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Nortel Ethernet Switch 460/470

Conﬁguration — System Monitoring

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NN47210-503 (217107-B)

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Document status: Standard Document version: 01.01 Document date: 22 February 2007

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Revision History

Version Reason for revision

01.01

Updated software and document references for Release 3.7 software.

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6 Revision History

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Preface 11

About this guide 11 Network management tools and interfaces 11 Before you begin 12 Text conventions 12 Related publications 13 Obtaining technical assistance 14

Chapter 1 Network monitoring 15

System Log 15

Port mirroring 17

Port Statistics screen 25

System Log screen 15 Displaying most recent log entry ﬁrst 16

Port-based mirroring conﬁguration 18 Address-based mirroring conﬁguration 19 Port mirroring conﬁguration rules 21 Port Mirroring Conﬁguration screen 22

Chapter 2 Conﬁguring network monitoring using CLI 31

Setting the system event log 31

Enabling remote logging 35

show logging 35 logging remote enable command 36 no logging remote enable command 37 logging remote address command 37 no logging remote address command 37 logging remote level command 38 no logging remote level command 38 default logging remote level command 39

Using port mirroring 39

show port-mirroring command 39 port-mirroring command 40 no port-mirroring command 41

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8 Contents

Displaying port statistics 41

show port-statistics command 42 clear-stats command 43

Chapter 3 Conﬁguring network monitoring using Device

Manager 45

System Log Settings tab 45 Remote System Log tab 47 Graphing chassis statistics 49

IP tab 49 ICMP In tab 53 ICMP Out tab 54

Graphing port statistics 56

Interface tab for graphing ports 57 Ethernet Errors tab for graphing ports 59 Bridge tab for graphing ports 62

Chapter 4 Conﬁguring network monitoring using Web-based

management 65

Viewing the system log 65 Conﬁguring port mirroring 67 Viewing system statistics 71

Viewing port statistics 71 Viewing all port errors 74 Viewing interface statistics 76 Viewing Ethernet error statistics 77 Viewing transparent bridging statistics 79

Monitoring MLT trafﬁc 81

Chapter 5 Conﬁguring RMON using the CLI 83

show rmon alarm 83 show rmon event 84 show rmon history 84 show rmon stats 85 rmon alarm 86 no rmon alarm 87 rmon event 88 no rmon event 88 rmon history 88 no rmon history 89 rmon stats 89 no rmon stats 90

Chapter 6 Conﬁguring RMON using Device Manager 91

Working with RMON information 91

RMON history 92

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Contents 9

Creating a history 92 Disabling history 94 Viewing RMON history statistics 94 Enabling Ethernet statistics gathering 96 Disabling Ethernet statistics gathering 98

RMON Alarms 98

How RMON alarms work 98 Creating alarms 100 Alarm Manager example 100 Viewing RMON statistics 103

RMON events 106

How events work 106 Viewing an event 106 Creating an event 108 Deleting an event 109

RMON Log information 109

RMON tab for graphing ports 110

Chapter 7 Conﬁguring RMON using Web-based management113

Conﬁguring RMON fault threshold parameters 113

Creating an RMON fault threshold 113

Deleting an RMON threshold conﬁguration 116 Viewing the RMON fault event log 117 Viewing RMON Ethernet statistics 118 Viewing RMON history 120

Appendix A Quick steps for port mirroring 123

Conﬁguring port mirroring 123

Index 126

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Preface

About this guide

This guide provides information about system logging, displaying system statistics, and conﬁguring network monitoring on the Nortel Ethernet Switch 460 and Nortel Ethernet Switch 470.

Network management tools and interfaces

The following are the management tools and interfaces available with the switch (for basic instructions on these tools, refer to the Nortel Ethernet Switch 460/470 Overview — System Conﬁguration (NN47210-501)):

•

Console interface The console interface (CI) allows you to conﬁgure and manage the

switch locally or remotely. Access the CI menu and screens locally through a console terminal attached to your Ethernet Switch, remotely through a dial-up modem connection, or in-band through a Telnet session.

•

Web-based management You can manage the network from the World Wide Web and can access

the Web-based Graphical User Interface (GUI) through the HTML-based browser located on your network. The GUI allows you to conﬁgure, monitor, and maintain your network through web browsers. You can also download software using the web.

•

Java-based Device Manager The Device Manager is a set of Java-based graphical network

management applications that is used to conﬁgure and manage Ethernet Switches 460 and 470.

• Command Line Interface (CLI)

The CLI is used to automate general management and conﬁguration of the Ethernet Switches 460 and 470. Use the CLI through a Telnet connection or through the serial port on the console.

•

Any generic SNMP-based network management software

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12 Preface

You can use any generic SNMP-based network management software to conﬁgure and manage Ethernet Switches 460 and 470.

•

Telnet Telnet allows you to access the CLI and CI menu and screens locally

using an in-band Telnet session.

•

SSH Secure Shell (SSH) is a client/server protocol that can provide a secure

remote login with encryption of data, user name, and password. For details on SSH connections, refer to Nortel Ethernet Switch 460/470 Security — Conﬁguration (NN47210-500).

• Nortel Enterprise Policy Manager

The Nortel Enterprise Policy Manager (formerly Optivity Policy Services) allows you to conﬁgure the Ethernet Switches 460 and 470 with a single system.

Before you begin

This guide is intended for network administrators with the following background:

•

Basic knowledge of networks, bridging, and IP

•

Familiarity with networking concepts and terminology

•

Basic knowledge of network topologies

Before using this guide, you must complete the installation procedures discussed in Nortel Ethernet Switch 460-24T-PWR — Installation (NN47210-300) or Nortel Ethernet Switch 470 — Installation (NN47210-301) .

Text conventions

angle brackets (< >) Indicate that you choose the text to enter based on

braces ({}) Indicate required elements in syntax descriptions

the description inside the brackets. Do not type the brackets when entering the command.

Example: If the command syntax is ip default-gateway <XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX>, you enter

ip default-gateway 192.32.10.12

where there is more than one option. You must choose only one of the options. Do not type the braces when entering the command.

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Related publications 13

Example: If the command syntax is

http-server {enable | disable}

the options are enable or disable.

brackets ([ ]) Indicate optional elements in syntax descriptions. Do

not type the brackets when entering the command.

Example: If the command syntax is

show ip [bootp], you can enter either

show ip or show ip bootp.

plain Courier text

Indicates command syntax and system output.

Example:

TFTP Server IP Address: 192.168.100.15

vertical line | Separates choices for command keywords and

H.H.H. Enter a MAC address in this format

Related publications

For more information about managing or using the switches, refer to the following publications:

•

Release Notes — Software Release 3.7 (NN47210-400)

•

Nortel Ethernet Switch 460-24T-PWR — Installation (NN47210-300)

•

Nortel Ethernet Switch 470 — Installation (NN47210-301)

•

Nortel Ethernet Switch 460/470 Overview — System Conﬁguration (NN47210-501)

arguments. Enter only one of the choices. Do not type the vertical line when entering the command.

Example: If the command syntax is

cli password <serial | telnet>, you must enter either cli password serial or cli password telnet, but not both.

(XXXX.XXXX.XXXX).

• Nortel Ethernet Switch 460/470 Security — Conﬁguration

(NN47210-500)

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14 Preface

•

Nortel Ethernet Switch 460/470 Conﬁguration — Quality of Service and IP Filtering (NN47210-502)

•

Nortel Ethernet Switch 460/470 Conﬁguration — IP Multicast Routing Protocols (NN47210-504)

• Nortel Ethernet Switch 460/470 Conﬁguration — VLANs, Spanning Tree,

and Multilink Trunking (NN47210-505)

•

Installing Gigabit Interface Converters and Small Form Factor Pluggable Interface Converters (312865-B)

You can print selected technical manuals and release notes free, directly from the Internet. Go to w you need documentation. Then locate the speciﬁc category and model or version for your hardware or software product. Use Adobe* Acrobat Reader* to open the manuals and release notes, search for the sections you need, and print them on most standard printers. Go to the Adobe Systems web site to download a free copy of the Adobe Acrobat Reader.

Obtaining technical assistance

If you purchased a service contract for your Nortel product from a distributor or authorized reseller, contact the technical support staff for that distributor or reseller for assistance.

ww.nortel.com/support. Find the product for which

If you purchased a Nortel service program, contact one of the following Nortel Technical Solutions Centers:

Technical Solutions Center

Europe, Middle East, and Africa (33) (4) 92-966-968 North America (800) 4NORTEL or (800) 466-7835 Asia Pacific (61) (2) 9927-8800 China (800) 810-5000

Telephone

Additional information about the Nortel Technical Solutions Centers is available from www.nortel.com/callus.

An Express Routing Code (ERC) is available for many Nortel products and services. When you use an ERC, your call is routed to a technical support person who specializes in supporting that product or service. To locate an ERC for your product or service, go to w

ww.nortel.com/erc.

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Chapter 1 Network monitoring

The Ethernet Switches 460 and 470 provide features that allow you to monitor your network, display switch statistics, and log system events.

This chapter discusses the following topics:

•

"System Log" (page 15)

• "Port mirroring" (page 17)

•

"Port Statistics screen" (page 25)

System Log

System Log messages operate as follows:

•

Non-volatile memory messages are retrievable after a system reset.

• Messages can be viewed while the system is operational.

•

All non-volatile and dynamic memory messages are time stamped.

•

When you restart your system after a reset, the dynamic memory messages are deleted.

•

After a reset, all messages stored in non-volatile memory are copied to dynamic memory. The messages copied to dynamic memory are time stamped to zero (0).

•

Starting with Release 3.6 software, Ethernet Switches460 and 470 save the last 100 commands entered to a command history log in NVRAM. This history is periodically copied from NVRAM to the remote syslog server. For details, refer to Nortel Ethernet Switch 460/470 Security — Conﬁguration (NN47210-500).

System Log screen

In the Console Interface, the System Log screen (Figure 1 "System Log

screen" (page 16)) displays or clears messages obtained from system

non-volatile memory or dynamic memory. To open the System Log screen:

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16 Chapter 1 Network monitoring

è Choose Display System Log (or type y) from the main menu.

Figure 1 System Log screen

Displaying most recent log entry ﬁrst

This option allows you to view the system log with the most recent entry displayed ﬁrst; the rest of the log entries are listed in reverse chronological order.

Table 1 "System Log screen ﬁelds" (page 16) describes the System Log

screen ﬁelds.

Table 1 System Log screen ﬁelds

Field Description

Display Messages From This field allows you to select the memory source your messages

are obtained from. Choose Non Volatile, Volatile, or Volatile + Non Volatile. Use the spacebar to toggle between the options.

Default Non Volatile

Range Non Volatile, Volatile + Non Volatile

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Field Description

Port mirroring 17

Display configuration complete?

Clear Messages From This field allows you to clear the information messages from dynamic

This field allows you to determine whether the configuration information received from non-volatile or dynamic memory (depending on what is selected in the Display Messages From field) is complete. Use the spacebar to toggle between the options.

Default No

Range No, Yes

or non-volatile memory or both. If you clear dynamic messages, existing non-volatile messages are copied into dynamic memory. After a system reset, all existing non-volatile messages are copied to dynamic memory. Use the spacebar to toggle between the options.

Default None

Range None, Non Volatile, Volatile + Non Volatile

Port mirroring

You can designate one of your switch ports to monitor trafﬁc on any two speciﬁed switch ports (port-based) or to monitor trafﬁc to or from any two speciﬁed addresses that the switch has learned (address-based).

The following sections provide sample conﬁgurations using the Console Interface for both monitoring modes available with the port mirroring feature:

•

Port-based mirroring

•

Address-based mirroring

A sample Port Mirroring Conﬁguration screen accompanies each network conﬁguration example. Notethat the examples do not show all of the screen prompts that precede some actions.

Note: Use the CI menus, the CLI, or the Web-based management system to conﬁgure port mirroring.

For example, when you conﬁgure a switch for port mirroring or when you modify an existing port mirroring conﬁguration, the new conﬁguration does not take effect until you respond [Yes] to the following screen prompt:

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18 Chapter 1 Network monitoring

Port-based mirroring conﬁguration

Figure 2 "Port-based mirroring conﬁguration example" (page 18) shows an

example of a port-based mirroring conﬁguration where port 23 is designated as the monitor port for ports 24 and 25 of Switch S1. Although this example shows ports 24 and 25 monitored by the monitor port (port 23), any of the trunk members of T1 and T2 can also be monitored.

In this example, port X and port Y are members of Trunk T1 and Trunk T2. Port X and port Y are not required to always be members of Trunk T1 and Trunk T2.

Note: Trunks cannot be monitored and trunk members cannot be conﬁgured as monitor ports (see Nortel Ethernet Switch 460/470

Conﬁguration — VLANs, Spanning Tree, and Multilink Trunking (NN47210-505) for details).

Figure 2 "Port-based mirroring conﬁguration example" (page 18) shows the

Port Mirroring Conﬁguration screen setup for this example.

Figure 2 Port-based mirroring conﬁguration example

In the conﬁguration example shown in Figure 2 "Port-based mirroring

conﬁguration example" (page 18), the designated monitor port (port 23) can

be set to monitor trafﬁc in any of the following modes:

•

Monitor all trafﬁc received by port X.

•

Monitor all trafﬁc transmitted by port X.

•

Monitor all trafﬁc received and transmitted by port X.

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Port mirroring 19

•

Monitor all trafﬁc received by port X or transmitted by port Y.

•

Monitor all trafﬁc received by port X (destined to port Y) and then transmitted by port Y.

•

Monitor all trafﬁc received/transmitted by port X and transmitted/received by port Y (conversations between port X and port Y).

As shown in the Port Mirroring Conﬁguration screen example (Figure 3 "Port

Mirroring Conﬁguration port-based screen example" (page 19)), port 23 is

designated as the Monitor Port for ports 24 and 25 in Switch S1.

Note: The Unit value (in the Unit/Port ﬁeld) is not conﬁgurable when the switch is operating.

The Monitoring Mode ﬁeld [ - > Port X or Port Y - > ] indicates that all trafﬁc received by port X

or all trafﬁc transmitted by port Y is currently being

monitored by the StackProbe attached to Monitor Port 23. The screen data displayed at the bottom of the screen shows the currently

active port mirroring conﬁguration.

Figure 3 Port Mirroring Conﬁguration port-based screen example

Address-based mirroring conﬁguration

Figure 4 "Address-based mirroring conﬁguration example" (page 20) shows

an example of an address-based mirroring conﬁguration where port 23, the designated monitor port for Switch S1, is monitoring trafﬁc occurring between address A and address B.

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20 Chapter 1 Network monitoring

Figure 4 Address-based mirroring conﬁguration example

In this conﬁguration, the designated monitor port (port 23) can be set to monitor trafﬁc in any of the following modes:

•

Monitor all trafﬁc transmitted from address A to any address.

•

Monitor all trafﬁc received by address A from any address.

•

Monitor all trafﬁc received by or transmitted by address A.

•

Monitor all trafﬁc transmitted by address A to address B.

• Monitor all trafﬁc between address A and address B (conversation

between the two stations).

Figure 5 "Port Mirroring Conﬁguration address-based screen example" (page 21) shows the Port Mirroring Conﬁguration screen setup for this

example. In this example, port 23 becomes the designated Monitor Port for Switch S1

when you press Enter in response to the [Yes] screen prompt.

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Note: The screen data displayed at the bottom of the screen changes to show the new currently active port mirroring conﬁguration after you press Enter.

The Monitoring Mode ﬁeld [ Address A - > Address B ] indicates that all trafﬁc transmitted by address A to address B is monitored by the StackProbe attached to Monitor Port 23.

Note: When you enter MAC addresses in this screen, they are also displayed in the MAC Address Table screen EAPOL.

Figure 5 Port Mirroring Conﬁguration address-based screen example

Port mirroring 21

Port mirroring conﬁguration rules

The following conﬁguration rules apply to any port mirroring conﬁguration:

•

You cannot conﬁgure a monitor port as a trunk member or IGMP member.

•

A monitor port cannot be used for normal switch functions.

•

When you conﬁgure a port as a monitor port, the port is automatically disabled from participating in the spanning tree. When you reconﬁgure the port as a standard switch port (no longer a monitor port), the port is enabled for spanning tree participation.

•

When you create a port-based port mirroring conﬁguration, be sure that the monitor port and both of the mirrored ports, port X and port Y, have the same conﬁguration. Use the VLAN Conﬁguration screen to conﬁgure the VLAN EAPOL.

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22 Chapter 1 Network monitoring

•

VLAN conﬁguration settings for any ports conﬁgured for port-based mirroring cannot be changed. Use the Port Mirroring Conﬁguration screen to disable port mirroring (or reconﬁgure the port mirroring ports), then change the VLAN conﬁguration settings.

•

For port-based monitoring of trafﬁc, use one of the following modes for monitoring broadcast, IP Multicast, or unknown DA frames:

— Monitor all trafﬁc received by port X. — Monitor all trafﬁc transmitted by port X. — Monitor all trafﬁc received and transmitted by port X.

Appendix "Quick steps for port mirroring" (page 123) also provides

conﬁguration ﬂowcharts that can help you use this feature.

Port Mirroring Conﬁguration screen

The Port Mirroring Conﬁguration screen allows you to conﬁgure a speciﬁc switch port to monitor up to two speciﬁed ports or two MAC addresses. You can specify port-based monitoring or address-based monitoring.

Figure 6 "Port Mirror Conﬁguration screen" (page 22) shows an example of

a Port Mirroring Conﬁguration screen. To open the Port Mirroring Conﬁguration screen: è Choose Port Mirroring Conﬁguration (or type i) from the Switch

Conﬁguration Menu screen.

Figure 6 Port Mirror Conﬁguration screen

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Table 2 "Port Mirroring Conﬁguration screen ﬁelds" (page 23) describes the

Port Mirroring Conﬁguration screen ﬁelds.

Table 2 Port Mirroring Conﬁguration screen ﬁelds

Field Description

Port mirroring 23

Monitoring Mode

Monitor Unit/Port

Unit/Port X

Allows a user to select any one of six port-based monitoring modes or any one of five address-based monitoring modes (see Table

3 "Monitoring modes" (page 24)). Selecting any one of the six

port-based modes activates the port X and port Y screen fields, where a user can choose up to two ports to monitor. Selecting any one of the five address-based modes activates the Address A and Address B screen fields, where a user can specify MAC addresses to monitor.

Default Value: Disabled Range: See Table 3 "Monitoring modes" (page 24) Indicates the port number (of the specified unit) that is designated

as the monitor port. Default Value: Zero-length string Range: 1 to 8 or 1 to 26 (depending on model type) Indicates one of the ports (of the specified unit) that is monitored by

the designated port monitor when one of the port-based monitoring modes is selected.

This port is monitored according to the value of Port X in the Monitoring Mode field (see Table 3 "Monitoring modes" (page 24)).

Default Value: Zero-length string Range: 1 to 8 or 1 to 26 (depending on model type)

Unit/Port Y

Indicates one of the ports (of the specified unit) that is monitored by the designated port monitor when one of the port-based monitoring modes is selected. When installed as a stand-alone switch, the screen does not display the (Unit/) field designation. This port is monitored according to the value of Port Y in the Monitoring Mode field (see Table 3 "Monitoring modes" (page 24)).

Default Value: Zero-length string Range: 1 to 8 or 1 to 26 (depending on model type)

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Field Description

Address A

Indicates the MAC addresses that is monitored by the designated port monitor when one of the address-based monitoring modes is selected. This port is monitored according to the value of Address A in the selected Monitoring Mode field (see Table 3 "Monitoring

modes" (page 24)).

Default Value: 00-00-00-00-00-00 (no MAC address assigned) Range: 00-00-00-00-00-00 to FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF

Address B

Indicates the MAC addresses that is monitored by the designated port monitor when one of the address-based monitoring modes is selected. This port is monitored according to the value of Address B in the selected Monitoring Mode field (see Table 3 "Monitoring

modes" (page 24)).

Default Value: 00-00-00-00-00-00 (no MAC address assigned) Range: 00-00-00-00-00-00 to FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF

Table 3 "Monitoring modes" (page 24) describes the various monitoring

modes available from the Port Mirroring Conﬁguration screen.

Table 3 Monitoring modes

Field Description

Port-based: Disabled Default value for this feature.

-> Port X Monitor all traffic received by Port X. Port X -> Monitor all traffic transmitted by Port X. <-> Port X Monitor all traffic received and transmitted by Port X.

-> Port X or Port Y -> Monitor all traffic received by Port X or transmitted by Port Y.

Note: Do not use this mode for broadcast or multicast traffic.

-> Port X and Port Y -> Monitor all traffic received by Port X (destined to Port Y) and then transmitted by Port Y.

Note: Do not use this mode for broadcast or multicast traffic

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Port Statistics screen 25

Field Description

<-> Port X and Port Y <-> Monitor all traffic received/transmitted by Port X and

received/transmitted by Port Y.

Note: Do not use this mode for broadcast or multicast

traffic Address-based: Disabled Default value for this feature. Address A -> any Address Monitor all traffic transmitted from Address A to any

address. any Address -> Address A Monitor all traffic received by Address A from any address. <-> Address A Monitor all traffic received by or transmitted by Address A. Address A -> Address B Monitor all traffic transmitted by Address A to Address B. Address A <-> Address B Monitor all traffic between Address A and Address B

(conversation between the two stations).

Port Statistics screen

The Port Statistics screen, as displayed in Figure 7 "Port statistics screen"

(page 26), allows you to view detailed information about any switch or port

in a conﬁguration. The screen is divided into two sections (Received and Transmitted) so that you can compare and evaluate throughput or other port parameters. All screen data is updated approximately every 2 seconds.

You can use the Port Statistics screen to clear (reset to zero) port counters for a speciﬁc switch or port. Alternatively, you can use the Clear All Port Statistics option to clear port counters for all switches or ports.

To open the Port Statistics screen: Choose Display Port Statistics (or type d) from the Switch Conﬁguration

Menu screen.

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Figure 7 Port statistics screen

Table 4 "Port Statistics screen ﬁelds" (page 26) describes the Port Statistics

screen ﬁelds.

Table 4 Port Statistics screen ﬁelds

Field Description

Port Allows you to select the number of the port you want to view or reset

to zero.

To view another port, enter its port number and press Enter, or press the spacebar on your keyboard to toggle the port numbers.

Packets Received column: Indicates the total number of packets received on

this port, including bad packets, broadcast packets, and multicast packets.

Transmitted column: Indicates the total number of packets transmitted successfully on this port, including broadcast packets and multicast packets.

Multicasts Received column: Indicates the total number of good multicast

packets received on this port, excluding broadcast packets.

Transmitted column: Indicates the total number of multicast packets transmitted successfully on this port, excluding broadcast packets.

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Port Statistics screen 27

Field Description

Broadcasts Received column: Indicates the total number of good broadcast

packets received on this port.

Transmitted column: Indicates the total number of broadcast packets transmitted successfully on this port.

Total Octets Received column: Indicates the total number of octets of data

(including data in bad packets) received on this port, excluding framing bits but including FCS octets.

Transmitted column: Indicates the total number of octets of data transmitted successfully on this port, including FCS octets.

Lost Packets Received column: Indicates the total number of packets lost

(discarded) when the capacity of the port receive buffer was exceeded.

Transmitted column: Indicates the total number of packets lost (discarded) when the capacity of the port transmit buffer was exceeded.

Packets 64 bytes Received column: Indicates the total number of 64-byte packets

received on this port.

Transmitted column: Indicates the total number of 64-byte packets transmitted successfully on this port.

65-127 bytes Received column: Indicates the total number of 65-byte to 127-byte

packets received on this port.

Transmitted column: Indicates the total number of 65-byte to 127-byte packets transmitted successfully on this port.

128-255 bytes Received column: Indicatesthe total number of 128-byte to 255-byte

packets received on this port.

Transmitted column: Indicates the total number of 128-byte to 255-byte packets transmitted successfully on this port.

256-511 bytes Received column: Indicatesthe total number of 256-byte to 511-byte

packets received on this port.

Transmitted column: Indicates the total number of 256-byte to 511-byte packets transmitted successfully on this port.

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28 Chapter 1 Network monitoring

Field Description

512-1023 bytes Received column: Indicates the total number of 512-byte to

1023-byte packets received on this port.

Transmitted column: Indicates the total number of 512-byte to 1023-byte packets transmitted successfully on this port.

1024-1518 bytes Received column: Indicates the total number of 1024-byte to

1518-byte packets received on this port.

Transmitted column: Indicates the total number of 1024-byte to 1518-byte packets transmitted successfully on this port.

Frame Errors Indicates the total number of valid-size packets received but

discarded because of CRC errors and improper framing.

Undersized Packets Indicates the total number of packets received on this port with

fewer than 64 bytes and with proper CRC and framing (also known as short frames or runts).

Oversized Packets Indicates the total number of packets received on this port with more

than 1518 bytes and with proper CRC and framing (also known as

oversized frames). Filtered Packets Indicates the number of packets filtered (not forwarded) by this port. Flooded Packets Indicates the total number of packets flooded (forwarded) through

this port because the destination address was not in the address

database. FCS Errors Indicates the total number of valid-size packets received with proper

framing but discarded because of cyclic redundancy check (CRC)

errors. Collisions Indicates the total number of collisions detected on this port. Single Collisions Indicates the total number of packets transmitted successfully on

this port after a single collision. Multiple Collisions Indicates the total number of packets transmitted successfully on

this port after more than one collision. Excessive Collisions Indicates the total number of packets lost on this port due to

excessive collisions. Deferred Packets Indicates the total number of frames delayed on the first transmission

attempt, but that never incurred a collision. Late Collisions Indicates the total number of packet collisions that occurred

after a total length of time that exceeded 512 bit-times of packet

transmission.

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Port Statistics screen 29

Field Description

The following field values appear only when the port selected in the Unit/Port field is configured with a GBIC.

Pause Frames Transmitted column: Indicates the total number of pause frames

transmitted on this port. Pause frames cause the transmitting port

to temporarily suspend the transmission of packets when the frame

buffer of the receiving port is full (Gigabit ports only).

Received column: Indicates the total number of pause frames

received on this port. Pause frames cause the transmitting port to

temporarily suspend the transmission of packets when the frame

buffer of the receiving port is full (Gigabit ports only).

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Chapter 2 Conﬁguring network monitoring using CLI

You can conﬁgure network monitoring features and display switch statistics using the CLI. This chapter contains information on the following topics:

• "Setting the system event log" (page 31)

•

"Enabling remote logging" (page 35)

•

"Using port mirroring" (page 39)

• "Displaying port statistics" (page 41)

Setting the system event log

You can set the system event log to log different levels of events. This section covers:

•

"show logging" (page 31)

•

"logging" (page 32)

•

"no logging" (page 33)

•

"set logging" (page 33)

•

"no set logging" (page 34)

•

"default logging" (page 34)

•

"default set logging" (page 34)

•

"clear logging command" (page 34)

show logging

The show logging command displays the current contents of the system event log. The default value displays all levels in chronological order. The syntax for the show logging command is:

show logging [config | critical | serious | informational]

The show logging command is in the privExec command mode.

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Table 5 "show logging command parameters and variables" (page 32)

describes the parameters and variables for show logging command.

Table 5 show logging command parameters and variables

Parameters and

Description

variables

config

Displays configuration log messages. (This command parameter is only available with the Ethernet Switch 470-24T.)

critical

serious

informational

Displays critical log messages. Displays serious log messages. Displays informational log messages.

Figure 8 "show logging sort-reverse command output" (page 32) shows the

output of the show logging sort-reverse command.

Figure 8 show logging sort-reverse command output

logging

The logging command conﬁgures the system settings for the system event log of the Ethernet Switch 470-24T. The syntax for the logging command is:

The logging command is in the conﬁg command mode.

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Setting the system event log 33

Table 6 "logging command parameters and variables" (page 33) describes

the parameters and variables for the logging command.

Table 6 logging command parameters and variables

Parameters and variables Description

enable | disable

level critical | serious | informational

nv-level critical | serious | informational | none

Enables or disables the event log (default is enabled).

Specifies the level of logging stored in DRAM.

Specifies the level of logging stored in non-volatile memory (NVRAM).

no logging

The no logging command disables the system event log on the Ethernet Switch 470-24T. The syntax for the no logging command is:

no logging

The no logging command is in the conﬁg command mode. The no logging command has no parameters or variables.

set logging

The set logging command conﬁgures the system settings of the system event log for the Ethernet Switch 470-48T or the Ethernet Switch 460-24T. The syntax for the set logging command is:

The set logging command is in the conﬁg command mode.

Table 7 "set logging command parameters and variables" (page 33)

describes the parameters and variables for the set logging command.

Table 7 set logging command parameters and variables

Parameters and variables Description

enable | disable

Enables or disables the event log (default is enabled).

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Parameters and variables Description

level critical | serious | informational

nv-level critical | serious | informational | none

no set logging

The no set logging command disables the system event log for the Ethernet Switch 470-48T or the Ethernet Switch 460-24T. The syntax for the no set logging command is:

no set logging

The no set logging command is in the conﬁg command mode. The no set logging command has no parameters or variables.

default logging

The default logging command conﬁgures the system settings as the factory default settings for the system event log on the Ethernet Switch 470-24T. The syntax for the default logging command is:

Specifies the level of logging stored in DRAM.

Specifies the level of logging stored in NVRAM.

default logging

The default logging command is in the conﬁg command mode. The default logging command has no parameters or variables.

default set logging

The default set logging command conﬁgures the system settings as the factory default settings for the system event log on the Ethernet Switch 470-48T or the Ethernet Switch 460-24T. The syntax for the default set

logging command is:

default set logging

The default set logging command is in the conﬁg command mode. The default set logging command has no parameters or variables.

clear logging command

The clear logging command clears all log messages in DRAM. The syntax for the clear logging command is:

clear logging [nv]

The clear logging command is in the privExec command mode.

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Table 8 "clear logging command parameters and values" (page 35) shows

the parameters and values for the clear logging command.

Table 8 clear logging command parameters and values

Parameters and values Description

Enabling remote logging

This feature provides an enhanced level of logging by replicating system messages onto a syslog server. System log messages from several switches can be collected at a central location, which alleviates the network manager querying each switch individually to interrogate the log ﬁles. This section covers the following commands:

•

"show logging" (page 35)

•

"logging remote enable command" (page 36)

•

"no logging remote enable command" (page 37)

Enabling remote logging 35

Clears all log messages in both DRAM and non-volatile memory (NVRAM).

•

"logging remote address command" (page 37)

•

"no logging remote address command" (page 37)

•

"logging remote level command" (page 38)

•

"no logging remote level command" (page 38)

•

"default logging remote level command" (page 39)

show logging

The show logging command displays the conﬁguration and the current contents of the system event log. The syntax for the show logging command is:

show logging [config] [critical] [informational] [serious] [sort-reverse]

The show logging command is in the privExec command mode.

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Table 9 "show logging command parameters and variables" (page 36)

describes the parameters and variables for the show logging command.

Table 9 show logging command parameters and variables

Parameters and variables

config Displays the configuration of event logging. critical Displays critical log messages. informational Displays informational log messages. serious Displays serious log messages. sort-reverse

Description

Displays log messages in reverse chronological order (beginning with most recent).

Figure 9 "show logging conﬁg command output" (page 36) shows the output

of the show logging conﬁg command.

Figure 9 show logging config command output

logging remote enable command

Note: The default value for remote logging is disabled.

The logging remote enable command enables logging syslog messages to a remote server. The syntax for the remote logging

enable command is:

logging remote enable

The logging remote enable command is in the conﬁg command mode. The logging remote enable command has no parameters or variables.

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no logging remote enable command

The no logging remote enable command disables sending syslog messages to a remote server. The syntax for the no logging remote

enable command is:

no logging remote enable

The no remote logging enable command is in the conﬁg command mode.

The no remote logging enable command has no parameters or variables.

logging remote address command

The logging remote address command sets the remote server for receiving the syslog messages; you enter the IP address of the server you want. The syntax for the logging remote address command is:

logging remote address <A.B.C.D>

The logging remote address command is in the conﬁg command mode.

Enabling remote logging 37

Table 10 "logging remote address command parameters and variables" (page 37) describes the parameters and variables for the logging

remote address command.

Table 10 logging remote address command parameters and variables

Parameters and variables

<A.B.C.D> Specifies the IP address of the remote server in

Description

dotted-decimal notation.

The default address is 0.0.0.0.

no logging remote address command

The no logging remote address command clears the IP address of the remote server. The syntax for the no logging remote address command is:

no logging remote address

The no logging remote address command is in the conﬁg command mode.

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38 Chapter 2 Conﬁguring network monitoring using CLI

The no logging remote address command has no parameters or variables.

logging remote level command

The logging remote level command sets the severity level of the logs you send to the remote server. The syntax for the logging remote

level command is:

logging remote level {critical | informational | serious}

The logging remote level command is in the conﬁg command mode.

Table 11 "logging remote level command parameters and variables" (page

38) describes the parameters and variables for the logging remote

level command.

Table 11 logging remote level command parameters and variables

Parameters and variables

{critical | serious | informational}

Description

Specifies the severity level of the log messages sent to the remote server:

•

critical

•

informational

•

serious

There is no default value for this command.

no logging remote level command

The no logging remote level command removes any severity level of the log messages that you send to the remote server; it reverts to None. The syntax for the no logging remote level command is:

no logging remote level

The no logging remote level command is in the conﬁg command mode.

The no logging remote level command has no parameters or variables.

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default logging remote level command

The default logging remote level command sets the severity level of the logs you send to the remote server to the default value, which is None. The syntax for the default logging remote level command is:

default logging remote level

The default logging remote level command is in the conﬁg command mode.

The default logging remote level command has no parameters or variables.

Using port mirroring

Note: For guidelines to port mirroring, refer to "Port mirroring" (page 17).

You use port mirroring to monitor trafﬁc. This section covers the following commands:

•

"show port-mirroring command" (page 39)

Using port mirroring 39

•

"port-mirroring command" (page 40)

• "no port-mirroring command" (page 41)

show port-mirroring command

The show port-mirroring command displays the port mirroring conﬁguration. The syntax for the show port-mirroring command is:

show port-mirroring

The show port-mirroring command is in the privExec command mode. The show port-mirroring command has no parameters or variables.

Figure 10 "show port-mirroring command output" (page 39) displays sample

output from the show port-mirroring command.

Figure 10 show port-mirroring command output

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40 Chapter 2 Conﬁguring network monitoring using CLI

port-mirroring command

The port-mirroring command sets the port mirroring conﬁguration. The syntax of the port-mirroring command is:

port-mirroring mode

{disable | Xrx monitor-port <portlist> mirror-port-X <portlist> | Xtx monitor-port <portlist> mirror-port-X <portlist> | XrxOrXtx monitor-port <portlist> mirror-port-X <portlist> mirror-port-Y <portlist> | XrxOrYtx monitor-port <portlist> mirror-port-X <portlist> mirror-port-Y <portlist> | XrxYtx monitor-port <portlist> mirror-port-X <portlist> mirror-port-Y <portlist> | XrxYtxOrYrxXtx monitor-port <portlist> mirror-port-X <portlist> mirror-port-Y <portlist> | Asrc monitor-port <portlist> mirror-MAC-A <macaddr> | Adst monitor-port <portlist> mirror-MAC-A <macaddr> | AsrcOrAdst monitor-port <portlist> mirror-MAC-A <macaddr> | AsrcBdst monitor-port <portlist> mirror-MAC-A <macaddr> mirror-MAC-B <macaddr> | AsrcBdstOrBsrcAdst monitor-port <portlist> mirror-MAC-A <macaddr> mirror-MAC-B <macaddr>}

Note: In this command, portlist must specify only a single port. The port-mirroring command is in the conﬁg command mode.

Table 12 "port-mirroring command parameters and variables" (page

40) describes the parameters and variables for the port-mirroring

command.

Table 12 port-mirroring command parameters and variables

Parameters and variables

disable

monitor-port

mirror-port-X

mirror-port-Y

mirror-MAC-A

mirror-MAC-B

portlist

Xrx

Description

Disables port mirroring. Specifies the monitor port. Specifies the mirroring port X. Specifies the mirroring port Y. Specifies the mirroring MAC address A. Specifies the mirroring MAC address B. Enter the port number. Mirror packets received on port X.

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Displaying port statistics 41

Parameters and variables

Xtx

XrxOrXtx

XrxYtx

XrxYtxOrXtxYrx

macaddr

Asrc

Adst

AsrcOrAdst

AsrcBdst

AsrcBdstOrBsrcAdst

Description

Mirror packets transmitted on port X. Mirror packets received or transmitted on port X. Mirror packets received on port X and transmitted on port Y.

Note: Do not use this mode for mirroring broadcast and multicast traffic.

Mirror packets received on port X and transmitted on port Y or packets received on port Y and transmitted on port X.

Note: Do not use this mode for mirroring broadcast and multicast traffic.

Enter the MAC address in format H.H.H. Mirror packets with source MAC address A. Mirror packets with destination MAC address A. Mirror packets with source or destination MAC address A. Mirror packets with source MAC address A and destination MAC

address B. Mirror packets with source MAC address A and destination MAC

address B or packets with source MAC address B and destination MAC address A.

no port-mirroring command

The no port-mirroring command disables port mirroring. The syntax of the no port-mirroring command is:

no port-mirroring

The no port-mirroring command is in the conﬁg command mode. The no port-mirroring command has no parameters or variables.

Displaying port statistics

You can display the statistics for a port for both received and transmitted trafﬁc. This section covers:

•

"show port-statistics command" (page 42)

•

"clear-stats command" (page 43)

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show port-statistics command

The show port-statistics command displays the statistics for the port on both received and transmitted trafﬁc. The syntax for the show

port-statistics command is:

show port-statistics [port <portlist>]

The show port-statistics command is in the conﬁg-if command mode.

Table 13 "show port-statistics command parameters and variables" (page 42) describes the parameters and variables for the show

port-statistics command.

Table 13 show port-statistics command parameters and variables

Parameters and variables

port <portlist>

Description

Specifies the port numbers for which to display statistics.

Note: If you omit this parameter, the system uses the port number specified with the interface command.

Figure 11 "show port-statistics command output" (page 43) displays sample

output from the show port-statistics command.

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Figure 11 show port-statistics command output

Displaying port statistics 43

clear-stats command

The clear-stats command clears all statistical information for the speciﬁed port. All counters are set to zero (0). The syntax for the

clear-stats command is:

clear-stats [port <portlist>]

The clear-stats command is in the conﬁg-if command mode.

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Table 14 "clear-stats command parameters and variables" (page 44)

describes the parameters and variables for the clear-stats command.

Table 14 clear-stats command parameters and variables

Parameters and variables

port <portlist>

Description

Specifies the port numbers to clear of statistical information; enter the port numbers.

Note: If you omit this parameter, the system uses the port number specified with the interface command.

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Chapter 3 Conﬁguring network monitoring using Device Manager

You can use the Device Manager to conﬁgure system logging and to display chassis and port statistics for the Ethernet Switches 460 and 470.

This section contains the following topics:

•

"System Log Settings tab" (page 45)

•

"Remote System Log tab" (page 47)

•

"Graphing chassis statistics" (page 49)

•

"Graphing port statistics" (page 56)

System Log Settings tab

To view System Log Settings information:

Step Action 1

From the Device Manager menu bar, select Edit > Diagnostics > System Log.

The SysLog dialog box opens with the System Log Settings tab displayed. (Figure 12 "System Log Settings tab" (page 46)).

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Figure 12 System Log Settings tab

—End—

Table 15 "System Log Settings tab items" (page 46) describes the System

Log Settings tab items.

Table 15 System Log Settings tab items

Items Description

Operation Specifies the storing or discarding of generated log

messages. Specifying On causes log messages to be stored in the log message buffer facility. Specifying Off discontinues the storing of log messages. Previously collected log messages remain stored in the buffer facility until they are manually cleared or the system is reset. Resets do not clear log messages that have been saved in non-volatile storage.

BufferFullAction Specifies overwriting of previous log messages, where

messages are overwritten based on FIFO, or specifies that no more messages be saved until the setting is changed to overwrite.

This applies only to messages that are maintained in volatile storage. Messages saved in non-volatile storage are never overwritten, and must be cleared manually.

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Remote System Log tab 47

Items Description

Volatile CurrSize The current number of log messages in the volatile

portion of the system log message facility. Messages that are classified as volatile are lost upon system re-initialization.

Volatile Save Targets Specifies the type of log messages to be saved in the

log message buffer facilities. Messages are classified based on their type:

•

Critical - Specifies that only critical messages be saved to volatile storage.

•

Critical/Serious - Specifies that both critical and serious messages be saved to volatile storage.

•

Critical/Serious/Informational - Causes all log messages be saved when the log message is entered into the system.

•

None - Specifies that no log messages will be stored in volatile memory.

Non-Volatile CurrSize The current number of log messages in the non-volatile

Non-Volatile Save Targets

Action ClearMessag eBuffers

Remote System Log tab

To view Remote System Log information: The Remote System Log tab opens.

portion of the system log message facility. Messages that are classified as non-volatile are not lost upon system re-initialization.

Specifies the type of log messages to be saved in the log message buffer facilities. Messages are classified based on their type:

•

Critical - Specifies that only critical messages be saved to non-volatile storage.

•

Critical/Serious - Specifies that both critical and serious messages be saved to non-volatile storage.

•

None - Specifies that no log messages will be stored in non-volatile memory.

Specifies the type of log messages to clear.

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Step Action 1

From the Device Manager menu bar, select Edit > Diagnostics > System Log.

The SysLog dialog box opens with the System Log Settings tab displayed.

Click the Remote System Log tab. The Remote System Log tab opens (Figure 13 "Remote System

Log tab" (page 48)).

Figure 13 Remote System Log tab

—End—

Table 16 "Remote System Log tab items" (page 48) describes the Remote

System Log tab items.

Table 16 Remote System Log tab items

Items Description

Address The IP address where log messages are sent

using the remote syslog facility.

Enabled Specifies that the remote logging feature is

enabled.

SaveTargets Specifies the type of log messages to be sent to a

remote syslog server when they occur. Messages are classified based on their type:

•

Critical - Specifies that only critical messages are sent to the remote syslog server.

•

Critical/Serious - Specifies that both critical and serious messages are sent to the remote syslog server.

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Items Description

Graphing chassis statistics

To graph chassis statistics:

Step Action

Graphing chassis statistics 49

•

Critical/Serious/Informational - Causes all log messages are sent to the remote syslog server

•

None - Specifies that no log messages are sent to the remote syslog server.

1 2

Select the chassis. Do one of the following:

•

From the shortcut menu, choose Graph.

•

From Device Manager main menu, choose Graph > Chassis.

•

On the toolbar, click Graph.

—End—

The following describe the Graph Chassis dialog box tabs with descriptions of the statistics on each tab.

•

"IP tab" (page 49)

•

"ICMP In tab" (page 53)

•

"ICMP Out tab" (page 54)

Six columns provide the statistics for the counters that are listed on the tab.

IP tab

The IP tab shows IP information for the chassis. To open the IP tab:

Step Action 1

From the Main Menu, choose Graph > Chassis.

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The Graph Chassis dialog box opens with the SNMP tab displayed (Figure 14 "Graph Chassis dialog box -- Chassis SNMP tab" (page

50)).

Figure 14 Graph Chassis dialog box -- Chassis SNMP tab

Click the IP tab. The IP tab opens (Figure 15 "Graph Chassis dialog box -- IP tab"

(page 51)).

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Figure 15 Graph Chassis dialog box -- IP tab

Graphing chassis statistics 51

—End—

Table 17 "Chassis IP tab ﬁelds" (page 51) describes the Chassis IP tab

ﬁelds.

Table 17 Chassis IP tab ﬁelds

Field Description

InReceives The total number of input datagrams received from

interfaces, including those received in error.

InHdrErrors The number of input datagrams discarded due to errors

in their IP headers, including bad checksums, version number mismatch, other format errors, time-to-live exceeded, errors discovered in processing their IP options.

InAddrErrors The number of input datagrams discarded because the

IP address in the IP header destination field was not a valid address. This count includes invalid addresses (for example, 0.0.0.0) and addresses of unsupported Classes (for example, Class E). For addresses that are not IP Gateways and therefore do not forward datagrams, this counter includes datagrams discarded because the destination address was not a local address.

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Field Description

ForwDatagrams The number of input datagrams for which this entity

was not their final IP destination, as a result of which an attempt was made to find a route to forward them to that final destination. For addresses that do not act as IP Gateways, this counter includes only those packets that are Source-Routed by way of this address and have successful Source-Route option processing.

InUnknownProtos The number of locally addressed datagrams received

successfully but discarded because of an unknown or unsupported protocol.

InDiscards The number of input IP datagrams for which no

problems were encountered to prevent their continued processing but that were discarded (for example, for lack of buffer space). Note that this counter does not include any datagrams discarded while awaiting reassembly.

InDelivers The total number of input datagrams successfully

delivered to IP user-protocols (including ICMP).

OutRequests The total number of IP datagrams that local IP

user-protocols (including ICMP) supplied to IP in requests for transmission. Note that this counter does not include any datagrams counted in ipForwDatagrams.

OutDiscards The number of output IP datagrams for which

no problem was encountered to prevent their transmission to their destination, but that were discarded (for example, for lack of buffer space). Note that this counter includes datagrams counted in ipForwDatagrams if any such packets met this (discretionary) discard criterion.

OutNoRoutes The number of IP datagrams discarded because

no route could be found to transmit them to their destination. Notethatthis counter includes any packets counted in ipForwDatagrams that meet this no-route criterion. Note that this includes any datagrams a host cannot route because all of its default gateways are down.

FragOKs The number of IP datagrams successfully fragmented

at this entity.

FragFails The number of IP datagrams discarded because they

needed to be fragmented at this entity but could not be; for example, because their Don’t Fragment flag was set.

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Field Description

FragCreates The number of IP datagram fragments generated as a

ReasmReqds The number of IP fragments received that needed to

ReasmOKs Thenumber of IP datagrams successfully reassembled. ReasmFails The number of failures detected by the IP reassembly

ICMP In tab

To open the ICMP In tab:

Step Action

Graphing chassis statistics 53

result of fragmentation at this entity.

be reassembled at this entity.

algorithm (for whatever reason, such as timed out, errors.). Note that this is not necessarily a count of discarded IP fragments because some algorithms (notably the algorithm in RFC 815) can lose track of the number of fragments by combining them as they are received.

From the Main Menu, choose Graph > Chassis. The Graph Chassis dialog box opens with the SNMP tab displayed

(Figure 14 "Graph Chassis dialog box -- Chassis SNMP tab" (page

50)).

Click the ICMP In tab. The ICMP In tab opens (Figure 16 "Graph Chassis dialog box --

ICMP In tab" (page 53)).

Figure 16 Graph Chassis dialog box -- ICMP In tab

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—End—

Table 18 "ICMP In tab ﬁelds" (page 54) describes the ICMP In tab ﬁelds.

Table 18 ICMP In tab ﬁelds

Field Description

SrcQuenchs The number of ICMP Source Quench messages

received. Redirects The number of ICMP Redirect messages received. Echos The number of ICMP Echo (request) messages

received. EchoReps The number of ICMP Echo Reply messages received. Timestamps The number of ICMP Timestamp (request) messages

received. TimestampReps The number of ICMP Timestamp Reply messages

received. AddrMasks The number of ICMP Address Mask Request

AddrMaskReps The number of ICMP Address Mask Reply messages

ParmProbs The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages

DestUnreachs The number of ICMP Destination Unreachable

TimeExcds The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages

ICMP Out tab

To open the ICMP Out tab:

Step Action 1 From the Main Menu, choose Graph > Chassis.

messages received.

received.

messages received.

received.

The Graph Chassis dialog box opens with the SNMP tab displayed (Figure 14 "Graph Chassis dialog box -- Chassis SNMP tab" (page

50)).

Click the ICMP Out tab.

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Graphing chassis statistics 55

The ICMP Out tab opens (Figure 17 "Graph Chassis dialog box --

ICMP Out tab" (page 55)).

Figure 17 Graph Chassis dialog box -- ICMP Out tab

—End—

Table 19 "ICMP Out tab ﬁelds" (page 55) describes the ICMP Out tab ﬁelds.

Table 19 ICMP Out tab ﬁelds

Field Description

SrcQuenchs The numberof ICMP Source Quenchmessages sent. Redirects The number of ICMP Redirect messages received. For

a host, this object is always zero, because hosts do

not send redirects. Echos The number of ICMP Echo (request) messages sent. EchoReps The number of ICMP Echo Reply messages sent. Timestamps The number of ICMP Timestamp (request) messages

sent. TimestampReps The number of ICMP Timestamp Reply messages sent. AddrMasks The number of ICMP Address Mask Request

messages sent. AddrMaskReps The number of ICMP Address Mask Reply messages

sent. ParmProbs The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages

sent.

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Field Description

DestUnreachs The number of ICMP Destination Unreachable

messages sent. TimeExcds The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages sent.

Graphing port statistics

You can graph statistics for either a single port or multiple ports from the graphPort dialog box. The displays for both single and multiple ports show the identical statistical items. The only difference is that the display for the single windows displays the following values simultaneously, while you select which of the following to display in the multiple port graph dialog box:

• AbsoluteValue

•

Cumulative

•

Average/sec

•

Minimum/sec

•

Maximum/sec

•

LastVal/sec

The illustrations in this section show graphs for multiple ports. To open the graphPort dialog box for graphing:

Step Action 1

Select the port or ports you want to graph. To select multiple ports, [Ctrl] + left-click the ports that you want to

conﬁgure. A yellow outline appears around the selected ports.

Do one of the following:

•

From the Device Manager main menu, choose Graph > Port.

• From the shortcut menu, choose Graph.

•

On the toolbar, click Graph.

—End—

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The graphPort dialog box for a single port or for multiple ports opens with the Interface tab displayed.

Note: Some statistics are available only when you graph a single port.

Interface tab for graphing ports

The Interface tab shows interface parameters for graphing a port or ports. To open the Interface tab for graphing:

Step Action 1 Select the port or ports you want to graph.

To select multiple ports, [Ctrl] + left-click the ports that you want to conﬁgure. A yellow outline appears around the selected ports.

Graphing port statistics 57

Do one of the following:

•

From the Device Manager main menu, choose Graph > Port.

•

From the shortcut menu, choose Graph.

•

On the toolbar, click Graph.

The Port dialog box for a single port or for multiple ports ( Figure 18

"Interface tab for graphing ports" (page 57)) opens with the Interface

tab displayed.

Figure 18 Interface tab for graphing ports

—End—

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Table 20 "Port Interface tab ﬁelds for multiple ports" (page 58) describes the

Interface tab ﬁelds for graphing ports.

Table 20 Port Interface tab ﬁelds for multiple ports

Field Description

InOctets The total number of octets received on the interface,

including framing characters. OutOctets The total number of octets transmitted out of the

interface, including framing characters. InUcastPkts The number of packets delivered by this sublayer to a

higher sublayer that were not addressed to a multicast

or broadcast address at this sublayer. OutUcastPkts The number of packets that higher-level protocols

requested be transmitted that were not addressed to a

multicast address at this sublayer. This total number

includes those packets discarded or unsent. InNUcastPkts The number of packets delivered by this sublayer to a

higher (sub)layer that were addressed to amulticast or

broadcast address at this sublayer. OutNUcastPkts The total number of packets that higher-level protocols

requested be transmitted, and that were addressed

to a multicast or broadcast address at this sublayer,

including those that were discarded or not sent. InDiscards The number of inbound packets that were chosen to

be discarded even though no errors had been detected

to prevent their being deliverable to a higher-layer

protocol. One possible reason for discarding such a

packet is to free up buffer space. OutDiscards The number of outbound packets which were chosen to

be discarded even though no errors had been detected

to prevent their being transmitted. One possible reason

for discarding such a packetis to free up buffer space. InErrors For packet-oriented interfaces, the number of inbound

packets that contained errors preventing them from

being deliverable to a higher-layer protocol. For

character-oriented or fixed-length interfaces, the

number of inbound transmission units that contained

errors preventing them from being deliverable to a

higher-layer protocol.

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Field Description

OutErrors For packet-oriented interfaces, the number of outbound

packets that were not transmitted because of errors.

For character-oriented or fixed-length interfaces, the

number of outbound transmission units that could not

be transmitted because of errors. InUnknownProtos For packet-oriented interfaces, the number of packets

received through the interface that were discarded

because of an unknown or unsupported protocol.

For character-oriented or fixed-length interfaces

that support protocol multiplexing, the number of

transmission units received through the interface

that were discarded because of an unknown or

unsupported protocol. For any interface that does not

support protocol multiplexing, this counter is always 0.

Ethernet Errors tab for graphing ports

The port Ethernet Errors tab shows port Ethernet Errors statistics. To open the Ethernet Errors tab for graphing:

Graphing port statistics 59

Step Action 1

Select the port or ports you want to graph. To select multiple ports, [Ctrl] + left-click the ports that you want to

conﬁgure. A yellow outline appears around the selected ports.

Do one of the following:

• From the Device Manager main menu, choose Graph > Port.

•

From the shortcut menu, choose Graph.

•

On the toolbar, click Graph.

The Port dialog box for a single port or for multiple ports opens with the Interface tab displayed.

Click the Ethernet Errors tab. The Port Ethernet Errors tab (Figure 19 "Graph Port dialog box --

Port Ethernet Errors tab" (page 60)) opens.

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Figure 19 Graph Port dialog box -- Port Ethernet Errors tab

—End—

Table 21 "Ethernet Errors tab ﬁelds" (page 60) describes the Port Ethernet

Errors tab ﬁelds.

Table 21 Ethernet Errors tab ﬁelds

Field Description

AlignmentErrors A count of frames received on a particular

interface that are not an integral number of octets in length and do not pass the FCS check. The count represented by an instance of this object is incremented when the alignmentError status is returned by the MAC service to the LLC (or other MAC user). Received frames for which multiple error conditions occur are, according to the conventions of IEEE 802.3 Layer Management, counted exclusively according to the error status presented to the LLC.

FCSErrors A count of frames received on a particular interface

that are an integral number of octets in length but do not pass the FCS check. Thecount represented by an instance of this object is incremented when the Frame Check Error status is returned by the MAC service to the LLC (or other MAC user). Received frames for which multiple error conditions occur are, according to the conventions of IEEE

802.3 Layer Management, counted exclusively according to the error status presented to the LLC.

InternalMacTransmitErrorsA count of frames for which transmission on a

particular interface fails due to an internal MAC sublayer transmit error. A frame is only counted by an instance of this object if it is not counted by the corresponding instance of either the LateCollisions object, the ExcessiveCollisions object, or the CarrierSenseErrors object.

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Field Description

Graphing port statistics 61

InternalMacReceiveErro rs

A count of frames for which reception on a particular interface fails due to an internal MAC sublayer receive error. A frame is only counted by an instance of this object if it is not counted by the corresponding instance of either the FrameTooLongs object, the AlignmentErrors object, or the FCSErrors object.

The precise meaning of the count represented by an instance of this object is implementation specific. Inparticular, an instance of this object can represent a count of receive errors on a particular interface that are not otherwise counted.

CarrierSenseErrors The number of times that the carrier sense

condition was lost or never asserted when attempting to transmit a frame on a particular interface. The count represented by an instance of this object is incremented at most once per transmission attempt, even if the carrier sense condition fluctuates during a transmission attempt.

FrameTooLongs A count of frames received on a particular interface

that exceed the maximum permitted frame size. The count represented by an instance of this object is incremented when the frameTooLong status is returned by the MAC service to the LLC (or other MAC user). Received frames for which multiple error conditions occur are, according to the conventions of IEEE 802.3 Layer Management, counted exclusively according to the error status presented to the LLC.

SQETestErrors A count of times that the SQE TEST ERROR

message is generated by the PLS sublayer for a particular interface. The SQE TEST ERROR message is defined in section 7.2.2.2.4 of ANSI/IEEE 802.3-1985 and its generation is described in section 7.2.4.6 of the same document.

DeferredTransmissions A count of frames for which the first transmission

attempt ona particular interface is delayed because the medium is busy. The count represented by an instance of this object does not include frames involved in collisions.

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Field Description

SingleCollisionFrames A count of successfully transmitted frames on

a particular interface for which transmission is inhibited by exactly one collision. A frame that is counted by an instance of this object is also counted by the corresponding instance of either the ifOutUcastPkts, ifOutMulticastPkts, or ifOutBroadcastPkts, and is not counted by the corresponding instance of the MultipleCollisionFrames object.

MultipleCollisionFrames A count of successfully transmitted frames on

a particular interface for which transmission is inhibited by more than one collision. A frame that is counted by an instance of this object is also counted by the corresponding instance of either the ifOutUcastPkts, ifOutMulticastPkts, or ifOutBroadcastPkts, and is not counted by the corresponding instance of the SingleCollisionFrames object.

LateCollisions The number of times that a collision is detected on

a particular interface later than 512 bit-times into the transmission of a packet. Five hundred and twelve bit-times corresponds to 51.2 microseconds on a 10 Mb/s system. A (late) collision included in a count represented by an instance of this object is also considered as a (generic) collision for purposes of other collision-related statistics.

ExcessiveCollisions A count of frames for which transmission on a

particular interface fails due to excessive collisions.

Poll Interval Statistics are updated based on the poll interval.

Default: 10s

Range: None, 2s, 5s, 10s, 30s, 1m, 5m, 30m 1h

Bridge tab for graphing ports

The Bridge tab displays port frame statistics. To open the Bridge tab for graphing:

Step Action 1

Select the port or ports you want to graph. To select multiple ports, [Ctrl] + left-click the ports that you want to

conﬁgure. A yellow outline appears around the selected ports.

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Graphing port statistics 63

Do one of the following:

•

From the Device Manager main menu, choose Graph > Port.

•

From the shortcut menu, choose Graph.

•

On the toolbar, click Graph.

The Port dialog box for a single port or for multiple ports opens with the Interface tab displayed.

Click the Bridge tab. The Bridge tab for graphing ports opens (Figure 20 "Graph Port

dialog box -- Bridge tab" (page 63)).

Figure 20 Graph Port dialog box -- Bridge tab

—End—

Table 22 "Bridge tab ﬁelds" (page 63) describes the Bridge tab ﬁelds.

Table 22 Bridge tab ﬁelds

Field Description

DelayExceededDiscards Number of frames discarded by the port due to

excessive transit delays through the bridge. It is incremented by both transparent and source route bridges.

MtuExceededDiscards Number of frames discarded by the port due

to an excessive size. It is incremented by both transparent and source route bridges.

InFrames The number of frames received by this port from

its segment.

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Field Description

OutFrames The number of frames received by this port from

its segment.

InDiscards Count of valid frames received that were discarded

(filtered) by the Forwarding Process.

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Chapter 4 Conﬁguring network monitoring using Web-based management

You can conﬁgure network monitoring features using Web-based management.

This chapter contains information on the following topics:

•

"Viewing the system log" (page 65)

•

"Conﬁguring port mirroring" (page 67)

•

"Viewing system statistics" (page 71)

•

"Monitoring MLT trafﬁc" (page 81)

Viewing the system log

You can view a display of messages contained in Non-Volatile Memory or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM).

To open the System Log page:

Step Action 1

From the main menu, choose Fault > System Log. The System Log page opens (Figure 21 "System Log page" (page

66)).

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Figure 21 System Log page

Table 23 "System Log page ﬁelds" (page 66) describes the ﬁelds

on the System Log page.

Table 23 System Log page ﬁelds

Section

System Log (View By)

Item Range Description

Display Unit

1..8

Choose the unit on which to display messages or clear messages.

Display Messag es From

(1) Non Volatile (2) Volatile + Non Volatile

Choose to display messages from Non Volatile Memory or Volatile (DRAM) and Non Volatile memory.

The default setting is Non Volatile.

Clear Messages From

(1) Volatile (2) Volatile + Non Volatile

Choose to clear messages from Volatile memory or Volatile and Non Volatile memory.

(3) None

The default setting is None (do not clear messages).

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Conﬁguring port mirroring 67

Section

System Log

Item Range Description

Index The number of the event. Time Stamp The time, in hundreths of

a second, between system initialization and the time the log messages entered the system.

Message Type The type of message. The

options are (1) Critical, (2) Serious, and (3) Informational.

Message A character string that identifies

the origin of the message and the reason why the message was generated.

In the System Log (View By)section do one or more of the following:

•

Choose the number of the unit from which to display messages.

•

Choose to display messages from both volatile and non-volatile memory or from non-volatile memory only.

• Choose to clear messages from both volatile and non-volatile memory, from non-volatile memory only, or from neither.

Click Submit. The results of your request are displayed in the System Log section

(Figure 21 "System Log page" (page 66)).

Conﬁguring port mirroring

The Ethernet Switches support port mirroring to analyze trafﬁc. You can view existing port mirroring activity, and you can conﬁgure a speciﬁc switch port to mirror up to two speciﬁed ports or two MAC addresses. When you conﬁgure port mirroring, you have the option to specify either port-based monitoring or address-based monitoring.

In a stack conﬁguration, you can monitor ports that reside on different units within the stack.

To conﬁgure port mirroring:

Step Action 1

From the main menu, choose Application > Port Mirroring.

—End—

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The Port Mirroring page opens (Figure 22 "Port Mirroring page"

(page 68)).

Figure 22 Port Mirroring page

Note: The Port Mirroring Active section of Figure 22 "Port

Mirroring page" (page 68) displays only the port mirroring

conﬁgurations you set. If you set no port mirroring conﬁgurations, the section does not display any rows.

Table 24 "Port Mirroring page items" (page 68) describes the items

on the Port Mirroring page.

Table 24 Port Mirroring page items

Item Range Description

Monitoring Mode (1) Disabled

(2) --> Port X (3) Port X --> (4)<-- --> Port X (5) -->Port X or Port Y --> (6) -->Port X and Port Y --> (7) <-- --> Port X and <-- --> Port Y (8) Address A --> any Address (9) any Address --> Address A (10) <-- --> Address A (11) Address A --> Address B (12) Address A <-- --> Address B

Choose any one of the six port-based monitoring modes or any one of the five address-based monitoring modes.

For more information on selecting one of the six port-based modes that activates the port X and port Y screen fields, where you can choose up to two ports to monitor, see

Table 25 "Port-based monitoring modes" (page 70).

For more information on selecting one of the five address-based modes that activates the Address A and Address B screen fields, where you can specify

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Item Range Description

MAC addresses to monitor, see Table 26

"Address-based monitoring modes" (page

71).

The default setting is Disabled.

Port-based monitoring

Conﬁguring port mirroring 69

Monitor Port

1..24

Choose the switch port to designate as the monitor port.

Port X

1..24

Choose the first switch port to be monitored by the designated monitor port. This port is monitored according to the value "X" in the Monitoring Mode field.

Port Y

1..24

Choose the second switch port to be monitored by the designated monitor port. This port is monitored according to the value "Y" in the Monitoring Mode field.

Address-based monitoring

Address A XX-XX-XX-XX-XX-XX Type the MAC address to be monitored by

the designated monitor port. This address is monitored according to the value "Address A" in the MonitoringMode field.

Address B XX-XX-XX-XX-XX-XX Type the MAC address to be monitored by

the designated monitor port. This address is monitored according to the value "Address B" in the MonitoringMode field.

Type information in the text boxes, or select from a list.

Click Submit. Selecting one of the port-based monitoring modes activates the port

X or the port Y screen ﬁelds or both, where you can choose up to two ports to monitor.

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Table 25 "Port-based monitoring modes" (page 70) describes the

port-based monitoring modes.

Table 25 Port-based monitoring modes

Item Description

Disabled Choose this option to disable port-based monitoring.

The default setting is Disabled.

--> Port X Choose this option to monitor all traffic received by port X. Port X --> Choose this option to monitor all traffic transmitted by

port X.

<-- --> Port X Choose this option to monitor all traffic received and

transmitted by port X.

--> Port X or Port Y --> Choose this option to monitor all traffic received by port X or transmitted by port Y.

Note: Do not use this mode for multicast and broadcast traffic.

--> Port X and Port Y --> Choose this option to monitor all traffic received by port X (destined to port Y) and then transmitted by port Y (one way conversation steering).

Note: Do not use this mode for multicast and broadcast traffic

<-- --> Port X and Port Y <-- --> Choose this option to monitor all traffic received by port

X and then transmitted by port Y or transmitted by port X and received by port Y (two way conversation steering).

Note: Do not use this mode for multicast and broadcast traffic

Selecting any one of the address-based monitoring modes activates the Address A and Address B screen ﬁelds, where you can specify MAC addresses to monitor.

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Viewing system statistics 71

Table 26 "Address-based monitoring modes" (page 71) describes

the address-based monitoring modes.

Table 26 Address-based monitoring modes

Item Description Disabled Choose this option to disable port-based monitoring.

The default setting is Disabled.

Address A --> any Address Choose this option to monitor all traffic transmitted from

Address A to any address.

any Address --> Address A Choose this option to monitor all traffic received by Address A

from any address.

<-- --> Address A Choose this option to monitor all traffic received by or

transmitted by Address A.

Address A --> Address B Choose this option to monitor all traffic transmitted by Address

A that goes to Address (one way conversation steering).

Address A <-- --> Address B Choose this option to monitor all traffic received by Address A

and then transmitted by Address B or transmitted by Address A and received by Address B (two way conversation steering).

Viewing system statistics

The options available to monitor system statistical data are:

•

"Viewing port statistics" (page 71)

•

"Viewing all port errors" (page 74)

•

"Viewing interface statistics" (page 76)

•

"Viewing Ethernet error statistics" (page 77)

•

"Viewing transparent bridging statistics" (page 79)

Viewing port statistics

You can view detailed statistics about a selected switch port in a stacked or stand-alone conﬁguration. Both received and transmitted statistics are displayed so that you can compare throughput or other port parameters.

To view statistical data about a selected switch port:

—End—

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Step Action 1

From the main menu, choose Statistics > Port. The Port page opens (Figure 23 "Port page" (page 72)).

Figure 23 Port page

Table 27 "Port page items" (page 72) describes the items on the

Port page.

Table 27 Port page items

Section

Item Description

Unit The number of the switch to monitor.Port Statistics

(View By)

Port The switch port number to monitor. Packets The number of packets received/transmitted on this

Port Statistics Table

port, including bad packets, broadcast packets, and multicast packets.

Multicast The number of good multicast packets

received/transmitted on this port, excluding broadcast packets.

Broadcasts The number of good broadcast packets

received/transmitted on this port.

Total Octets The number of octets of data received/transmitted on

this port, including data in bad packets and Frame Check Sequence (FCS) octets, and framing bits.

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Section

Item Description

Lost Packets The number of packets discarded on this port when

the capacity of the port transmit buffer was exceeded.

Packets = 64 bytes The number of packets this size received/transmitted

successfully on this port.

Packets 65-127 bytes The number of packets this size received/transmitted

successfully on this port.

Packets 128-255 bytes

Packets 256-511 bytes

Packets 512-1023 bytes

Packets 1024-1518 bytes

The number of packets this size received/transmitted successfully on this port.

FCS Errors The number of valid-size packets received on this

port with proper framing but discarded because of cyclic redundancy check (CRC) errors.

Undersized Packets The number of packets received on this port with

fewer than 64 bytes and with proper CRC and framing (also known as short frames or runts).

Oversized Packets The number of packets received on this port with

proper CRC and framing that meet the following requirements:

•

1518 bytes if no VLAN tag exists

•

1522 bytes if a VLAN tag exists

Filtered Packets The number of packets filtered, but not forwarded

on this port.

Flooded Packets The number of packets flooded (forwarded) through

this port because the destination address was not recognized in the address database.

Frame Errors The number of valid-size packets received on this

port but discarded because of CRC errors and

improper framing. Collisions The number of collisions detected on this port. Single Collisions The number of packets transmitted successfully on

this port after a single collision.

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Item Description

Multiple Collisions The number of packets transmitted successfully on

this port after more than one collision. Excessive Collisions The number of packets lost on this port due to

excessive collisions. Deferred Packets The number of frames delayed on the first

transmission attempt, but that never incurred a

collision. Late Collisions The number of packet collisions that occurred after a

total length of time exceeding 512 bit-times of packet

transmission.

In the Port Statistics section, choose the unit number and its port number.

Click Submit. The Port Statistics Table is updated with information about the

selected device and port (Figure 23 "Port page" (page 72)).

To update the statistical information, click Update.

—End—

Zeroing ports

To clear the statistical information for the currently displayed port: è Click Zero Port. To clear the statistical information for all ports in a switch or stack

conﬁguration: è Click Zero All Ports.

Viewing all port errors

You can view all ports in the entire stack that have an error. If a particular port has no errors, it is not displayed.

To view a summary of the port errors for the Ethernet Switch:

Step Action 1 From the main menu, choose Statistics > Port Error Summary.

The Port Error Summary page opens (Figure 24 "Port Error

Summary page" (page 75)).

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Figure 24 Port Error Summary page

Table 28 "Port Error Summary Table ﬁelds" (page 75) describes the

read-only information displayed in the Port Error Summary Table.

Table 28 Port Error Summary Table ﬁelds

Item Description

Unit Displays the unit number in the stack. Port Displays the port number of the unit. Status Displays the status of the port

(Enabled/Disabled).

Link Displays the link status of the port

(Up/Down).

Speed/Duplex Displays the speed at which the port

is operating, as well as whether it is in half- or full-duplex mode.

Frame Errors Displays the number of frame errors

received on this port.

FCS Errors Displays the number of frame check

sequence (FCS) errors received on this port.

Late Collisions Displays the number of late collisions

errors received on this port.

Multiple Collisions Displays the number of multiple

collisions errors received on this port.

Excessive Collisions Displays the number of excessive

collisions errors received on this port.

To view the latest port statistics, click the Update button at the bottom of the page.

—End—

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76 Chapter 4 Conﬁguring network monitoring using Web-based management

Viewing interface statistics

You can view selected switch interface statistics. To view statistical information for an interface:

Step Action 1

From the main menu, choose Statistics > Interface. The Interface page opens (Figure 25 "Interface page" (page 76)).

Figure 25 Interface page

Table 29 "Interface page items" (page 76) describes the items on

the Interface page.

Table 29 Interface page items

Item Description

Port The port number corresponding to the selected switch. In Octets The number of octets received on the interface, including framing

characters.

Out Octets The number of octets transmitted out of the interface, including framing

characters.

In Unicast The number of subnetwork-unicast packets delivered to a higher-layer

protocol.

Out Unicast The number of packets that higher-layer protocols requested be

transmitted to a subnetwork-unicast address, including those discarded or not sent.

In Non-Unicast The number of non-unicast packets, for example, subnetwork-broadcast

or subnetwork-multicast packets, delivered to a higher protocol.

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Item Description

Out Non-Unicast The number of packets that higher-level protocols requested

be transmitted to a non-unicast address. For example, a subnetwork-broadcast or a subnetwork multicast address, including those discarded or not sent.

In Discards The number of inbound packets selected to be discarded even though no

errors were detected to prevent their delivery to a higher-layer protocol. Packet discarding is not arbitrary. One reason for discarding packets is to free buffer space.

Out Discards The number of outbound packets selected to be discarded even though

no errors were detected to prevent their being transmitted. Packet discarding is not arbitrary. One reason for discarding packets is to free buffer space.

In Errors The number of inbound packets that contained errors preventing them

from being deliverable to a higher-layer protocol. Out Errors The number of outbound packets not transmitted because of errors. In Unknown Protos The number of packets received through the interface that were discarded

because of an unknown or unsupported protocol.

In the upper-left hand corner, click on the unit number of the device to monitor.

The page is updated with the information for the selected device (Figure 25 "Interface page" (page 76)).

3 4

To update the statistical information, click Update. To update the statistical information, click Update, or click Back to

return to the Interface page.

Viewing Ethernet error statistics

You can view Ethernet error statistics for each monitored interface linked to the Ethernet Switches 460 and 470.

To view Ethernet error statistics:

Step Action 1

From the main menu, choose Statistics > Ethernet Errors. The Ethernet Errors page opens (Figure 26 "Ethernet Errors page"

(page 78)).

—End—

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Figure 26 Ethernet Errors page

Table 30 "Ethernet Errors page items" (page 78) describes the items

on the Ethernet Errors page.

Table 30 Ethernet Errors page items

Item Description

Port The port number corresponding to the selected switch. Alignment Errors The number of frames received on a particular interface that are not an

integral number of octets in length and do not pass the FCS check. FCS Errors The number of frames received on a particular interface that are an

integral number of octets in length, but do not pass the FCS check. Internal MAC

Transmit Errors

The number of frames for which transmission on a particular interface

fails due to an internal MAC sublayer transmit error. A frame is added

to this counter only if it is not counted as a late collision error, excessive

collisions error, or as a carrier sense error. Internal MAC Receive

Errors

The number of frames for which reception on a particular interface fails

due to an internal MAC sublayer transmit error. A frame is added to

this counter only if it is not counted as a late collision error, excessive

collisions error, or as a carrier sense error. Carrier Sense Errors The number of times that the carrier sense conditions were lost or never

asserted when attempting to transmit a frame on a particular interface. Frame Too Long The number of frames received on a particular interface that exceed

the maximum permitted frame size.

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Viewing system statistics 79

Item Description

SQE Test Errors The number of times that the SQE TEST ERROR message is generated

by the PLS sublayer for a particular interface. The SQE TEST ERROR is

defined in section 7.2.2.2.4 of ANSI/IEEE 802.3-1985, and its generation

is described in section 7.2.4.6 of the same document. Deferred TransmissionsThe number of frames for which the first transmission attempt on a

particular interface is delayed because the medium is busy. Single Collision

Frames Multiple Collision

Frames Late Collisions The number of times a collision is detected on a particular interface later

Excessive Collisions The number of frames for which transmission on a particular interface

The number of successfully transmitted frames on a particular interface

for which transmission is inhibited by more than one collision.

The number of successfully transmitted frames on a particular interface

for which transmission is inhibited by a single collision.

than 512 bit-times into the transmission of a packet.

fails due to excessive collisions.

In the upper-left hand corner, click on the unit number of the device to monitor.

The table is updated with the information for the selected device.

3 4

To refresh the statistical information, click Update. To update the statistical information, click Update, or click Back to

return to the Ethernet Errors page

—End—

Viewing transparent bridging statistics

You can view the transparent bridging statistics measured for each monitored interface on the device.

To view transparent bridging statistics:

Step Action 1

From the main menu, choose Statistics > Transparent Bridging. The Transparent Bridging page opens (Figure 27 "Transparent

Bridging page" (page 80)).

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Figure 27 Transparent Bridging page

Table 31 "Transparent Bridging page items" (page 80) describes the

items on the Transparent Bridging page.

Table 31 Transparent Bridging page items

Item Description

Port The port number that corresponds to the selected switch. In Frames The number of frames that have been received by this port from its

segment. A frame received on the interface corresponding to this port is counted only if it is for a protocol being processed by the local bridging function, including bridge management errors.

Out Frames The number of frames that have been transmitted by this port from

its segment. A frame received on the interface corresponding to this port is counted only if it is for a protocol being processed by the local bridging function, including bridge management errors.

In Discards The number of valid frames received which were discarded by the

forwarding process.

In the upper-left hand corner, click the unit number of the device to monitor.

The page is updated with statistics about the selected device and its corresponding port number.

To refresh the statistical information, click Update.

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Monitoring MLT trafﬁc

You can monitor the bandwidth usage for the MultiLink Trunk member ports within each trunk in your conﬁguration by selecting the trafﬁc type to monitor.

To monitor MultiLink Trunk trafﬁc:

Step Action

Monitoring MLT trafﬁc 81

—End—

Table 32 Utilization page items

Section

From the main menu, choose Application > MultiLink Trunk > Utilization.

The Utilization page opens (Figure 28 "Utilization page" (page 81)).

Figure 28 Utilization page

Table 32 "Utilization page items" (page 81) describes the items on

the Utilization page.

Item Range Description

Trunk Utilization Selection (View By)

Traffic Type (1) RX and TX

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(2) RX (3) TX

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Choose the trunk to be monitored.MultiLink Trunk Choose the traffic type to be

monitored for percentage of bandwidth utilization.

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MultiLink Trunk Utilization Table

Item Range Description

Unit/Port A list of the trunk member switch

ports that correspond to the trunk specified in the Trunk column.

Last 5 Minutes% The percentage of packets (of the

type specified in the Traffic Type field) used by the port in the last five minutes. Thisfield provides a running average of network activity, and is updated every 15 seconds.

Last 30

Minutes%

The percentage of packets (of the type specified in the Traffic Type field) used by the port in the last 30 minutes. Thisfield provides a running average of network activity, and is updated every 15 seconds.

Last Hour% The percentage of packets (of the

type specified in the Traffic Type field) used by the port in the last 60 minutes. Thisfield provides a running average of network activity, and is updated every 15 seconds.

In the MultiLink Trunk Utilization Selection section, type the Trunk number and trafﬁc type to be monitored.

Click Submit. The results of your request are displayed in the MultiLink Trunk

Utilization Table ( Figure 28 "Utilization page" (page 81)).

—End—

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Page 83

Chapter 5 Conﬁguring RMON using the CLI

The remote network monitoring (RMON) management information base (MIB) is an interface between the RMON agent on an Ethernet Switch and the RMON management applications. It deﬁnes objects that are suitable for the management of any type of network. Some groups are speciﬁcally targeted for Ethernet networks.

The RMON agent continuously collects statistics and proactively monitors the switch.

This chapter covers the RMON commands available in the CLI and includes the following topics:

•

"show rmon alarm" (page 83)

•

"show rmon event" (page 84)

•

"show rmon history" (page 84)

•

"show rmon stats" (page 85)

•

"rmon alarm" (page 86)

• "no rmon alarm" (page 87)

•

"rmon event" (page 88)

•

"no rmon event" (page 88)

• "rmon history" (page 88)

•

"no rmon history" (page 89)

•

"rmon stats" (page 89)

• "no rmon stats" (page 90)

show rmon alarm

The show rmon alarm command displays information for RMON alarms. The syntax for the show rmon alarm command is:

show rmon alarm

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The show rmon alarm command is in the privExec mode. The show rmon alarm command has no parameters or variables.

Figure 29 "show rmon alarm command output" (page 84) displays a sample

output of the show rmon alarm command.

Figure 29 show rmon alarm command output

show rmon event

The show rmon event command displays information regarding RMON events. The syntax for the show rmon event command is:

show rmon event

The show rmon event command is in the privExec mode. The show rmon event command has no parameters or variables.

Figure 30 "show rmon event command output" (page 84) displays a sample

output of the show rmon event command.

Figure 30 show rmon event command output

show rmon history

The show rmon history command displays information regarding RMON history. The syntax for the show rmon history command is:

show rmon history

The show rmon history command is in the privExec mode. The show rmon history command has no parameters or variables.

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Figure 31 "show rmon history command output" (page 85) displays a

sample output of the show rmon history command.

Figure 31 show rmon history command output

show rmon stats 85

show rmon stats

The show rmon stats command displays information regarding RMON statistics. The syntax for the show rmon stats command is:

show rmon stats

The show rmon stats command is in the privExec mode. The show rmon stats command has no parameters or variables.

Figure 32 "show rmon stats command output" (page 86) displays a sample

output of the show rmon stats command.

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86 Chapter 5 Conﬁguring RMON using the CLI

Figure 32 show rmon stats command output

rmon alarm

The rmon alarm command allows you to set RMON alarms and thresholds. The syntax for the rmon alarm command is:

rmon alarm <1-65535> <WORD> <1-2147483647> {absolute | delta} rising threshold <-2147483648-2147483647> [<1-65535>] falling-threshold <-2147483648-2147483647> [<1-65535>] [owner <LINE>]

The rmon alarm command is in the conﬁg command mode.

Table 33 "rmon alarm command parameters and variables" (page 86)

describes the parameters and variables for the rmon alarm command.

Table 33 rmon alarm command parameters and variables

Parameters and variables Description

<1-65535>

<WORD>

Unique index for the alarm entry. The MIB object to be monitored. This

is an object identifier (OID) and, for most available objects, an English name can be used.

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Parameters and variables Description

<1-2147483647>

absolute

The sampling interval in seconds. Use absolute values (value of the

MIB object is compared directly with thresholds).

delta

Use delta values (change in value of the MIB object between samples is compared with thresholds).

rising-threshold <-2147483648-2147483647> [<1-65535>]

The first integer value is the rising threshold value. The optional second integer specifies the event entry triggered when the rising threshold is crossed. If omitted, or if an invalid event entry is referenced, no event is triggered.

no rmon alarm 87

no rmon alarm

The no rmon alarm command deletes RMON alarm table entries. When the variable is omitted, all entries in the table are cleared. The syntax for the no rmon alarm command is:

no rmon alarm [<1-65535>]

The no rmon alarm command is in the conﬁg command mode.

Table 34 "no rmon alarm command parameters and variables" (page 87)

describes the parameters and variables for the no rmon alarm command.

Table 34 no rmon alarm command parameters and variables

falling-threshold <-2147483648-2147483647> [<1-65535>]

[owner <LINE>]

The first integer value is the falling threshold value. The optional second integer specifies the event entry triggered when the falling threshold is crossed. If omitted, or if an invalid event entry is referenced, no event is triggered.

Specifies an owner string to identify alarm entry.

Parameters and variables Description

<1-65535>

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Unique index for the alarm entry.

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88 Chapter 5 Conﬁguring RMON using the CLI

rmon event

The rmon event command allows you to conﬁgure RMON event log and trap settings. The syntax for the rmon event command is:

rmon event <1-65535> [log] [trap] [description <LINE>] [owner <LINE>]

The rmon event command is in the conﬁg command mode.

Table 35 "rmon event command parameters and variables" (page 88)

describes the parameters and variables for the rmon event command.

Table 35 rmon event command parameters and variables

Parameters and variables Description

<1-65535>

[log]

[trap]

[description <LINE>]

[owner <LINE>]

Unique index for the event entry. Record events in the log table. Generate SNMP trap messages for events. Specify a textual description for the event. Specify an owner string to identify the event

entry

no rmon event

The no rmon event command deletes RMON event table entries. When the variable is omitted, all entries in the table are cleared. The syntax for the no rmon event command is:

no rmon event [<1-65535>]

The no rmon event command is in the conﬁg command mode.

Table 36 "no rmon event command parameters and variables" (page 88)

describes the parameters and variables for the no rmon event command.

Table 36 no rmon event command parameters and variables

rmon history

The rmon history command allows you to conﬁgure RMON history settings. The syntax for the rmon history command is:

Parameters and variables Description

<1-65535>

Unique index for the event entry.

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rmon stats 89

rmon history <1-65535> <LINE> <1-65535> <1-3600> [owner <LINE>]

The rmon history command is in the conﬁg command mode.

Table 37 "rmon history command parameters and variables" (page 89)

describes the parameters and variables for the rmon history command.

Table 37 rmon history command parameters and variables

Parameters and variables Description

<1-65535>

Unique index for the history entry.

<LINE>

<1-65535>

<1-3600>

[owner <LINE>]

no rmon history

The no rmon history command deletes RMON history table entries. When the variable is omitted, all entries in the table are cleared. The syntax for the no rmon history command is:

no rmon history [<1-65535>]

The no rmon history command is in the conﬁg command mode.

Table 38 "no rmon history command parameters and variables" (page

89) describes the parameters and variables for the no rmon history

command.

Table 38 no rmon history command parameters and variables

Specify the port number to be monitored. Number of history buckets (records) to keep. Sampling rate (how often a history sample is

collected). Specify an owner string to identify the history

entry.

Parameters and variables Description

<1-65535>

Unique index for the history entry.

rmon stats

The rmon stats command allows you to conﬁgure RMON statistic settings. The syntax for the rmon stats command is:

rmon stats <1-65535> <port> [owner <LINE>]

The rmon stats command is in the conﬁg command mode.

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Table 39 "rmon stats command parameters and variables" (page 90)

describes the parameters and variables for the rmon stats command.

Table 39 rmon stats command parameters and variables

Parameters and variables Description

<1-65535>

<port>

[owner <LINE>]

no rmon stats

The no rmon stats turns off RMON statistics. When the variable is omitted, all table entries are cleared. The syntax for the no rmon stats command is:

no rmon stats [<1-65535>]

The no rmon stats command is in the conﬁg command mode.

Unique index for the stats entry. Specifies a port for the stats. Specifies an owner string to identify the stats

entry.

Table 40 "no rmon stats command parameters and variables" (page 90)

describes the parameters and variables for the no rmon stats command.

Table 40 no rmon stats command parameters and variables

Parameters and variables Description

<1-65535>

Unique index for the stats entry.

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Page 91

Chapter 6 Conﬁguring RMON using Device Manager

The Remote Network Monitoring (RMON) MIB is an interface between the RMON agent on an Ethernet Switch and an RMON management application, such as the Device Manager.

The RMON MIB deﬁnes objects that are suitable for the management of any type of network, but some groups are targeted for Ethernet networks in particular.

The RMON agent continuously collects statistics and proactively monitors switch performance. You can view this data through the Device Manager.

RMON has three major functions:

•

Creating and displaying alarms for user-deﬁned events

•

Gathering cumulative statistics for Ethernet interfaces

•

Tracking a history of statistics for Ethernet interfaces

This chapter contains the following topics:

•

"Working with RMON information" (page 91)

•

"RMON Alarms" (page 98)

• "RMON events" (page 106)

•

"RMON Log information" (page 109)

Working with RMON information

You can view RMON information by looking at the Graph information associated with the port or chassis.

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RMON history

Ethernet history records periodic statistical samples from a network. A sample is called a history and is gathered in time intervals referred to as buckets. Histories establish a time-dependent method for gathering RMON statistics on a port. The default values for history are:

•

Buckets are gathered at 30-minute intervals.

• Number of buckets gathered is 50. Both the time interval and the number of buckets is conﬁgurable. However,

when the last bucket is reached, bucket 1 is dumped and "recycled" to hold a new bucket of statistics. Then bucket 2 is dumped, and so forth.

Creating a history

You can use RMON to collect statistics at intervals. For example, if you want RMON statistics to be gathered over the weekend, you require enough buckets to cover two days. To do this, set the history to gather one bucket each hour, thus covering a 48-hour period. After you set history characteristics, you cannot modify them; you must delete the history and create another one.

To establish a history for a port and set the bucket interval:

Step Action 1

From the Device Manager main menu, choose Rmon > Control. The RmonControl dialog box opens with the History tab displayed

Figure 33 "History tab" (page 92).

Figure 33 History tab

Click Insert. The RmonControl, Insert History dialog box opens (Figure 34

"RmonControl, Insert History dialog box" (page 93)).

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Working with RMON information 93

Figure 34 RmonControl, Insert History dialog box

3 4

Select the port from the port list or type the port number. Set the number of buckets.

The default is 50.

Set the interval. The default is 1800 seconds.

Type the owner (the network management system that created this entry).

Click Insert.

—End—

Table 41 "History tab ﬁelds" (page 93) describes the History tab of the

RmonControl dialog box.

Table 41 History tab ﬁelds

Field Description

Index A unique value assigned to each interface. An index

identifies an entry in a table. Port Any Ethernet interface on the device. BucketsRequested The requested number of discrete time intervals

over which data is to be saved in the part of the

media-specific table associated with this entry. BucketsGranted The number of discrete sampling intervals over which

data is saved in the part of the media-specific table

associated with this entry. There are instances when

the actual number of buckets associated with this entry

is less than the value of this object. In this case, at the

end of each sampling interval, a new bucket is added

to the media-specific table.

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Field Description

Interval The interval in seconds over which the data is sampled

for each bucket in the part of the media-specific table

associated with this entry. You can set this interval to

any number of seconds between 1 and 3600 (1 hour).

Because the counters in a bucket can overflow at their

maximum value with no indication, note the possibility

of overflow in any of the associated counters. It is

important to consider the minimum time in which any

counter can overflow on a particular media type; set the

historyControlInterval object to a value less than this

interval. This is typically most important for the octets

counter in any media-specific table. For example, on

an Ethernet network, the etherHistoryOctets counter

can overflow in about one hour at the Ethernet

maximum utilization. Owner The network management system that created this

entry.

Disabling history

To disable RMON history on a port:

Step Action 1

From the Device Manager main menu, choose Rmon > Control. The RmonControl dialog box opens with the History tab displayed

(Figure 33 "History tab" (page 92)).

Highlight the row that contains the port ID you want to delete.

3 Click Delete.

The entry is removed from the table.

Viewing RMON history statistics

To display RMON history statistics: è In the Rmon History tab, highlight an entry and click on the Graph button. The Rmon History statistics dialog box opens (Figure 35 "Rmon History

statistics" (page 95)).

—End—

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Figure 35 Rmon History statistics

Table 42 "Rmon History statistics tab ﬁelds" (page 95) describes the Rmon

History statistics tab ﬁelds.

Table 42 Rmon History statistics tab ﬁelds

Field Description

SampleIndex Indicates the sample number. As history samples are taken,

they are assigned greater sample numbers.

Utilization Estimates the percentage of link capacity used during the

sampling interval.

Octets The number of octets received on the link during the sampling

period.

Pkts The number of packets received on the link during the sampling

period.

BroadcastPktsThe number of packets received on the link during the sampling

interval that are destined for the packet address.

MulticastPkt s

The number of packets received on the link during the sampling interval that are destined for the multicast address. This doe not include the broadcast packets.

DropEvents The number of received packets dropped due to system

resource constraints.

CRCAlignErr ors

The number of packets received during a sampling interval that were between 64 and 1518 octets long that had a bad FCS with either an integral number of octets (FCS Error) or a non-integral number of octets(Alignment Error). The packet length includes Frame Check Sequence (FCS) octets but not framing bits.

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Field Description

UndersizePktsThe number of packets received during the sampling interval

that were less than 64 octets long (including FCS octets, but not framing bits).

OversizePkt s

Fragments The number of packets received during the sampling interval

Collisions The best estimate of the number of collisions on an Ethernet

The number of packets received during the sampling interval that were longer than 1518 octets (including FCS octets, but not framing bits) and were otherwise well-formed.

that were less than 64 octets long (including FCS octets, but not framing bits) that had a bad FCS with either an integral number of octets (FCS Error) or a non-integral number of octets (Alignment Error).

segment during a sampling interval.

Enabling Ethernet statistics gathering

You can use RMON to gather Ethernet statistics. To gather Ethernet statistics:

Step Action 1

From the Device Manager main menu, choose RMon > Control. The RmonControl dialog box opens with the History tab displayed.

Click the Ether Stats tab. The Ether Stats tab opens (Figure 36 "RmonControl dialog box --

Ether Stats tab" (page 96)).

Figure 36 RmonControl dialog box -- Ether Stats tab

Click Insert.

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Working with RMON information 97

The RmonControl, Insert Ether Stats dialog box opens (Figure 37

"RmonControl, Insert Ether Stats dialog box" (page 97)).

Figure 37 RmonControl, Insert Ether Stats dialog box

Select the ports. Enter the port number you want or select the port from the list menu

(Figure 38 "RmonControl, Insert Ether Stats dialog box port list"

(page 97)).

Figure 38 RmonControl, Insert Ether Stats dialog box port list

Device Manager assigns the index.

Click Insert. The new Ethernet Statistics entry is shown in the Ether Stats tab.

—End—

Table 43 "Ether Stats tab ﬁelds" (page 97) describes the Ether Stats tab

ﬁelds.

Table 43 Ether Stats tab ﬁelds

Field Description

Index A unique value assigned to each interface. An index identifies an

entry in a table. Port Any Ethernet interface on the device. Owner The network management system that created this entry.

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Disabling Ethernet statistics gathering

To disable Ethernet statistics that you have set:

Step Action 1

3 Highlight the row that contains the port ID you want to delete. 4

RMON Alarms

Alarms are useful when you need to know when the values of a variable go outside a speciﬁed range. You can deﬁne an RMON alarm for any MIB variable that resolves to an integer value. You cannot use string variables (such as system description) as alarm variables.

All alarms share the following characteristics:

From the Device Manager main menu, choose Rmon > Control. The RmonControl dialog box opens with the History tab displayed.

Click the Ether Stats tab. The Ether Stats tab opens (Figure 36 "RmonControl dialog box --

Ether Stats tab" (page 96)).

Click Delete. The Ether Stats entry is removed from the table.

—End—

•

An upper and lower threshold value is deﬁned.

•

A corresponding rising and falling event occurs.

•

An alarm interval or polling period is reached.

When alarms are activated, you can view the activity in a log or a trap log, or you can create a script to notify you by beeping a console, sending e-mail, or calling a pager.

How RMON alarms work

The alarm variable is polled and the result is compared against upper and lower limit values you select when you create the alarm. If either limit is reached or crossed during the polling period, then the alarm ﬁres and generates an event that you can view in the event log or the trap log.

The upper limit of the alarm is called the rising value, and its lower limit is called the falling value. RMON periodically samples the data based upon the alarm interval. During the ﬁrst interval that the data passes above the

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RMON Alarms 99

rising value, the alarm ﬁres as a rising event. During the ﬁrst interval that the data drops below the falling value, the alarm ﬁres as a falling event (Figure 39 "How alarms ﬁre" (page 99)).

Figure 39 How alarms ﬁre

It is important to note that the alarm ﬁres during the ﬁrst interval in which the sample goes out of range. No additional events are generated for that threshold until the opposite threshold is crossed. Therefore, you must carefully deﬁne the rising and falling threshold values for alarms to work as expected. Otherwise, incorrect thresholds cause an alarm to ﬁre at every alarm interval.

A general guideline is to deﬁne one of the threshold values to an expected, baseline value, and then deﬁne the opposite threshold as the out-of-bounds limit. Because of sample averaging, the value can be equal to ±1 of the baseline units. For example, assume an alarm is deﬁned on octets going out of a port as the variable. The intent of the alarm is to provide notiﬁcation to the system administrator when excessive trafﬁc occurs on that port. If spanning tree is enabled, then 52 octets are transmitted out of the port every 2 seconds, which is equivalent to baseline trafﬁc of 260 octets every 10 seconds. This alarm provides the notiﬁcation the system administrator needs if the lower limit of octets going out is deﬁned at 260 and the upper limit is deﬁned at 320 (or at any value greater than 260 + 52 = 312).

The ﬁrst time outbound trafﬁc other than spanning tree Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) occurs, the rising alarm ﬁres. When outbound trafﬁc other than spanning tree ceases, the falling alarm ﬁres. This process provides the system administrator with time intervalsof any non-baseline outbound trafﬁc.

If the alarm is deﬁned with a falling threshold less than 260 (assuming the alarm polling interval is 10 seconds), say 250, then the rising alarm can ﬁre only once (Figure 40 "Alarm example -- threshold less than 260" (page

100)). The reason is that for the rising alarm to ﬁre a second time, the falling

alarm (the opposite threshold) must ﬁre. Unless the port becomes inactive or spanning tree is disabled (which causes the value for outbound octets

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to drop to zero), the falling alarm cannot ﬁre, because the baseline trafﬁc is always greater than the value of the falling threshold. By deﬁnition, the failure of the falling alarm to ﬁre prevents the rising alarm from ﬁring a second time.

Figure 40 Alarm example -- threshold less than 260

Creating alarms

When you create an alarm, you select a variable from the variable list and a port, or other switch component, to which it is connected. Some variables require port IDs, card IDs, or other indices (for example, spanning tree group IDs). You then select a rising and a falling threshold value. The rising and falling values are compared against the actual value of the variable that you choose. If the variable falls outside of the rising or falling value range, an alarm is triggered, and an event is logged or trapped.

When you create an alarm, you also select a sample type, which can be either absolute or delta. Absolute alarms are deﬁned on the cumulative value of the alarm variable. An example of an alarm deﬁned with absolute value is card operating status. Because this value is not cumulative, but instead represents states, such as card up (value 1) and card down (value

2), you set it for absolute value. Therefore, you can create an alarm with a rising value of 2 and a falling value of 1 to alert a user to whether the card is up or down.

Most alarm variables related to Ethernet trafﬁc are set to delta value. Delta alarms are deﬁned based on the difference in the value of the alarm variable between the start of the polling period and the end of the polling period. Delta alarms are sampled twice per polling period. For each sample, the last two values are added together and compared to the threshold values. This process increases precision and allows for the detection of threshold crossings that span the sampling boundary. Therefore, if you track the current values of a given delta-valued alarm and add them together, the result is twice the actual value. (This result is not an error in the software.)

Alarm Manager example

Note: The example alarm described in the following procedure generates at least one alarm every ﬁve minutes. The example is

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