PASCO PS-2111 User Manual

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EKG Sensor

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right

red

left

green

black

Figure 1

PS-2111

Set-up

Connecting the EKG Sensor to an Interface

1. Connect the sensor’s plug to any port of a PASPORT inter­face or datalogger. Optionally, use a PASPORT extension
cable (PS-2500) between the interface and the EKG Sensor.

2. If you are using a computer, connect the PASPORT interface
to it and start DataStudio.

Instruction Sheet

0102-08007F

*012-088007

Included Parts

1. EKG Sensor

2. Electrode patches, 100 pieces

Additional Part Required

• PASPORT interface or datalogger

Quick Start

1. Connect the EKG Sensor to your PASPORT interface.

2. If you are using a computer, connect the PASPORT interface

to it and start DataStudio.

3. Apply three electrode patches to the subject’s arms and clip
the leads to the electrodes patches as illustrated in Figure 1.

Connecting the EKG Sensor to a Person

1. Rub the skin where the electrode
patches will be applied with a
paper towel to remove dead skin
and oil.

2. Apply adhesive electrode
patches to the right wrist, right
forearm just below the elbow,
and left forearm just below the
elbow (Figure 1). Press the
patches firmly for best adhesion
and signal quality.

3. Clip the EKG leads to the elec­trode patches: black to the right
wrist, green to the right forearm, and red to the left forearm.

4. Arrange the leads so that they hang loosely without straining
the patches.

Collecting Data

1. Press or click the start button to begin recording data.

4. Press or click the start button to begin recording data.

Introduction

The EKG Sensor measures electrical signals produced by the
heart. The EKG trace, displayed on a connected computer or dat­alogger, graphically illustrates the beating of the heart.

2. Have subject remain still during data collection.

About the Measurements

The sensor makes two measurements: Heart Rate (in beats per
minute) and Voltage (in mV). These measurements are recorded
and displayed by the computer or datalogger connected to the
sensor.

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EKG Sensor PS-2111

T wave

P wave

QRS complex

Heart rate and voltage measurements are acquired at the default
rate of 200 samples per second. You can lower the sample rate to
50 samples per second; however for best results, use the default
rate.

About the Electrocardiogram

Figure 2

To see the electrocardiogram (Figure 2), display voltage versus
time in a graph. One part of a typical electrocardiogram is a ‘flat
line’ or trace indicating no detectable electrical activity. This line
is called the isoelectric line. Deviation from the isoelectric line
indicates electrical activity of the heart muscles. The sensor’s
Voltage measurement represents this deviation.

Safety

• The EKG Sensor is for educational use only.

• Placement of the electrode patches on the body provides an
excellent path for current flow. Do not connect anything to
the electrode patches other than the EKG Sensor as
described in this instruction sheet.

The sensor’s circuitry protects the test subject in two ways: The
sensor signal is transmitted through an optical-isolation circuit
and power for the sensor is transferred through an isolation trans­former. The circuitry protects against accidental overvoltages of
up to 4,000 volts.

Specifications

Voltage range 0 mV to 4.5 mV

Voltage resolution 4.5 V

Sample Rate 200 samples per second

Heart rate range 47 to 250 beats per minute

Heart rate resolution 1 beat per minute

The first deviation from the isoelectric line in a typical EKG is an
upward pulse followed by a return to the isoelectric line. This is
called the P wave. This wave is caused by the depolarization of
the atria and is associated with the contraction of the atria.

After a return to the isoelectric line there is a short delay while
the heart’s atrioventricular (AV) node depolarizes and sends a
signal along the atrioventricular bundle of conducting fibers (the
bundle of his) to the Purkinje fibers, which bring depolarization
to all parts of the ventricles almost simultaneously.

After the AV node depolarizes there is a downward pulse called
the Q wave. Shortly after the Q wave there is a rapid upswing of
the line called the R wave followed by a strong downswing of the
line called the S wave and then a return to the isoelectric line.
These three waves together are called the QRS complex. This
complex is caused by the depolarization of the ventricles and is
associated the with the contraction of the ventricles.

After a short period the sodium and calcium ions that have been
involved in the contraction migrate back to their original location
in a process that involves potassium ions and the sodium-potas­sium pump. The movement of these ions generates an upward
wave that then returns to the isoelectric line. This upward pulse is
called the T wave and indicates repolarization of the ventricles.

The sequence from P wave to T wave represents one heart cycle.
The number of such cycles in a minute is called the heart rate and
is typically 70-80 cycles (or beats) per minute at rest.

Technical Support

For assistance with any PASCO product, contact PASCO at:

Address: PASCO scientific

10101 Foothills Blvd.
Roseville, CA 95747-7100

Phone: [phone] (worldwide)

800-772-8700 (U.S.)

Fax: [phone]

Web: www.pasco.com

Email: [e-mail]

For more information about the EKG Sensor and the latest revi­sion of this Instruction Sheet, visit:

www.pasco.com/go?PS-2111

Limited Warranty For a description of the product warranty, see the
PASCO catalog. Copyright The PASCO scientific 012-08007D EKG
Sensor Instruction Sheet is copyrighted with all rights reserved. Permis­sion is granted to non-profit educational institutions for reproduction of any
part of this manual, providing the reproductions are used only in their labo­ratories and classrooms, and are not sold for profit. Reproduction under
any other circumstances, without the written consent of PASCO scientific,
is prohibited. Trademarks PASCO, PASCO scientific, and PASPORT
are trademarks or registered trademarks of PASCO scientific, in the
United States and/or in other countries. All other brands, products, or ser­vice names are or may be trademarks or service marks of, and are used to
identify, products or services of, their respective owners. For more infor­mation visit www.pasco.com/legal.

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