

seal contacts the mounting surface of the engine. (e) Then turn the filter by hand(s) 3/4 turn more. (f) Run the engine at a slow idle speed for 2 minutes

and check the oil filter and drain line for leaks.

Adjusting Pad Pressure -

6. (a) Tilt the machine back as you would to change the

pad.

(b) To increase the pad pressure, move the wheels

towards the rear of the machine. To do this, disconnect the hairpin from the clevis pin. Slide the clevis pin out and move the wheel to the back hole in the wheel caster. Reinsert the clevis pin and attach the hairpin.

dure and move the wheel towards the front of the machine.

Recommended 20 Hour Maintenance Items -

>Change engine oil. >Check pad driver for loose parts. >Check belt for wear or slippage. >Check engine pulley for tightness. >Check wheel bolts. >Check engine mount bolts. >Check handle bolts. >Check for leakage of engine oil at the various seals.

Recommended Oil Change Intervals

Do not exceed the 20 hour oil change interval. Oil changes more frequent than 20 hours will give even longer engine life. In any case, always use 30HD or 10W30 engine oil with all of the following ratings: SF, SG, CC. The various engines have different oil sump capacities. Make sure the oil level is maintained at the "FULL" level.

Recommended 100 Hour Maintenance

The dust control filter must be changed every 100 hours.

Recommended 200 Hour Maintenance

The paper carburetion intake filter must be changed every 200 hours. Return machine to authorized service center for overall checkup.

Carb-Gard Operation

Carb-Gard is a warning device to alert the operator that the engine needs to be serviced.

1. Upon starting the engine, the GREEN "Alert" LED will begin flashing. It will continue flashing for 3 minutes. This allows the engine and the oxygen sensor (mounted in the exhaust manifold) enough time to warm up. During this time, it is okay to operate the burnisher.

2. After 3 minutes, the Alert LED will stop flashing.

(a) If the engine is idling, then the YELLOW "Idle"

LED will begin flashing. This allows the engine to idle for up to 2 minutes.

(b) After 2 minutes, the engine will shut down and

the idle LED will remain solid to notify the operator why the machine shut down. (Note: If this occurs, simply turn the key switch to OFF. This will reset the Carb-Gard. Restart the engine normally to continue operation).

engine is revved up to full throttle, the LED will stop flashing and the Carb-Gard will being monitoring the oxygen sensor.

(d) If the engine is allowed to slow back down to the

idle position, the idle LED will again start flashing for another 2 minutes.

NOTE: Every time the engine is revved up and allowed to slow down, the 2 minute countdown restarts itself.

3. Once the engine is revved up, the Carb-Gard begins monitoring the oxygen sensor for carbon monoxide (CO).

(a) If at any time during full throttle the Carb-Gard

senses a higher than normal CO output, it will activate the RED "Service" LED and it will begin flashing.

(b) If the RED service LED flashes continuously for 1

minute, then the engine will shut down and the RED service LED will remain solid to notify the operator why the engine shut down.

NOTE: Carb-Garb continuously monitors CO output. If the CO output drops, the service LED will stop flashing. If the CO output rises, it will start flashing again. ONLY after it continuously flashes for 1 minute will it shut down the engine.

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Operator's Manual (EN) - DC Propane Burnisher

Trouble Shooting

ENGLISH

When troubles occur, be sure to check the simple causes which at first may seem too obvious to be considered. For example, a starting problem could be caused by fuel starvation due to an empty propane cylinder, an unopened service valve, or a loosened fuel quick coupler. If you don't check for this, starter burnout could result.

KAWASAKI - "SURGING IDLE" -

engines' idle characteristics, adjustment is provided by an idle screw on the lower left side of the carburetor as viewed from the operator's position. The screw is bright steel and 1/4" in diameter with a Phillips head on it. To gain access to the engine throttle screw, pop the black snap-in plug off of the top of the engine cowling. Rotating the screw clockwise will increase the idle speed and this should cure the "surging idle". IF IT DOES NOT, contact your sales

or service representative.

EXCESSIVE VIBRATION -

possibilities:

(a) Pad is off center. Remove and reinstall. (b) Pad Driver is bent or cracked. (Possibly from

striking a curb or bolt in the floor.) Replace immediately with a new part only.

machine back as you would to replace the pad. Grip pad driver and move up, down and from side to side to check for slack in the bearings. If this is the case, then to effect a proper repair, the bearings should be replaced and possibly the shaft.

(d) Check to see if the bolts on shaft housing are

tight. Look to see if the nuts, bolts and spacers on the Flex Coupler Assembly are all in place and tight.

To smooth out the

Look for the following

EXCESSIVE NOISE FROM UNDER BUFFER -

this problem has developed after use of the machine from new, then the first place to check is the Lovejoy tensioner. As a new belt wears in, it naturally stretches a bit and the tensioner will begin to rattle.

Tilt the machine back as you would to change the pad and reset by taking up the slack in the belt and tighten the Lovejoy tensioner.

STARTER WILL HARDLY TURN THE ENGINE OVER or THE SOLENOID JUST CLICKS ON 12 VOLT OPTION MODELS -

This can be remedied by recharging the battery using a 12 volt battery charger at 4-12 amperes. The battery is located inside the control box, located directly in front of the propane tank. The positive post is the one with the RED cable attached to it. Follow the instructions that came with the battery charger. REMINDER: this will continue to happen unless the buffer's engine is run for sufficient time between starts to recharge the battery.

KAWASAKI V-TWIN ENGINE BACKFIRES LOUDLY

AND REGULARLY SUDDENLY -

plug boots. One of them is likely cracked, possibly due to contacting a corner of a shelf or a door frame. Remove the sparkplug lead from the sparkplug and replace the boot with a new one. The engine should now run normally. IF IT DOES NOT contact your sales or service representative.

The battery is likely low in charge.

Check the spark-

ENGINE STARTS AND IDLES, BUT WILL QUIT AS THE THROTTLE IS ADVANCED -

the propane tank's service valve is faulty. To check for this, close the valve completely and then reopen very slowly while you listen for a "click" when the gas begins to travel through the valve. If you hear this very slight noise, then what is happening is the valve is only partially opening. This allows enough gas through to start and idle the engine, but not enough for full throttle operation. As the throttle is increased, allowing more air to enter the intake, the engine will quit from fuel starvation. Call your dealer or the factory for instructions on where to have the service valve replaced. Meanwhile, to get by, you can continue to open the service valve until you don't hear a "click" and then the engine will run normally. IF IT DOES NOT, contact your sales or service representative.

THE BUFFER SEEMS TO RUN WELL BUT DIES

DOWN WHEN THE PAD IS PLACED ON THE FLOOR OR SOON THEREAFTER -

same problem as in #3.

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Operator's Manual (EN) - DC Propane Burnisher - 17 -

It is possible that

Check for the

ESPAÑOL

LEA ESTE MANUAL

Este manual contiene información importante acerca del uso y la seguridad de la máquina. Si no lee el manual antes de utilizar su máquina o de intentar realizar los procedimientos de reparación o mantenimiento de la misma, usted o el resto del personal podrían sufrir lesiones; asimismo, podrían producirse daños a la máquina o a otras propiedades. Antes de utilizar la máquina, es necesario recibir la capacitación adecuada en la operación de la misma. Si el operador de la máquina no sabe leer en inglés, explíquele el manual exhaustivamente antes de que intente utilizarla.

Todas las indicaciones incluidas en este manual se ofrecen desde la posición del operador en la parte posterior de la máquina.

Índice

Seguridad de las emisiones de los motores y el monóxido de carbono............. 19

Especificacions de la máquina ...........................................................................26

Instrucciones de seguridad para el operador .....................................................27

Introducción:.......................................................................................................28

Información de seguridad sobre el propano .......................................................29

Operación de la máquina ...................................................................................30

Mantenimiento y ajustes..................................................................................... 31

Operación Carb-Gard ........................................................................................32

Resoluciòn de problemas................................................................................... 33

SECCIÓN II – Libro de piezas

Conjunto final de 21 pulgadas ............................................................................ 52

Conjunto final de 27 pulgadas ............................................................................ 53

Conjunto de carretilla y lista de piezas...............................................................54

Conjunto de empuñadura y lista de piezas ........................................................ 55

Conjunto de caja de mando y lista de piezas .....................................................56

Conjunto contenedor de polvo y lista de piezas................................................. 57

Conjunto de motor / rueda / ruedecillas..............................................................58

Lista de piezas .........................................................................................59

Conjunto de motor de 21 pulgadas y lista de piezas ..........................................60

Conjunto de motor de 27 pulgadas y lista de piezas ..........................................61

Conjunto de combustible y lista de piezas .........................................................62

Conjunto del motor y lista de piezas ..................................................................63

Conjunto del motor y lista de piezas (Kawasaki FH 381 V “V” bimotor) ............64

Esquemas eléctricos .........................................................................................66

PELIGRO: Es responsabilidad del dueño / operador cerciorarse que el sistema de intercambio de aire instalado en cualquier sitio en el cual esté funcionando una máquina para suelos a propano tenga suficiente capacidad y calidad para soportar el uso de una de esas máquinas. OSHA y otras agencias de condado, estaduales y federales publican pautas sobre el tema que habitualmente se pueden encontrar en poder de los respectivos propietarios y/o compañías matrices de los sitios o cadenas de sitios. Si el propietario / operador no se asegura que la máquina para suelos a propano puede funcionar con seguridad en un determinado sitio, puede ocasionar lesiones, enfermedad y hasta la pérdida de vida.

Este Libro de instrucciones / Guía de procedimientos de Seguridad ha sido preparado únicamente para promover los objetivos educacionales y no se hace responsable de las acciones o la seguridad del operador. Para tomar conocimiento de todas las exigencias de las autoridades locales, póngase en contacto con el jefe de bomberos de su comunidad.

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Seguridad de las Emisiones de los Motores y el Monóxido de Carbono

El objetivo de este documento es suministrar información sobre:

• Los potenciales efectos de la exposición al monóxido de carbono;

• Los métodos para reducir el riesgo de envenenamiento con monóxido de carbono;

• Los métodos utilizados para determinar el nivel de exposición potencial al monóxido de carbono producido por

un equipo.

PELIGRO: Todos los motores que funcionan con propano líquido (PL), incluso este motor, producen monóxido de carbono (CO). Este VENENO MORTAL es un gas incoloro, inodoro, insípido y que no irrita. Es producto de la combustión incompleta de un material carbonoso tal como el propano (PL).

La falta de adecuada ventilación del monóxido de carbono producido durante el funcionamiento de motores a combustión puede resultar en LESIONES GRAVES O LA MUERTE del operador y de quienes se encuentren en el área contaminada.

Los efectos del CO se pueden sufrir a distintos niveles de exposición, dependiendo de la salud del individuo. Las condiciones que afectan la tolerancia del individuo son fumar, la edad, la temperatura, la humedad y otras.

ADVERTENCIA: Antes de usar esta máquina debe leer y comprender totalmente el Libro de instrucciones

Este documento explica cómo manejar el CO producido para reducir el riesgo de envenenamiento con monóxido de carbono.

Todos los distribuidores, propietarios y operadores deberán tener presentes los potenciales efectos del CO y los métodos utilizados para prevenir la sobreexposición.

Está dedicada a sus clientes, la seguridad de los mismos, y a proporcionar información, servicios y productos que contemplen esas necesidades.

La información contenida en este documento está en vigencia desde la fecha de su redacción en noviembre de

1997.

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ESPAÑOL

Información General del Documento

La información que aparece a continuación ha sido condensada para proporcionarle al lector un resumen

del material presentado.

Potenciales efectos de la exposición al monóxido de carbono

• Pautas para el lugar de trabajo / la industria sobre los límites de exposición al monóxido de

carbono varían sustancialmente de una región a otra. El límite de exposición permitido por OSHA para el CO es de 50 ppm, como promedio ponderado por tiempo de 8 horas.

• Definición de los efectos del CO – Los efectos tóxicos del monóxido de carbono en la sangre son

consecuencia de la hipoxia (falta de oxígeno) de los tejidos. La gravedad depende del estado de actividad del individuo y de la necesidad de oxígeno de sus tejidos.

Métodos para reducir los riesgos de envenenamiento con CO

• Cambio de aire y difusión del CO – El monóxido de carbono no se mezcla libremente con el aire.

Las corrientes de aire pueden “revolver” el CO y diluir los valores de concentración al mezclarlo con el aire circundante. Cuando se usan equipos en un área extensa durante corto tiempo, se “revuelve” al caminar.

• Consideraciones sobre la aplicación (Pulir o rasquetear) – Cuando la actividad se concentra en una

área pequeña como en la aplicación del rasqueteo, se debe forzar al aire a “revolverse” por medio de ventiladores para reducir el riesgo de las grandes concentraciones de CO.

• Control de calidad del aire – La instalación de un monitor / detector es esencial para el

funcionamiento seguro de cualquier equipo que tiene la capacidad de producir CO.

• Cálculo del tamaño de la habitación y del tiempo – La concentración y el volumen de producción

de monóxido de carbono, el tamaño del área y la cantidad del cambio de aire son factores que permiten determinar los límites de tiempo seguros para operar en una habitación de un tamaño específico.

• Mantenimiento del equipo – Los motores a propano líquido dependen del ajuste del motor y del

cambio del filtro de aire. La concentración (producción) de monóxido de carbono se dispara cuando la relación aire-combustible es demasiado rica en combustible. Siga el Programa de Mantenimiento recomendado para el motor.

• Equipo de seguridad disponible. Environgard – Control y regulación automática de la relación

combustible-aire que facilita combustión óptima, convertidor catalítico de tres vías para limpiar el CO, los hidrocarburos (HC), y los óxidos de nitrógeno (NOx) del escape del motor proporcionando las emisiones más bajas posibles, ventiladores con alto caudal por minuto (mezcla de aire forzada), y analizadores de combustión digitales para controlar las emisiones del tubo de escape.

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PBU Manual del operador

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Seguridad de las Emisiones de los Motores y el Monóxido de

Carbono

Potenciales efectos de la exposición al CO

• Pautas para la industria / el lugar de trabajo sobre los límites de exposición al CO

• Definición de los efectos del CO

Pautas para la industria / lugar de trabajo sobre los límites de exposición al monóxido de carbono

Los límites de la exposición permitida al monóxido de carbono varían sustancialmente de una región a otra. Antes de

utilizar cualquier equipo, se deben consultar las exigencias de la ciudad, el estado y la industria.

El límite de exposición permitido (PEL, por sus siglas en inglés) actualmente por la Administración de la Seguridad y Salud Ocupacionales de los Estados Unidos (OSHA, por sus siglas en inglés) para el monóxido de carbono es de 50 ppm, como promedio ponderado por tiempo (TWA, por sus siglas en inglés) de 8 horas. Esto se computa tomando mediciones a intervalos durante 8 horas, luego sumando los totales de las concentraciones y los intervalos, y dividiendo por 8 horas. Por ejemplo:

Hora Intervalo PPM 8:00-9:00 1 HR 100 9:00-10:00 1 HR 25 10:00-11:00 1 HR 25 11:00-12:00 1 HR 50 12:00-1:00 1 HR 50 400ppm/8HR=50ppm TWA 1:00-2:00 1 HR 50 2:00-3:00 1 HR 50 3:00-4:00 1 HR 50 Intervalos de tiempo = 8 HR ppm = 400

La concentración inmediatamente peligrosa para la vida y la salud (IDLH por sus siglas en inglés) que actualmente recomienda el Instituto Nacional de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional de los Estados Unidos (NIOSH, por sus siglas en inglés) para el CO es de 1,200 ppm. NIOSH define el nivel de exposición IDLH como la concentración que podría provocar la muerte o efectos irreversibles sobre la salud, o que podría impedir que una persona salga del ambiente contaminado dentro de los 30 minutos.

Definición de los efectos del CO

Los efectos tóxicos del monóxido de carbono en la sangre son consecuencia de la hipoxia (falta de oxígeno) de los tejidos. El monóxido de carbono se combina con la hemoglobina y forma carboxihemoglobina. Como el CO y el oxígeno reaccionan con el mismo grupo en la molécula de hemoglobina, la carboxihemoglobina es incapaz de transportar oxígeno. La afinidad de la hemoglobina con el CO es de 200 a 240 veces mayor que con el oxígeno. El grado de saturación de la hemoglobina con CO depende de la concentración del gas, de la cantidad de aire inspirado y de la duración de la exposición. La gravedad depende del estado de actividad del individuo y de la necesidad de oxígeno de sus tejidos.

Según la publicación de Harrison, Principios de medicina interna, 7ª edición, no se presentarán síntomas a una concentración de 0.01% CO (100ppm) en el aire inspirado, puesto que esto no elevará la saturación en sangre por encima del 10%. La exposición a 0.05% (500ppm) durante 1 hora de actividad liviana producirá una concentración en sangre de 20% de carboxihemoglobina que causará un dolor de cabeza leve o punzante. Mayor actividad o exposición más prolongada produce una saturación de la sangre de 30 a 50%. En este punto se puede experimentar dolor de cabeza, irritación, confusión, mareo, disturbios visuales, nauseas, vómitos y desmayo. Luego de estar expuesto durante una hora a concentraciones de 0.1% (1000ppm) en el aire inspirado, la sangre contiene de 50 a 80% de carboxihemoglobina ocasionando coma, convulsiones, paro respiratorio y la muerte. Si se inhalan concentraciones elevadas de CO, la saturación de la sangre progresa con tanta rapidez que la inconsciencia puede ocurrir repentinamente y sin aviso.

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Métodos para reducir los riesgos de envenenamiento con CO

• Cambio de aire y difusión del CO

• Consideraciones sobre la aplicación (Pulir o rasquetear)

• Control de la calidad del aire

• Cálculo del tamaño de la habitación y el tiempo

• Mantenimiento del equipo

• Equipo de seguridad disponible

Cambio de aire y difusión del CO

El método más confiable para prevenir el envenenamiento con CO es asegurarse que todo el CO producido se ventile hacia fuera. Cuando hay estufas a leña o calentadores a gas, esto se realiza por medio de conductos que transportan los gases y el CO al exterior. Los equipos a combustión que no son fijos se deben usar de manera tal que el CO no pueda alcanzar niveles nocivos o peligrosos.

El monóxido de carbono no se disipa ni se mezcla libremente con el aire. Las corrientes de aire pueden “revolver” el CO y diluir los valores de ppm o de concentración al mezclarlo con el aire circundante. Cuando se usan equipos en un área extensa durante corto tiempo, se “revuelve” al caminar, lo que significa que la zona de operación efectiva es extensa. Cuando la actividad se concentra en una área pequeña como en una aplicación de rasqueteo, se debe forzar al aire a “revolverse” por medio de ventiladores para aumentar la zona de operación efectiva y reducir las grandes concentraciones de CO.

La velocidad del cambio de aire (el cambio de aire se define como la extracción del aire interior a la atmósfera exterior), el tamaño de la zona de operación efectiva, la cantidad de CO producido, el nivel de actividad humana, y la duración de la exposición son todos factores que determinan la producción de carboxihemoglobina y el nivel de saturación de monóxido de carbono en la sangre.

Consideraciones sobre la aplicación (Pulir o rasquetear)

Cuando se usa equipo sobre un área extensa en poco tiempo, como ocurre en la mayoría de las aplicaciones de pulido, la zona de operación efectiva es amplia. Cuando la actividad se concentra en una área pequeña como en una aplicación de rasqueteo, la zona de operación efectiva es pequeña y

se DEBE forzar al CO a mezclarse o revolverse por

medio de ventiladores para aumentar la zona de operación efectiva y reducir las grandes concentraciones de CO.

Precaución: Mezclar el aire solamente puede no ser suficiente para reducir el CO a un nivel seguro.

La zona de operación efectiva se puede definir como el área cubierta en un tiempo determinado.

MODELO 1

Le nube de CO

Sin cambio de aire / Sin mezcla de aire

Zona de operación efectiva

(Sin flujo de aire)

(Modo rasquetado)

El rasqueteado es un tipo de operación bastante diferente al pulido, y conlleva muchos más riesgos, ya que en relación al pulido el rasqueteado es una operación de poco movimiento (menos superficie del suelo en el mismo tiempo). Como se muestra en el Modelo 1, las concentraciones de CO aumentan más rápidamente ya que la “zona de operación efectiva” es un área muy reducida comparada al tamaño total del edificio.

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