Pacific Microsonics HDCD Model Two User Manual

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Model Two

HDCD A/D Converter D/A Converter

Digital Processor

User’s Manual

Ver sion 3.01

PN 9300-0020 Rev. C

Euphonix, Inc.

220 Portage Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94306

Phone (650) 855-0400 Fax (650) 855-0410

Overview

Model Two HDCD® User’s Manual

This User’s Manual contains information needed to properly install an d operate the Mod el Two. Please read the Installation section before connecting AC power! The In stallation and Set Up & Operation secti on s o f this m anu al sh ould also be r ead befor e first use o f the Model Two.

Model Two User’s Manual Versions correspond to Model Two Software Versions. Verify that the Software Version listed on page one of this manual matches the Version listed in the Software V ersion Men u accessible through th e Model T wo’s Graphic Display. For details, see page 65 in the Reference Section. If the Versions do not match, please contact Euphonix to obtain the correct User’s Manual, or update the Software Version.

Euphonix is committed to the ongoing support of our products and customers. If we can be of assistance in any way, please call us at (650) 855-0400, Monday through Friday, between 9:00 AM and 5:00 PM Pacific Time, or fax us at (650) 855-0410. You can also contact customer service by visiting our Web site at www.euphonix.com. For additional information on HDCD products and technology, please visit www.hdcd.com.

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Table of Contents

Model Two HDCD® User’s Manual

Installation

Model T wo Processor, 4 Model Two Power Supply, 4 DC Power Cable, 4 AC Power Cable, 4 Power Up, 5 Setting Analog Connector Pin Polarity, 5 Setting Analog Input Attenuation, 6 Analog Connections, 7 Analog Output Networks, 7 Digital Connections, 7 AES Signal Ground Isolators, 8 Model Two Processor Description, 9 Model Two Processor Front Panel Controls, 9 Model Two Processor Rear Panel, 10 Model Two Power Supply Description, 11

Setup & Operation

Model Two Rev. 3.01 Software Features, 12 Front Panel Controls and Displays, 13 Signal Level Meter, 13

Meter Source, 14 Meter Display Mode, 14 Peak Level Hold, 14

Signal Over Segments, 15 Peak Extension/HDCD Limiting Meters, 15 Meter Reset Button, 15 Meter Setup, 15 Monitoring, 16 Power Switch, 16 Graphic Display, 17 Menu Up and down Buttons, 17 Function Buttons, 17 Enter Button, 17 Rotary Control, 17 System Status Indicator, 18 Clock Indicators, 18 HDCD Indicator, 18 Operating Modes, 19-23 Presets, 24 Factory Preset Configurations, 24-25 Using the Model Two as a Master Word Clock Generator, 26

Setup for AD and DD Operating Modes, 26

Setup for AD and DD Multichannel Operation, 26-27 Recording From an Analog Source, 27

Setup for 44.1/48 kHz, 88.2/96 kHz

and 176.4/192 kHz A/D Conversion, 27-29

Setup for 44.1/48kHz A/D conversion

With Simultaneous D to D Processing, 29 Digital Post Production Processing, 30

Setup for 44.1 kHz Word Length Conversion

& HDCD 16-bit Encoding, 30

Setup for 88.2/96 kHz to 44.1/48 kHz Decimation

& Word Length Conversion, 30

Setup for 44.1/48 kHz to 88.2/96 kHz

Interpolation & Word Length Conversion, 31

Setup for 176.4/192 kHz to 44.1/48 kHz

Decimation & Word Length Conversion, 32

Setup for 44.1/48 kHz to 176.4/192 kHz

Interpolation & Word Length Conversion, 32 DAC-Monitoring System Performance Optimization, 32-33 Compact Disc Release Mastering, 33

HDCD Silence, 33

Processing HDCD 16-bit Signals, 33 A/D Conversion of Analog Tape Recordings, 34 Creating the 16-Bit HDCD Release Sound You Want, 35 HDCD16-bit Amplitude Encoding & Dither Options, 35

Peak Extension & HDCD Limiting, 35

DSP Gain, 36

Low Level Extension, 36

Operating Techniques, 37

HDCD 16-bit Dithers, 37 Limited Dynamic Range Pop or Rock, 37

Wide Dynamic Range Jazz or classical, 38

Reference

Menu Structure, 39 Menu T ree, 40 Menu Descriptions, 41

Operating Menu, 41 Second Operating Menu, 41 Monitor Source Menu, 42 Levels Menu, 42-44 Setup Menu, 44-45

44.1/48 Base Sample Rate Menu, 45 Operating Mode 1_X Modes Menu, 46 Operating Mode 2_X Modes Menu, 46 Operating Mode 4_X Modes Menu, 47 Digital Output Menu, 47-48 Digital Output 1 Word Length Menu, 48 Output 1 HDCD_16 Dither Menu, 48-49 Digital Output 2 Word Length Menu, 49 Output 2 HDCD_16 Dither Menu, 50 Digital Output Word Length Menu, 50 Digital Output Phase Invert Menu, 51 Digital Output HDCD Setup Menu, 51 Digital Output Format Menu, 52 Analog Input Menu, 52 A/D Reference Clock Menu, 53 A/D Filter Mode Menu, 53 Monitor Input HDCD Code Detect Menu, 54 Monitor Reference Clock Menu, 54 External Ref Clock Frequency Menu, 55 Monitor Digital Input Format Menu, 55 Digital Input Menu, 56 Digital Input HDCD Code Detect Menu, 56 Digital Input HDCD_16 Decoding Menu, 57 2X To 1X Filter Mode Menu, 57 Digital In Reference Clock Menu, 58 Digital Input Format Menu, 58 Recall Presets Menu, 59 System Menu, 59 Front Panel Display Menu, 60 Analog Polarity Menu, 60 DAC-System Optimize Men u, 60 Monitor Setup Menu, 61 Meter Setup Menu, 61 Meter Overload Light #1 M enu, 62 Meter Overload Light #2 M enu, 62 Store Presets Menu, 63 Store Preset Menu, 63 Rename Preset Menu, 64 Test Functions Menu, 64 Software Version Menu, 65

System Software Download, 65

Background, 65 Required Equipment, 65

Download Procedure, 66-67 Self-Test, 67 HDCD Overview, 68

16-bit Encoding, 68

16-bit Decoding, 68

HDCD Indicator, 69

Peak Extension and HDCD Limiting, 69

Low Level Extension, 70

Gain Scaling, 70

Processing HDCD 16-Bit Signals, 70

HDCD Silence, 70 Technical Specifications, 71-72 Appendix, 73-74

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Installation

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Initial Configuration

PLEASE: Read the following installation instructions BEFORE connecting AC power!

Model Two Processor

The Processor should be placed in an area free from noise generating devices such as power supplies and power amplifi ers . A t least six in ch es sh ould be pr ovi ded to the rear o f the unit to allow for heat dissipation and airflow. A vibration isolated fan stabilizes the Processor’s thermal environment. The Processor is designed for rack mounting, with four front panel mounting holes and two rear rack mounting brackets, which must be used unless the Processor is supported by a shelf. The rear brackets are included, but are not installed on the unit when shipped.

A description o f the Processor is on pag e 9 and its I/O conn ection s are shown on pag e 10.

Model Two Power Supply

The Power Supply sh ould not sit dir ectly on top o f or un d ern eath th e Processor. Note that the Power Supply does not have a power switch an d is active only when conn ected to th e Processor unit via the DC power cable and the Processor power is turned on. A description and illustration of the Power Supply is on page 11.

DC Power Cable

CAUTION: Do not connect or disconnect the DC power cable from the Processor or Power Supply while the Power Supply AC power cable is plugged in. Always unplug the AC power cable before connecting or disconnecting the DC power cable.

The receptacle (fem ale) end o f th e DC power cable is conn ected to th e DC P ower Input on the back of the Processor, and the plug (male) end is connected to the DC Output on the Power Supply. The connectors are keyed to en sure correct alignmen t an d have a silver d ot at the “up” or 12 o’clock position.

AC Power Cable

CAUTION: Set the Power Supply AC Line Voltage before connecting the AC power cable! Line Voltage settings are 100V, 120V, 220V, and 240V, 50/60 Hz, + 5% to - 10%.

Total power consumption is 200 Watts. If you are unsure of the actual line voltage, measure it before connecting!

When connectin g to 120 volt AC power, use a grounded three pr ong IEC plug an d cord set. When connectin g to 100, 220, or 240 volt AC power, use a proper grounded plug an d cor d set for that application.

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AC power for th e Model T wo should be supplied by th e same circuit and pr eferably the same power outlet group as the AC power source for other equipment, such as analog tape machines or consoles , wh ose outputs will be conn ected to the M od el T wo’s an alog inputs . This will minimize the possibility of ground loops.

Power Up

Press the Power Switch on the Processor front panel to turn on the Processor and Power Supply. The System Status Indicator will be lit orange, the A/D and D/A Clock Indicators will be lit green, and the HDCD Indicator will be lit purple. The Graphic Display will momentarily display th e following messag es: “HDCD BOOT VERSI ON”, “ST ARTING HDCD...” and “Loading DSP#1..” through “#8”. The System and Clock Indicators will then usually indicate normal oper ation (green) an d the HDCD Indi cator will go dark or r emain lit depen ding on system set up. Power up is complete when an Operating Menu appears on the Graphic Display similar to the one shown below.

At power up all settings will remain as they were prior to power off. From the Operating Menu, all Processor functions are accessible. Function buttons (see page 17) are used to navigate thr ough menus an d select items within th e men us. Selected items becom e active by pressing th e ENTER button, or by toggling between selecti ons. A t any time , the Oper ating Menu can be accessed by pressing and holding the MENU UP button.

Setting Analog Connector Pin Polarity

The Processor allows th e XLR connector pin polarity o f the an alog input and outputs to be set to either pin 2 or 3 hot. Th e factory default settin g is pin 2 hot. T o verify or change the polarity setting, go to th e Analog Polarity Menu. Fr om th e Operatin g Men u select (SETUP/ MORE.../SYSTEM/POLARTY). To chang e, use the functi on button s to select eith er PIN2HOT or PIN3HO T , and press ENTER to activate . For additi onal inform ation, see the An alog Polarity Menu on page 60.

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Setting Analog Input Attenuation

Analog input attenuation is set in 1 dB steps allowing a peak input signal level over the rang e of +24 dBu to +12 dBu to produ ce full scale digital recor d level. The Mod el Two is set at the factory to +18 dBu, whi ch is a typi cal peak signal level (With an operatin g level of +4 dBu, and headroom of 14 dB, the peak level will be +18 dBu.). Analog input level attenuati on is set by placing jumpers on pins located behind a cover panel on th e Processor’s rear panel, dir ectly above the XLR an alog input connectors. T o access th e jumpers, r emove the two thumb screws holding the panel in place. The pins and jumpers are located as follows:

+12 +12+18 +18+23 +23

Jumpers set for +12 dB

The twelve pairs of pin s on the left set Chann el 1 and th e twelve pairs of pin s on the ri ght set Channel 2. Placing the jumpers on the outermost pair of pins on each side provides maximum input sensitivity; a +12 dBu input signal will generate full scale record level. Each position inwar d of the jumpers pr odu ces 1 dB of atten uati on. Placing th e jumpers on the innermost pair of pins on each side produces 11 dB of attenuation, which will then require a +23 dBu input signal for full scale record level.

+12 +12+18 +18+23 +23

Jumpers set for +23 dB

If no jumpers are in stalled, 12 dB of attenu ation is produ ced, requirin g a +24 dBu input for full scale record level. The unused jumpers should be stor ed horizontally across two pins, as shown below, to keep them secure.

+12 +12+18 +18+23 +23

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Analog Connections

Analog Input and Output connections on the Model Two are balanced, using 3-pin XLR connectors with either pin 2 or 3 set as hot (software selectable) and pin 1 as ground. Input impedance is ≥ 13 kΩ balanced (≥ 6.5 kΩ per leg); output impedance is 20 Ω balanced (10 Ω per leg). If the audio source driving the Model Two is single ended, a balanced interconnect cable should be used with the return wire tied to ground at the sending en d. If th e au dio output fr om th e Mod el Two must d rive an unbalanced load , use pin 2 as high, pin 1 as ground, and lift pin 3 at the load or use pin 3 as high, pin 1 as ground, and lift pin 2 at the load. CAUTION: Never connect the unused low pin to

ground, (pin 1) as that will short circuit one side of the Model Two’s actively balanced, DC coupled, output amplifier, and seriously degrade performance.

Analog audi o conn ecti on s an d grounds should be isolated electri cally an d physically from digital signals, power conduits, and other noise sources. Audio cables should have low impedance grounds and one-hundred percent RF shielding. Cables using a foil shield and drain wire construction should not be used. Th ey can produce voltages in the signal path due to ground currents flowing between different pieces of equipment.

Analog Output Networks

HDCD Processor Analog Output Networks (AON’s) are designed to improve the high frequency impedan ce match between the Mod el Two’s D/A analog output imped ance , which is about 10 Ω per leg, and the characteristic impedance of typical analog audio cables, which is about 60 Ω. The improved impedance match better terminates reflected high frequency energy in the cable, which can improve sonic clarity and purity. The AON’s are design ed to be connected between the Model Two’s analog outputs, and the au dio cables used to feed the monitoring system. Two AON’s are provided with each Model Two.

Use of the AON’s is optional. Depending on system variables, including the power bandwidth and type of monitor power amplifiers used, and the length of audio cables, the sound quality of the Model Two’s D/A’s may be preferred with or without the AON’s. It is best to experimen t by listening to a wide vari ety of different types o f source material, both with and without the AON’s installed. Note: The AON’s should be used only with load impedances that are greater than 4 kΩ balanced (2 kΩ per leg). The AON’s are designed only for use with the Model Two. Use with other products is not recommended and may result in unsatisfactory performance.

Digital Connections

The Digital Inputs an d Outputs use 3-pin XLR connectors with pins 2 an d 3 active , and pin 1 connected to chassis ground. Input and output impedances are 110 Ω balanced. The signal format is AES3.

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For best performan ce, AES3 cables should have th e chassis ground path isolated by a series 100 Ω resistor. Use of a low capacitance isolation transformer at the Model Two’s AES signal inputs, or the AES Signal Ground Isolator described below at both inputs and outputs is also recommen ded . Cables sending AES3 or syn chronizati on sign als from th e Mod el Two to other equipment should have transformer isolation placed at the inputs of the receiving equipm ent. If external tr ansformers ar e used they should always be at th e receiving end of the digital signal path and never at the transmitting end.

The W ord Clock Ref Input/Output uses a BNC conn ector with its shield isolated fr om chassis ground . An e xternal 75 Ω termin atin g r esistor m ust be used when Word Clock Ref is in input mode. This allows a high impedance loop-through connection. When configured as an output by selecting Referen ce Clock Master M od e (SETUP/INPUT/REFCLK/MASTER), th e Word Clock Ref conn ector outputs a special AC coupled wor d clock. See pages 26 and 27 for more inf ormati on. BNC wor d clock cables should not use low capacitance isolati on tr ansformers because they are unable to pass TTL level signals.

AES Signal Ground Isolators

Pacifi c Mi cr osoni cs AES Si gn al Gr oun d Isolators are desi gn ed to br eak gr ound loops which can occur between the grounds of digital and analog signal cables when they are connected together by a single device that has both digital and analog signal connections, such as the Mod el T wo HDCD Processor. If not properly isolated, noise curr ents on gr ounds have the potential to seriously degrade A to D and D to A converter performance.

The AES Signal Ground Isolators should be connected to all AES digital signal inputs and outputs at the Model Two whenever they are in use. The AES Isolators are designed to be used in series with standard AES cables that are connected to digital recorders, editing workstations, etc. Four Isolators are provided with each Model Two.

The AES Groun d Isolators consist of a n umber of turns of pr ecision 110 Ω balanced , shielded cable fed through multiple ferrite cor es, each having a differen t selected permeability . The cable is terminated with XLR-3 connectors . This construction pr ovides 160 µ H of indu ctive filtering effective over a very wid e rang e of fr equencies . A 100 Ω resistor is also placed in series with the pin 1 ground connection, providing further isolation.

Note: P acific Mi crosonics r ecomm ends that as g eneral pr acti ce , a 100 Ω resistor should be installed in series with the pin 1 (shield) connection at the female connector end of all AES cables to reduce the potential of digital ground loop noise.

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Model Two Processor Description

The Processor is contained in a 3 R.U. (5.25”) high, 19” wide X 19.25” deep, rack mount enclosure with adjustable r ear rack ears. The Pr ocessor contains th e following subsystems: Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), Digital Signal Input/Output (DIO), Digital Signal Processor (DSP), Digital to Analog Converter (D AC), and Fr ont Pan el Controller (FPC). Th e ADC converts 2 channels of analog signals to digital at a sampling frequency of 192 kHz or

176.4 kHz. The DIO r eceives an d tran smits AES3 d ata, wor d clock, an d RS-232 serial d ata. The DSP performs all HDCD encoding, decoding, frequency and word length conversion, digital signal gain changes, etc., employing eight Motorola 56009 Digital Signal Processors and one P acifi c Microsoni cs PMD-100 HDCD Process Decod er ASIC. Th e DAC converts 2 channels of 24-bit to 16-bit di gital d ata to an alog si gn als . Th e FPC pr ovides the in terf ace between the DSP and the front panel graphic display, signal level meters, and controls.

All Processor contr ols, e x cept the An alog Input A ttenu ator, are located on the front pan el as shown below:

P A C I F I C

M I C R O S O N I C S

POWER

SYSTEM

CLOCK

A/D D/A

UP DOWN

METER RESET

ENTER

1 “POWER” Switch 7 “CLOCK” Indicators 2 “MENU” “UP” and “DOWN” Buttons 8 “HDCD”Indicator 3 Function Buttons 1-5 (left to right) 9 Signal Level M eters 4 “ENTER” Button 10 Peak Extension Meters 5 Rotary Control 11 “METER RESET” Button 6 “SYSTEM” Status Indicator 12 Graphic Display

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Processor rear panel I/O connections and Analog Input Attenuator.

PUSH

AES In

PUSH

Analog Input

RS-232

AES In

+12 +12+18 +18+23+23

PUSH PUSH

PUSH

AES Out

AES In

Ref

Word

Clock

Ref

Analog Output

1 DC Power Input Connects to the DC Output on the Power Supply using

(28-pin male) the supplied DC power cable.

2 Analog Input Left and right inputs accepting +12 to +24 dBu peak

(XLR balanced female) level analog signals. Pin polarity is selectable.

3 Analog Output Left and right outputs producing up to +24 dBu peak

(XLR balanced male) level analog signals. Pin polarity is selectable.

4a AES In 1 Two or one channel AES3 format digital signal

(XLR balanced female) input.

4b AES In 2 Two or one channel AES3 format digital signal

(XLR balanced female) input active only in certain modes.

5 RS-232 Serial data port for external computer loading

(D-Sub 9-Pin male) of system software. 6 AES Out 1 Two or one channel AES3 format digital signal (XLR balanced male) output. 7 AES Out 2 Two or one channel AES3 format digital signal

(XLR balanced male) output. 8 AES In Ref AES3 format digital signal input used for external

(XLR balanced female) A/D clock sync reference. 9 Word Clock Ref I/O Square wave, AC coupled, digital signal input/output

(BNC) Unterminated used for word clock sync reference. Use as an input

requires external 75 Ω termination.

10 Analog Input Access panel for jumper selectable analog input

Attenuator attenuator.

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Model Two Power Supply Description

The Power Supply is contained in a 14” wide X 2.5” high X 12.25” long enclosure and connects to the Pr ocessor using a 6 foot multi conductor DC power cable . T o prevent groun d loops from occurring between the AC power ground and audio signal ground, there is no ground connection between the Power Supply and the Processor. The Power Supply connects to a 100V to 240V, 50/60 Hz AC power source using a standard IEC grounded AC power cord. The rear panel connections on the Power Supply are as shown below:

AC Line Voltage Select

1 DC Output Connector Connects from the Power Supply to the DC Input on the (28-pin female) Processor using the supplied DC power cable.

2 AC Line V oltag e Select Lin e voltag e selecti on: 100V, 120V , 220V, 240V, AC, 50/60 Hz. (USA units are preset to 120V) AC input voltage must be within a + 5% to - 10% range of the selected voltage.

3 AC Power Fuse Requires 3A (100V-120V) or 1.5A (220V-240V) 3AG fast blow fuse.

4 AC Input Connector Connects to AC power outlet using grounded IEC AC (IEC 3-pin male) power cord.

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Model Two HDCD® User’s Manual

Model Two Rev. 3.01 Software Features

1. Precision M aster W ord Clock Output capability in all AD an d DD oper atin g mod es . This feature greatly reduces audible D/A conversion distortion caused by digital input signal time base jitter by allowing both the A/D and D/A converters to be clocked by th e Model Two’s pr ecision in ternal clock. Th e M od el T wo can also gen er ate or lock to either 1X or 2X reference clock frequencies in both AD and DD modes. See pages 26-27 for details.

2. Dual clock family operation at multiples of 44.1 kHz or 48 kHz, allowing A/D conversion, D/A conversion and digital processing at 192 kHz, 176.4 kHz, 96 kHz, 88.2 kHz, 48 kHz, and 44.1 kHz. Digital I/O is selectable between sin gle wire, double speed, or d u al wire , single speed AES at 88.2 kHz and 96 kHz. Input and output settin gs are ind ependent.

3. HDCD for DVD-Audio, including automatic 24-bit, 20-bit, and 16-bit HDCD LSB code insertion at all sampling frequencies to allow HDCD process detection by HDCD equipped DVD-Audio playback equipment.

4. 44.1/48 kHz to 88.2/96 kHz and 176.4/192 kHz high resolution HDCD interpolation filtering to provide very high accuracy for both D/A conversion and high sample rate processing of 44.1/48 kHz signals.

5. HDCD Limiting, which is identical in function to Peak Extension, except that the limiting curve is not undone during HDCD decoded playback.

6. DAC-System Optimize, which allows the operation of the Model Two’s D/A converters to be precisely optimized to the performance characteristics of the monitor electronics and power amplifier being used.

The Model Two has several new Operating Modes and Setup Menus to provide these capabilities. Descriptions of the Operating Modes and Menus are at the following locations:

Setup and Operation Reference

Operating Modes, pgs. 19-23 Menu Tree, pg. 40 Factory Preset Configurations, pgs. 24-25 Second Operating Menu, pg. 41 Using the Model Two as a Master System 44.1/48 Base Sample Rate Menu pg. 45 Word Clock Generator, pgs. 26-27 Operating Mode Menus, pg. 46 Recording From an Analog Source pgs. 27-30 Digital Output Format Menu, pg. 52 Digital Post Production Processing, pgs. 30-32 Analog Input Menus, pgs. 52-56 DAC-System Optimize, pg. 32 Digital Input Menus, pgs. 56-59 HDCD Limiting, pg. 35 DAC-System Optimize Menu, pg. 60 HDCD 16-bit Dithers, pg. 37

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Front Panel Controls and Displays

All Processor contr ols, e x cept the An alog Input A ttenu ator, are located on the front pan el shown below:

P A C I F I C

M I C R O S O N I C S

POWER

SYSTEM

CLOCK

A/D D/A

UP DOWN

METER RESET

ENTER

1 “POWER” Switch 7 “CLOCK” Indicators 2 “MENU” “UP” and “DOWN” Buttons 8 “HDCD”Indicator 3 Function Buttons 1-5 (left to right) 9 Signal Level Meters 4 “ENTER” Button 10 Peak Extension Meters 5 Rotary Control 11 “METER RESET” Button 6 “SYSTEM” Status Indicator 12 Graphic Display

Processor control and display functions are described below. Note: Menu selections, startin g fr om th e Oper atin g M en u, to access a menu or feature ar e

shown in (parentheses).

Signal Level Meters

The Signal Level Meters consist of two, four color LED bar graphs which indicate program level for each channel. The LED ranges by color are shown below:

Green = - ∞ to -11 dB Yellow = -10 to -1 dB Amber = 0 dB Red = OVER

The ran ge of -60 to -40dB is indicated in 5 dB steps, -40 to -20dB in 2 dB steps, and -20 to 0dB in 1 dB steps. OVER indication has two dedicated segments with individually ad-

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justable parameters (see pag es 59 and 60 in th e Refer ence Section to set OVER indicati on parameters). Meter brightness is set in the Front Panel Display Menu (SETUP/MORE.../ SYSTEM/PANEL).

Meter Source

Meter signal sources are selected in the Operating Menu. The source options are: OUT_1 (Digital Output 1), OUT_2 (Digital Output 2), DIG_IN (Digital Input 1), except AD+DD44 and AD+DD48 Operating Modes also have DIG_IN2 (Digital Input 2). 88.2 kHz, 96 kHz,

176.4 kHz and 192 kHz Operating Modes have OUTPUT and DIG_IN only.

Meter Display Mode

Meter display mod e options are selected in the Oper atin g M en u. The options are N ORMAL, FINE, and BITS.

NORMAL Shows the full dynamic range of the metered signal with a bar displaying average signal level and a separate pip, which normally floats above the bar, indicating peak level. A standard peak reading bar mode is also available by selecting PEAKBAR in the Meter Display Menu (SETUP/MORE.../METER).

Off = No Signal Present Green = - ∞ to -11 dB Signal Yellow = -10 dB to -1 dB Signal Amber = 0 dB Signal Red = Over Signal

FINE Displays average signal level at .2 dB per segment resolution, with the selected meter operating r eference level in dicated by the gr een to yellow LED transiti on point. Two adjacent LED segments are lit in fine mode, therefore exact reference level is indicated when both one green and one yellow segment are lit. Two lit green segments mean the level is low, and two lit yellow segments mean the level is high. The meter operating reference level is set in the Meter Setup Menu (SETUP/MORE.../METER).

BITS Displays bit activity of the digital audio word, indicating active word length. The MSB and bits 16, 20, and 24 are labeled on the bargraph.

Peak Level Hold

Peak level hold modes are selectable in the Meter Setup Menu (SETUP/MORE.../METER). Peak level hold may be set to NONE, SHORT (1.5 seconds), LONG (4 seconds), or HOLD (until reset). The Meter Reset button clears held peak indications.

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Signal Over Segments

Each channel has two red Signal Over Segments labeled OVER. The threshold and hold characteristics of each segment are independently selectable using the Meter Overload Light Menus (SETUP/MORE.../METER/OVRLD_1 or 2). The threshold for over segment #1 can be set for 1 to 4 consecutive over samples . The thr eshold f or over segm ent #2 can be set for 0 to 3 consecutive over samples beyond the segment #1 setting. When hold is turned off, th e over segmen t has the sam e hold par am eters as the r est of th e meter. When hold is turned on, the over segment is held until reset.

Peak Extension/HDCD Limiting Meters

The P eak Extensi on/HDCD Limitin g M eters ar e two rows o f six r ed LEDs whi ch indi cate th e 6 dB of extended range available when in HDCD Peak Extension or HDCD Limiting Mode. The meters are only active when monitoring HDCD 16-bit signals using Peak Extension or HDCD Limiting durin g recor din g, and si gnals with Peak Extensi on d uring playback. Th e six LED’s illuminate from ri ght to left, with each LED indi cating 1dB of limitin g. The full r ange of the P eak Extensi on/HDCD Limiting Meters will illuminate after th e amber 0 dB LED’s and before the red Over LED’s on the Signal Level Meters.

For more inf ormation on P eak Extension an d HDCD Limiting, see “Creatin g the 16-bit HDCD Release Sound Y ou W ant” on page 35 in this secti on and pag e 69 in the Referen ce section.

Meter Reset Button

The Meter Reset Button is used to reset a held meter indication such as peak level or overload.

Meter Setup

Meter setup functi ons, ch oices, and selecti on men u locations ar e as follows. For ad ditional information see pages 41, 61 and 62 in the Reference section.

Meter Function Choices Menu Location

Mode Normal, Fine, Bits Operating Source Out 1, Out 2, Dig in 1, Dig in 2* Operating Display Average/Peak or Peak Meter Setup Peak Level Hold None, Short, Long, Hold Meter Setup Overload Light Threshold Level, Hold On/Off Meter Overload Light

*Only in AD+DD44 and AD+DD48 Operating Modes

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Monitoring

In all Operating M odes , digital sign al monitorin g is available at the analog outputs . Monitor function setup choices are shown below. For more information see the Menu Descriptions in the Reference section, page 40.

Monitor Function Choices Menu Locations

Source Folwmtr*, Out 1, Out 2, Dig In Monitor Source Level Stereo, Ch 1, Ch 2, -78 to +24 dBu** Levels Phase Normal, Invert Monitor Setup MONHD16 (HDCD 16-bit Auto, On, Off Mon.Set./Lvls/S.Op. Amplitude Decoding) Gain Scaling On, Off Mon. Setup/S.Op. Input HDCD Code Detect 24-BIT, 20-BIT, 16-BIT Mon. Input HDCD

Code Detect *Follow Meter **-11.9 to +24 dBu at 88.2, 96, 176.4 and 192 kHz Note: It is r ecommend ed that the M onitor Output Level be set close to +18 dBu to pr ovide the best combination of digital resolution and analog output stage performance.

Power Switch

CAUTION: Follo w instructions in the Installation section bef or e switching po w er on.

The Power Switch toggles between power on and power off. When the Model Two is off, pressing th e P ower Switch will turn th e Processor an d P ower Supply units on. A t power up all system settings remain as they were before power off. When the Model Two is on, pressing the Power Switch will call up the Power Off Menu:

POWER OFF MENU

PWR_OFF CANCEL

Pressing the button labeled (PWR_OFF) will display the following prompt, “Power down HDCD unit? Press ENTER to confirm, or any other key to cancel”. Press ENTER to turn off power, or press the button labeled (CANCEL), or any other button, to cancel.

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Graphic Display

The back lit Graphic Display has 7 lines of text with 40 characters per line. The display shows the current system operational, setup, and selection menus. Menu display formats are described in d etail in th e Refer en ce section, page 39. Display contr ast an d bri ghtness are adjustable using th e Front P anel Display Menu. Fr om the Operating M enu select (SETUP/ MORE.../SYSTEM/P ANEL).

Menu Up and Down Buttons

These buttons are used to navigate up and down through the menu selections on the Graphic Display. Press “UP” once to move up to the pr evi ously displayed m en u or “DOWN” to move down to the next menu in the current selection path. Pressing and holding “UP” will step up through each previ ously displayed men u until th e top level Oper ating Men u is reached .

Function Buttons

The five Functi on Buttons are used to select men u options shown on th e Graphic Display. Each function button selects th e menu item located directly above it on th e display . Active menu items are displayed in

reverse while selected items are outlined In some cases, a function button will operate as a toggle, selecting between multiple

choices displayed above it on the Graphic Display.

Enter Button

The Enter Button is used to activate selected (outlin ed) items on the Graphi c Display . Once active, the item is displayed in reverse.

Rotary Control

The Rotary Control is used to make changes to the values of selected (outlined) items on the Graphi c Display . Changes to values becom e active immediately an d may be canceled by pressing UNDO or saved by pressing ENTER. If the Levels Menu is exited with the Rotary Control active , it will remain active . T urning the Rotary Contr ol one step in either dir ection will recall the Levels Menu with the Control still functioning.

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System Status Indicator

The System Status Indicator is a multi-color LED which shows system status. States displayed by the Indicator are shown below:

Off = System Off Green = System Status Normal Orange = Non Standard Operation Red = Non Fatal Error

Flashing Red = Fatal Error The most common causes of system errors involve system synchronization which will also extinguish on e or more of th e clock indicators. For e xample, a f atal error will result fr om no digital input source in digital input mode. Nonfatal errors may appear momentarily when switching from analog input to digital input mode or when changing meter or monitor sources. Nonstandard operation refers to certain setup configurations which are considered to be nonstandard operating conditions. For example, setup configurations such as

44.1 kHz A/D conversion and 88.2 kHz to 44.1 kHz sampling frequency conversion using fixed decimation filtering, and Software Download are considered nonstandard.

System Status Indicator, Clock Indicator, and HDCD Indicator brightness are adjusted by selecting STATUS in the Front Panel Display Menu (SETUP/MORE.../SYSTEM/PANEL).

Clock Indicators

The Clock Indi cators are two gr een LED’s which in dicate A/D an d D/A clock status. In dications are as follows:

Green = Locked

Off = Not Locked

HDCD Indicator

The HDCD Indicator con sists o f an LED back lit HDCD log o which li gh ts when a 24-bit, 20bit or 16-bit HDCD digital signal is detected. HDCD Indicator states are as follows:

Off = HDCD Code Not Detected

Blue = HDCD Code Detected.

Amber = HDCD 16-bit Code Detected with Monitor Amplitude Decoding Off. Blue indicates HDCD cod e is d etected. Amber indicates HDCD 16-bit code is detected and amplitude decoding at the monitor (D/A) output is turned off, or in a 44.1 kHz Digital Input Mode , ther e is an HDCD 16-bit input si gnal, an d input amplitud e decodin g is turned off. HDCD 16-bit monitor amplitude decoding (MONHD16) can be turned on or off in the Levels Menu (LEVELS), the Second Operating Menu (OPS 2), or the Monitor Setup Menu (SETUP/MORE.../MONIT OR). HDCD 16-bit input amplitude d ecoding can be turned on or off in the Digital Input HDCD_16 Decoding Menu (SETUP/INPUT/HDCD_IN).

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Operating Modes

The Mod el Two has thirteen Operatin g Modes that operate at eith er m ultiples of 44.1 kHz or multiples of 48 kHz, depending upon whether a base sample rate of 44.1_X or 48_X is selected in the 44.1/48 Base Sample Rate Menu.

NOTE: The Operating Modes listed belo w and described on the following pages appear in the Operating Mode Menus if the 44.1_X base sample rate is selected. If 48_X is selected, the Operating Modes remain the same , ex cept multiples of 48 r eplace 44.1.

1. AD_44.1 (44.1 kHz, 24, 20, and 16-bit A/D conversion, 16-bit amplitu d e en coding )

2. DD_44-44 (44.1 kHz, 24, 20, and 16-bit word length conversion, level adjustment, HDCD 16-bit amplitude encoding and decoding)

3. AD+DD44 (AD_44.1 A/D conversion cascaded with DD44-44 digital processing)

4. AD_88.2 (88.2 kHz, 24, 20, and 16-bit A/D conversion)

5. DD88-44 (88.2 kHz to 44.1 kHz sampling frequency conversion, 24, 20, and 16-bit word length conversion, level adjust, and HDCD 16-bit amplitude encoding)

6. DD44-88 (44.1 kHz to 88.2 kHz sampling frequency conversion, 24, 20, and 16-bit word length conversion, level adjustment, and HDCD 16-bit amplitude decoding)

7. DD88-88 (88.2 kHz, 24, 20, and 16-bit word length conversion, level adjustment, and HDCD LSB code insertion)

8. AD176.4 (176.4 kHz, 24, 20, and 16-bit A/D conversion)

9. DD176.4 (176.4 kHz, 24, 20, and 16-bit word length conversion, level adjustment, and HDCD LSB code insertion)

10. DD176-88 (176.4 kHz to 88.2 kHz sampling frequen cy conversion, 24, 20, and 16-bit word length conversion, level adjust, and HDCD LSB code insertion)

11. DD176-44 (176.4 kHz to 44.1 kHz sampling frequen cy conversion, 24, 20, and 16-bit word length conversion, level adjust, and HDCD 16-bit amplitude encoding)

12. DD88-176 (88.2 kHz to 176.4 kHz sampling frequen cy conversion, 24, 20, and 16-bit word length conversion, level adjustment, and HDCD LSB code insertion)

13. DD44-176 (44.1 kHz to 176.4 kHz sampling frequen cy conversion, 24, 20, and 16-bit word length conversion, level adjustment, and HDCD 16-bit amplitude decoding)

44.1 kHz or 48 kHz base sample rates are selected in th e 44.1/48 Base Sample Rate M enu (SETUP/MODE/44.1_X or 48_X).

Operating M odes are selected in the Oper ating Mode M enus (SETUP/MODE/MORE...). Each Operating M ode has specific features that ar e described below and shown in th e Menu T ree on page 40. All meterin g functi ons an d analog si gnal m onitoring ar e available in all Operating Modes. Factory Presets that use an Operating Mode are listed at the end of the mode’s description. Presets are selected in the Recall Presets Menu (SETUP/PRESETS).

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NOTE: HDCD LSB code must be reinserted when pr oducing HDCD Compact Disc or DVDAudio release master s if HDCD signal data has been altered in an y w ay during digital post production processing. See Digital Post Production Processing on page 30.

AD_44.1 Mode

In AD_44.1 Mode , th e M odel Two perform s 44.1 kHz A/D conversi on with selectable HDCD 24-bit, 20-bit, or 16-bit output. Different word lengths may be independently fed to digital outputs 1 and 2 (SETUP/OUTPUT/OUT_1 or OUT_2). Between +3.15 dB an d 0 dB of digital A/D gain adjustmen t in .05 dB steps is available usin g AD gain in th e Levels Men u (LEVELS/AD_GAIN). Factory Presets: AD1X-24, AD1X-16, AD1X2416.

DD44-44 Mode

In DD44-44 Mode , the M odel T wo perform s 44.1 kHz digital pr ocessing. 24-bit, 20-bit, 16bit, or 16-bit HDCD input signals can be converted to 24-bit, 20-bit, or 16-bit HDCD wor d lengths , along with HDCD 16-bit amplitude en coding and decodin g. Different word length s may be independently fed to digital outputs 1 and 2 (SETUP/OUTPUT/OUT_1 or OUT_2). Between +6 and -25.9 dB (+12 to -19.9 dB if Peak Extend is used) of signal level adjustment is available using DSP gain in the Levels Menu (LEVELS/DSPGAIN). Factory Presets: DD1X-20, DD1X-16.

AD+DD44 Mode

In AD+DD44 Mode, the Model Two combines AD_44.1 and DD44-44 Modes, allowing their functions to be cascaded, saving considerable production time. For example, an analog input signal can be converted to a 24-bit HDCD si gnal on di gital output 2, fed to a 24-bit processor or work station, r eturned to di gital input 2, (whi ch has an input wor d length o f 24-bits and only functions at 44.1 kHz in AD+DD44 Mode) converted to a 16-bit HDCD signal on digital output 1, and fed to a 16-bit recorder, all in real time. Digital output 1 level can be adjusted relative to the level o f digital output 2 over a r ang e of +6 dB to -9.9 dB (+12 to -3.9 dB if Peak Extend is used) by using output 1 offset in the Levels Menu (LEVELS/OUT1OFS). Factory Preset: AD+DD1X.

AD_88.2 Mode

In AD_88.2 Mode , th e M odel Two perform s 88.2 kHz A/D conversi on with selectable HDCD 24-bit, 20-bit, or 16-bit output. Selectable, two-wire, standard speed, or single wire, double speed AES signal formats are used for the 88.2 kHz stereo signal, and may be independently set on inputs and outputs (SETUP/INPUT or OUTPUT/FORMAT/1_WIRE or 2_WIRE). When two wire is selected, digital input and output 1 is channel 1, and digital input and output 2 is channel 2. Wh en single wir e is selected , digital input 1 an d outputs 1 and 2 carry stereo si gnals . Di gital A/D gain between 0 and +3.15 dB, in .05 dB steps , in the Levels Men u provid es fine A/D level trim (LEVELS/AD_G AIN). Factory Preset: AD2X-24.

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DD88-44 Mode

In DD88-44 Mode, the Model Two performs 88.2 kHz to 44.1 kHz sampling frequency conversion using HDCD adaptive decimation filtering. Fixed decimation filtering can also be used for special cases, such as some synthesized sources. The 44.1 kHz output word length is selectable between HDCD 24, 20, or 16-bit. Selectable , two-wire, stan dard speed , or single wire, double speed AES signal formats are used for the 88.2 kHz stereo input signal (SETUP/INPUT/FORMAT/1_WIRE or 2_WIRE). When two wire is selected, digital input 1 is channel 1, and digital input 2 is channel 2. When single wire is selected, digital input 1 is stereo. In DD88-44 Mod e, only on e word length can be selected f or the 44.1 kHz output, which appears at both digital output 1 an d digital output 2. Between +6 and -25.9 dB (+12 to -19.9 dB if Peak Extend is used) of signal level adjustment is available using DSP gain in the Levels Menu (LEVELS/DSPGAIN). Factory Presets: DD2X-24, DD2X-16.

DD44-88 Mode

In DD44-88 Mode, the Model Two performs 44.1 kHz to 88.2 kHz sampling frequency conversion using advanced high resolution HDCD interpolation filtering. The 44.1 kHz input accepts 24-bit, 20-bit, 16-bit, or 16-bit HDCD signals, with HDCD 16-bit amplitude decoding and gain scaling available. The 88.2 kHz output word length is selectable between HDCD 24, 20, or 16-bit. Monitoring th e 88.2 kHz output in DD44-88 M od e pr ovi des enhanced D/A conversion accuracy for 44.1 kHz signals, and is excellent for converting

44.1 kHz sources such as DAT’s for analog processing during mastering. Selectable, twowire , standar d speed, or single wir e , double speed AES sign al formats ar e used for th e 88.2 kHz stereo output signal (SETUP/OUTPUT/FORMAT/1_WIRE or 2_WIRE). When two wire is selected, digital output 1 is chann el 1, and digital output 2 is chann el 2. When single wir e is selected, digital outputs 1 and 2 are stereo. Between +6 and -25.9 dB of signal level adjustment is available using DSP gain in the Levels Menu (LEVELS/DSPGAIN). Factory Preset: DD1X-2X.

DD88-88 Mode

In DD88-88 Mode, the Mod el Two perform s 88.2 kHz, 24-bit, 20-bit or 16-bit word length conversion, level adjustmen t usin g DSP gain, an d r einserti on o f HDCD LSB cod e.

tion of HDCD LSB code is necessary when producing HDCD D VD-Audio r elease masters if 88.2 kHz HDCD signals have their data altered during digital post production processing. Selectable, two-wire, standard speed, or single wire, double speed AES signal

formats are used for the 88.2 kHz stereo signal, and may be independently set on inputs and outputs (SETUP/INPUT or OUTPUT/FORMAT/1_WIRE or 2_WIRE). When two wire is selected, digital input and output 1 are channel 1, and digital input and output 2 are channel 2. When single wire is selected, digital input 1 and outputs 1 and 2 are stereo signals . Between +6 and -25.9 dB of si gnal level adjustm ent is available usin g DSP gain in the Levels Menu (LEVELS/DSPGAIN). Factory Preset: DD2X-2X.

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AD176.4 Mode

In AD176.4 Mode , the Mod el Two perf orms 176.4 kHz A/D conversion with selectable HDCD 24-bit, 20-bit, or 16-bit output. A two-wire , double speed AES signal f ormat is used for the

176.4 kHz stereo sign al. Digital output 1 is channel 1, an d digital output 2 is chann el 2. 0 to +3.15 dB of digital A/D gain adjustment in .05 dB steps is available using AD gain in the Levels Menu (LEVELS/AD_GAIN). Factory Preset: AD4X-24.

DD176.4 Mode

In DD176.4 Mode, the Model One performs 176.4 kHz, 24-bit, 20-bit and 16-bit word length conversion, level adjustment using DSP gain, and reinsertion of HDCD LSB code.

Reinsertion of HDCD LSB code is necessary when producing HDCD D VD-Audio release masters if 176.4 kHz HDCD signals have their data alter ed during digital post production processing. A two-wire, double speed AES signal format is used for the 176.4 kHz

stereo sign al. Digital input an d output 1 are chann el 1, and di gital input and output 2 are channel 2. Between +6 and -25.9 dB o f signal level adjustm ent is available usin g DSP gain in the Levels Menu (LEVELS/DSPGAIN). Factory Preset: DD4X-4X.

DD176-88 Mode

In DD176-88 Mode, the Model Two performs 176.4 kHz to 88.2 kHz sampling frequency conversion using HDCD d ecimation filtering. Th e 88.2 kHz output word length is selectable between HDCD 24-bit, 20-bit, or 16-bit. A two-wire, double speed AES signal format is used for the 176.4 kHz ster eo input signal. Digital input 1 is chann el 1, an d digital input 2 is channel 2. Selectable, two-wire, standard speed, or single wire, double speed AES signal formats are used for the 88.2 kHz stereo output signal (SETUP/OUTPUT/FORMAT/ 1_WIRE or 2_WIRE). When two wire is selected , digital output 1 is channel 1, and digital output 2 is channel 2. When single wire is selected, digital outputs 1 and 2 are stereo. Between +6 and -25.9 dB of signal level adjustment is available using DSP gain in the Levels Menu (LEVELS/DSPGAIN). Factory Preset: DD4X-2X.

DD176-44 Mode

In DD176-44 Mode, the Model Two performs 176 kHz to 44.1 kHz sampling frequency conversion using HDCD adaptive decimation filtering. Fixed decimation filtering can also be used for special cases , such as synth esized sources . The 44.1 kHz output wor d length is selectable HDCD 24, 20, or 16-bit. A two-wire , d ouble speed AES si gn al f ormat is used f or the 176.4 kHz stereo input signal. Digital input 1 is channel 1, and digital input 2 is channel 2. In DD176-44 Mode, only one word length can be selected for the 44.1 kHz output, which appears at both digital output 1 an d digital output 2. Between +6 and -25.9 dB (+12 to -19.9 dB if Peak Extend is used) of signal level adjustment is available using DSP gain in the Levels Menu (LEVELS/DSPGAIN). Factory Presets: DD4X-24, DD4X-16.

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DD88-176 Mode

In DD88-176 Mode, the Model Two performs 88.2 kHz to 176.4 kHz sampling frequency conversion using hi gh resoluti on HDCD in terpolati on filterin g. Selectable , two-wir e, standard speed, or single wire, double speed AES signal formats are used for the 88.2 kHz stereo input signal (SETUP/INPUT/FORMAT/1_WIRE or 2_WIRE). When two wire is selected, digital input 1 is channel 1, and digital input 2 is channel 2. The 176.4 kHz output word length is selectable between HDCD 24, 20, or 16-bit. A two-wire, double speed AES si gnal format is used for the 176.4 kHz stereo output signal. Digital output 1 is channel 1, and digital output 2 is channel 2. Between +6 and -25.9 dB of signal level adjustment is available using DSP gain in the Levels M en u (LEVELS/DSPGAIN). Factory Preset: DD2X-4X.

DD44-176 Mode

In DD44-176 Mode, the Model Two performs 44.1 kHz to 176.4 kHz sampling frequency conversion using high r esoluti on HDCD interpolati on filtering. The 44.1 kHz input accepts 24-bit, 20-bit, 16-bit, or 16-bit HDCD signals, with HDCD 16-bit amplitude decoding and gain scaling available . Th e 176.4 kHz output wor d len gth is selectable between HDCD 24, 20, or 16-bit. Monitoring the 176.4 kHz output in DD44-176 Mode provides greatly enhanced D/A conversion accur acy for 44.1 kHz si gn als, an d is ex cellen t for convertin g 44.1 kHz sources such as DAT’s for analog processing during mastering. The 176.4 kHz output word length is selectable between HDCD 24, 20, or 16-bit. A two-wire, double speed AES signal f ormat is used for th e 176.4 kHz stereo output si gnal. Digital output 1 is chann el 1, and digital output 2 is channel 2. Between +6 and -25.9 dB of signal level adjustment is available using DSP gain in the Levels M en u (LEVELS/DSPGAIN). Factory Preset: DD1X-4X.

CAUTION: If a standard STEREO 44.1 kHz AES signal is connected to either of the digital inputs when the Model Two is set up f or AES two wire input in AD_88.2, DD8844, DD88-88 or DD88-176 Modes, supersonic spurious ener gy will appear at the D/A converter analog ouputs which may damage loudspeakers.

CAUTION: Whenever a 24-bit output word length is selected, it is essential to verify that the equipment the signal is fed to will pass or process a 24-bit signal without truncation. When in doubt, it is better to select a 20-bit output word length. An intact 20-bit signal will sound better than a truncated 24-bit signal.

Output word length is set in th e Digital Output 1 and 2 Menus (SETUP/OUTPUT/OUT_1 or OUT_2).

NOTE: When multiple Model Tw os ar e used f or multichannel A/D conversion, the A/D reference clocks must be locked together. See Page 53 for set up information.

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Presets

The Mod el Two stores an d recalls virtually all system setup parameters in labeled presets. The preset use functions are shown below. For more information on using and storing presets see pages 59, 63 and 64. Eighteen factory configured presets are installed.

Preset Function Menu Location

Recall Recall Presets(SETUP/PRESETS) Store/Rename/Erase Store Presets(SETUP/MORE.../STORE_P)

The factory installed pr esets are: AD1X-24, AD1X-16, AD1X2416, AD+DD1X, DD1X-20, DD1X16, DD1X-2X, DD1X-4X, AD2X-24, DD2X-2X, DD2X-24, DD2X-16, DD2X-4X, AD4X-24, DD4X4X, DD4X-2X, DD4X-24, DD4X-16. The setup values stored in th e factory presets are listed below.

NOTE: The preset setup v alues shown below appear if the 44.1_X base sample rate is selected. If the 48 X base sample rate is selected, the setup values r emain the same , except multiples of 48 appear in place of multiples of 44.1.

Factory Preset Configurations

NOTE: The following setup values are the same for all factory presets:

Menu/FUNCTION: VALUE: Operating/MTRMODE NORMAL

Operating/MTRSRCE OUT_1 (44.1 kHz output)

OUTPUT (88.2/176.4 kHz output) Second Operating/PEAKEXT OFF Second Operating/LOWLVL OFF Monitor Source FOLWMTR Levels/AD_GAIN or DSPGAIN 0.0 Levels/MONLVL +18.0 Digital Output Phase Invert NORMAL Digital Output HDCD Setup/PEAKEXT OFF Digital Output HDCD Setup/LOWLVL OFF Monitor Setup/PHASE NORMAL Monitor Setup/HDCD AUTO Monitor Setup/SCALING OFF Meter Setup/PEAKHLD NONE Meter Over #1/THRSHLD 1 Meter Over #1/HOLD OFF Meter Over #2/THRSHLD 3 Meter Over #2/HOLD ON

Meter Setup/FINEREF -14

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Factory Preset Configurations

(Suffixed values are shown only if they are different from those of the first preset listed in a column.)

_________________ PRESETS:_______________________

AD1X-24 AD+DD1X AD2X-24 DD2X-24

AD1X-16* DD1X-20* DD1X-2X* DD2X-16*

AD1X2416+ DD1X-16+ DD1X-4X** DD4X-24+

DD2X-2X+ DD4X-16^ DD2X-4X++ AD4X-24^ DD4X-4X^^

DD4X-2X~ Menu/FUNCTION: ___________________ VALUES:_______________________ Operating Mode AD_44.1 AD+DD44 AD_88.2 DD88-44

DD44-44*+ DD44-88* DD176-44+^

DD44-176**

DD88-88+

DD88-176++

AD176.4^

DD176.4^^

DD176-88~ Digital Output 1 Word Length HDCD_24 HDCD_16 HDCD_24 HDCD_24

HDCD_16*+ HDCD_20* HDCD_16*+ Output 1 HDCD_16 Dither DITHER1*+ DITHER1 ______ DITHER1*+ Digital Output 2 Word Length HDCD_24 HDCD_24 ______ HDCD_24

HDCD_16* HDCD_20* HDCD_16+^

HDCD_16+ Output 2 HDCD_16 Dither DITHER1* DITHER1 ______ DITHER1+^ Digital Output Format ______ ______ 2_WIRE ______ A/D Reference Clock INTERN INTERN INTERN ______ A/D Filter Mode NORMAL NORMAL ______ ______ Monitor Input HDCD Code Detect 24-BIT 20-BIT* 24-BIT ______

16-BIT*+ 16-BIT+ 16-BIT*(**) Monitor Reference Clock DIG_IN DIG_IN DIG_IN ______ External Reference Clock Frequency 1X_REF 1X_REF 1X_REF 1X_REF Monitor Digital Input Format ______ ______ 2_WIRE ______ Digital Input HDCD Code Detect ______ 24-BIT 24-BIT 24-BIT Dig. In. HDCD_16 Decoding/DCODE16 ______ OFF ON*(**) ______ Dig. In. HDCD_16 Decoding/SCALING ______ OFF OFF ______ 2X To 1X Filter Mode ______ ______ ______ NORMAL Digital In Reference Clock ______ DIG_IN*+ DIG_IN DIG_IN Digital Input Format ______ ______ 2_WIRE 2_WIRE

NOTE: All set-up values are stored in Presets except for System Menu PANEL, POLARITY and DAC_OPT values, and Meter Setup Menu DISPLAY values.

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Using the Model Two as a Master Word Clock Generator

In all AD and DD operatin g modes at all sampling r ates , the Model Two can be configured to be a master word clock generator. This mode of operation is highly recommended because it allows the Mod el Two’s A/D and D/A converters to be clock ed directly by the M odel Two’s pr ecision intern al clock, instead of by the di gital input signal, wh en the devi ces that are connected to the Model Two’s digital signal inputs and outputs, such as recorders, transports, DAW’s, etc. are locked to the Model Two’s word clock output. This greatly redu ces D/A conversion distortion caused by digital input sign al time base jitter . Of course, a D/A converter can only be locked to a clock seperate from the digital signal being monitored if the clock is synchronous with the signal!

Setup for AD and DD Operating Modes

For AD Operating Modes:

1. From the Operating Men u, select the desired Base Sample Rate (SETUP/M ODE/44.1_X

or 48_X) and Preset Configuration (SETUP/PRESETS).

2. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/INPUT/REFCLK/MASTER).

3. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/INPUT/MON_REF/A/D_REF).

4. Connect a 75 Ω coaxial cable fr om the Model T wo’s Wor d Clock Ref BNC connector to

the 75 Ω extern al wor d clock or word sync input BNC connector on the compon en t connected to the M odel Two’s digital signal inputs and outputs , or to a 75 Ω wor d clock distribution amplifier.

For DD Operating Modes:

1. From the Operating Men u, select the desired Base Sample Rate (SETUP/M ODE/44.1_X

or 48_X) and Preset Configuration (SETUP/PRESETS).

2. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/INPUT/REF_CLK/MASTER).

3. Connect a 75 Ω coaxial cable fr om the Model T wo’s Wor d Clock Ref BNC connector to

the 75 Ω extern al word clock or wor d sync input BNC conn ector on the compon ent connected to the M odel Two’s digital signal inputs and outputs , or to a 75 Ω wor d clock distribution amplifier.

Setup for AD and DD Multichannel Operation:

One Model Two is configured as described above to be the master word clock generator. Additional Model Twos are configured to be “slaves” as described on page 27. Their Word Clock Ref BNC connectors automati cally switch to becom e high imped an ce inputs an d th e 75 Ω word clock output of the master Model Two is looped through them using the supplied 75 Ω coaxial BNC cables an d BNC “T” connectors and is th en terminated by th e 75 Ω word clock or word sync input of the device connected to the Model Twos’ digital signal inputs and outputs or by a 75 Ω word clock distribution amplifier.

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For AD Operating Modes Multichannel “Slave”:

1. From the Operating Men u, select the desired Base Sample Rate (SETUP/M ODE/44.1_X

or 48_X) and Preset Configuration (SETUP/PRESETS).

2. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/INPUT/REFCLK/REFWCLK).

3. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/INPUT/MON_REF/A/D_REF).

For DD Operating Modes Multichannel “Slave”:

1. From the Operating Men u, select the desired Base Sample Rate (SETUP/M ODE/44.1_X

or 48_X) and Preset Configuration (SETUP/PRESETS).

2. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/INPUT/REF_CLK/REFWCLK). In 2X and 4X sampling r ate AD and DD oper ating mod es, the r eferen ce clock frequen cy can

be set to 1X or 2X. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/INPUT/REF_FRQ/1X_REF or 2X_REF). NOTE: If a 2X r eference clock is used when a 1X input or output data r ate is

selected, there can be an output phase ambiguity betw een multiple Model Twos locked to the same clock. All factory presets have a default 1X clock frequency.

NOTE: The Model Two’s word clock output is a floating signal with positive and negative

voltage potenti als . This is done to avoid gr oun d loops between multiple Model Twos used for multichannel A/D conversion. The floating signal is compatible with most CMOS “TTL compatible” 75 Ω word clock inputs foun d on modern equipm ent. A “true” TTL clock input will draw more current, which may reduce the signal amplitude to below safe TTL trigger levels. An AC coupled CMOS input word clock distribution amplifier with a ground referenced TTL compatible output can be used to buffer the signal if necessary.

Recording From an Analog Source

When performin g 24-bit or 20-bit A/D conversion, setting peak sign al levels within 2 dB of full scale is sufficien t. Since the M odel T wo’s 24-bit or 20-bit resoluti on is so much gr eater than 16-bit, it is not necessary to risk signal “overs” by pushing the level to full scale. Peak signal levels can be transparently increased later using DSP Gain.

A warm up time of at least 30 min utes is recommended pri or to A/D conversi on or critical D/A monitoring. The Model Two should be set to an A/D mode during warm up, which exercises the A/D converters with dither. A/D conversion can be clocked by either the Model Two’s internal clock or an external reference.

Setup for 44.1/48 kHz, 88.2/96 kHz or 176.4/192 kHz A to D Conversion

In all A/D Modes, the Model Two converts analog signals into HDCD 24-bit, 20-bit, or 16bit signals . Either 44.1 kHz or 48 kHz clock f amilies ar e selected in the 44.1/48 Base Rate Sample Rate Menu (SETUP/MODE/44.1_X or 48_X).

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For 44.1 kHz or 48 kHz A/D conversion:

1. Connect an analog signal source to the channel 1 and 2 analog inputs.

2. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/MODE/44.1_X or 48_X)

3. Connect AES Out 1 or 2 to the AES input of a 44.1/48 kHz digital audio recorder.

4. Connect the AES output of the digital audio recorder to AES In 1.

5. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/PRESETS) and select preset AD1X-24 or

AD1X-16 depending on the desired output word length.

6. Or, from the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/MODE/MORE.../AD_44.1).

7. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/OUTPUT/OUT_1), then select the digital

output word length. HDCD_24 is selected by preset AD1X-24.

8. From the Operating M enu, select (SETUP/INPUT/HDCDBIT), then select th e monitor

input HDCD code detect word length to match the digital output word length.

For 88.2 kHz or 96 kHz A/D conversion:

1. Connect an analog signal source to the channel 1 and 2 analog inputs.

2. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/MODE/44.1_X or 48_X)

3. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/PRESETS) and select preset AD2X-24.

4. Or, from th e Operating Men u, select (SETUP/MODE/MORE.../MORE.../AD_88.2 or 96).

5. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/OUTPUT/OUTPUT), then select the

digital output word length. HDCD_24 is selected by preset AD2X-24.

6. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/OUTPUT/FORMAT), then select the digital

output format. 1_WIRE selects single wire, double speed AES. 2_WIRE selects two wire, single speed AES.

7. If single wire was selected, connect AES Out 1 or AES Out 2 to the double speed

AES input of a digital recorder or Digital Audio Workstation. Connect the double speed AES output of the digital recorder or DAW to AES In 1.

8. If two wire was selected, connect AES Out 1 to a 4 channel, 24-bit or 20-bit, 44.1/

48 kHz digital audio recorder’s channel 1 and 2 AES input, and AES Out 2 to the recorder’s channel 3 and 4 AES input. Or connect AES Out 1 and 2 to the AES two wire inputs of an 88.2/96 kHz di gital record er or DA W. Connect the channel 1 and 2 AES output of the 44.1/48 kHz digital audio recorder to AES In 1, and channels 3 and 4 to AES In 2. Or connect th e two wir e outputs o f th e 88.2/96 kHz recorder or DAW to AES In 1 and 2.

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For 176.4 kHz or 192 kHz A/D conversion:

1. Connect an analog signal source to the channel 1 and 2 analog inputs.

2. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/MODE/44.1_X or 48_X)

3. Connect AES Out 1 and 2 to double speed AES inputs 1 and 2 of a 176.4/192 kHz digital audio recorder or DAW.

4. Connect the double speed AES 1 and 2 output o f the di gital au dio r ecord er or D A W to AES In 1 and 2.

5. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/PRESETS) and select preset AD4X-24.

6. Or, from the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/MODE/MORE.../MORE.../MORE.../ AD_176.4 or 192).

6. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/OUTPUT/OUT_1), then select the digital output word length. HDCD_24 is selected by preset AD1X-24.

7. From the Operating Men u, select (SETUP/INPUT/HDCDBIT), then select th e monitor input HDCD code detect word length to match the digital output word length.

Once the M odel Two is set up f or A/D conversion, other par ameters such as Refer ence Clock (SETUP/INPUT/REFCLK), Digital Output Word Length (SETUP/OUTPUT/OUT_1 or OUT_2), Peak Extend, etc. can be changed as desired. For more information refer to pages 47 through 55 in the Reference section. For more detailed A/D operating techniques, see “A/D Conversion of Analog Tape Recordings” on page 34.

Setup for 44.1/48 kHz A to D Conversion With Simultaneous D to D Processing

In AD+DD44 or DD+AD48 Modes, the Model Two converts analog si gnals to HDCD 44.1/48 kHz, 24-bit or 20-bit signals, and can simultaneously convert 44.1/48 kHz, 24-bit or 20bit digital signals, with digital signal level control, to HDCD 16-bit signals. AD+DD44/48 mode thus allows cascading 24-bit or 20-bit HDCD A/D conversion with 24-bit or 20-bit digital processing and conversion to a 16-bit HDCD signal, in real time for Compact Disc release mastering.

Setup for AD+DD44 or AD+DD48 mode:

1. Connect an analog signal source to the channel 1 and 2 analog inputs.

2. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/MODE/44.1_X or 48_X)

3. Connect AES Out 2 to a 20 or 24-bit DAW or digital processor.

4. Connect the 20 or 24-bit output of the DAW or processor to AES In 2.

5. Connect AES Out 1 to a 16-bit master r ecor d er. The master recorder’s 16-bit output may be connected to AES In 1 for confidence monitoring.

6. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/PRESETS) and select preset AD+DD1X.

7. Or, fr om the Operatin g Menu, select (SETUP/M ODE/MORE.../AD+DD44 or AD+DD48).

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8. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/OUTPUT/OUT_2). Then select the digital output 2 word length. HDCD_24 is selected by preset AD+DD1X.

9. In the Digital Output 1 W ord Length M enu (OUT_1), select the digital output 1 wor d length. HDCD_16 is selected by preset AD+DD1X.

Digital Post Production Processing

The Model Two’s post production processing capabilities include converting signal word lengths usin g HDCD dither and option al 16-bit amplitude en coding, decim ating 176.4/192 kHz signals to 88.2/96 kHz or 44.1/48 kHz an d decimating 88.2/96 kHz si gnals to 44.1/48 kHz using HDCD dyn ami c d ecim ati on filterin g, in terpolating 44.1/48 kHz signals to 88.2/ 96 kHz or 176.4/192 kHz and interpolating 88.2/96 kHz signals to 176.4/192 kHz using HDCD high resolution interpolation filtering and adjusting digital signal level using low distortion HDCD DSP Gain. The M odel T wo converts word length s between 24-bits, 20-bits , and 16-bits at all of its sampling rates. The Model Two interfaces with a wide variety of digital audi o recorders an d editing workstations . NOTE: The bit structure of HDCD signals

may not be altered without losing the HDCD LSB code . If digital processing that loses the code is performed on HDCD 24-bit recordings intended for 24-bit DVD format release, the LSB code must be reinserted by passing the signal through the Model T wo set up in the same 24-bit D to D mode. To perform digital processing of HDCD 16-bit amplitude encoded (using Peak Extend or Low Level Extend) recordings, the Model Two must fir st be used to decode them to 24-bit or 20-bit signals prior to processing, and then is used to encode them back to HDCD 16-bit after processing.

Setup for 44.1 kHz Word Length Conversion & HDCD 16-bit Encoding

In DD44-44 Mode, the Model Two converts 44.1 kHz digital signals from longer word lengths to HDCD 16-bit usin g selectable HDCD dith er and opti on al amplitu de en codin g. It also converts HDCD 16-bit signals to 24-bit or 20-bit word lengths.

1. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/MODE/44.1_X)

2. Connect a 24-bit or 20-bit 44.1 kHz digital source to the AES 1 Input.

3. Connect AES Output 1 or 2 to a digital audio recorder or DAW.

4. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/PRESETS) and select preset DD1X-16.

5. Or, from the Operating Menu select (SETUP/MODE/MORE.../DD44-44).

Once the M odel T wo is set up f or digital wor d length conversi on, other par ameters su ch as Digital Input Word Length, Digital Output Word Length, Digital Output HDCD Setup, etc. may be changed as desired. See pages 47-58 in the Reference section.

Setup for 88.2/96 kHz to 44.1/48 kHz Decimation & Word Length Conversion

In DD88-44 or DD96-48 Modes, the Model Two converts 24-bit or 20-bit, 88.2/96 kHz

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digital signals to HDCD 24, 20 or 16-bit, 44.1/48 kHz signals using HDCD decimation.

1. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/MODE/44.1_X or 48_X).

2. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/PRESETS) and select either preset DD2X24 or DD2X-16, depending on the desired output word length.

3. Or, from the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/MODE/MORE.../MORE.../DD88-44 or DD96-48).

4. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/INPUT/FORMAT), then select the digital input format. 1_WIRE selects single wire, double speed AES. 2_WIRE selects two wire , single speed AES. Th e factory pr esets select two wire , sin gle speed AES input.

5. If two wire was selected, connect the AES channel 1 and 2 output of a 4 channel, 24-bit or 20-bit, 44.1/48kHz digital audio recorder to AES In 1, and the AES channel 3 and 4 output to AES In 2, or connectthe AES two wire 88.2/96 kHz out puts of a DAW to AES In 1 and 2.

6. If single wire was selected, conn ect the double speed AES output o f an 88.2/96 kHz digital recorder or DAW to AES In 1.

7. Connect AES Output 1 or 2 to a digital audio recorder or DAW.

CAUTION: Do not feed a standard STEREO 44.1 kHz or 48 kHz AES signal to either AES In 1 or 2 when the Model Two is set up f or AES two wire input in DD88-44 or DD96-48 Modes. Doing so will cause supersonic spurious energy to appear at the D/A analog outputs which may damage loudspeakers.

Setup for 44.1/48 kHz to 88.2/96 kHz Interpolation & Word Length Conversion

In DD44-88 or DD48-96 Modes, the Model Two converts 24-bit, 20-bit, or 16-bit, 44.1/48 kHz signals to HDCD 24-bit, 20-bit or 16-bit 88.2/96 kHz signals using high resolution HDCD interpolation filtering.

1. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/MODE/44.1_X or 48_X)

2. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/PRESETS) and select preset DD1X-2X.

3. Or, from the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/MODE/MORE.../MORE.../DD44-88 or DD48-96).

4. Connect a 24-bit, 20-bit, or 16-bit 44.1/48 kHz digital source to the AES 1 Input.

5. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/OUTPUT/FORMAT), then select the digital output format. 1_WIRE selects single wire, double speed AES. 2_WIRE selects two wire, single speed AES. The factory presets are two wire, single speed AES output.

6. If single wire was selected, connect AES Out 1 or AES Out 2 to the double speed AES input of an 88.2/96 kHz digital recorder or DAW.

7. If two wire was selected, conn ect AES Out 1 and 2 to the AES sin gle speed, two wire

inputs of an 88.2/96 kHz digital recorder or DAW.

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Once the M odel Two is set up for 44.1/48 kHz to 88.2/96 kHz in terpolati on, oth er par ameters such as Digital Input HDCD Code Detect, Digital Input HDCD_16 Decoding, Digital Output Word Length, etc. may be changed as desired. For information, see pages 46-56.

Setup for 176.4/192 kHz to 44.1/48 kHz Decimation & Word Length Conversion

In DD176-44 or DD192-48 Modes, the Model Two converts 24-bit or 20-bit, 176/192 kHz digital sign als to HDCD 24-bit, 24-bit, or 16-bit, 44.1/48 kHz signals usin g HDCD adaptive filter decimation.

1. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/MODE/44.1_X or 48_X)

2. Connect AES In 1 and 2 to the double speed AES outputs 1 and 2 of a 176.4/192 kHz digital audio recorder or DAW.

3. Connect AES Output 1 or 2 to a digital audio recorder or DAW.

4. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/PRESETS) and select either preset DD4X24 or DD4X-16, depending on the desired output word length.

5. Or , from th e Operating Men u, select (SETUP/MODE/MORE.../MORE.../M ORE.../DD17644 or DD192-48).

6. From the Operating Men u, select (SETUP/OUTPUT/OUT_1), and select the word len gth.

Setup for 44.1/48 kHz to 176.4/192 kHz Interpolation & Word Length Conversion

In DD44-176 or DD48-192 Modes , th e M od el Two converts 24-bit, 20-bit, or 16-bit, 44.1/ 48 kHz signals to HDCD 24-bit, 20-bit or 16-bit 176/192 kHz si gnals usin g high resoluti on HDCD interpolation filtering.

1. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/MODE/44.1_X or 48_X)

2. Connect a 24-bit, 20-bit, or 16-bit 44.1/48 kHz digital source to the AES 1 Input.

3. Connect AES Out 1 and 2 to th e AES double speed, two wir e inputs of a 176/192kHz

digital recorder or DAW.

4. From the Operating Menu, select (SETUP/PRESETS) and select preset DD1X-4X.

5. Or , from the Oper ating Menu, select (SETUP/M ODE/MORE.../MORE.../MORE.../MORE.../ DD44-176 or DD48-192).

Once the Model Two is set up for 44.1/48 kHz to 176.4/192 kHz interpolation, other parameters such as Digital Input HDCD Code Detect, Digital Input HDCD_16 Decoding, Digital Output Word Length, etc. may be changed as desired. For more information, see pages 47-58.

DAC-Monitoring System Performance Optimization

The Mod el Two has advanced D AC optimization capabilities d esigned to provi de the highest possible fidelity with different types of monitoring electronics and power amplifiers. Specific DAC dithers are provided for 44.1/48 kHz (1X) and 88.2/96/176.4/192 kHz (2X/

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4X) signals . While DAC dith er greatly improves th e linearity of D/A conversi on, it also adds supersonic ener gy to the an alog output sign al, which will in teract differ ently with vari ous types of line amplifi ers and power amplifiers. Hi gher levels of dith er generally impr ove DAC linearity , but also can stress electr onics that have limited high fr equency slewing capabilities. This can manifest as audible Transient Intermodulation Distortion, or a smearing of detail. To allow the best possible match of dither to amplifier performance, three selectable dither levels are pr ovided for 1X conversi on, and four levels ar e provided f or 2X and 4X conversion. The best way to determine the optimum DA C dith er f or a specific monitoring system is by listening to various types of source material while selecting different DAC dither curves. Optimum settings should be determined separately for 1X and 2X/4X material. Generally, the “wider-band” or “faster” the monitoring electronics, the higher the optimum dither level will be. Th e factory pr eset dither level is P0 (pr eset 0) with M6 and M12 (min us 6 dB and 12 dB) option s available at 1X, an d M3, M6 and P3 (min us 3 dB, min us 6 dB an d plus 3 dB) options available at 2X/4X. DAC dither levels are set in the DAC-System Optimize Menu (SETUP/MORE.../SYSTEM/DAC_OPT). Changing Presets does not change DAC dither settings.

Compact Disc Release Mastering

The Model Two produces HDCD 16-bit, 44.1 kHz, Compact Disc release masters from both analog sources or lon ger word len gth digital sour ces. If a digital sour ce wasn’t mad e using HDCD A/D conversion, its dyn amic ran ge can be preserved by usin g HDCD 16-bit amplitude encoding and decoding, but without the benefit of HDCD A/D conversion and filtering.

HDCD Silence

When producing HDCD release masters, at least 200 milliseconds (1/5 second or 6 NTSC video fr ames) of “HDCD Silence” m ust be provided bef ore the beginning o f each segment of program audi o. HDCD Silence is simply an HDCD signal with n o pr ogr am con ten t. “Digital (Video) Black” may be inserted prior to the 200 msec of HDCD Silence and immediately following the end of HDCD program audio. The 200 msec of HDCD Silence allows HDCD playback equipment time to perform any necessary switching or level adjustment.

Processing HDCD 16-bit Signals

No digital processing which alters the bit structure of an HDCD 16-bit signal can be performed without losing the HDCD amplitude encoding information hidden in the signal’s LSB. “Digital processing” includes any level change, EQ, dither, rounding, etc. Editing which does not affect the bit structure of the 16-bit HDCD encoded signal, such as butt splices or rapi d cross fad es, is OK. Cross fad es should n ot be longer than 100 m sec (3 video frames). A t least 30 msec (1 fr am e) sh ould e xist between the en d o f a spli ce or cr oss fad e and the beginning of a signal level transient. This period is required so that an HDCD decoder has time to recognize the HDCD code.

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A/D Conversion of Analog Tape Recordings

To obtain the very best possible quality when converting analog master tapes to digital masters using the Model Two, the following steps are recommended.

1. The outputs of the analog machine should be “hot rodded” directly to the analog inputs of the M od el Two using minim um len gth run s of high quality cable, without going through a console or patch bay. Record levels should be set using only the analog input attenu ator on th e M odel Two and th e output level trim on th e an alog machine . If EQ or oth er pr ocessing o f th e an alog si gnal is n ecessary, a high quality analog EQ or processin g unit should be connected directly into the “hot r od” path without using a patch bay. In some cases, where only simple tr eble EQ is requir ed , the play EQ on the analog machine can be adjusted, eliminating the need for an outboard EQ unit. The idea is to keep the analog signal path as short as possible.

2. The analog tran sfer sh ould be mad e with th e M odel T wo’s A/D converter set to 24bit at the high est possible sampling rate . If the A/D conversion frequen cy is 44.1

or 48 kHz, one AES output can feed a 24-bit digital recorder while the other AES

output is fed to a 24-bit editing DAW. Thus, a 24-bit, 44.1 or 48 kHz archive recording can be made at the same time the DAW is being loaded.

3. Digital processin g in the workstati on that involves level shifting, EQ etc. sh ould be carefully evaluated f or sonic quality. High quality 24-bit editors, if set up corr ectly , can sound quite neutr al when used f or assemblin g an d sequen cing segm en ts , h owever level shifting, EQ, and other processing operations can sometimes create audible distortions.

4. If the digital editor’s level control doesn’t sound sonically neutral, peak levels for the HDCD 16-bit release master can be adjusted using the DSP Gain feature of the Model T wo, which has e xtr emely low distorti on. Set the M odel T wo to 24-bit di gital in, 16-bit digital out mode, using the DIG44-16 preset. Feed the 24-bit output of the workstation to th e Model T wo, and use DSP Gain to adjust the 16-bit peak level, which can be up to 6 dB above full scale if Peak Extend is used. (monitor HDCD amplitude decoding should be turned alternately on and off while monitoring the analog D/A output of th e Mod el T wo wh en settin g levels using P eak Exten d to h ear any Peak Extend limiting with undecoded playback.)

No digital processing, including any form of EQ, level shifting, dither, rounding or truncation can be performed on HDCD encoded signals without losing the hidden LSB code that allows HDCD filtering and decoding. However , cuts or r apid (≤ 100 m s) cross f ades will n ot disrupt

playback filtering or decoding and are OK.

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Creating the 16-bit HDCD Release Sound You Want

During HDCD 16-bit A/D conversion, or after HDCD 24-bit or 20-bit A/D conversi on and 24bit or 20-bit digital processin g, the Mod el T wo’s HDCD 16-bit amplitud e encoding opti ons , Peak Exten sion, HDCD Limiting, Low Level Exten sion, and HDCD 16-bit Dith ers, are used to produce the best possible 16-bit HDCD encoded release masters from an analog or 24-bit or 20-bit source. When used correctly, these options allow the Model Two to accurately preserve the sound of different sources for both 16-bit undecoded and HDCD 16-bit decoded playback, whether they have wide dynamic range with infrequent short duration peaks, such as most classical music or jazz, or are compressed or hard edged with little dynamic range, typical of a lot of pop and rock.

Detailed descriptions of the amplitude encoding and dither options follow below, after which ther e are suggested operatin g techniques f or both limited and wide d ynamic range source material.

HDCD 16-bit Amplitude Encoding and Dither Options

Note: The menu selections to access an option, starting from the Operating Menu, are shown in (parentheses).

Peak Extension & HDCD Limiting

For Peak Extension, from the Operating Menu select (OPS 2/PEAKEXT/ON). For HDCD Limiting, select (OPS 2/PEAKEXT/LIMIT).

Peak Extension is a restorable (with HDCD decoding) soft peak limiter that allows peak levels up to 6 dB above standard full scale level (+6 dBfs) on HDCD 16-bit recordings without gen erating “overs”. The limiter has a car efully crafted “ easy-over” curve, desi gned to mimic the sound of analog tape saturation that operates over an input signal level range of -3 dBfs to +6 dBfs, in effect squeezing the top 9 dB of the input signal’s range into the top 3 dB of the 16-bit recording.

During HDCD 16-bit decoded playback, Peak Extension peak limiting is undone by the HDCD decoder using a precisely mapped inverse of the limiting curve controlled by the hidd en LSB code, an d the dynami cs of the origin al material ar e restored up to +6 dBfs, th us extending dynamic range by up to 6 dB.

HDCD Limiting functi ons ex actly the sam e as P eak Extensi on during r ecordin g, ex cept that during playback the limiting curve is not undone with HDCD decoding. During HDCD decoded playback, HDCD Limiting has the same effect as during undecoded playback.

Use of Peak Extension or HDCD Limiting is optional in the HDCD 16-bit encoding process .

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DSP Gain

From the Operating Menu select (LEVELS/DSPGAIN) DSP Gain is a digital gain contr ol that adjusts the level of digital input sources over a +6

to -25.9 dB rang e (+12 to -19.9 dB with Peak Exten sion) and has e xtremely low distorti on. DSP Gain allows 24-bit or 20-bit input sources to be “fit” optimally in to the more limited dynamic range of a 16-bit release format by setting peak levels as close as possible to 0 dBfs. Note: If Peak Extension is used, DSP Gain can set peak levels as high as + 6 dBfs. If DSP Gain is set below unity , for ex ample at - 0.1 dB, then indepen dent of th e input level, the output level can be no greater than the DSP Gain setting relative to full scale record level. In this example, input levels which would drive the output higher than - 0.1 dB relative to peak record level are clipped at - 0.1 dB, and no “overs” can occur.

Low Level Extension

From the Operating Menu select (OPS 2/LOWLVL/NORMAL). Low Level Extension is an average signal level based low level compression / expansion

system used on HDCD 16-bit amplitude encoded recordings which very gradually raises gain a preset amoun t when the aver age sign al level drops below a pr eset threshold . During HDCD 16-bit decoded playback the compression curve is expanded back to linear gain by the HDCD decod er using a precisely mapped inverse o f the compressi on curve controlled by a hidden code, producing a dynamic range and resolution floor beyond 16-bit. During undecod ed playback low level inf ormati on n orm ally lost by stan d ard 16-bit players is pr eserved, providing more accurate timbral and spatial reproduction.

There ar e two modes o f Low Level Extensi on, “Normal” an d “Special”. N ormal m ode begins to affect the input signal 45 dB below peak level, gradually raising the gain 4 dB as the level drops over an 18 dB range. Special mode begins to affect the input signal 39 dB below peak level, and grad ually raises th e gain 7.5 dB over a 26 dB ran ge . Normal m ode is optimized to provide the best combination of decoded dynamic range and resolution and undecoded compatibility. Special mod e is designed to provide the best possible decoded dynamic range and resolution at some potential expense of undecoded compatibility. To access Special mod e , from the Operatin g Menu select (SETUP/OUTPUT/HDCD_16/LOWLVL/ SPECIAL). Typically, Special mode is used only for HDCD 16-bit master tracking with the assumption that the r ecording will be d ecoded by the Mod el Two to a 24-bit or 20-bit wor d length for digital post production before being re-encoded to HDCD 16-bit using Normal mode to produce a release master.

Use of Low Level Extension is optional in the HDCD 16-bit encoding process. Low Level Extension can be turned on and off “on the fly” whenever the signal level is above - 30 dBfs .

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HDCD 16-bit Dithers

From the Operating Menu select (SETUP/OUTPUT/OUT_1 or OUT_2/DITHER or MORE...). HDCD 16-bit dither options allow optimizing perceived timbral and spacial accuracy with

different types o f source material d uring HDCD 16-bit A/D conversion, or wh en converting 24-bit or 20-bit signals to HDCD 16-bit.

The dither options are: DITHER1, DITHER2, DITHER3, DITHER0, ROCK_1, ROCK_2, and ROCK_3.

DITHER1 is usually preferr ed with most source materi al, and provi des both ex cellent clarity and accurate timbre. DITHER1 is the default dither selected by the factory presets.

DITHER2 and DITHER3 produce subtle alterations in timbre and spatial “air”, providing a “palette” of options for different source material.

DITHER0 is the original HDCD 16-bit dither, and has been superceded by mathematical advances in DITHER1. DITHER0 may still be pr eferr ed with som e source m ateri al, an d also allows matching previously recorded HDCD 16-bit material.

ROCK_1, ROCK_2, and ROCK_3 are designed to be useful for certain types of dense, distorted source materi al to keep an “ed ge” to the sound wh en dithering from 24-bit or 20-bit signals to HDCD 16-bit. Each has a different “flavor” though they will all distort clean source material, as they are intentionally designed towards truncation in effect.

Operating Techniques:

Listening to both und ecoded as well as d ecod ed 16-bit playback is important, sin ce HDCD amplitude encoding effects such as Peak Extension limiting are more audible undecoded.

Limited Dynamic Range Pop or Rock

The best method to record highly compressed, limited dynamic range material depends greatly on the results that are desired with undecoded playback.

Using P eak Exten si on allows very high aver age r ecor ding levels with out “ clippin g” or generating “overs”. This appr oach can be used to get the “h ottest” possible sound (almost n o dynami cs) during un decod ed playback for air play, with decoding restoring norm al dyn amics for home listening.

However, because Peak Extension limiting has an “easy over” curve that begins to affect the sign al at - 3 dBfs, it usu ally shouldn’t be used with hi ghly compressed sour ce materi al

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that will almost always be in the limitin g curve, unless a hi ghly limited or distorted sound is desired during undecoded playback.

Typically, Peak Extensi on r ecordings do not have th e “crunch” or “ ed g e” pr od u ced by har d clipping that is sometimes desired for certain types of rock material.

To get a hard “crunch” without any “easy over” limiting, turn Peak Extend off and adjust DSPGAIN to a level just below full scale , usually - 0.1 dB. Th e digital input sign al level can then be adjusted using an e xternal device su ch as a 24-bit editing workstation. This allows as much clippin g as d esir ed with out g ener atin g an y “overs”. T o elimin ate th e need for an external gain adjusting device, the Model Two can be put into a dual output mode with digital output 2 set to HDCD_24, and di gital output 1 set to HDCD_16, an d offset -0.1 dB relative to output 2 using OUT1OFS in the Levels Menu (see page 36). DSPGAIN can then be adjusted to provid e “crunch” on di gital output 1 without gener ating any “overs”. Digital output 2 may then “over”, but isn’t used.

When a “dry” or “punchy” low level sound is desired with limited dynamic range material that has little ambient information, Low Level Extension can be turned off.

Wide Dynamic Range Jazz or Classical

This type of material typi cally has infrequen t, short d uration peaks su ch as snar e drum rim shots, cymbal crashes, bass drum hits, etc. These types of short duration peaks can be limited by as much as 5 dB or 6 dB usin g Peak Extension with little audible effect during undecoded playback, allowing the average recorded level to be raised which improves overall resolution and fidelity.

Low Level Extension, set to N ormal mode , should almost always be used with wi de dyn amic rang e material as it greatly aids in preserving the low level ambient and timbral information that gives “life” and naturalness to recordings.

With certain types of source material, such as a very low level passage in a noisy analog tape, Low Level Extension may occasionally cause an audible shift or “breathing” of the noise floor durin g undecod ed playback. Low Level Extensi on can be turned off “on th e fly” prior to such passages when the signal level is above - 30 dBfs, and turned back on afterwards, again when the signal level is above - 30 dBfs, to preserve the best possible fidelity for the remainder of the recording. However, with source material that is very noisy, Low Level Extension should be left off, as the noise of the source will set the resolution floor.

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Menu Structure

The men u structur e is shown in tr ee f orm on page 40. Th e top level men u is th e Operatin g Menu. To get to the Operating Menu from any other menu, press and hold the Menu Up button. The active modes of the function buttons are labeled above them on the graphic display. For example, from the Operating Menu, pressing the function button labeled OPS 2 will call up the Second Operating Menu. Some menus display the option MORE... which selects an addition al page in the men u. For example, fr om the Setup Menu, pr essing MORE... will select the second page of the Setup Menu, and so on. Pressing MORE... on the last page of a multiple page menu will roll back to the first page of the menu. The Recall Presets and Store Presets Menus may have multiple pages depending on the number of presets stored . Th e menu selection s necessary to access a menu or featur e, starting fr om the Operating Menu, are shown in (parentheses).

The menu name, OPERATING MENU shown above, always appears in the upper left hand corner of th e display . The selected Oper ating Mod e appears on the first line after th e menu name or on the second line below the menu name. If 44.1 kHz is selected as the Base Sample Rate, the Operating Modes are: AD_44.1 (shown above), DD44-44, AD+DD44, AD_88.2, DD88-44, DD44-88, DD88-88, AD176.4, DD176.4, DD176-88, DD176-44, DD88176 and DD44-176. If 48 kHz is selected as the Base Sample Rate, the Operating Modes are: AD_48, DD48-48, AD+DD48, AD_96, DD96-48, DD48-96, DD96-96, AD192, DD192, DD192-96, DD192-48, DD96-192 and DD48-192. The Base Sample Rate an d Operating Mod es are selected in the Operating Mode Menu (SETUP/MODE).

The word length set f or digital output 1, OUTPUT 1: (HDCD16 shown above), appears below the menu name or below the operating mode. The word length set for digital output 2, OUTPUT 2: (HDCD24 shown above), appears under the digital output 1 word length. Output word length options are: HDCD24, HDCD20, or HDCD16. Output word lengths are set in the Digital Output Menu (SETUP/OUTPUT/OUT_1 or OUT_2).

The meter r eferen ce level, REF LEVEL: (-14 shown above), appears on th e second , third, or fourth line o f the men u. The m eter referen ce level ran ge is between -6dB and -21dB an d is set in the Meter Setup M enu. The bottom line displays th e active modes of th e five Function Buttons and varies for each menu.

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User’s Manual

Rev. C - January 2002

[ SECOND OPERATING ]

SETUP

[ SETUP ]

MORE...

[ SETUP ]

REFCLK

[ A/D REFERENCE

CLOCK ]

MONITOR [ MONITOR SETUP ]

OVRLD_1 [ METER OVER LOAD LIGHT #1 ]

HDCDBIT

[ MONITOR INPUT HDCD CODE DETECT ]

LEVELS [ LEVELS ]

STORE_P [ STORE PRESETS ]

MORE... [ SETUP ]

[ OPERATING ]

SYSTEM

[ SYSTEM ]

OVRLD_2 [ METER OVER LOAD LIGHT #2 ]

MODE

[ OPERATING

MODE-44.1 MODES ]

OUTPUT

[ DIGITAL

OUTPUT ]

METER

SETUP ]

DOWNLD

VERSION

[ SOFTWARE

VERSION ]

PRESETS [ RECALL PRESETS ]

AD_MODE

[ A/D FILTER

MODE ]

STORE [ STORE PRESET ]

RENAME CLEAR [ RENAME PRESET ]

MTRSRCE

MTRMODE

OUT_1 OUT_2 DIGIN_2

NORMAL FINE BITS

PEAKEXT OFF LIMIT ON

LOWLVL OFF NORMAL

MONHD16 ON OFF

SCALING SOURCE ON [ MONITOR OFF SOURCE ]

AD_GAIN

DSPGAIN

UNDO

STEREO CH_1 CH_2

PHASINV [ DIGITAL OUTPUT PHASE INVERT ]

NORMAL INVERT L_INVRT

HDCD_16

[ DIGITAL OUTPUT

HDCD SETUP ]

PEAKEXT

LOWLVL

OFF

OFF SPECIAL NORMAL

INTERN REF_AES REFWCLK DIG_IN MASTER

NORMAL FIXED_1 FIXED_2

24-BIT 20-BIT

PEAKHLD

SHORT

LONG HOLD

NONE

THRSHLD HOLD

ON OFF

UNDO

DISPLAY

FINEREF

AD1X-24 AD1X-16 AD1X2416 AD+DD1X DD1X-20 DD1X-16 DD1X-2X DD1X-4X AD2X-24 DD2X-2X DD2X-24 DD2X-16 DD2X-4X AD4X-24 DD4X-4X MORE... DD4X-2X DD4X-24 DD4X-16 MORE... RECALL

PHASE

NORMAL

INVERT

MONHD16

ON OFF

AUTO

SCALING

OFF

TEST [ TEST

FUNCTIONS ]

PANEL

[ FRONT PANEL

DISPLAY ]

POLARTY [ ANALOG POLARITY ]

CONTRST BRIGHT

STATUS

BARGRPH

UNDO

PIN2HOT PIN3HOT

ADT DAT [ ADT ] [ DAT ]

METER LAMPTST WALKBIT NORMAL

ON NORMAL

MONLVL STEREO

CH_1

MONHD16

ON OFF

Toggle Select Only in DD4X/2X to 1X Modes Deleted if 2X or 4X Sample Rate Only if 2X Sample Rate Deleted in AD+DD1X Mode

= = = =

= Only in AD+DD1X Mode

= Only if different Output 1&2 Word Lengths

= Only if 2X or 4X Sample Rate

= Follows Output 1 in DD4X/2X to 1X

OPS 2

INPUT

[ ANALOG INPUT]

AD_44.1 DD44-44 AD+DD44 MORE...

AD_88.2 DD88-44 DD44-88 DD88-88 MORE...

OUT_2

[ DIGITAL OUTPUT 2

WORD LENGTH ]

OUT_1

[ DIGITAL OUTPUT 1

WORD LENGTH ]

HDCD_16

HDCD_24

HDCD_16

FOLW_1

HDCD_20

HDCD_24

Legends: [ ] = Menu Name

[ DIGITAL INPUT HDCD CODE DETECT ]

(IF AD MODE)

(IF DD MODE)

•

16-BIT

[ 2X TO 1X

FILTER MODE ]

NORMAL FIXED_1 FIXED_2

FOLWMTR

OUT_2

DIG_IN

OUT_1

OUT1OFS STEREO

AVRG/PK

PEAKBAR

DIG_IN

◊

(IF AD MODE)

(IF DD MODE)

(FACTORY TEST ONLY)

MORE...

[ SETUP ]

[ DO ]

(FACTORY TEST ONLY)

[ OPERATING

MODE-88.2 MODES ]

FILTERS

[ DIGITAL INPUT ]

HDCD_IN

HDCDBIT

24-BIT 20-BIT 16-BIT

[ DIGITAL INPUT HDCD_16 DECODING ]

DCODE16

SCALING ON OFF

ON OFF

[ OUTPUT 1 HDCD_16

DITHER ]

[ OUTPUT 2 HDCD_16

DITHER ]

[ OPERATING

MODE-176.4 MODES ]

[ METER

DITHER

∑

[ 44.1 / 48 BASE

SAMPLE RATE ]

44.1_X 48_X MORE...

AD176.4 DD176.4 DD176-88 DD176-44 MORE...

[ OPERATING

MODE-176.4 MODES ]

DD88-176 DD44-176 MORE...

FORMAT [ DIGITAL OUTPUT FORMAT ]

1_WIRE

2_WIRE

FORMAT

[ MONITOR

DIGITAL INPUT FORMAT ]

1_WIRE

2_WIRE

FORMAT [ DIGITAL INPUT FORMAT ]

1_WIRE

2_WIRE

∑

•

DITHER1 DITHER2 DITHER3 DITHER0 MORE... ROCK_1 ROCK_2 ROCK_3 MORE...

CH_2

LIMIT

DAC_OPT [ DAC-SYSTEM OPTIMIZE ]

1XOP

2X/4XOP

M6 M3 P0

M6 P0

M12

MON_REF

[ MONITOR REFERENCE CLOCK ]

DIG_IN A/D_REF

REF_CLK

[ DIGITAL IN

REFERENCE CLOCK ]

DIG_IN REF_AES REFWCLK MASTER

[ EXTERNAL REF CLOCK FREQUENCY ]

1X_REF 2X_REF

REF_FRQ

[ EXTERNAL REF CLOCK FREQUENCY ]

1X_REF 2X_REF

REF_FRQ

Menu Tree

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Model Two HDCD® User’s Manual

Menu Descriptions

The selection s to access a menu or feature , starting fr om the Operating M enu, are shown in (parenth eses). The menu descriptions shown are with the 44.1 kHz Base Sample Rate

selected. If 48 kHz is selected, the menus remain the same, except multiples of 48 replace 44.1. The menu descriptions follow the order of the Menu Tree on page 40.

Operating Menu

The Operating Menu is the top level menu. All other menus are reached from this menu.

Function button #1 (MTRMODE) toggles between the Meter Display Mode settings. Repeated button pushes choose NORMAL, FINE, and BITS. Function button #2 (MTRSRCE) toggles between th e Meter Sources. Repeated button push es choose OUT_1, OUT_2, and DIG_IN. In AD+DD44 mode only, DIGIN_2 also appears. OUT_1 = Digital output 1 is used as the meter source. OUT_2 = Digital output 2 is used as the meter source. DIG_IN = Digital input 1 is used as the meter source. DIGIN_2 = Digital input 2 is used as the meter source. (AD+DD44 only) For addition al inform ati on on M eter M ode an d Sour ce selecti on see pag e 14 in th e Set-Up & Operation section. Function button #3 (OPS 2) selects the Second Operating Menu which contains the most often used HDCD 16-bit encod e and m onitor contr ols , and selecti on of th e Monitor Sour ce Menu (SOURCE). (SETUP) selects page one o f th e Setup Menu. Description s of the Second Operating Menu, Monitor Source Menu, Levels Menu, and Setup Menu are on pages 41 to 45.

Function button #4 (LEVELS) selects th e Levels Menu. Fun ction button #5

Second Operating Menu

The Second Operating Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (OPS 2).

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Function Button s 1 - 4 select HDCD 16-bit encode and m onitor modes. Button #1 (PEAKEXT) selects if Peak Extension or HDCD Limiting are on or off, button #2 (LOWLVL) selects if normal Low Level Extension is on or off, button #3 (MONHD16) selects if HDCD 16-bit amplitude decoding during monitoring is on or off, and button #4 (SCALING) selects if Gain Scaling during monitoring is on or off. Button # 5 (SOURCE) selects the Monitor Source Menu. See pages 35, 36, 51, 69 and 70 for additional information on Peak Extension, HDCD Limiting, Low Level Extension, and Gain Scaling.

Monitor Source Menu

The Monitor Sour ce Menu is reached fr om the Operating M enu by selecting (OPS 2/SOURCE).

Function button s 1 - 4 select the m onitor sour ce . Button #1 (FOL WMTR) selects th e m eter source as the monitor source, button #2 (OUT_1) selects digital output 1, button #3 (OUT_2) selects digital output 2, and button #4 (DIG_IN) selects digital input 1 as the monitor source. Pressing ENTER activates the selected source.

In follow meter mode, (FOLWMTR) the monitor source is the same as the meter source selected in the Operating Menu. The other modes allow different sources to be displayed on the meters while the monitor source remains constant.

Levels Menu

The Levels Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (LEVELS). Analog input level, digital sign al level, monitor output level, and output 1 o ffset can be adjusted in the Levels Menu. The menu appears in different forms depending on the selected operating mode. Some examples are shown below.

In a 44.1 kHz A/D mode (AD_44.1 or AD+DD44):

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In 44.1 kHz Digital Input mode (DD44-44):

In 88.2 kHz A/D mode (AD_88.2):

In 176.4 kHz A/D mode (AD176.4):

Model Two HDCD® User’s Manual

Function button #1 selects STEREO, CH_1, or CH_2 control of either analog input level (AD_GAIN) in A/D mod es, or digital sign al level (DSPGAIN) in Digital Input mod es. AD_GAIN adjusts the analog input signal level in the digital domain. Raising A/D gain 1 dB is equivalent to raisin g the analog input level 1 dB . Th e A/D gain ran ge is from 0 dB to + 3.1 dB in 0.05 dB steps. DSPGAIN adjusts di gital signal level. Th e DSP gain range is fr om +6 dB to -25.9 dB (+12 to -19.9 with Peak Extend), in 0.1 dB steps. The Rotary Con trol is used to set both AD_GAIN and DSPGAIN.

Function button #2 (OUT1OFS) selects stereo control of the level of digital output 1 relative (offset) to digital output 2. Th e gain offset r an ge is fr om + 6 dB to - 9.9 dB (+12 to -

3.9 dB with Peak Exten d), in 0.1 dB steps . OUT1OFS is deleted if di gital output 2 is set to FOLW_1. In 88.2 kHz and 176.4 kHz Operating Modes, OUT1OFS is deleted.

Function button #3 (MONLVL) toggles between three monitor output level control selections; STEREO, CH_1, and CH_2. The Rotary Control is then used to set the monitor level. For 44.1 kHz monitoring, M ONL VL sets absolute output level with values ran ging fr om +24

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to -78 dBu, selectable in 0.1 dB nominal steps (actual step resolution is 0.188 dB). For

88.2 and 176.4 kHz monitorin g, the level ran ge is +24 to -11.9 dBu in actual 0.1 dB steps . Function button #4 (M ONHD16) when set to th e OFF position allows listening to HDCD 16-

bit signals through the D/A analog outputs without HDCD amplitude decoding. For more information on oper ation of th e MONHD16 control see th e Monitor Setup Menu on pag e 61.

In the top right corner of the menu, the current level values are displayed. The Rotary Control is used to change levels. While the Rotary Control is active, pressing function button #5 (UNDO) deactivates the control and returns the level setting to its previous value. Wh en the d esired level is set, pr essing th e ENTER button accepts it an d deactivates the knob. Toggling to a different selection will keep the new level. If the Levels Menu is exited while the Rotary Control is active, it will remain active. Rotating the control one step in either directi on will recall the Levels Men u with the contr ol still active. This allows , for example, pushing the Menu Up button to get to the Operating Menu, selecting a different m eter mode an d returning dir ectly to level adjustment by r otating the con trol, or pushing the Menu Down button.

Setup Menu

The Setup Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP). Page one of the Setup Menu:

Function button s 1-4 select different men us. Button #1 (MODE) selects the 44.1/48 Base Sample Rate Menu and th e Operatin g Mod e Men us, button #2 (OUTPUT) selects th e Digital Output Menu, button #3 (INPUT) selects the Analog Input Menu in A/D modes and the Digital Input Menu in D/D modes. Button #4 (PRESETS) selects the Recall Presets Menu, and button #5 (MORE...) selects page two of the Setup Menu. Descriptions of the above menus begin on pages 45, 47, 52, 56 and 59.

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Page two of the Setup Menu:

Button #1 (SYSTEM) selects the System Menu, button #2 (MONITOR) selects the Monitor Setup Menu, button #3 (METER) selects the Meter Setup Menu, button #4 (STORE_P) selects the Store Presets Menu, and button #5 (MORE...) selects page three of the Setup Menu. Descriptions of the above menus begin on pages 59, 61 and 63.

Page three of the Setup Menu:

Button #1 (DOWNLD) activates the system software download procedure. Prior to initiating download, the following message is displayed, “Download new system file? Press ENTER to confirm, or any other k ey to cancel”. Pressing ENTER brings up the Select Bau d Rate Menu to start the download process. Refer to System Software Download on page 65. Button #2 (TEST) selects the T est Men u, button #3 (VERSION) selects th e Softwar e V ersion Menu, button #5 (MORE...) returns to page one of the Setup Menu. Descriptions of the above menus begin on page 64.

44.1/48 Base Sample Rate Menu

The 44.1/48 Base Sample Rate Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/MODE).

Button #1 (44.1_X) selects 44.1 kHz as the base sample rate for all Model Two operating

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modes . When 44.1_X is selected, all operatin g modes in the Oper ating Mode M enus operate at 44.1 kHz or 2X (88.2 kHz) or 4X (176.4 kHz) multiples of 44.1 kHz. Button #3 (48_X)

selects 48 kHz as the base sample rate for all Model Two operating modes. When 48_X is selected, all operating modes in the Operating Mode Menus operate at 48 kHz or 2X (96 kHz) or 4X (192 kHz) multiples of 48 kHz. All f actory presets in the Recall Pr esets Menu are labeled 1_X, 2_X or 4_X and automatically operate at multiples of 44.1 kHz or 48 kHz depending on whi ch base sample r ate is selected. Button #5 (M ORE...) selects the Oper ating Mode 1_X Modes Menu.

Operating Mode 1_X Modes Menu

The Operating Mode 1_X Modes Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/MODE/MORE...).

Function buttons 1-3 select the operating modes. Button #1 (AD_44.1) selects 44.1 kHz A/D conversion mod e, button #2 (DD44-44) selects 44.1 kHz digital input m ode, button #3 (AD+DD44) selects 44.1 kHz A/D conversion simultaneous with 44.1 kHz digital input mode, button #5 (MORE...) selects the Operating Mode 2_X Modes Menu. Pressing ENTER activates the selected mode.

Operating Mode 2_X Modes Menu

Button #1 (AD_88.2) selects 88.2 kHz A/D conversion mod e , button #2 (DD88-44) selects

88.2 kHz digital input to 44.1 kHz digital output m ode , button #3 (DD44-88) selects 44.1 kHz digital input to 88.2 kHz digital output m ode, button # 4 (DD88-88) selects 88.2 kHz digital input to 88.2 kHz digital output m od e, and button # 5 (MORE...) selects th e Operating Mode 4_X Modes Menu. Pressing ENTER activates the selected mode.

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Model Two HDCD® User’s Manual

Operating Mode 4_X Modes Menu

Button #1 (AD176.4) selects 176.4 kHz AD mode, button #2 (DD176.4) selects 176.4 kHz to 176.4 kHz DD mode, button #3 (D176-88) selects 176.4 kHz to 88.2 kHz DD mode, button #4 (D176-44) selects 176.4 kHz to 44.1 kHz DD mode , button #5 (M ORE...) selects page two of th e Operatin g Mod e 4_X M odes M en u. Pressin g ENTER activates th e selection.

Page two of the Operating Mode 4_X Modes Menu:

Button #1 (D88-176) selects 88.2 kHz to 176.4 kHz DD mode , button #2 (D44-176) selects

44.1 kHz to 176.4 kHz DD mode , and button #5 (M ORE...) selects the 44.1/48 Base Sample Rate Menu. Pressing ENTER activates the selected mode.

Descriptions of the Operating Modes are on pages 19-23, and details of using each mode are on pages 26 to 31, in the Setup & Operation section.

Digital Output Menu

The Digital Output Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/OUTPUT). This menu appears in differ ent f orms depen ding on wh ether 1_X, 2_X or 4_X digital output operating modes are selected.

In 44.1 kHz (1_X) digital output operating modes:

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Function button #1 (OUT_1) selects the Digital Output 1 Word Length Menu, button #2 (OUT_2 ) selects the Digital Output 2 W ord Len gth Menu, button #3 (PHASINV) selects th e Digital Output Phase Invert Menu, and button #4 (HDCD_16) selects the Digital Output HDCD Setup Menu. Descriptions of these menus are on pages 48 to 51.

In 88.2 kHz (2_X) digital output operating modes:

In 88.2 kHz (2_X) digital output operating modes, function button #2 (OUT_2) is deleted, and button #5 (FORMAT) is added. FORMAT selects the Digital Output Format Menu described on page 52. In 176 kHz (4_X) digital output modes the Digital Output Menu is the same as in 88.2 kHz modes, except that function button #5 (FORMAT) is deleted.

Digital Output 1 Word Length Menu

In 44.1 kHz (1_X) digital output operatin g modes , the Di gital Output 1 W ord Len gth Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/OUTPUT/OUT_1).

Function buttons 1, 2, and 4 select the digital output word length, # 5 (DITHER) selects the Output 1 HDCD_16 Dither Menu. Pressing ENTER activates the selected function.

Output 1 HDCD_16 Dither Menu

The Output 1 HDCD_16 Dither Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/OUTPUT/OUT_1/DITHER).

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Function buttons 1-4 select differ ent HDCD 16-bit dither types . #5 selects the second pag e of the Dither Menu. Pressing ENTER activates the selected dither type. Dither 1 is the default dither used in the factory setup presets and provides excellent resolution and accurate timbre with most source material. Dither 2 provides a slightly different sonic “flavor” that may be preferr ed with some sour ces . Dith er 3 again is a differen t flavor with some emphasis of “ air” in th e sour ce . Dith er 0 is th e ori gin al HDCD 16-bit dith er pr ovid ed in early Model One software versions.

Page two of the Output 1 HDCD_16 Dither Menu:

Function buttons 1-3 select thr ee HDCD Rock dith er types . #5 selects the first pag e of th e Dither Menu. Pressing ENTER activates the selected dither type. ROCK_1, ROCK_2, and ROCK_3 are designed to be useful for certain types of dense, distorted source material to keep an “ed g e” to the soun d when dith erin g from 24-bit or 20-bit si gnals to HDCD 16-bit. Each has a different “flavor” th ough they will all distort clean sour ce materi al, as they ar e designed towards truncation in effect. See page 37 for descriptions of the HDCD dithers.

Digital Output 2 Word Length Menu

In 44.1 kHz (1_X) digital output operatin g modes , the Di gital Output 2 W ord Len gth Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/OUTPUT/OUT_2).

The Digital Output 2 Word Length Menu is the same as the Digital Output 1 Word Length Menu except for the addition of the option FOLW_1, selected by function button #1. Selecting FOLW_1 causes digital output 2 to automatically follow the configuration of digital output 1, and deletes the Output 2 HDCD_16 Dither Menu selection. FOLW_1 is deleted in AD+DD44 operating mode.

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Model Two HDCD® User’s Manual

Output 2 HDCD_16 Dither Menu

The Output 2 HDCD_16 Dither Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/OUTPUT/OUT_2/DITHER).

Function button s 1-4 select HDCD dithers . #5 selects th e second pag e of th e Dith er M enu. Pressing ENTER activates the selected dither. The dithers are the same as those in the Output 1 HDCD_16 Dither Menu. The Output 2 HDCD_16 Dither Menu is deleted when FOLW_1 is selected in the Digital Output 2 Word Length Menu.

Page two of the Output 2 HDCD_16 Dither Menu:

Function buttons 1-3 select HDCD Rock dithers. #5 selects the first page of the Dither Menu. Pressing ENTER activates the selected dither. The dithers are the same as those in page two of the Output 1 HDCD_16 Dither Menu.

Digital Output Word Length Menu

In 88.2 or 176.4 kHz (2_X or 4_X) digital output operatin g modes , the Digital Output W ord Length Menu is reached from the Operating M enu by selecting (SETUP/OUTPUT/OUTPUT).

Function buttons 1, 2, and 4 select the digital output word length. Pressing ENTER activates the selected function

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Digital Output Phase Invert Menu

The Digital Output Phase Invert Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/OUTPUT/PHASINV).

Function button #1 (NORMAL) selects normal phase, button #2 (INVERT) selects inverted absolute phase (both channels inverted), and function button #3 (L_INVRT) selects inverted relative phase (left channel only inverted). Pressing ENTER activates the selected mode . Selectin g L_INVERT will light th e System Status In dicator or ang e for “N on Stand ard Operation”.

Digital Output HDCD Setup Menu

The Digital Output HDCD Setup Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/OUTPUT/HDCD_16).

Function button #1 (PEAKEXT) toggles between P eak Extension ON, HDCD Limitin g (LIMIT) ON and OFF. Peak Extension is a restorable (with HDCD decoding) 9 dB soft peak limiter with a threshold of -3 dBfs that can increase dynamic range up to 6 dB when decoded. HDCD Limiting is the sam e as P eak Extensi on, ex cept that HDCD decodin g d oesn’t und o it.

Button #3 (LOWLVL) selects between three Low Level Extension options. When NORMAL mode is selected, HDCD 16-bit amplitude encoding uses a very gradual 4 dB restorable (with HDCD decoding) compan din g alg orithm below -45 dBfs to impr ove low level r esolution and increase dynamic range. Setting LOWLVL to OFF turns off low level signal companding. Settin g LOWLVL to SPECIAL mod e selects 7.5 dB companding with a threshold of -39 dBfs. Th e primary use o f SPECIAL mod e is to m ake HDCD m aster recor dings on a 16-bit record er whi ch will then be d ecod ed to 20-bit f or editin g. For m or e information on Peak Exten sion, HDCD Limitin g an d Low Level Extensi on see pages 35 an d 36 in the Setup & Operation section and pages 69 and 70.

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Digital Output Format Menu

In 88.2 kHz (2_X) digital output operating modes, the Digital Output Format Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/OUTPUT/FORMAT).

Function button #1 (1_WIRE) selects single wire, double speed AES as the digital output format, button #3 (2_WIRE) selects two wire, single speed AES as the digital output format. Pressing ENTER activates the selection.

Analog Input Menu

In all AD modes , th e An alog Input Menu is reach ed from the Operatin g M en u by selectin g (SETUP/INPUT). This menu appears in different forms depending on whether 1_X, 2_X or 4_X AD operating modes are selected.

In 44.1 kHz (1_X) AD operating mode:

The A/D REF clock mode is displayed on the top right of the menu and is set using the Reference Clock Menu, selected by function button #1 (REFCLK). Button #2 (AD_MODE) selects the A/D Filter Mode Menu, button #3 (HDCDBIT) selects the Monitor Input HDCD Code Detect Menu, button #4 (MON_REF) selects the Monitor Reference Clock Menu. Descriptions of these menus are on pages 53 and 54.

In 88.2 kHz (2_X) AD operating mode:

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The A/D REF clock mode is displayed on the top right of the menu and is set using the Reference Clock Menu, selected by function button #1 (REFCLK). Button #2 (HDCDBIT) selects the Monitor Input HDCD Code Detect Menu, button #3 (MON_REF) selects the Monitor Reference Clock Menu, button #4 (REF_FRQ) selects the External Ref Clock Frequency Men u, button #5 (FORMA T) selects the Monitor Digital Input Form at Menu. Descriptions o f these m enus are on pag es 53, 54 an d 55. In 176.4 kHz (4_X) AD mod e the An alog Input Menu is th e same as in 88.2 kHz AD m od e ex cept that functi on button #5 (FORMAT) is deleted.

A/D Reference Clock Menu

In all AD modes, the A/D Reference Clock Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/ INPUT/REFCLK).

Function buttons 1-5 select th e A/D converter refer ence clock sour ce . Button #1 (INTERN) selects the A/D converter’s intern al clock, which sh ould always be used unless an extern al reference is required, button #2 (REF_AES) selects the clock connected to the AES In Ref input, button #3 (REFWCLK) selects the clock connected to th e Word Clock Ref connector, button #4 (DIG_IN) selects the di gital input data sour ce connected to th e AES In 1 input, and button #5 (MASTER) both selects the in ternal clock an d feeds it to the W or d Clock Ref connector which th en provid es a master clock output that can be “d aisy-chained” through addition al Model T wos f or synchr onous multi channel A/D conversi on. Pressing ENTER activates the selection. Th e selected r eferen ce clock m od e is displayed in the top ri gh t of th e Analog Input Menu.

CAUTION: Do not select an external source for the reference clock input if it is derived from the output of the Model Two. This will create a circular reference clock effect and may result in synchronization drift.

A/D Filter Mode Menu

In 44.1 kHz (1_X) AD modes, the A/D Filter Mode Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/INPUT/AD_MODE).

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Function button #1 (N ORMAL) selects normal HDCD dyn amic decimati on filtering. Functi on button #3 (FIXED_1) selects a fixed decim ation filter. If an HDCD A/D converted 44.1 kHz or 48 kHz digital recording (20-bit, 24-bit, or 16-bit) is converted back to analog for analog processin g and again converted to digital, the FIXED_1 filter sh ould be used for the second A/D conversion. Fun cti on button #5 (FIXED_2) selects another type o f fix ed decimation filter. Pressing ENTER activates the selection. If a fixed filter is selected, the System Status indicator li ghts or ang e to show a n on-stan dar d mod e . (Fix ed filter 1 should also be used for A/D frequency response testing.)

Monitor Input HDCD Code Detect Menu

In all AD operating modes, the Monitor Digital Input Word Length Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/INPUT/HDCDBIT).

Function buttons 1-3 select the digital input HDCD code detect word length. Pressing ENTER activates the selected word length.

In all AD operating modes, selecting DIG_IN in the Operating Menu allows monitoring of digital sources , such as the output of a di gital record er being fed the digital outputs o f the Model T wo’s A/D converters . Th e Monitor Input HDCD Cod e Detect M en u is used to set the word length of HDCD LSB code detection. If the word length o f the digital input sign al is different fr om th e Cod e Detect settin g, HDCD cod e will not be detected, even if th e input signal is HDCD.

Monitor Reference Clock Menu

In all AD operating m od es , th e M onitor Refer en ce Clock M en u is r each ed fr om th e Oper ating Menu by selecting (SETUP/INPUT/MON_REF).

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Function button #1 (DIG_IN) selects the digital input data being monitored as the clock source , button #3 (A/D_REF) selects th e clock source selected in the A/D Reference Clock Menu as the clock source.

The Monitor Reference Clock Menu is used to select the D/A converter clock source when monitoring digital input signals while in AD operating modes. See page 26 for details.

External Ref Clock Frequency Menu

In 2X or 4X AD and DD operatin g mod es, the Extern al Ref Clock Frequen cy M enu is reach ed from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/INPUT/REF_FRQ).

Function button s #1 (1X_REF) an d #3 (2X_REF) select th e frequency of the e xtern al r eference clock source when REF_AES or REFWCLK ar e selected in the A/D Refer ence Clock Men u and the frequency of the reference word clock output of the Model Two when MASTER is selected in the A/D Reference Clock Menu. See NOTE on page 27.

Monitor Digital Input Format Menu

In 88.2 kHz (2_X) AD operating mode, the Monitor Digital Input Format Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/INPUT/FORMAT).

Function button #1 (1_WIRE) selects single wire, double speed AES as the digital input

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format, button #3 (2_WIRE) selects two wir e, sin gle speed AES as the digital input f ormat. Pressing ENTER activates the selection.

Digital Input Menu

In all DD operating m od es, th e Di gital Input M en u is r each ed fr om the Operating Men u by selecting (SETUP/INPUT). This menu appears in different forms depending on whether 1_X, 2_X or 4_X digital input DD operating modes are selected.

In 44.1 kHz (1_X) DD input modes:

Function button #1 (HDCDBIT) selects the Digital Input HDCD Code Detect Menu, button #3 (HDCD_IN) selects the Digital Input HDCD_16 Decoding Menu, button #5 (REF_CLK) selects the Digital In Refer ence Clock M en u. M enu d escripti ons ar e on pgs . 56, 57 an d 58.

In 88.2 kHz (2_X) DD input modes:

Function button #1 (HDCDBIT) selects the Digital Input HDCD Code Detect Menu, button #2 (FILTERS) selects the 2X to 1X Filter Mode Menu, button #3 (REF_CLK) selects the Digital In Reference Clock Menu, button #4 (REF_FRQ) selects the External Ref Clock Frequency Menu an d button #5 (FORMAT) selects the Digital Input Format Menu. Descripti ons of these menus are on pages 55, 56, 57 and 58. In 176 kHz (4_X) DD input modes the Digital Input Menu is the same as in 88.2 kHz modes, except that function button #5 (FORMAT) is deleted.

Digital Input HDCD Code Detect Menu

In all DD operating modes, the Digital Input HDCD Code Detect Menu is reached from the

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Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/INPUT/HDCDBIT).

Function buttons 1-3 select the digital input HDCD code detect word length. Pressing ENTER activates the selected word length.

The Digital Input HDCD Cod e Detect Menu is used to set th e word length o f HDCD LSB code detection in th e digital input si gn al. Even if th e input si gnal is HDCD, HDCD cod e will n ot be detected if the Code Detect setting is different from the word length of the input signal.

Digital Input HDCD_16 Decoding Menu

In DD44-44, DD44-88 or DD44-176 operating m odes, th e Digital Input HDCD_16 Decodin g Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/INPUT/HDCD_IN).

Function button # 1 (DCODE_16) toggles between HDCD 16-bit amplitu d e d ecodin g ON or OFF . Button # 3 (SCALING) toggles between autom atic 6 dB input level gain scalin g ON or OFF . T oggling DCODE_16 to ON decodes , with automatic - 6 dB level scaling for Peak Extend ed signals, an HDCD 16-bit amplitude encoded input signal to a 24-bit signal that can be adjusted in level using DSP Gain and output as an HDCD 24-bit or 20-bit signal, and in DD44-44 mode, simultaneously as an HDCD 16-bit signal. Toggling SCALING to ON also scales the input level to - 6 dB for n on Peak Exten ded sign als, so that the aver age levels of peak extended and non-peak extended signals will match.

2X To 1X Filter Mode Menu

In DD88-44 and DD176-44 operatin g modes, th e 2X to 1X Filter Mode M enu is reach ed from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/INPUT/FILTERS).

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The 2X to 1X Filter Mod e Men u provi d es the sam e d ecim ation filter ch oices f or 2X di gital input signals as the A/D Filter Mode Menu described on page 53.

Digital In Reference Clock Menu

In all DD operating modes, the Digital In Reference Clock Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/INPUT/REF_CLK).

Function button #1 (DI G_IN) selects the digital input data as th e clock source, button #2 (REF_AES) selects the clock connected to the AES In Ref input, button #3 (REFWCLK) selects an external wor d clock connected to the W ord Clock Ref connector an d button #5 (MASTER) selects the Model Two’s internal clock and feeds it to the Word Clock Ref connector, providing a master word clock output.

The Digital In Reference Clock Menu is used to select the D/A converter clock source when monitoring digital input signals while in DD operating modes. See page 26.

Digital Input Format Menu

In 88.2 kHz (2_X) input DD operating mode, the Digital Input Format Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/INPUT/FORMAT).

Function button #1 (1_WIRE) selects single wire, double speed AES as the digital input

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format, button #3 (2_WIRE) selects two wir e, sin gle speed AES as the digital input f ormat. Pressing ENTER activates the selection.

Recall Presets Menu

The Recall Presets Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/PRESETS).

The Rotary Control is used to scroll through the stored presets. A brief description of the highlighted pr eset is displayed on the m enu. For e xample , the descripti on for the AD1X-24 preset is “FIXED: ANALOG to 1X HDCD24“. Function button #1 (RECALL) selects the highlighted pr eset. When a pr eset is selected , th e f ollowin g messag e is displayed: “Recall this preset? Press ENTER to recall, or any other key to cancel”. Pressing ENTER configures the system with the preset’s contents.

Note: All System Menu settings (Front Panel Display, Analog Polarity and DAC-System Optimize) and Meter Setup M enu settings ar e not chang ed durin g preset loading.

Caution:

selecting a different preset may change the Monitor Level setting! System Menu

The System Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/MORE.../SYSTEM).

Function button #1 (PANEL) selects the Front Panel Display Menu. Button #3 (POLARTY) selects the Analog Polarity Menu. Button #5 (DAC_OPT) selects the DAC-System Optimize Menu. Descriptions of these Menus are on pages 60 and 61.

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Front Panel Display Menu

The Front Panel Display Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/MORE.../SYSTEM/PANEL).

After pressing a function button, the Rotary Control is used to change the value of the selected item. Button #1 (CONTRST) selects Graphic Display con trast, button #2 (BRI GHT) selects Graphic Display brightness, button #3 (STATUS) selects System Status Indicator and Clock Indi cator brightness, an d button #4 (BARGRPH) selects Signal Level M eter bargraph brightness. All contrast and brightness setting ranges are from 0 (off) to 254 (full contrast/brightness). Button #5 (UNDO) cancels the setting change and ENTER activates the new setting. Once set, values are not altered during the loading or saving of presets or during power down.

Analog Polarity Menu

The Analog Polarity Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/MORE.../SYSTEM/POLARTY).

The function button s select the XLR conn ector pin polarity of the Analog Input an d Output ports. Button #1 (PIN2HOT) selects pin 2 hot and button #3 (PIN3H OT) selects pin 3 hot. Pressing ENTER activates the selected polarity. The analog polarity setting is not altered during the loading or saving of presets or during power down.

Note: The Analog Polarity Menu is used to set th e fixed polarity of th e analog I/O . The Monitor Setup Men u should be used to change polarity temporarily while monitoring.

DAC-System Optimize Menu

The DAC-System Optimize Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/MORE.../SYSTEM/DAC_OPT).

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Function button #1 (1XOP) toggles between three levels of DAC dither for 44.1 kHz (1_X) signals . Button #3 toggles between four levels of DA C dither for 88.2/176.4 kHz (2_X/4_X) signals . Once set, values are not alter ed during the loading or saving of presets or during power down. See further description on page 32.

Monitor Setup Menu

The Monitor Setup Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/MORE.../MONITOR).

Function button #1 (PHASE) toggles the analog output (D/A) monitor phase setting between normal (N ORMAL) and inverted (INVERT), button #2 (MONHD16) toggles HDCD 16bit amplitude decoding of the monitor output between AUTO, ON, and OFF.

AUTO = Monitor decoding follows the monitor source. ON = Monitor always attempts to decode.

OFF = Monitor never attempts to decode. Toggling MONHD16 to OFF turns off amplitude decoding of Peak Extension and Low Level Extension. This allows using DSP gain to optimize peak extended levels for undecoded playback. Function button #3 (SCALING) selects between ON and OFF - 6 dB output level scaling. ON scales the monitor output level to - 6 dB for all signals except HDCD 16-bit signals recorded with peak extension, so that the average levels of peak extended and non-peak extended signals match.

Meter Setup Menu

The Meter Setup Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/MORE.../ METER).

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Function button #1 (PEAKHLD) toggles between four peak level hold settings. HOLD holds peaks until cleared by the Meter Reset Button, LONG - peaks held for 4 seconds, SHORT - peaks held for 1.5 seconds, and NONE - peaks not held. Button #2 (OVRLD_1) selects the Meter Overload Li ght #1 M enu an d button #3 (OVRLD_2) selects the Meter Overload Light #2 Menu. Button #4 (FINEREF) enables the Rotary Con trol to chang e the fine r eference level settin g. The fine r eference level ran ge is from -6 to -21 dBfs in 1 dB steps. Pr essing ENTER activates the selected level. Note that th e fine referen ce level is purely a metering fun ction and does not affect signal input or output levels. Button #5 (DISPLAY) selects between a standard peak reading bar (PEAKB AR), and an averag e readin g bar with a single pip peak in dication (A VRG/PK). AVRG/PK mod e displays both aver ag e levels, whi ch d etermin e per ceived lou dness and channel balance, and peak digital signal levels at the same time. The DISPLAY setting is not stored in presets.

Meter Overload Light #1 Menu

The Meter Overload Light #1 Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/MORE.../METER/OVRLD_1).

Function button #1 (THRSHLD) enables the Rotary Control to change the overload light threshold settin g. The thr eshold r ang e for ligh t #1 is from 1 to 4 su ccessive full scale data words. Button #2 (HOLD) toggles between overload light hold ON and OFF. When hold is on, the overload light remains lit until cleared by the Meter Reset Button. When hold is off, the overload light follows the peak hold setting defined in the Meter Setup Menu. Button #5 (UNDO) cancels the setting change and ENTER activates the selection.

Meter Overload Light #2 Menu

The Meter Overload Light #2 Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/MORE.../METER/OVRLD_2).

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The Meter Overload Li ght #2 Men u is the sam e as the Meter Overload Li ght #1 M enu ex cept that the thresh old rang e for li ght #2 is from 0 to 3 su ccessive full scale data wor ds greater than the setting f or li ght #1. For e x ample , if th e thr esh old o f li ght #1 is set to 1, li gh t #2 can be set to a threshold o f 1 to 4. If light #1 is set to 2, li ght #2 can be set to 2 to 5, an d so on.

Store Presets Menu

The Store Presets Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/MORE.../STORE_P).

The Rotary Control is used to scroll through the presets. A brief preset description is displayed on menu line six. The description for blank presets is “UNUSED”. Factory installed presets are indicated in parenthesis and cannot be stored, renamed, or erased. Function button #1 (STORE) selects the Store Preset Menu and function button #2 (RENAME) selects the Rename Preset Menu. Descriptions of these menus are below and on page 64. Functi on button #3 (CLEAR) erases the selected pr eset. After pressin g button #3, the following message will be displayed: “Erase this preset? Press ENTER to erase, or any other key to cancel”. Pressing ENTER will erase the selected preset.

Store Preset Menu

The Store Preset Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/MORE.../STORE_P/STORE).

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The Rotary Control is used to scroll through the available character set which includes letters, numbers, and symbols. Function buttons #1 and #2 move the active data entry point left and ri ght thr ough the d ata fi elds. Th e NAME field h olds a m aximum o f 8 char acters, and the DESCRIPTION field holds a maximum of 28 characters. Pressing button #3 (DONE) displays the followin g message “Accept these chang es? Press ENTER to confirm, or any other k ey to cancel”. Pressing ENTER saves the curr ent system confi gurati on and n ame entered as a preset and returns to the Store Presets Menu.

Rename Preset Menu

The Rename Preset Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/MORE.../STORE_P/RENAME).

The Renam e Preset M en u is used to r enam e a curr ent pr eset. This m en u is th e same as th e Store Preset M en u, e xcept that only th e new name, and not th e curr en t system confi gur ation is saved.

Test Functions Menu

The Test Functions Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/MORE.../MORE.../TEST).

Selecting METER LAMPTST lights all of the meter LED’s. Selecting METER WALKBIT lights each of the meter LED’s sequentially. Selecting METER NORMAL returns the system status indicators an d level meters to n orm al operati on. CD is f or test purposes only, and must be left in NORMAL for correct level metering.

The ADT, DAT and DO sub-menus are for field service and manufacturing test only.

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Software Version Menu

The Software Version Menu is reached from the Operating Menu by selecting (SETUP/MORE.../MORE.../VERSION).

There are no selections on this menu. It displays software version and hardware revision status information only. Please have this information available when contacting Pacific Microsonics Technical Support.

System Software Download

Background

To allow performance or feature upgrades, new Model Two system software can be downloaded through the RS-232 serial communication port located on the rear panel. The software is encrypted, and download verification steps ensure that the code is properly decrypted and fun ctional. The d ownload process does not typi cally erase or overwrite userdefined presets. System software upd ates are provi ded on floppy disk for PC-based system s. Futur e updates may also be provided through modem downloads.

CAUTION: Existing system software and setup parameters (but not user generated presets) are deleted during download. Model Twos are supplied with a floppy disk containing the installed system software version to allow reloading. If you are not familiar with using and setting up Windows on a PC, you should have someone else who is perform this procedure, or call Pacific Microsonics for help.

Required Equipment

To download new system software, the following items are required:

1. The new Mod el Two system softwar e version, provi ded as a he x format ASCII file , which is contained in the software distribution floppy disk.

2. A PC running Windows 3.11 or Windows 95/98. The PC must be able to send & receive ASCII files over an RS-232 serial communication port at 9600, 19200, 38400 or 57600 baud rates.

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3. An RS-232 null modem seri al data comm unication cable , such as a Laplink cable (the correct cable is included with the Model Two). The Model Two has a DB-9 male connector which is configured as a computer (DTE), not a modem.

Download Procedure

1) Set up the Windows communication program to send/receive at an appropriate baud rate. Load the new Model Two software from the floppy onto the PC. For information on settin g up the Win dows com pr ogram, see Appendix on pag e 73.

2) Connect the n ull modem cable between the PC’s Com 1 serial data port and the Model Two’s DB-9 serial data port.

3) From the Model Two’s Operating Menu, select (SETUP/MORE.../MORE...) to get to page 3 of th e Setup Menu. Initiate the system software download procedure by selecting (DOWNLD). The following menu will appear:

Model Two HDCD® User’s Manual

4) Press the ENTER key to begin the d ownload procedure. The message “DETECTED REQUEST TO DOWNLOAD NEW HDCD PROGRAM” will momentarily be displayed, and the following menu will appear:

SELECT BAUD RATE

REMAINING COMM PORT SETTING AVAILABLE PARITY: DON’T CARE DATA BITS: 7 or 8 STOP BITS: 1 9600 19200 38400 57600 CANCEL

5) Press function key #5 (CANCEL) to abort the d ownload process or functi on key 1, 2, 3 or 4 to select the data transfer baud rate corresponding to the baud rate selected on the PC. The following menu will appear:

3. Type uppercase GO to continue

1. Connect to PC with nullmodem cable

2. Type on PC to check connection echo

or Press CANCEL to restart system

CANCEL

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6) Type random characters on the PC keyboard and verify that they appear on its screen. If the characters do not appear, check the setup. The problem may be with the Wind ows comm uni cation program or cable. T ypin g “GO” on th e PC will continue th e download proced ure an d will dump all curr ent system so ftware . DO NOT TYPE “GO” UNLESS YOU ABSOLUTELY WANT TO DOWNLOAD A NEW VERSION OF SYSTEM SOFTWARE. Press CANCEL to abort the download process. After “GO” is typed on the PC, the m essage “ERASING FLASH ROM” will mom entarily appear . A version of the following menu will then appear:

BEGIN SENDING NEW HDCD HEX FILE

AT:57600,N,7/8,1

7) Using the Wind ows communi cation pr ogram, instru ct th e PC to transfer th e n ew file. See Appendix on page 74. During transfer a series of asterisks “*” will be displayed on the PC screen. Wh en file tran sfer is complete, the m essage ”DOWN LOAD SUCCESSFUL” will mom en tarily be displayed on the Model Two. The Mod el Two will then automatically reboot. From the Operating Menu select (SETUP/ PRESETS), and load th e first factory pr eset, AD1X-24. Then from the Oper ating

Menu select (SETUP/MORE.../MORE.../TEST). Select ADT and set ADL to MX. Select DA T and set DD to P0. Set ALL other T est Menu selections to NORMAL! NOTE: It is critical that this is done to ensure correct operation!

8) To verify that the new system software has been properly loaded, check the Software V ersion Menu. Fr om the Operating M enu select (SETUP/MORE.../MORE.../ VERSION). Look to see that the versi on number on the men u matches that o f the newly downloaded software. (Example shown below.)

Self-Test

The Model Two goes into Self-Test mode during power-up. Any faults will be indicated on the System Status Indicator, Clock Indicators, or Graphic Display.

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HDCD Overview

The HDCD® (High Definition Compatible Digital®) process utilizes a sophisticated encoding/decoding system that greatly reduces both additive and subtractive distortions in digital audi o r ecordings, while rem ainin g compatible with all PCM di gital f orm ats , in clu ding Compact Disc and DVD-Audio.

The extraordinary fidelity of the HDCD process is achieved by identifying and correcting previously misunderstood (or unknown) sources of distortion in digital audio reproduction. These include both additive artifacts of the analog-to-digital and digital-to analog conversion and filtering processes that occur with all digital formats, and subtractive distortions r esulting from insuffi cien t data presen t in the 44.1 kHz, 16-bit sampling o f the Compact Disc format. The HDCD process effectively cancels the additive distortions and simultaneously provides additional data to reduce the subtractive distortions. The resulting recordings rival, in resolution and freedom from distortion, the finest analog master tapes, and are compatible with consumer digital audio playback formats and equipment.

HDCD process techniques and terminology are defined in the following sections.

16-bit Encoding

Most of th e intelligen ce of the HDCD process has been in corporated in the M odel Two HDCD Processor, lowering the cost to implement HDCD decoding in consumer equipment. An analog signal fed to the Processor is converted into a digital signal having a 24-bit word length and a samplin g frequency of 176.4 kHz. After d ecimation to 88.2 kHz, a contin uous, real-time an alysis of the si gnal is m ade usin g DSP to determin e what elemen ts beyond the range of conventional 16-bit, 44.1 kHz, formats are perceptually important. The analysis uses algorithms derived from Pacific Microsonics’ research on psychoacoustics and the mechanisms of auditory perception.

Once the perceptually important high-resolution information is identified, it is encoded into a Compact Disc stand ard , 16-bit, 44.1 kHz, linear PCM si gnal using two m ethods . P art of the information is added directly to the 16-bit signal by optimizing utilization of its linear bits, and part is hidden in the LSB of the 16-bit signal. Over time, less than 5% of the LSB is used for the hidden code. The encoded information is inaudible and causes no perceptible loss of information.

16-bit Decoding

When an HDCD encoded signal is fed to conventional playback equipment, the additional information in the signal is perceived as a clear improvement in fidelity. When the same signal is fed to an HDCD decoding system, the information hidden in the LSB tells the system that the sign al is HDCD encod ed , an d directs th e d ecodin g to r econstru ct th e hi gh

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resolution signal, which is then output in the correct form for the D/A converter being used. Decoding can be performed by the Pacific Microsonics PMD-200 HDCD decoder DSP ASIC, other ASI C’s includin g a one chip HDCD d ecoder and 24-bit D/A converter fr om BurrBrown, and HDCD cod ed DSP based chips from Motorola, Analog Devi ces, Zoran, Medi amatics, Crystal Semiconductor and others.

There are two subsets to the HDCD process, 16-bit amplitude domain encoding and time domain en coding. The M odel T wo provid es the option o f turning off d ecoding of th e 16-bit amplitude d om ain fun cti on s o f the HDCD process for m onitoring purposes . This is d one in either the Second Operating Menu, Levels Menu, or Monitor Setup Menu. See pages 41 43, and 61 for additional information. Time domain decoding is automatic with HDCD decoder filtering and cannot be turned off.

HDCD Indicator

The HDCD Indi cator on the M od el T wo con sists o f a blue or amber LED back lit HDCD log o. For additional information, see the HDCD Indicator description on page 18.

Peak Extension and HDCD Limiting

Peak Extension is normally used when converting analog or high resolution 24-bit or 20bit digital signals to HDCD 16-bit amplitude encoded signals. Peak Extension is a digital soft limiter, with a curve that mimics an alog tape saturati on, ex cept that on decodin g the peaks are restor ed. Peak Extensi on can be used f or several purposes: to pr ovi d e h ead r oom to capture occasional peaks or as a method to raise the average signal level to create a “hot” recor ding. P eak e xten sion allows r aisin g the aver ag e level of a r ecor ding as m uch as 6 dB without overload. Of course, like any limiter, if overused it can produce audible distortion when n ot decoded . Decoding r estores the limited peaks , eliminating an y distortion that migh t be audible . Theref ore , when ever peak extensi on is used, the output sh ould be monitored with HDCD 16-bit amplitude decoding both on and off to determine how much peak extension is appropriate. Peak Extension does not need to be used when the original program material has limited dynamic range.

HDCD Limiting is id entical to P eak Exten sion e xcept HDCD Limiting is n ot und one by HDCD playback decoding, and is used for its limiting effect with all types of playback.

The Model Two HDCD Processor has Peak Extension Meters which indicate the extended dynami c r an ge available when in HDCD P eak Extension or HDCD Limiting m od es. The Peak Extension meters ar e only active when m onitoring HDCD 16-bit amplitu de encod ed signals that contain peak exten sion. With HDCD Limiting, th e Peak Exten sion Meters only in dicate during r ecording. P eak Extension and HDCD Limitin g can be turned On or Off in the Second Operating M en u or th e Di gital Output HDCD Setup Menu. The d ef ault is Off. See pag es 35,

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41 and 51 for additional information.

Low Level Extension

Low Level Extension is an average signal level based, low level compression/expansion system used on HDCD 16-bit amplitude encoded recordings which very gradually raises gain a preset amoun t when the aver age sign al level drops below a pr eset threshold . During HDCD 16-bit decoded playback the compression curve is expanded back to linear gain by the HDCD decoder, using a precisely mapped inverse of the curve controlled by a hidden code , pr odu cing a dynami c r ange and resoluti on floor beyon d 16-bit. Low Level Exten si on can be turned On or Off in the Second Operating Menu or the Digital Output HDCD Setup Menu. The default is Off. See pages 36, 41 and 51 for additional information.

Gain Scaling

HDCD 16-bit recordin gs usin g peak extension, wh en decoded, have an in cr ease o f 6 dB in headroom compared to 16-bit recordings without peak extension. Therefore, it is necessary to scale their playback level up by 6 dB to match the average level of non-peak extended 16-bit recordings. Gain scaling is accomplished in the digital domain by the Model T wo, which r edu ces the monitor level by 6dB wh enever a 16-bit si gnal with out peak extension is detected. Gain Scaling can be set to On (automatic) or Off in the Monitor Setup Menu or th e Second Operating M enu. When m onitoring 24-bit or 20-bit sign als, Gain Scaling is normally Off. When monitoring 16-bit signals, scaling is normally On (automatic) and m onitor gain is increased by 6 dB f or HDCD signals with P eak Extend . See pages 42, 57 and 61 for additional information.

Processing HDCD 16-bit Signals

When digital processing of an HDCD encoded 16-bit signal is needed, the Model Two is first used to convert it to a 24-bit or 20-bit word length. When editing or processing is completed, the Model Two is used again to convert the signal back to HDCD 16-bit.

Any process or signal path through which HDCD 16-bit amplitude encoded signals are passed must not affect the bit structure of the signal. Digital processing which alters the data will destroy the HDCD encoded information located within the LSB of the signal. Digital processing includes any level changes, EQ, dither, etc. Butt splices or rapid cross fades are allowable, but certain rules apply. For additional information see page 33.

HDCD Silence

HDCD Silence is automatically generated by the Model Two HDCD Processor when it produces HDCD encoded output with no input program audio. HDCD silence contains dither and HDCD code within th e LSB of the sign al which tells an HDCD decod er that it is an HDCD signal. For additional information see page 33.

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Technical Specifications

Analog Inputs 1 and 2

Connectors: XLR-3-31; Polarity: pin 2 or 3 high (software selected); Sensitivity: +12 dBu to +24 dBu full scale; Impedance: ≥ 13 kΩ balan ced; CMRR: > 80 dB DC to 1 kHz, > 60 dB at 20 kHz.

Analog Outputs 1 and 2

Connectors: XLR-3-32; Polarity : pin 2 or 3 high (softwar e selected); Level: +18 or +24 dBu full scale, set with analog attenuator. All other levels are set by digital attenuation in

0.188 dB steps at 44.1 kHz and 48 kHz. At 88.2 kHz and above, digital attenuation is in

0.1 dB steps.; Impedance: 20 Ω balanced.

Digital Inputs 1 and 2

Signal Format: AES3 16-bit to 24-bit, single wire at 44.1 kHz and 48 kHz, single wire or two wire at 88.2 kHz and 96 kHz, two wir e at 176.4 kHz an d 192 kHz; Conn ectors: XLR-331; Level RS-422; Impedance: 110 Ω balanced.

Digital Outputs 1 and 2

Signal Form at: AES3 16-bit, 20-bit, 24-bit, single wire at 44.1 kHz an d 48 kHz, single wir e or two wire at 88.2 kHz and 96 kHz, two wir e at 176.4 kHz and 192 kHz; Connectors: XLR3-32; Level: RS-422; Impedance: 110 Ω balanced. (Output 1 and 2 word lengths may be independently set at 44.1 kHz and 48 kHz)

Digital Reference Input

Signal Format: AES3 16-bit to 24-bit, 44.1 kHz, 48 kHz, 88.2 kHz and 96 kHz; Connector: XLR-3-31; Level: RS-422; Impedance: 110 Ω balanced.

Word Clock Input/Output

Signal Form at: 44.1 kHz, 48 kHz, 88.2 kHz and 96 kHz squar e wave; Connector: BNC; Input Level: TTL; Impedance: 75 Ω. Model Twos have isolated high impedance bridging word clock inputs and require an external 75 Ω termination. This allows multiple units to be “daisy chained” for synchronous operation with the last unit in the chain terminated by 75 Ω. The 75 Ω word clock output is AC coupled to prevent ground loops and can be connected to most equipment with CMOS “TTL compatible” 75 Ω word clock inputs.

Serial Data I/O

Signal Format: RS-232; Connector: D-Sub 9-pin, DTE. (Used for downloading system software from an external source)

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User Set-Up and Operating Interface

A backlit, dot matrix gr aphic display, rotary optical encoder, and soft-configur ed switches allow multimode, multilevel, software based configuration of all setup and operating parameters. Multiple setup configurations may be loaded into user labeled presets for instant access.

Signal Level Meters

Two channel, 66 dB range, four color LED bar graph. “Peak” and “Over” indication are selectable for duration and sensitivity, reference level is variable from -6 dB to -21 dB in 1 dB steps, reference level set mode provides .2 dB per segment resolution, calibrated digital sign al word len gth display mod e , 6 dB HDCD 16-bit “P eak Exten d” level indi cation, display reset, variable brightness. Peak bar or simultaneous average bar with peak dot display modes.

HDCD Signal Processing

Eight M otor ola 56009 DSPs and on e Pacific Micr osoni cs PMD-100 HDCD d ecod er ASI C control A/D conversion, sampling rate conversion, word length conversion, digital gain adjustment, HDCD encoding and decoding and D/A conversion.

A/D and D/A Conversion Reclocking

Jitter rejection knee: A/D < 1 Hz (jitter reduction at 100 Hz > 80 dB), D/A < 2.5 Hz.

AC Power Requirements

100/120/220/240 V + 5% - 10%, 50/60 Hz, 200 Watts.

Dimensions

Processor Unit: 5.25” H x 19” W x 19.5” D (133 mm x 483 mm x 495 mm)

Enclosure is 17” W (432 mm) behind front panel.

Power Supply: 2.5” H x 14” W x 12.25” D (64 mm x 356 mm x 311 mm)

Weight

Processor Unit: 35 lbs. (16 kg.) Power Supply: 20 lbs. (9 kg.) Custom ATA Case: 41 lbs. (19 kg.)

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Appendix

Setting Up Communications on a PC Using Windows 3.11

Start Windows and open up the Accessories Program Manager Box, by double clicking on the Accessori es Icon. Double click on the T erminal Icon. Usin g the communicati ons program’s pull down menu, select “Settin gs”. Select th e f ollowin g settin gs:

COMMUNICATIONS TERMINAL EMULATION TERMINAL PREFERENCES Baud Rate = 19200 DEC VT-100 [ANSI] Local Echo = Off Data Bits = 8 Stop Bits = 1 Parity = None Flow Control = None Connector = COM1

Click on “OK” to accept these settings. The Windows communications program is now in terminal mode with a direct connection to Com 1.

Setting Up Communications on a PC Using Windows 95/98

Start Windows an d g o to th e Start I con, th en Pr ogr am s , th en A ccessori es , th en Comm unications, and finally HyperTerminal. The HyperTerminal Dialog Box will open. Select the Hypertrm.exe program icon by double clicking on it. The HyperTerminal communications program will start. (A ssign an easy to rem ember name to th e connection confi guration file you are creatin g - you may be using the sam e program and conn ection configurati on file to upgrade Model Two software in the future).

The Connect To option box will open. Select “Direct to Com 1” then click on “OK” to accept. The Com 1 Properties Box will open. Select the following settings:

Baud Rate = 57600 Data Bits = 8 Stop Bits = 1 Parity = None Flow Control = None

Click on “OK” to accept these settings. Go to the Windows communication program’s pull down menu item “File”, and then “Properties”. The ‘configuration file name’ Properties Dialog Box will open (where the configuration file name will be the name you have selected). Select the “Settings” Tab, then “ASCII Setup” Box. The ASCII Setup Dialog Box

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will open. Make sur e that th e “Ech o typed char acters locally” bo x is n ot ch eck ed . Cli ck on “OK” to accept these ASCII settings , then click “OK” again to accept the ‘confi guration file name’ properties. The Windows HyperTerminal program is now in terminal mode with a direct connection to Com 1.

Beginning File Transfer from the PC

Using th e Windows communicati ons program pull d own menu, select “T ransfer”, then “Sen d Text File”. The Send Text File Dialog Box will be displayed. Select “All File Types” and navigate to th e subdirectory that con tain s th e M odel T wo software file to be download ed . Scroll to the file and highlight it. Press “Enter” on the PC’s keyboard to begin downloading. During d ownloading, the Wind ows communication pr ogram screen will have a series o f asterisks “*” scrolling across it. Downloading will take appr o xim ately 6 minutes at 19200 baud or approximately 3 minutes at 57600 baud. When the Windows communications program has finish ed downloadin g the file , it will display “DONE” on th e PC screen. A t the same time, the Model Two will display “DOWNLOAD SUCCESSFUL” and then automatically reboot to load the new software.

CAUTION: After installing new so ftwar e in the Model Tw o it is essential to verify that all Test Functions Menu settings are correct using the following procedure:

From the Oper ating Men u select (SETUP/PRESETS), an d load the first factory pr eset, AD1X-

24. Then from th e Operatin g Men u select (SETUP/MORE.../M ORE... /TEST). Select the ADT

sub-menu and set ADL to MX. Select the DAT sub-menu and set DD to PO. V erify that ALL other Test Functions Menu and sub-menu selections are set to NORMAL!

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Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual