Although the information contained herein has been carefully verified, Parvus Corporation assumes no responsibility for
errors that might appear in this document, or for damage to property or persons resulting from improper u se of this man ual or
related software. Parvus reserves the right to change the contents and form of this document, as well as the features and
specifications of its products at any time without notice. T he information in this pub lication does not r epresent a commitment
on the part of Parvus. This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright. All rights are res erved.
No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated into another language without the prior written
consent of Parvus.
Parvus Corporation
3222 S. Washington St.
Salt Lake City, Utah, USA 84115
Phone: +1 (801) 483-1533
Toll-Free: +1 (800) 483-3152
Main: +1 (801) 483-1533
Fax: +1 (801) 483-1523
Email:
Sales: sales@parvus.com
Support: tsupport@parvus.com
Web-site: http://www.parvus.com
Send us your comments and feedback: feedback@parvus.com
Parvus is a U.S. subsidiary of the Eurotech Group ( www.eurotech.com), a globa l family of technolo gy companies focu sed on
innovative embedded and high performance computing solutions.
Trademarks
All trademarks both marked and not marked, appearing in this document, are the property of their respective owners.
WEEE
The information below is issued in compliance with the regulations as set out by the 2002/96/CE directive, subsequently
superseded by 2003/108/CE, and refers electrical and elec tronic equipment and the management of their waste (WEEE).
When disposing of a dev ic e, incl uding a ll of i ts com ponents, subassemblies and materials that are an integral part of the
product, you should take the WEEE directive into consideration.
This symbol has been attached to the equipment or, in the case that this is not possible, on the packaging,
instruction literature and/or the guarantee sheet. By using this symbol it states that the device has been
marketed after August 13th 2005, and implies that you must separate all of its components when possible, and
dispose of them in accordance with local waste disposal legislations.
Because of the substances present in the equipment, an improper use or disposal of the refuse can cause damage to
human health and to the environment.
With reference to WEEE, it is compulsory not to dispose of the equipment with normal urban refuse; arrangements should be
instigated for separate collection and disposal.
For more detailed information about recycling of WEEE, please contact your local waste collection body.
In case of illicit disposal, sanctions will be levied on transgressors.
RoHS
This devic e, including all it components, subassemblies and the consumable materials that are an integral part of the
product, ha s been manufa ctured in com pliance with the European directive 2002/95/EC known as the RoHS directive
(Restrictions on the use of certain Hazardous Substances), this directive targets the reduction of certain hazardous
substances previously used in electrical and electronic equipment (EEE).
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PRV-1059User Manual
Table of Contents
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................................. 3
About PC/104....................................................................................................................................................... 6
CON2/J101: 2-Pin Power Connector.......................................................................................................... 10
Parallel LED Ports:...................................................................................................................................... 10
Switch Data Flow ............................................................................................................................................... 12
Media Access Controllers.................................................................................................................................. 12
Auto MDI-/MDIX Crossover ............................................................................................................................... 14
Com Port ..................................................................................................................................................... 17
Setting the Egress Ports.............................................................................................................................. 18
Operation of VLAN GUI Window................................................................................................................. 19
Menu Operation........................................................................................................................................... 20
Returning For Service........................................................................................................................................ 24
Eurotech Group Worldwide presence............................................................................................................... 26
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PRV-1059User Manual
Chapter 1 Introduction
This section provides a functional description of the PRV-1059.
Functional Description
PRV-1059 is a rugged VLAN-capable 5-port PC/104 Fast Ethernet switch featuring very low power consum ption
and highly reliable extended-temperature operation up to +85°C (185°F). Supporting auto-MDI-MDIX network
installation, the board is designed for simple plug-and-play operation, enabling up to five embedded computing
devices to be networked together using 10BaseT or 100BaseTX Local Area Network (LAN) connections.
Field programmable, port-based VLAN functionality is supported on select models. This powerful feature
enables any combination of ports to be connected together in subnets for use in a small secure or non -secure
network. Fully IEEE 802.3 and IEEE 802.3u compliant, its five transceiver ports are flexibly designed so that any
port can serve as an uplink. The module can either be used as a standalone net work switch (no processor board
required) or in combination with embedded systems that support a PC/104 (ISA) bus.
The card integrates fully independent media access controllers (MACs), an embedded frame buffer memory,
and a high-speed address look-up engine, along with support for auto-crossover, auto-polarity, auto-negotiation,
and bridge loop prevention.
Qualified to MIL-STD-810 environmental standards, the compact PRV-1059 switch is ideally suited to spaceconstrained, high reliability aviation, industrial, military, and transportation applications where extreme
temperature and high shock/vibration exist. The unit is only 3.550” x 3.775” (90x96 mm) in size. All versions
include mounting holes to facilitate simple installation, as well as support for local or remote monitoring of LED
activity for data RX/TX and connectivity.
Ethernet connections are made through either onboard RJ-45 jacks or right-angle, locking Molex connectors.
The 4-pin Molex headers enable embedded systems to optionally mount RJ-45 jacks in a faceplate, endcap or
enclosure using a Parvus cable set (sold separately), which includes five female Molex to RJ-45
adapters. Power connections can be made through either the PC/104 (ISA) bus or externally through a 2-p in
Molex connector.
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PRV-1059User Manual
Features
RJ-45 jack or Molex Ethernet connectors
LED activity indicators
Link/activity and speed LED’s available on separate connectors
Low power dissipation
Store-and-forward switching mode
5 Auto-configured ports (straight/twist cable connections)
Auto-negotiation and speed auto-sensing support
Ports can work at 10Mbps or 100 Mbps, full duplex or half duplex mode
Simple networking installation through auto-MDI/MDIX (All ports can act as uplink)
VLAN capability on select models
Pause frame-based switch fabric delivers true non-blocking switchi ng
Back pressure-based flow control of half duplex ports
Baseline wander correction circuitry
Highly integrated DSP-based 10/100 switch
Look-up engine supports as many as 1,024 MAC address entries
2-Pin Power Header for External Power Connections (select models only)
16-bit PC/104 Bus (select models only)
About PC/104
The PC/104 specification is characterized by its small form-factor (3.550" x 3.775"), stackable 104-pin/socket
ISA bus connector, and reduced bus signal drive, making PC/104's size, durability, expandability, reliability,
quality, and power consumption ideal for embedded computing. PC/104 technology leverages the same readily
available development tools used with personal desktop computers to dramatically improve time-to-market for
embedded systems development. The full PC/104 specification can be found at the PC/104 Consortium Web
site: http://www.pc104.org/technology/pc104_tech.html
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PRV-1059User Manual
Chapter 2 Quick Start-up
This section describes the installation of the PRV-1059.
Installation
The non-VLAN switch does not require drivers or software configuration. Users can immediately use any of the
features of the product simply by attaching the cables and supplying power to the unit through either the PC/104
bus or 2-pin power header, depending on the version purchased. The VLAN-enabled switch req uires use of the
Parvus cable (sold separately) and software to configure the VLAN settings. Configuration and connection of the
VLAN switch is described in chapter 5.
Carefully remove the board from its anti-static bag. For PC/104 applications, make sure power is turned off, then
carefully line up all pins before insertion. Attach the 10/100 Ethernet Switch into a PC/104 card stack by mating
PC/104 bus connector to PC/104 bus connector.
Installing Network Cables and Establishing Connectivity
The following types of cabling can be used with the 10/100 Ethernet Switch:
10BaseT Category 3,4 or 5 UTP/STP
100BaseTX Category 5 UTP/STP
Twisted-pair crossed cabling (10BaseT or 100BaseT) is recommended yet not required for the uplink connection
(switch-to-switch). Straight cabling for the remaining port connections (switch-to-PC) is similarly recommended,
but not required.
The board supports Auto MDI-/MDIX Crossover, which allows it to determine whether or not it needs to cross
over between receive/transmit pairs, virtually eliminating the need for an external crossover cable. If it
interoperates with a device that cannot automatically correct for crossover, the swit ch makes the necessary
adjustment prior to commencing auto-negotiation. Similarly, if the switch interoperates with a device that
implements MDI-MDIX crossover, a random algorithm determines which device performs the crossover.
The IEEE802.3ab specification, although well-written, does not clearly specify all linking conditions which may
occur between the various modes of operation of Ethernet, taking into account auto-crossover, auto-n egotiation,
and forced modes of operation (10/100 forced speeds using either full or half duplex). As a result, mixing autocrossover with forced modes of operation may lead to initial link problems whenever a cable is first “live”
connected. Also, because of incompatibilities between various switch IC manufactures related to the IEEE
802.3ab specification, occasionally, link connectivity is not established immediately. When plugging in a new
cable, if a link is not established within about 10 seconds (usually much faster!), then the user should simply
cycle the power to the switch, turning it off and back on. In all cases, cycling power should result in a successful
link, even when auto-detecting through forced modes of operation (10-base T/half, 10-base T/full, 100–base
T/half and 100-base T/full). If it isn’t possible to cycle power, then cycling power of the associated link partner
may be an option. At worst, and in rare cases, if power cannot be cycled, then eventually (within several minutes
at the most) a link should successfully be established. Therefore, in these extreme rare cases, patience may be
needed. However, once link is established, the switch will not miss packets outside of normal collision events,
even when operating in harsh conditions using very long cables up to 100-meters in length.
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PRV-1059User Manual
Chapter 3 Connector Description
This chapter provides a brief description of the connectors located on the 10/100 Ethernet Switch.
Molex Connectors
Connector Part Numbers
Ethernet (4-pin right angle) P/N: 22-12-2044; mating P/N: 10-11-2043
Power (2-pin right angle) P/N: 22-12-2024; mating P/N: 10-11-2023
LED’s (4-pin straight) P/N: 22-11-2042; mating P/N: 10-11-2043
Connector Placement
10/100 Ethernet Switch (w/ local RJ-45 Jacks)
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The PC/104 bus always uses Row A and B, while Row C and D are for 16 bit systems. B10 and C19 are keyed
locations. For more information about the PC/104 specification, please visit the PC/104 Consortium Web site:
http://www.pc104.org/technology/pc104_tech.html
e. Only +5v and GND are used. All other signals are just pass-through.
Not
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PRV-1059User Manual
Chapter 4 Operational Description
This chapter explains the operation of the switch.
Switch Data Flow
The switching portion of the PRV-1059 receives good packets from the MAC’s, proce s ses them, and forwards
them to the appropriate MACs for transmission. Processing the frames is the key activity, and involves the
Ingress Policy, the Queue Controller, the Output Queues, and the Egress Policy blocks shown below. Each port
has it’s own Ingress and Egress Policies.
Media Access Controllers
Five independent Media Access Controllers (MACs) perform the 802.3 protocol functions, including frame
formatting, frame stripping, CRC checking, CSMA/CD enforcement, collision handling, etc. Before a packet can
be sent out, the transmit block must check if the line is available for transmission. The transmit line is available
all the time when the port is in full-duplex mode, but the line could be busy receiving a packet if the port is in halfduplex mode. If the line is busy, the transmitter waits by deferring its transmission. When the line is available, the
transmission insures a minimum interpacket gap of at least 96 bits has occurred and then transmits a 56-bit
preamble and an 8-bit Start of Frame Delimiter (SFD) ahead the basic frame.
For half-duplex mode, the switch also monitors the collision signals while it is transmitting. If a collision is
detected (i.e. both transmitter and receiver of a half-duplex MAC are active at the same time), the MAC transmits
a JAM pattern and then delays the retransmission for a random time period determined by the IEE 802.3 backoff
algorithm. In full-duplex mode, the collision signal and backoff algorithm is ignored.
Backoff
In half-duplex mode, the Ethernet Switch’s MACs implement a truncated binary exponential backoff
algorithm, starting with a randomly small backoff time followed by progressively longer and longer
random backoff times. The random times prevent two or more MACs from always attempting retransmission at exactly the same time. The progressively longer backoff times give a wider random
range giving congested links a better chance of finding a winning transmitter. The MACs will rest the
progressively longer backoff time circuit after 16 consecutive re-transmit trials.
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Half- and Full-Duplex Flow Control
Half- and Full-duplex flow control is used to throttle the end station to avoid dropping packets during
network congestion. When the free buffer space is almost empty or the output queue is almost full, the
MACs force a collision in the input port when sensing an incoming packet. Full-Duplex uses frame
pauses to handle the congestion.
Address Management
The switching function of the module involves the learning how to switch packets to the correct MACs, and only
to the correct ones. The switch learns what port to which an end station is connected by remembering each
packet’s Source Address, and the port number the packet came in on.
When a packet is directed to an unlearned MAC address, the packet is transmitted to all of the ports. When an
end-station responds back, its address is learned and stored until it is aged (see se ction 3.4.4). Once a MAC
address/port is learned, all future packets directed to that address will be forwarded solely to that port.
When an end station is moved from one port to another, a new MAC address/port number association will have
to be learned, and the new one replaced. For this to occur, the old association needs to expire or “age”. These
issues are handled by the “Aging” function (see section 3.4.4).
Address Translation Unit
The Lookup Engine or Address Translation Unit (ATU) reads the Destination Address (DA) and Source
Address (SA) from each received packet, performing all address searching, learning and aging functions
for all five ports at “wire speed” rates. It uses a hashing technique for quick storage and retrieval. If
there is a hash collision, there is a four entry bin to hold MAC address with the same hash. The address
table has storage for up to 1024 entries in the embedded SRAM, and has a default 300 secon d (5 min)
aging time.
Address Searching
The address search engine searches the address database to obtain the output port number, called the
Destination Port Vector (DPV), for each frame’s Destination Address (DA). It arbitrate s de stination
address requests from the ports and grants one lookup at a time. The MAC address is hashed, and then
data is read from the SRAM table and compared to the MAC address for a match. If the compare
matches, the DPV is returned to the output port queue manager, where is may be modified by the
VLANTable data. When no match is found, a unique default DPV is returned to the output port queue
manger, which typically sends the frame to all ports (to learn the MAC address).
Address Learning
An address-learning engine is used to learn the source address. Up to 1024 MAC address/port number
mappings can be stored in the address table.
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PRV-1059User Manual
Whe
n a frame comes in, the MAC address gets hashed into the database. If no match is found, the
MAC address/port association needs to be learned. Learning consists of the following: the frame is
forwarded to all of the ports, awaiting a response from one the ports. Once a port responds, the
association is made and “learned” into the address table. If multiple ports respond, the associations are
not learned. Once a MAC address/port is learned, all future packets directed to that address will be
forwarded solely to that port.
Address Aging
Continuous address aging ensures an up-to-data address table and rapid address look-up. Once a
node is disconnected from the network segment, or if it becomes inactive, its entry is removed from the
address table. Every time a MAC address is found in the address table, the age is refreshed, keeping it
active. Aging occurs by default every 5 minutes.
Each MAC address entry in the address table contains an age value, Entry_State. The initial value of
Entry_State is 0xE. Aging occurs with a sweep of the table, the ATU reads each entry in the address
table and decrements its Entry_State. Once the Entry_state of a MAC address reaches zero, the entry
is killed and purged from the table. The speed at which aging occurs is default at 300 seconds.
Auto-Negotiation
Auto negotiating occurs when the switch negotiates with a link partner to determine the speed and duplex with
which to operate. It the partner is unable to negotiate, the switch goes to a detection mode to determine the
speed and the duplex will lock at half-duplex.
Auto MDI-/MDIX Crossover
The board determines whether or not it needs to cross over between pairs, virtually eliminating the need for an
external crossover cable. If it interoperates with a device that cannot automatically correct for crossover, the
switch makes the necessary adjustment prior to commencing auto-negotiation. Similarly, if the switch
interoperates with a device that implements MDI-MDIX crossover, a random algorithm determines which device
performs the crossover.
Port-Based VLAN
Select models of the PRV-1059 support field programmable, port-based VLAN functionality. Port-based VLANs
are a type of VLAN where packet forwarding decisions are based on the MAC address of the destination and its
associated port. With this powerful feature any combination of ports can be connected together in subnets for
use in a small secure or non-secure network.
The following diagrams are similar to those which can be seen within the Parvus VLAN software and are
included to illustrate the concept of VLAN on the PRV-1059. Figure 1 below shows a switch and all five ports
with no restrictions; any port can talk to any other port. This is the state of non-VLAN switches and is also the
factory default setting for the VLAN-enabled switch.
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PRV-1059User Manual
Figure 1) Non-VLAN configured state.
Unlike Figure 1 above, a VLAN configured switch limits which ports can communicate with each other. The
following diagram is a sample of the way that the switch may be setup.
Figure 2) Known VLAN configuration
Figure 2 is VLAN configuration where Ports 0, 1, and 2 form a VLAN. Note that port 2 may talk to port 0 but
NOT to port 1. In contrast, port 0 may talk to either port 1 or 2, and port 1 may talk to port 0 or 2.
Furthermore, ports 3 and 4 are configured to form a different VLAN and can talk to each other, but not to
the first VLAN.
Figure 3 shows another possible VLAN configuration. In this setup, port 1 can talk to all other ports. Ports 0, 3,
and 4 can only talk to port 1 and port 2 is not allowed to send data to any ports.
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Figure 3) Additional Known Configuration
PRV-1059User Manual
VLAN Software Quick Start Setup Guide
In order to change the VLAN configuration on the PRV-1059 5-port Switch, Parvus has provided the user with a
simple-to-use GUI program. Implementation of the program is through an RS-232 serial cable connection
between a COM port on the host computer and the serial port on the switch.
The following steps describe the process required to setup the VLAN software from an administrator’s (user’s)
standpoint:
I. Connect the serial port of the PRV-1059 (J5) to the COM port of the CPU using the Parvus
VLAN serial cable (PRV-1304-01, sold separately).
II. Download the ParVLAN software for the PRV-1059 from www.parvus.com/support
III. Unpack the zip file and run setup.exe to install the software
Once the switch is
VLAN configuration.
connected and the software installed, you will be able program the switch with the desired
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PRV-1059User Manual
Software Guide
This section describes how to use the VLAN GUI program to set up VLAN configurations on the PRV-1059. A
screen shot of the program is shown below.
Figure 4) VLAN GUI Window
Com Port
In order to program the PRV-1059, the computer running the software must be connected to the serial port of the
switch. The default COM port for the host computer is set to COM 1. If the user uses a different COM port, the
COM port setting can be changed by selecting the COMM menu located at the top left of the GUI window.
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PRV-1059User Manual
Setting the Egress Ports
Since port-based VLANs only govern outgoing traffic, it necessary to define the egress for all ports. An egress
port is defined as the port to which data packets are sent. A visual example is provided below.
Figure 5) Egress Port
Port-based VLAN egress ports for Figure 5:
Egress port for Port 0 : Port 4
Egress port for Port 1 : Port 2
Egress port for Port 2 : Port 1
Egress port for Port 3 : Port 4
Egress port for Port 4 : Port 3
Each port can only send data to its egress port. In this example, each port has only one egress port, but on the
PRV-1059 it is possible for each to have between zero and four egress ports.
There are 5 egress port configuration schemes ranging from “Set Egress Ports for Port 0” to “Set Egress Ports
for Port 4” on left side of the VLAN GUI window. The user can enable any possible VLAN configuration by
checking or un-checking these boxes. When each of these check-boxes is checked, there is a coordinate
displayed in the “New VLAN Configuration” graphics indicating the setting of the VLAN with a line and an arrow
pointing to the port where the data packet will be sent. There are also “all PORTs” and “Clear” buttons on right of
each scheme which can be used to set or clear all check-boxes.
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PRV-1059User Manual
Operation of VLAN GUI Window
Figure 6) Manipulations of VLAN GUI Window
In the above figure, The GUI is divided into four areas:
a) Text display window area for “Sent Command to Switch” and “Received Reply from Switch”
b) VLAN graphic window area for “New VLAN Configuration” and “Current VLAN Setting”
c) VLAN operation button area for “Apply”, “Reset”, “Query”, “Update”, “Clear all”, “SET”, “GET” and
“Exit”.
d) Parvus logo area.
The operation button area is the most important area because all VLAN configurations, setting displays,
executing the VLAN commands will be implemented by these buttons.
a) Apply– causes the “Ne
allowing the user to test the VLAN settings. Note that as soon as the switch is powered off, the
MNL-0490-01 RevD4 REF. ECO-3163 Effective: 01 Feb 10 Page 19 of 27
w VLAN Configuration” to be written to the registers of the PRV-1059
PRV-1059User Manual
setting
s in the registers will be lost. The Program menu item on the top left of the GUI must be used
to write the configuration to the firmware.
b) Reset– resets the 5-port Ethernet switch. This clears all VLAN settings and allows all ports to talk to
each other through the switch.
c) Query– queries the switch’s current VLAN settings. T he graphics displaying the current VLAN
settings on the switch will show up on the right top of the GUI window.
d) Update– copies the graphics of “Current VLAN Settings” to the “New VLAN Configuration” window
in order to easily change or modify VLAN settings based on the current VLAN settings. Note this
does not affect current VLAN settings in the switch, unless the Apply button is pressed.
e) Clear all– clears the graphics of “New VLAN Configuration” and un-checks all the check boxes for
the five VLAN configuration schemes. Note this does not affect the current VLAN settings of the
switch.
f) SET– This button is used for internal troubleshooting or testing by Parvus. Typing a command in the
text box on the top right of the GUI window, and then pressing this button will set the switch’s
registers.
g) GET– This button is used for internal troubleshooting or testing by Parvus. Pressing this button will
show the contents of the switch’s registers in the text box of “Receive Reply from Switch”.
h) Exit– Pressing this button will exit the operation of VLAN program.
Menu Operation
a) File– consists of the Password and Exit functions. The Password function is not implemented in
VLAN program version V2.0.9. The Exit function exits the program.
b) COMM– allows user to select a COM Port on the host computer.
c) Program– writes the current VLAN settings to an EEPROM on the PRV-1059. Note that every time
when you re-configure the switch using the apply button, the new VLANs a re o nly valid until power
is lost. Once you save your new VLAN settings by using the Program function, the microcontroller
on the board reads the contents from the EEPROM when the switch is powered on and initializes
the registers to set the VLANs on the switch.
d) Firmware– displays the firmware version of the microcontroller’s current software.
e) Help– has an “About” window to display the Parvus Logo and the program version number.
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PRV-1059User Manual
Chapter 5 Specifications
This chapter provides the specifications for the PRV-1059.
Technical Specification
Electrical
Requirements +5VDC Input
Power Consumption Max: +5 VDC @ 0.44A or 2.2 Watts (0.45W base + 0.35W per port used)
Environmental Specifications
This section describes the environmental standards that the PRV-1059 has either been desig ned to meet or
tested to.
Temperature
Operating: -40ºC to +85ºC
Non-Operating: -55ºC to +100ºC
Reliability (MTBF)
The following table shows the predicted values for reliability of the PRV-1059] as a Mean Time Between Failure s
(MTBF)
Before returning any Parvus product, please fill out a Returned Material Authorization (RMA) request form
available for download from the following website under the support section:
www.parvus.com
Email this form to the email address listed above to receive authorization for shipment. An RMA number will be
emailed back to you as soon as possible.
Note. You must have the RMA number in order to return any product for any reason.
Pack the module in an anti-static material and ship it in a sturdy cardboard box with enough packing material to
adequately cushion it.
Warning! Any product returned to Parvus improperly packed will immediately void the warranty for
that particular product!
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Chapter 7 Contact Info
Main Phone: +1 (801) 483-1533
Fax: +1 (801) 483-1523
Sales
+1(800) 483-3152 or (801) 483-1533,
sales@parvus.com
Product Technical Support
+1 (801) 433-6322,
tsupport@parvus.com
Customer Feedback
feedback@parvus.com
Company contact info:
®
Parvus
3222 S. Washington St.
Salt Lake City, Utah, USA 84115
(801) 483-1533, FAX (801) 483-1523
Web-site: http://www.parvus.com
Corporation
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