Panasonic 15000 User Manual

Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000

Terminology

NN10600-005

Document status: Standard Document issue: 7.2S1 Document date: March 2006 Product release: PCR7.2 and up Job function: Product Fundamentals Type: NTP Language type: U.S. English

NORTEL, the globemark design, and the NORTEL corporate logo are trademarks of Nortel.

What’s new 4

Secure shell (Ssh) on Nortel Multiservice Switch 15000 and 20000 4 Load Re-balancing on Parallel Links 4

List of terms 5

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Terminology

NN10600-005 7.2S1 Standard

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Nortel Confidential

What’s new

Terms that apply to the following features were added to this document:

• Secure shell (Ssh) on Nortel Multiservice Switch 15000 and 20000

(page 4)

• Load Re-balancing on Parallel Links (page 4)

Attention: To ensure that you are using the most current version of an NTP, check the current NTP list in NN10600-000 Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/ 15000/20000 What’s New.

Secure shell (Ssh) on Nortel Multiservice Switch 15000 and 20000

The following terms were updated for this feature:

• component model (page 32)

• Internet protocol interface over virtual circuit (IPIVC) (page 67)

• network management interface (NMIF) (page 88)

The following terms were added for this feature:

• Secure shell (Ssh) (page 118)

• Ssh (page 126)

Load Re-balancing on Parallel Links

The following term was added for this feature:

• LRB (page 78)

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Nortel Confidential

List of terms

802.3

An IEEE standard defining Ethernet communications.

AAL

See ATM adaptation layer (AAL) (page 12).

AAL1

See ATM adaptation layer type 1 (AAL1) (page 13).

AAL2

See ATM adaptation layer type 2 (AAL2) (page 13).

AAList

See active alarm list (page 7).

AAL2 channel identifier (CID)

A numerical value associated with a virtual channel connection (VCC) narrowband timeslot. For non-switched trunks, the association is fixed when the VCC is established. For switched trunks, the association is made for each cell.

AAL-5

See ATM adaptation layer type 5 (AAL-5) (page 13).

A-bit signaling

See availability-bit signaling (page 16).

ABR

1 See area border router (ABR) (page 11).

ABS

2 See available bit rate (ABR) (page 16).

See ATM bearer service (ABS) (page 13).

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Nortel Confidential

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List of terms

abstract syntax notation 1 (ASN.1)

A complex data description language used for defining data in a machineindependent manner. ASN.1 is defined in ITU-T and ISO specifications.

ACC

See access call control (ACC) (page 6).

acceptable routing path

A path that satisfies the traffic requirements for an ATM PNNI call and for which the optimization metric is within the specified variance interval. Acceptable routing paths are used for ATM network load balancing.

access call control (ACC)

Nortel Multiservice Switch protocol-independent software that controls the progress and state of a call.

access delay

The time it takes to clock a frame or cell into or out of an access port on a Nortel Multiservice Switch node. In a Multiservice Switch network, the calculated value for access delay includes the serialization delay only. Access devices are assumed to be located close enough to a Multiservice Switch node so that propagation delay is ignored.

access module (AM)

A DPN-100 device that provides user access, termination, and concentration, and local data switching. Access modules can use Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes as a backbone device.

access protocol control (APC)

Software residing on a Nortel Multiservice Switch node. APC software support OSI Layers 1, 2, and 3 CCS message handling and call processing functions for connections with PBXs. See also

(page 30).

accounting gateway

A software application that runs on a workstation and is used to convert accounting records into a format usable by an IBM or VAX billing host.

common channel signaling (CCS)

accounting meter

Collects data for the frame relay egress accounting and ATM accounting features based on the end-user traffic at the entry and exit points of the networks. The meter generates accounting records from the collected data.

acknowledgment

A message that the receiving end sends to the source to indicate that it has received a transmission in good order.

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Terminology

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List of terms

ACR

See available cell rate (ACR) (page 16).

active alarm list

A list of active alarms, residing on each running card, that have been raised but not yet cleared.

actual shaping rate (ASR)

The shaping rate that is applied to a given ATM virtual channel connection (VCC) or virtual path connection (VPC). This value is based on the traffic descriptor type parameters and the quality of service specified for the connection, and is determined through traffic shaping.

adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM)

A widely used voice compression technique standardized by the ITU-T.

address plan

Specifies the format of the addresses that identify the network elements to which Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes can route packets. The address plan is known by every node capable of receiving such packets. The plan can be either internal or external to Multiservice Switch. Multiservice Switch uses the external DPN-100 address plan that combines ITU-T specifications X.121 and E.164 with DPN-100 RID/MID addressing.

address prefix

A string of bits that forms the lead portion of one or more ATM addresses. The length of the prefix is a maximum of 152 bits.

address resolution protocol (ARP)

A mechanism for mapping an IP network layer address to a data link layer address.

address scope

In ATM PNNI networking, a configured value for each node that participates in the network. Address scope is assigned to the node address and defines the highest level up to which the node advertises this address in the PNNI hierarchy.

address space manager (ASM)

A component in a LEN node that assigns and frees session addresses.

address summarization

In ATM PNNI networking, reduces the amount of addressing information that needs to be distributed throughout the network. Address summarization makes scaling in large networks possible. See

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summary address (page 129).

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List of terms

adjacency

A relationship formed between selected neighboring routers for the purpose of exchanging routing information. Not every pair of neighboring routers becomes adjacent.

adjacent network identifier (ANID)

A numeric identifier assigned to an adjacent network that is directly connected to this network through at least one X.25 or X.75 gateway.

ADPCM

See adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM) (page 7).

ADTF

See allowed cell rate decrease time factor (ADTF) (page 9).

advertisement scope

See address scope (page 7).

Advisor

A Multiservice Data Manager toolset.

agent

Network management software components that are contained in managed entities such as routers, concentrators, and host computers. These components monitor the operation of the managed entity by maintaining a collection of objects in the management information base (MIB).

Agents communicate with corresponding managers.

aggregate policy

An internetworking policy through which the border gateway protocol (BGP) combines the characteristics of different routes and advertises this combination as a single route. Aggregation reduces the data that a BGP speaker stores and exchanges with another BGP speaker.

AINI

See ATM inter-network interface (AINI) (page 13).

AIR

See allowed information rate (AIR) (page 9).

AIS

See alarm indication signal (AIS) (page 9).

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Terminology

alarm agent

An entity residing on every function processor (FP) and control processor (CP) that receives alarm events from a variety of services/applications.

alarm

Notification of an unusual, important, or abnormal event. An event can be degradation of service or quality of service conditions, processing errors, outof-service conditions, software errors, administrative conditions, or security violations.

alarm collector

An entity residing on the active control processor (CP) that receives alarms from its alarm agents.

alarm indication signal (AIS)

1 A signal transmitted in lieu of the normal signal to maintain transmission

continuity and to indicate to the receiving equipment that there is a transmission interruption located either at the equipment originating the AIS signal or upstream of that equipment.

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List of terms

2 A signal transmitted in the downstream direction from a point of failure.

The AIS signal is used at the physical and ATM layers.

A-law

A technique for translating pulse code modulated voice into 64 kbit/s digital voice channels. A-law is used in countries that use E1 function processors. See also

mu-law (page 83).

allowed cell rate

In ATM ABR networking, the rate at which the ABR source is allowed to transmit cells into the network. The allowed cell rate for an ABR connection varies dynamically as resource availability changes along the connection.

allowed cell rate decrease time factor (ADTF)

In ATM ABR networking, the time interval permitted between sending forward resource management (FRM) cells before the allowed cell rate is decreased to the initial cell rate (ICR). If the source does not transmit an FRM cell for a period of ADTF centiseconds (hundredths of a second), it reduces its allowed cell rate to the value of its ICR. If the allowed cell rate is already at or below ICR, further rate reductions are defined by the ABR FRM cell limit.

allowed information rate (AIR)

A pro-active congestion control mechanism used by the network that reduces allocated bandwidth when congestion occurs and by doing so discards frames in a controlled fashion.

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Terminology

List of terms

alternate clock master

For Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400 nodes, the bus tap in slot 0 or slot 15, which is the alternate clock signal for a backplane bus. This term can also be applied to the processor card that contains the bus tap. See also

(page 28).

alternate mark inversion (AMI)

A digital line encoding technique in which a zero is transmitted by no pulse while a one is transmitted by a pulse opposite in polarity to the previous pulse.

alternate path

An optional pre-determined path for a specified path connection. The alternate path acts as a backup in case the primary path fails.

See access module (AM) (page 6).

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clock master

AM cluster

A set of DPN-100 access modules (AM) and routing identifiers (RID), where these AMs and RIDs have been grouped for routing purposes. Each AM cluster can have up to two RIDs. Each RID can be a member of more than one AM cluster.

American standard code for information interchange (ASCII)

A standards-based format for text files, in which each character is represented as a 7-digit binary string. There are 128 characters. There are variations, notably for Windows NT and derivative operating systems and IBM System 390 servers. There is also extended ASCII, which includes up to 256 characters.

AMI

See alternate mark inversion (AMI) (page 10).

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

An organization that establishes voluntary industry standards.

ancestor node

An ancestor node is a node that has a parent relationship to a given node.

ANID

See adjacent network identifier (ANID) (page 8).

ANSI

See American National Standards Institute (ANSI) (page 10).

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Terminology

APC

See access protocol control (APC) (page 6).

APS

See automatic protection switching (APS) (page 15).

application

Nortel Multiservice Switch software is partitioned into distinct software applications. Applications contain features that are loaded on cards to provide services. A

Multiservice Switch node can run multiple software applications simultaneously. An example of an application is frame relay service. See also

application version (AV) (page 11).

application journaling

Represents the journaling of operational data between active and standby applications

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List of terms

application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)

An integrated circuit that performs a set of specific processes more quickly and efficiently than a generic processor.

application version (AV)

A particular version (or release) of an application.

application version list (AVL)

Specifies the version level of all applications that are configured to run on a Nortel Multiservice Switch node.

AQM

See ATM queue manager (AQM) (page 14).

Architect for Passport

A Multiservice Data Manager toolset.

area border router (ABR)

Connects one or more OSPF areas and the backbone in IP networking. ABRs condense or summarize the topological data of their attached areas for distribution on the backbone. The backbone in turn distributes the information to other areas.

ARP

See address resolution protocol (ARP) (page 7).

See autonomous system (AS) (page 15).

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Terminology

ASBR

ASCII

ASIC

ASM

ASN.1

ASPEN

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See autonomous system boundary router (ASBR) (page 15).

See American standard code for information interchange (ASCII) (page 10).

See application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) (page 11).

See address space manager (ASM) (page 7).

See abstract syntax notation 1 (ASN.1) (page 6).

See voice gateway control protocol (VGCP) (page 145).

ASR

See actual shaping rate (ASR) (page 7).

AS weight policy

See autonomous system weight policy (page 15).

associated signaling

Uses one dedicated path between nodes as the signaling link.

asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)

A technology that provides access to a network by multiplexing user information into fixed-length units called cells. ATM forms the basis for broadband networks.

ATM

See asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) (page 12).

ATM accounting

Collects usage information in the form of cell counts for ATM connections. The service provider can use this information to bill customers or for test purposes, statistics, network engineering, and planning.

ATM adaptation layer (AAL)

The standards layer that allows multiple applications to convert data to and from a set of ATM cells. AAL translates higher layer services into the size and format of an ATM cell.

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ATM adaptation layer type 1 (AAL1)

An AAL protocol used to transfer constant bit rate traffic such as voice and video.

ATM adaptation layer type 2 (AAL2)

An AAL protocol used to transfer variable bit rate traffic.

ATM adaptation layer type 5 (AAL-5)

An AAL protocol used to transfer variable bit rate, delay-tolerant, connectionoriented traffic that requires minimal sequencing or error detection support.

ATM anycast capability

An ATM routing and signaling feature that allows a user to request a point-topoint connection to a single ATM end system that is part of an ATM group.

ATM bearer service (ABS)

Nortel Multiservice Switch ATM node’s bearer service allows ATM users and external equipment (ATM hubs, routers, workstations, servers, and videoconferencing equipment) access to the service provides sequence-preserving connection-oriented cell transfer between source and destination with a defined quality of service and throughput.

Multiservice Switch network. This

ATM bus controller (ABC)

A bus controller on a Nortel Multiservice Switch ATM node’s function processor.

ATM interface CAC (AtmIf-CAC)

A connection admission control (CAC) technique that applies to independent virtual channel connections (VCC) and virtual path connections (VPC) under an ATM interface. Compare with

(page 143).

AtmIf-CAC

See ATM interface CAC (AtmIf-CAC) (page 13).

ATM inter-network interface (AINI)

ATM Forum standard signaling protocol that provides interconnection between Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes as well as interconnection between Multiservice Switch and non-Multiservice Switch nodes (Nortel Networksfamily devices and devices from other vendors).

virtual path termination CAC (VPT-CAC)

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Terminology

ATM IP function processor

Nortel Multiservice Switch ATM node function processor that uses the Multiservice Switch queue controller (PQC) and ATM queue manager (AQM) ASICs to provide enhanced cell processing and ATM traffic management capabilities.

ATM layer

A layer in the B-ISDN protocol stack that transfers ATM cells. It is positioned between the physical layer and the AAL.

ATM link

A standards-based ATM connection.

ATM logical multicasting

Logical multicasting creates additional VCCs on the same output port of a node, thus allowing more than one replicated copy of the same cell to be delivered to the same output port. This in turn enables cell replication for transport over ATM networks that do not support multicasting.

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ATM multiprotocol encapsulation service

A service that supports two encapsulation methods for carrying connectionless network interconnect traffic over AAL-5. The first method is logical link control (LLC) encapsulation, which permits multiple protocols over a single ATM virtual circuit (VC). The second method is VC encapsulation, which permits one protocol over each ATM VC.

ATM network multicasting

Network multicasting is performed at each node in the ATM network to determine where branch points for a PMP call are required. Once a branch point is identified, spatial multicasting techniques are utilized to replicate the cell stream.

ATM networking

Encompasses the standards-based UNI, IISP, AINI, and PNNI routing and signaling protocols.

ATM queue manager (AQM)

A hardware chip on ATM IP function processors. The AQM performs traffic management functions such as per-VC queuing, shaped fair queuing, and processing for available bit rate (ABR) traffic.

ATM spatial multicasting

Spatial multicasting delivers replicated cells to different output ports on the same node, thus permitting the routing of cells from the same node to different destinations.

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attribute

Defines the behavior or information associated with a specific component. Attributes are either operational or provisionable. See also

attribute (page 93) and provisionable attribute (page 107).

attribute type

Specifies the structure of the attribute’s value (for example, decimal, hex, BCD, integer, or IP address).

attribute value

The current setting for an attribute. The structure of the value is dictated by the type of attribute.

automatic protection switching (APS)

APS detects faults in SONET or SDH lines that are connected to the active function processor. Under line APS, two SONET or SDH lines are defined: working and protection. Either line can be active. Line APS monitors the line that is active and when necessary causes the card to switch to the other line.

operational

autonomous system (AS)

An autonomous system is one or more networks that are under the control of one enterprise. These networks are usually under the control of a single routing protocol.

autonomous system boundary router (ASBR)

An ASBR is a gateway between autonomous systems. ASBRs are the backbone of the Internet.

autonomous system weight policy

The autonomous system weight policy allows you to set a preference for some autonomous systems and discriminate against others. You can assign each autonomous system a weight, where the border gateway protocol (BGP) prefers the path with lowest weight.

See application version (AV) (page 11).

AVL

See application version list (AVL) (page 11).

availability

The percentage of time during which a device or service is ready for use.

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availability-bit signaling

The availability-bit (A-bit) signaling technique exchanges availability status between the two ends of a frame relay permanent virtual channel (PVC) connection. A-bit signaling permits each end of a PVC to determine if the remote end is ready to process data.

availability message packet (AMP)

An availability message packet (AMP) is a status message sent by a hunt group member to its hunt group server. A hunt group member sends an AMP each time its availability status changes significantly.

available bit rate (ABR)

An ATM service category. ABR permits dynamic allocation of bandwidth to applications that are highly tolerant of cell delay and delay variance, such as LAN interconnection. ABR traffic is characterized as very bursty.

available cell rate (ACR)

The available capacity of an ATM link. In general, ACR refers to links that are already in use by one or more ATM connections.

B-channel

See bearer channel (B-channel) (page 19).

B-ICI

See broadband inter-s interface (B-ICI) (page 21).

B3ZS

See binary 3 zero substitution (B3ZS) (page 19).

B8ZS

See binary 8 zero substitution (B8ZS) (page 19).

backbone

A group of interconnected core nodes that normally tandem traffic. A backbone node exchanges full topology information with all nodes in the same topology region that are not cluster nodes. The backbone exchanges limited routing and no topology information with clusters. The backbone does not exchange any information with nodes in other topology regions.

backbone border node

Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes that reside on a backbone boundary, connected by backbone-cluster border links to cluster nodes.

backbone node

Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes that reside within a backbone.

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Terminology

backbone router

A router that has an interface to the backbone, including area border routers (ABR). A backbone router that has connections only to other backbone routers also functions as an internal router.

backplane

The printed circuit board into which control and function processors on a shelf are seated. The backplane serves two functions: distributes power to all processor cards on the shelf, and supports the bus that transports data and signaling between processor cards.

backplane bus

A cell-based 800 Mbit/s bus. The backplane bus allows each processor card in a shelf to send data or signaling to any other processor card. There are two backplane buses for each shelf: X and Y.

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List of terms

backplane control system (BCS)

The software system that manages the operation of the Nortel Multiservice Switch

15000 and Multiservice Switch 20000 fabrics. The BCS controls the fabrics on each processor card, allowing applications to send and receive frames over the backplane X and Y fabrics. The BCS also monitors the state of the fabrics to ensure that all cards can communicate. Lastly, the BCS allows the operator to monitor and test the fabrics.

backplane fabric

A cell-based 56.3 Gbit/s fabric. The backplane fabric allows each processor card in a shelf to send data or signaling to any other processor card. There are two backplane fabrics for each shelf: X and Y.

backplane file system (BFS)

The file system that enables a processor card to access files on either the active or standby control processor across the backplane.

backward congestion indication (BCI)

A bit in the Nortel Multiservice Switch packet header that indicates that packets travelling in the opposite direction on the connection are encountering congestion.

backward explicit congestion notification (BECN)

The bit in a frame relay header that indicates congestion in the path for the direction opposite to the direction in which the frame is flowing.

backward resource management cell (BRM)

Forward resource management cells that the ABR destination device turns around for delivery to the available bit rate source. See

management cell (FRM) (page 54).

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forward resource

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List of terms

bandwidth-elastic connection

See elastic connection (page 47).

bandwidth-non-elastic connection

See non-elastic connection (page 90).

bandwidth management

Allows both connectionless and path-oriented traffic to share the same Nortel Multiservice Switch trunk while ensuring that trunk bandwidth is not oversubscribed to by circuits carrying voice and video traffic. Bandwidth is reserved for the duration of a logical connection and can be partitioned among services according to their priorities, minimizing the probability that voice and video traffic is discarded.

bandwidth on demand (BWOD)

Capability enabling users to acquire varying amounts of bandwidth on request.

bandwidth pools

In ATM traffic management, a method of reserving by service category a percentage of link bandwidth (known as a bandwidth pool) for connections.

basic rate interface (BRI)

The interface between an ISDN subscriber and the ISDN switch (that is, the local loop). The interface consists of two 64 kbit/s B-channels and one 16 kbit/ s D-channel.

basic virtual path terminator

A type of virtual path terminator that provides traffic management at the VC level only.

See committed burst size (Bc) (page 30).

See bus controller (BC) (page 22).

BCD

See binary-coded decimal (BCD) (page 19).

BCI

See backward congestion indication (BCI) (page 17).

BCS

1 See bus control system (BCS) (page 22).

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Terminology

2 See backplane control system (BCS) (page 17).

See excess burst size (Be) (page 50).

bearer channel (B-channel)

In ISDN connections, a 64 kbit/s digital bidirectional channel for carrying voice and data traffic.

BECN

See backward explicit congestion notification (BECN) (page 17).

beginning of message (BOM)

The first cell in a series of cells that result from segmentation of higher-layer packets or frames. The BOM cell marks the first cell in the cell series that represents one packet or frame.

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List of terms

BFS

See backplane file system (BFS) (page 17).

BGP

See border gateway protocol (BGP) (page 20).

binary 3 zero substitution (B3ZS)

An encoding technique used to transfer bits over a DS3 line. B3ZS guarantees 1’s density by substituting a pattern of bipolar violations if three or more zeros in a row are to be transported.

binary 8 zero substitution (B8ZS)

An encoding technique used to transfer bits over a DS1 line. B8ZS guarantees 1’s density by substituting a pattern of bipolar violations if eight or more zeros in a row are to be transported.

binary-coded decimal (BCD)

1 A computer coding system that represents each decimal number with a

group of four binary digits (1s and 0s).

2 A component model data type.

bipolar violation (BPV)

A failure to follow alternate mark inversion coding. BPVs are intentionally inserted in the bit stream using 1’s density techniques.

bit 7 stuffing

When a T1 or E1 time slot has all 0s, bit 7 (the least significant bit) is forced to a 1.

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Terminology

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List of terms

BITS

See building-integrated timing supply (BITS) (page 21).

bit-transparent data service (BTDS)

Nortel Multiservice Switch application that transports continuous synchronous data (isochronous) that has already been subjected to some form of encoding across the network without interpretation. The continuous data stream is broken into fixed sized cells and sent through the network.

block

A a series of contiguous memory locations. User data is stored in a block. All blocks are assumed to be the same length, usually a binary (power of 2) number of words. Memory blocks are linked together to form buffers.

BNX

The Bay Networks network element running hyperstream software.

BNX-Iwf

BNX interworking function. The set of capabilities that permits frame relay services over IP connections between virtual routers on a Nortel Multiservice Switch

15000 or Multiservice Switch 20000 node and a Bay Networks network element running hyperstream software (BNX).

BNX-Iwf DLCI

BNX interworking function DLCI. A type of FrUni DLCI that is required for interworking between the Bay Networks network element running hyperstream software (BNX) and the Nortel Multiservice Switch Multiservice Switch

20000 node supporting frame relay over IP.

BOM

See beginning of message (BOM) (page 19).

border gateway protocol (BGP)

Border gateway protocol (BGP) is an inter-autonomous systems routing protocol for the Internet.

border node

A logical node at the edge of some kind of networking boundary, such as a topology region, peer group, or cluster.

15000 or

bootstrap router (BSR)

A dynamically elected router within a PIM domain that is responsible for constructing the RP-Set and originating bootstrap messages.

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Terminology

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List of terms

BPV

See bipolar violation (BPV) (page 19).

break-before-make rerouting

See connection recovery (page 33).

BRI

See basic rate interface (BRI) (page 18).

BRM

See backward resource management cell (BRM) (page 17).

broadband inter-s interface (B-ICI)

An interface between public ATM networks.

broadcast

To send one or more messages to multiple addresses on one or more networks.

BSR

See bootstrap router (BSR) (page 20).

See burst tolerance (BT) (page 22).

BTDS

See bit-transparent data service (BTDS) (page 20).

buffer

A linked list of blocks. The blocks that make up a buffer are not necessarily contiguous. Buffers are composed of multiple blocks when the user data does not fit into a single block. The linkage of blocks to form a buffer is managed by the queue controller.

buffer memory

See shared memory (page 121).

building-integrated timing supply (BITS)

The most accurate and stable clock source within a physical structure. All digital equipment in the structure receives timing reference from the same master clock. BITS derives its signal from a stratum-3E or better reference signal. BITS provides network clock synchronization through external timing to the Nortel Multiservice Switch Multiservice Switch

20000 node.

7400, Multiservice Switch 15000, or

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Terminology

bundle

Grouping of one or more physical links using the formats and procedures of the multilink frame relay (MLFR) standards. The bundle operates as a logical interface function that emulates a single physical interface to the Q.922 data link layer.

bundle link

A multilink frame relay (MLFR) sub-component that controls operation of one of the bundle’s physical links.

burst tolerance (BT)

A characteristic of ATM usage parameter control applied to traffic defined through traffic descriptor types 6, 7, and 8, and is based primarily on the MBS value defined in parameter 3 for each of these types. BT is defined as MBS minus 1 multiplied by the difference between the PCR and SCR cell intervals. BT, together with SCR and the GCRA, determines the MBS that can be transmitted at the PCR.

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List of terms

bus

The Nortel Multiservice Switch node bus.

bus control system (BCS)

The software system that manages the operation of the Nortel Multiservice Switch node bus.

bus controller (BC)

A Nortel Multiservice Switch ASIC that allows a processor card to send and receive data and to control information over a backplane bus. There are two bus controllers for each processor card, one for each 800 Mbit/s bus.

bus mode

A property of a Nortel Multiservice Switch node that indicates the number of backplane buses that are currently in service (for example, single-bus mode or dual-bus mode).

bus tap

The interface between a processor card and the backplane bus. The bus tap consists of a bus controller ASIC and some additional backplane interface logic. There are two bus taps for each processor card.

bus terminator card

A printed circuit board that terminates backplane traces, thereby reducing errors on the backplane buses by eliminating signal reflection. Each shelf contains two bus terminator cards, one at each end of the backplane.

Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000

NN10600-005 7.2S1 Standard

PCR7.2 and up March 2006

Terminology

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List of terms

BWOD

See bandwidth on demand (BWOD) (page 18).

cable management area

One of the four divisions of the shelf. It allows orderly management of cables and acts as an exhaust duct for hot air.

cache management system (CMS)

A feature that allows the user to configure the IP local cache table size.

CAC

See connection admission control (CAC) (page 33).

call

Communication between two subscribers who are connected to endpoints of the network.

call correlation tag (CCT)

An identifier, unique for each call, provided in the accounting record to facilitate off-switch correlation of several records issued at different interfaces in the network.

call establishment

Establishing a call between two access services across a network.

call management

The capability of the Nortel Multiservice Switch accounting system to prevent the loss of accounting records by only accepting new SVC calls if the system has enough resources to process the accounting records associated with the SVC call. Call management is engineered for each logical processor.

call preservation

See connection preservation (page 34).

call redirection server (CRS)

Provides call redirection for DPRS services on Nortel Multiservice Switch node-only networks. A CRS improves an application’s availability by redirecting a call attempt that would otherwise fail because the destination cannot be reached. Call redirection servers are located on function processors that are spread throughout the routing identifier (RID) subnet in the DPRS network.

call router (CR)

Provides the translation of a DNA to a routable identity.

Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000

NN10600-005 7.2S1 Standard

PCR7.2 and up March 2006

Terminology

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List of terms

call server resource module (CSRM)

A DPN-100 resource module that is directly connected to and provides call server functions for a Nortel Multiservice Switch network.

candidate bootstrap router (C-BSR)

A router configured to participate in a BSR election and acts as a BSR if elected.

candidate rendezvous point (C-RP)

A router configured as a potential rendezvous point for a specified range of multicast addresses.

CAR

See connection address resolution (CAR) (page 32).

card

An electronic circuit board. In Nortel Multiservice Switch documentation, card usually refers to a processor card (either a function processor or a control processor).

card port

An interface between the fabric card and the processor cards of the Nortel Multiservice Switch

15000 or Multiservice Switch 20000 node.

Carrier’s Carrier

The feature, service or configuration that offers BGP/MPLS VPN services to other service providers also offering BGP/MPLS VPN services to their end customers. Also referred to as hierarchical BGP/MPLS VPNs.

Carrier’s Carrier customer edge router (CE’)

The Passport router that interfaces with the Carrier's Carrier PE router (PE') and performs label distribution functionality between the customer carrier and the Carrier's Carrier in order to utilize the MPLS VPN transit service provided by the Carrier's Carrier. The CE' node also acts simultaneously as a PE router to the end CE router of the customer carrier.

Carrier’s Carrier provider edge router (PE’)

The router that offers the Carrier's Carrier service to the CE' router.

CAS

1 See component administration system (CAS) (page 31).

2 See channel-associated signaling (CAS) (page 27).

CAW

See cumulative administrative weight (CAW) (page 37).

Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000

NN10600-005 7.2S1 Standard

PCR7.2 and up March 2006

Terminology

CBC

CBR

C-BSR

CCITT

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List of terms

See connection bandwidth control (CBC) (page 33).

See constant bit rate (CBR) (page 34).

See candidate bootstrap router (C-BSR) (page 24).

See congestion control (CC) (page 32).

See Comité Consultatif International Télégraphique et Téléphonique (CCITT)

(page 30).

CCR

CCS

CCT

CDL

CDMA

CDV

CDVT

C-RP

See current cell rate (CCR) (page 37).

See common channel signaling (CCS) (page 30).

See call correlation tag (CCT) (page 23).

See component description language (CDL) (page 31).

See code-division multiple access (page 29)

See cell delay variation (CDV) (page 26).

See cell delay variation tolerance (CDVT) (page 26).

See candidate rendezvous point (C-RP) (page 24).

See “customer edge device or router (CE)” (page 37).

CE’

See “Carrier’s Carrier customer edge router (CE’)” (page 24).

Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000

NN10600-005 7.2S1 Standard

PCR7.2 and up March 2006

Terminology

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List of terms

cell

A small, fixed-length data unit, with associated control header (cell header), that is transmitted across the network. Many cells can be required to carry a complete message for a customer. The ATM cell is 53 bytes long.

cell delay variation (CDV)

The allowable variation in time that a cell can take to travel over a virtual connection. Also, the measurable variation in the interval between ATM cells arriving at a network element. The accumulation of this variation results in cell clumping. Also known as cell delay variance.

cell delay variation tolerance (CDVT)

One of a set of ATM traffic characterization values. CDVT defines the tolerance to cell clumping that results from the accumulating amount of cell delay variation or “jitter” in the network or customer premises equipment (CPE). CDVT is Nortel Multiservice Switch node-specific and is not part of the ATM Forum specification.

cell header

Information wrapped within a cell that determines the destination of the cell and carries sequencing and error detection information.

cell loss priority (CLP)

A bit located in the ATM cell header that identifies the priority of the cell as eligible for discard at a point of congestion.

cell loss ratio (CLR)

The allowable percentage of cells that can be lost for a given traffic type. CLR is the ratio between ATM cells transmitted by the source over a link and the number of cells discarded by the destination due to congestion. CLR is a QOS class parameter that defines the loss ratio that the service provider agrees to over the lifetime of a connection.

cell queue controller (CQC)

The hardware chip that supports traffic shaping and usage parameter control on ATM interfaces and connections, and that permits per-VC queuing. The CQC ASIC defines the series of CQC ATM function processors as distinct from other series of ATM function processors.

cell queue memory (CQM)

The RAM memory used by the cell queue controller (CQC). This memory is used as buffer space for the link transmit queues, reserved space, and connection space.

Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000

NN10600-005 7.2S1 Standard

PCR7.2 and up March 2006

Terminology

List of terms

cell switching

A hardware-based switching technology in which data entering the network is broken down into one or more fixed-length cells. The cells are transported independently through the network and reassembled at the destination.

cell transfer delay (CTD)

The time it takes a cell to travel from one end of a virtual connection to the other. CTD is also defined as the measurable elapsed time between an exit event at a measuring point (the source UNI) and an entry event at a measuring point (the destination UNI). This measurement is the sum of the total internode transmission delay and the total node processing delay between the two measuring points.

central processing unit (CPU)

The main processing unit of a device that performs program sequencing and arithmetic logic.

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CES

See circuit emulation service (CES) (page 28).

channel

The smallest subdivision of a circuit that provides a single type of communication service.

channel-associated signaling (CAS)

Signaling used in voice or modem connections in which specific bits in the DS1 or E1 frame structure carry the ABCD signaling information for each channel.

channel service unit (CSU)

A type of interface used to connect a terminal or computer to a digital medium. A CSU also performs diagnostic and protective functions, such as providing a keep-alive signal to maintain line synchronization.

child node

In an ATM PNNI network, a node at the next lower level of the hierarchy where that node is contained in the peer group represented by the logical group node currently referenced. The child node can be a logical group node or a physical node.

child peer group

A child peer group of a peer group is any one group that contains a child node of a logical group node in that peer group.

CID

See customer identifier (CID) (page 38).

Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000

NN10600-005 7.2S1 Standard

PCR7.2 and up March 2006

Terminology

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List of terms

CIDR

See classless inter-domain routing (CIDR) (page 28).

CIR

See committed information rate (CIR) (page 30).

circuit emulation service (CES)

A service that converts and transports data from one circuit format to another. For example, a CES can convert DS1 circuit data to ATM cells at the ingress node for transport over an ATM network, and then reconvert the data to its original DS1 circuit format at the egress node.

Class A, B, and C (internetworking)

Address ranges for Internet addressing. These ranges are based on the first eight bits of the address. Each range allows less of the whole address for host addresses than the previous range.

• A Range from 1 to 126. This class is used for networks that have up to 224

nodes, such as government agencies and major university systems. Default address mask of 255.0.0.0.

• B Range from 128 to 191. This class is used for networks that have up to

nodes, such as large corporations. Default address mask of

255.255.0.0.

• C Range from 192 to 254. This class is used for smaller networks that

have fewer than 255 nodes, such as smaller colleges and businesses. Default address mask of 255.255.255.0.

class of service (IP CoS)

A Nortel Multiservice Switch IP differentiated service feature that provides limited IP traffic management.

classless inter-domain routing (CIDR)

An internetworking protocol that uses subnetwork masks other than the defaults used for IP address classes. Defined in RFC1517 and RFC1518.

clock master

The bus tap in slot 0 or 15 that supplies clock signals for a backplane bus. This term can also be used for the processor card that contains this bus tap.

closed user group (CUG)

A collection of users whose members are governed by certain rules of access with respect to communication with each other, with members of other closed user groups, and with the open part of the network. These rules maintain security, prohibit unauthorized access. and provide logical partitioning of the network for better access control.

Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000

NN10600-005 7.2S1 Standard

PCR7.2 and up March 2006

Terminology

CLP

See cell loss priority (CLP) (page 26).

CLR

See cell loss ratio (CLR) (page 26).

CLR alarm

An alarm that is issued subsequent to an associated SET alarm when the fault condition no longer applies. These alarms have an activeListStatus value of “CLR”.

cluster

See Multiservice Switch cluster (page 85).

cluster border node

Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes that reside on a cluster boundary, connected by backbone-cluster border links to the backbone.

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List of terms

cluster node

Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes that reside within a cluster.

CMS

See cache management system (CMS) (page 23).

CNLS

See connectionless routing (CNLS) (page 33).

CNM

See customer network management (CNM) (page 38).

See connection-oriented routing (CO) (page 34).

COI

See community of interest (COI) (page 31).

code-division multiple access

A method of allowing multiple users to access the same system by assigning them different digital codes which they can use to decode their desired narrowband information from the stream's wideband composite signal.

Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000

NN10600-005 7.2S1 Standard

PCR7.2 and up March 2006

Terminology

- 30 -

List of terms

cold standby

Applications and features that operate with a standby instance that is not synchronized with the active instance of the software. During an equipment switchover, cold standby applications incur longer outages than hot standby and warm standby applications, and all connections must be re-established.

COM

Continuation of message. See beginning of message (BOM) (page 19).

Comité Consultatif International Télégraphique et Téléphonique (CCITT)

A European standards body now known as ITU-T.

command area

An adjustable segment of a window where you enter and review commands. The command area contains two fields: a command (input) field and a history field.

command file

A set of instructions stored as a macro. When the command file is executed, all instructions or commands in that file are performed automatically.

command line interface

An area on a terminal screen that allows you to enter instructions from the keyboard and then execute those instructions.

committed burst size (Bc)

The maximum amount of data (in bits) that a network agrees to transfer under normal conditions over a measurement interval.

committed information rate (CIR)

The rate (in bit/s) at which the network agrees to transfer information over a connection. It is related to committed burst size (Bc) and measurement interval (T) as CIR = Bc/T.

common header

A small Nortel Multiservice Switch node-specific common frame header that is appended to the front of frames and cells that are routed between Nortel Multiservice Switch nodes.

common channel signaling (CCS)

A signaling system in which signaling control data for all channels on a facility is carried on a single separate channel in the form of a data protocol. For example, the control signals for 30 voice channels are carried on an ISDN PBX trunk, and the data channel (D-channel) is carried in one of the remaining channels.

Nortel Multiservice Switch 7400/15000/20000

NN10600-005 7.2S1 Standard

PCR7.2 and up March 2006

Terminology

+ 122 hidden pages

Panasonic 15000 User Manual

Contents

What’s new

Secure shell (Ssh) on Nortel Multiservice Switch 15000 and 20000

Load Re-balancing on Parallel Links

List of terms