All products and trade names used in this document are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
Changes
The material in this documents is for information only and is subject to change
without notice.
FCC Compliance Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a
Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are
designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in
residential installations. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the
instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is not guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular
installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television
equipment reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off
and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or
more of the following measures:
1.Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
2.Move the equipment away from the receiver.
3.Plug the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which
the receiver is powered.
4.Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for help.
All external connections should be made using shielded cables.
About This Manual
This manual covers everything you need to know in learning how to install or
configure your SurfRAID TRITON Mini system. This manual also assumes
that you know the basic concepts of RAID technology. It includes the following information :
Chapter 1Introduction
Introduces you to SurfRAID TRITON Mini’s features and general technology concepts.
Chapter 2Getting Started
Helps user to identify parts of the SurfRAID TRITON Mini and prepare the
hardware for configuration.
Chapter 3Configuring
Quick Setup
Provides a simple way to setup your SurfRAID TRITON Mini.
Customizing Setup
Provides step-by-step instructions to help you to do setup or re-configure
your SurfRAID TRITON Mini.
Chapter 4Array Maintenance
Updating Firmware
Provides step-by-step instructions to help you to update the firmware to the
latest version.
The SurfRAID TRITON Mini is an Ultra 320 LVD SCSI-to-Serial ATA II RAID
(Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks) disk array. It consists of a RAID
disk array controller and four (4) disk trays.
The SurfRAID TRITON Mini is “Host Independent” supporting RAID levels 0,
1, 3, 5, 0+1 and JBOD. Regardless of the RAID level that the SurfRAID TRITON Mini is configured for, each RAID array consists of a set of disks which
to the user appears to be a single large disk capacity.
One unique feature of these RAID levels is that data is spread across separate disks as a result of the redundant manner in which data is stored in a
RAID array. If a disk in the RAID array fails, the SurfRAID TRITON Mini continues to function without any risk of data loss. This is because redundant
information is stored separately from the data. The redundant information can
be used to reconstruct any data that was stored on a failed disk. In other
words, the SurfRAID TRITON Mini can tolerate the failure of a drive without
losing data while operating independently of each other.
The SurfRAID TRITON Mini is also equipped with an environment controller
which is capable of accurately monitoring the internal environment, such as
its power supplies, fans, temperatures and voltages. Its modular design allows hot-swapping of hard drives without interrupting the SurfRAID TRITON
Mini’s operation.
Introduction
1-1
1.1 Key Features
SurfRAID TRITON Mini Features:
vFeatures an Intel 80321 64 bit RISC I/O processor
v128MB cache memory
vUltra 320 SCSI LVD host port
vSupports up to four (4) 1" hot-swappable Serial ATA II hard drives
v250W power supply with PFC
vHigh quality advanced cooling fans
vLocal audible event notification alarm
vSupports password protection and UPS connection
vBuilt-in R-Link LAN port interface for remote management & event
notification
vReal time drive activity and status indicators
RAID Function Features:
vSupports RAID levels 0, 1, 0+1, 3, 5 and JBOD
vSupports hot spare and automatic hot rebuild
vAllows online capacity expansion within the enclosure
vTagged command queuing for 256 commands, allows for overlapping
data streams
vTransparent data protection for all popular operating systems
vBad block auto-remapping
vSupports multiple array enclosures per host connection
vMultiple RAID selection
vArray roaming
vOnline RAID level migration
1-2
Introduction
1.2 RAID Concepts
RAID Fundamentals
The basic idea of RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is to combine
multiple inexpensive disk drives into an array of disk drives to obtain performance,
capacity and reliability that exceeds that of a single large drive. The array of
drives appears to the host computer as a single logical drive.
Five types of array architectures, RAID 1 through RAID 5, were originally defined,
each provides disk fault-tolerance with different compromises in features and
performance. In addition to these five redundant array architectures, it has become
popular to refer to a non-redundant array of disk drives as a RAID 0 array.
Disk Striping
Fundamental to RAID technology is striping. This is a method of combining
multiple drives into one logical storage unit. Striping partitions the storage
space of each drive into stripes, which can be as small as one sector (512
bytes) or as large as several megabytes. These stripes are then interleaved
in a rotating sequence, so that the combined space is composed alternately
of stripes from each drive. The specific type of operating environment determines whether large or small stripes should be used.
Most operating systems today support concurrent disk I/O operations across
multiple drives. However, in order to maximize throughput for the array, the I/O
load must be balanced across all the drives so that each drive can be kept busy
as much as possible. In a multiple drive system without striping, the disk I/O load
is never perfectly balanced. Some drives will contain data files that are frequently
accessed and some drives will rarely be accessed.
Introduction
1-3
By striping the drives in the array with stripes large enough so that each record
falls entirely within one stripe, most records can be evenly distributed across all
drives. This keeps all drives in the array busy during heavy load situations. This
situation allows all drives to work concurrently on different I/O operations, and
thus maximize the number of simultaneous I/O operations that can be performed
by the array.
Definition of RAID Levels
RAID 0 is typically defined as a group of striped disk drives without parity or data
redundancy. RAID 0 arrays can be configured with large stripes for multi-user
environments or small stripes for single-user systems that access long sequential
records. RAID 0 arrays deliver the best data storage efficiency and performance
of any array type. The disadvantage is that if one drive in a RAID 0 array fails, the
entire array fails.
1-4
Introduction
RAID 1, also known as disk mirroring, is simply a pair of disk drives that store
duplicate data but appear to the computer as a single drive. Although striping is
not used within a single mirrored drive pair, multiple RAID 1 arrays can be striped
together to create a single large array consisting of pairs of mirrored drives. All
writes must go to both drives of a mirrored pair so that the information on the
drives is kept identical. However, each individual drive can perform simultaneous,
independent read operations. Mirroring thus doubles the read performance of a
single non-mirrored drive and while the write performance is unchanged. RAID 1
delivers the best performance of any redundant array type. In addition, there is
less performance degradation during drive failure than in RAID 5 arrays.
Introduction
1-5
RAID 3 sector-stripes data across groups of drives, but one drive in the group is
dedicated to storing parity information. RAID 3 relies on the embedded ECC in
each sector for error detection. In the case of drive failure, data recovery is
accomplished by calculating the exclusive OR (XOR) of the information recorded
on the remaining drives. Records typically span all drives, which optimizes the
disk transfer rate. Because each I/O request accesses every drive in the array,
RAID 3 arrays can satisfy only one I/O request at a time. RAID 3 delivers the
best performance for single-user, single-tasking environments with long records.
Synchronized-spindle drives are required for RAID 3 arrays in order to avoid
performance degradation with short records. RAID 5 arrays with small stripes
can yield similar performance to RAID 3 arrays.
1-6
Introduction
Under RAID 5 parity information is distributed across all the drives. Since there
is no dedicated parity drive, all drives contain data and read operations can be
overlapped on every drive in the array. Write operations will typically access one
data drive and one parity drive. However, because different records store their
parity on different drives, write operations can usually be overlapped.
Introduction
1-7
Dual-level RAID achieves a balance between the increased data availability
inherent in RAID 1 and RAID 5 and the increased read performance inherent in
disk striping (RAID 0). These arrays are sometimes referred to as RAID 0+1 or
RAID 10 and RAID 0+5 or RAID 50.
In summary:
vRAID 0 is the fastest and most efficient array type but offers no fault-
tolerance. RAID 0 requires a minimum of two drives.
vRAID 1 is the best choice for performance-critical, fault-tolerant
environments. RAID 1 is the only choice for fault-tolerance if no more than
two drives are used.
vRAID 3 can be used to speed up data transfer and provide fault-tolerance
in single-user environments that access long sequential records. However,
RAID 3 does not allow overlapping of multiple I/O operations and requires
synchronized-spindle drives to avoid performance degradation with short
records. RAID 5 with a small stripe size offers similar performance.
vRAID 5 combines efficient, fault-tolerant data storage with good
performance characteristics. However, write performance and performance
during drive failure is slower than with RAID 1. Rebuild operations also
require more time than with RAID 1 because parity information is also
reconstructed. At least three drives are required for RAID 5 arrays.
1-8
Introduction
RAID Management
The SurfRAID TRITON Mini can implement several different levels of RAID
technology. RAID levels supported by the SurfRAID TRITON Mini are shown
below.
RAID
Level
0
1
3
5
0 + 1
Description
Block striping is provide, which yields higher performance than with
individual drives. There is no redundancy.
Drives are paired and mirrored. All data is 100% duplicated on an
equivalent drive. Fully redundant.
Data is striped across several physical drives. Parity protection is used
for data redundancy.
Data is striped across several physical drives. Parity protection is used
for data redundancy.
Combination of RAID levels 0 and 1. This level provides striping and
redundancy through mirroring.
Min
Drives
2
2
3
3
4
Introduction
1-9
1.3 SCSI Concepts
Before configuring the SurfRAID TRITON Mini, you must first understand
some basic SCSI concepts so that the SurfRAID TRITON Mini and SCSI
devices will function properly.
1.3.1 Multiple SCSI Format Support
The SurfRAID TRITON Mini support the SCSI interface standards listed below. Note that the data bit and cable length restrictions must be followed.
SCSI Type
SCSI-1
Fast SCSI
Fast Wide SCSI
Ultra SCSI
Ultra Wide SCSI
Ultra 2 SCSI
Ultra 2 Wide SCSI
Ultra 160 Wide LVD
Ultra 320 SCSI LVD
Data Bit
8 Bits
8 Bits
16 Bits
8 Bits
16 Bits
8 Bits
16 Bits
16 Bits
16 Bits
Data Rate
5 MB/Sec
10 MB/Sec
20 MB/Sec
20 MB/Sec
40 MB/Sec
40 MB/Sec
80 MB/Sec
160MB/Sec
320MB/Sec
Cable Length
6 m
3 m
3 m
1.5 m
1.5 m
12 m
12 m
12 m
12 m
1.3.2 Host SCSI ID Selection
A SCSI ID is an identifier assigned to SCSI devices which enables them to
communicate with a computer when they are attached to a host adapter via
the SCSI bus. Each SCSI device, and the host adapter itself, must have a
SCSI ID number (Ultra 320 Wide SCSI = 0 to 15). The ID defines each SCSI
device on the SCSI bus. If there is more than one SCSI adapter in the SurfRAID TRITON Mini, each adapter forms a separate SCSI bus. SCSI IDs can
be reused as long as the ID is assigned to a device on a separate SCSI bus.
Refer to the documentation that came with your peripheral device to determine the ID and how to change it. The SurfRAID TRITON Mini must be
assigned a unique SCSI ID ranging from 0 to 15. The default value is ID 0.
1-10
Introduction
1.3.3 Terminators
Based on SCSI specifications, the SCSI bus must be terminated at both
ends, meaning the devices that are connected to the ends of the SCSI bus
must have their bus terminators enabled. Devices connected in the middle of
the SCSI bus must have their terminators disabled. Proper termination allows
data and SCSI commands to be transmitted reliably on the SCSI bus. The
host adapter and the SCSI devices attached to it must be properly terminated, or they will not work reliably.
Termination means that terminators are installed in the devices at each end
of the bus. Some SCSI devices require you to manually insert or remove the
terminators. Other devices have built-in terminators that are enabled or disabled via switches or software commands. Refer to the device’s documentation on how to enable or disable termination.
Introduction
1-11
1.4 Array Definition
1.4.1 RAID Set
A RAID Set is a group of disks containing one or more Volume Sets. It is
impossible to have multiple RAID Sets on the same disks.
A Volume Set must be created either on an existing RAID Set or on a group
of available individual disks (disks that are not yet a part of an RAID Set). If
there are pre-existing RAID Sets with available capacity and enough disks for
the desired RAID level, then the Volume Set will be created in the existing
RAID Set of the user’s choice. If physical disks of different capacity are
grouped together in a RAID Set, then the capacity of the smallest disk will
become the effective capacity of all the disks in the RAID Set.
1.4.2 Volume Set
A Volume Set is seen by the host system as a single logical device. It is
organized in a RAID level with one or more physical disks. RAID level refers
to the level of data performance and protection of a Volume Set. A Volume
Set capacity can consume all or a portion of the disk capacity available in a
RAID Set. Multiple Volume Sets can exist on a group of disks in a RAID Set.
Additional Volume Sets created in a specified RAID Set will reside on all the
physical disks in the RAID Set. Thus each Volume Set on the RAID Set will
have its data spread evenly across all the disks in the RAID Set. Volume
Sets of different RAID levels may coexist on the same RAID Set.
In the illustration below, Volume 1 can be assigned a RAID 5 level of operation while Volume 0 might be assigned a RAID 0+1 level of operation.
RAID 0 and RAID 1 Volume Sets can be used immediately after the creation.
But the RAID 3 and 5 Volume Sets must be initialized to generate the parity.
In the Normal Initialization, the initialization proceeds as a background task,
the Volume Set is fully accessible for system reads and writes. The operating
system can instantly access to the newly created arrays without requiring a
reboot and waiting the initialization complete. Furthermore, the RAID Volume
Set is also protected against a single disk failure while initialing. In Fast Initialization, the initialization proceeds must be completed before the Volume Set
ready for system accesses.
1.4.3.2Array Roaming
The SurfRAID TRITON Mini stores configuration information both in NVRAM
and on the disk drives It can protect the configuration settings in the case of
a disk drive or controller failure. Array roaming allows the administrators the
ability to move a complete RAID Set to another system without losing RAID
configuration and data on that RAID Set. If a server fails to work, the RAID
Set disk drives can be moved to another server and inserted in any order.
Introduction
1-13
1.4.3.3Online Capacity Expansion
Online Capacity Expansion makes it possible to add one or more physical
drives to a Volume Set, while the server is in operation, eliminating the need
to store and restore after reconfiguring the RAID Set. When disks are added
to a RAID Set, unused capacity is added to the end of the RAID Set. Data on
the existing Volume Sets residing on that RAID Set is redistributed evenly
across all the disks. A contiguous block of unused capacity is made available
on the RAID Set. The unused capacity can create additional Volume Set. The
expansion process is illustrated as following figure.
The SurfRAID TRITON Mini controller redistributes the original Volume Set
over the original and newly added disks, using the same fault-tolerance configuration. The unused capacity on the expand RAID Set can then be
used to create an additional Volume Sets, with a different fault tolerance setting if user need to change.
1-14
Introduction
1.4.3.4Online RAID Level and Stripe Size Migration
A user can migrate both the RAID level and stripe size of an existing Volume
Set, while the server is online and the Volume Set is in use. Online RAID
level/stripe size migration can prove helpful during performance tuning activities as well as in the event that additional physical disks are added to the
SurfRAID TRITON Mini. For example, in a system using two drives in RAID
level 1, you could add capacity and retain fault tolerance by adding one drive.
With the addition of third disk, you have the option of adding this disk to your
existing RAID logical drive and migrating from RAID level 1 to 5. The result
would be parity fault tolerance and double the available capacity without taking the system off.
1.4.4 High availability
1.4.4.1 Creating Hot Spares
A hot spare drive is an unused online available drive, which is ready for replacing the failure disk drive. In a RAID level 1, 0+1, 3, or 5 RAID Set, any
unused online available drive installed but not belonging to a RAID Set can be
defined as a hot spare drive. Hot spares permit you to replace failed drives
without powering down the system. When SurfRAID TRITON Mini detects a
drive failure, the system will automatically and transparently rebuild the RAID
set using hot spare drives. The RAID Set will be reconfigured and rebuilt in
the background, while the SurfRAID TRITON Mini continues to handle system
requests. During the automatic rebuild process, system activity will continue
as normal, however, system performance and fault tolerance will be affected.
Important:
The hot spare must have at least the same or more capacity as the
drive it replaces.
Introduction
1-15
1.4.4.2 Hot-Swap Disk Drive Support
The SurfRAID TRITON Mini has a protection circuit to support the replacement of hard disk drives without having to shut down or reboot the system.
The removable hard drive tray allows a “hot swappable,” fault-tolerant RAID
solution at price much less than that of conventional SCSI hard disk RAID
systems.
1.4.4.3 Hot-Swap Disk Rebuild
A Hot-Swap function can be used to rebuild disk drives in arrays with data
redundancy such as RAID level 1(0+1), 3 and 5. If a hot spare is not available, the failed disk drive must be replaced with a new disk drive so that the
data on the failed drive can be rebuilt. If a hot spare is available, the rebuild
starts automatically when a drive fails. The SurfRAID TRITON Mini automatically and transparently rebuilds failed drives in the background with user-definable rebuild rates. The SurfRAID TRITON Mini will automatically restart the
system and rebuild if the system is shut down or powered off abnormally
during a reconstruction procedure condition. When a disk is “Hot-Swapped”,
although the system remains operational, it will no longer be fault tolerant.
Fault tolerance will be lost until the removed drive is replaced and the rebuild
operation is complete.
1-16
Introduction
Chapter 2
Getting Started
Getting started with the SurfRAID TRITON Mini consists of the
following steps:
-Unpack the SurfRAID TRITON Mini.
-Identify the Parts of the SurfRAID TRITON Mini.
-Install the Hard Drives.
-Connect the SCSI Cables.
-Set SCSI Termination.
-Power on the SurfRAID TRITON Mini.
2.1 Unpacking the SurfRAID TRITON Mini
Unpack the SurfRAID TRITON Mini and verify that the contents of the shipping carton are all there and in good condition. Before removing the SurfRAID
TRITON Mini from the shipping carton, visually inspect the physical condition
of the shipping carton. Exterior damage to the shipping carton may indicate
that the contents of the carton are damaged. If any damage is found, do not
remove the components; contact Partners at 800-550-3005.
The package contains the following items:
Getting Started
2-1
•SurfRAID TRITON Mini unit
•One power cord
•One external null modem cable
•One external UPS cable
•One RJ-45 ethernet cable
•Installation Reference Guide
Getting Started
2-2
2.2 Identifying Parts of the SurfRAID TRITON Mini
The illustrations below identify the various features of the SurfRAID TRITON
Mini. Get yourself familiar with these terms as it will help you when you read
further in the following sections.
2.2.1 Front View
LCD
Display
Access LED
Status LED
Door latch
Slot 1
Slot 2
Disk trays
Slot 3
Slot 4
Getting Started
Key lock
2-3
Parts
Access LEDs
Status LEDs
Door latch
Key lock
These LEDs will blink red only when the hard drive is being accessed.
These LEDs indicate the status of the hard drives. The color of the
LED changes according to its operating status.
Green: Normal operation.
Orange: Drive failure.
Red: Hard drive is powered off or no drive is installed in the slot.
Latch the front panel.
Turn key clockwise to lock tray.
2.2.2 Front Panel
Power LED
Busy LED
Function
Down button
Up button
Parts
Power LED
Busy LED
Up and Down
arrow buttons
Select button
Exit button
Exit button
Select button
Function
Green LED indicates power is on.
Orange blinking LED indicates data is being accessed.
Use the Up or Down arrow keys to go through the information
on the LCD screen. This is also used to move between each
menu when you configure the SurfRAID TRITON Mini.
This is used to enter the option you have selected.
Press this button to return to the previous menu.
Getting Started
2-4
2.2.3 Rear View
Host Channel A
FAN 1
Power supply
AC power input socket
R-Link Port
FAN 2
UPS port
Monitor port
Power Supply
on / off switch
1. Host Channel A
The SurfRAID TRITON Mini is equipped with one host channel. It has two 68pin SCSI connectors at the rear for SCSI in and out.
2. Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) Port
The SurfRAID TRITON Mini comes with a UPS port allowing you to connect
a UPS device. Connect the cable from the UPS device to the UPS port located at the rear. This will automatically allow the SurfRAID TRITON Mini to
use the functions and features of the UPS.
3. Monitor Port
The SurfRAID TRITON Mini is equipped with a serial monitor port allowing
you to connect a PC or terminal.
4. R-Link Port : Remote Link through RJ-45 ethernet for remote management
The SurfRAID TRITON Mini is equipped with one 10/100 Ethernet RJ45 LAN
port. You use web browser to manage remote configuration and monitoring
via this port.
Link LED: Green LED indicates ethernet is linking.
Link speed LED: Orange LED indicates the link speed is 100Mbps. The LED
will not blink when the link speed is 10Mbps.
Getting Started
2-5
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