Pacemaker 34 SPEED GRAPHIC, 45 SPEED GRAPHIC, 23 SPEED GRAPHIC, 45 CROWN GRAPHIC, 23 CROWN GRAPHIC Instruction And Reference Manual

SPEED

GRAPHIC

AND

CROWN

GRAPHIC

"

45

"

"

34

"

"23

"

. .

INSTRUCTION

AND

REFERENCE

MANUAL

I

mportant

Features.

Opening the Camera

Focusing

Infinity Stops
Focusing Scales
Rangefinder
Ground Glass

Viewfinders

Tubular
Open

Finder

.

TA

BLE

OF CONTENTS

The

Adj listable

Handle

Holding Camera ....................... .

Body Release ..................... .

Shutter

Selector Slide

Camera

Shutters

Focal

Plane

GRAPHEX

and

GRAPHEX

(X)

Flash

Supermatic

and

Supermatic

(X)

Correct Exposure
Stopping Motion
Depth

of Field

Front

Movements.
Lenses and Lensboards
Coated Lenses
Telephoto Lenses .
Long Bellows Extension .

..

.... .

....... .

Double Extension

(Close-up Photography)

Wide

Angle Lens (Drop Bed)

Film

and

Plate

Attachments .............. .

Film

Pack

Adapter

Sheet

Film

Holders

.

Fitting

Holders to

the

Camera

.

Tripod

Socket
Closing the Camera
Care

and

Servicing .

Handle

Your Camera Carefully

..
Emergency Attention
Technical

and

Service Departments

.......

...

....

. .

1

3

3
5

6
7

9

10
10

11

12
12

13
13

18

21

25

26
28
29

31

32

33

34

35

36

37
38
38

39
39

40
40
40

41

42

Fig. 1

Important

Operational

Instructions

Concerning

the

All-New

Pacemaker

GRAPHICS.

Read

Carefully

to

Get

The

Most

Enjoyment

From

Your

New

Camera

You have

pur

chased

an

entirely

new camera . Before

starting

to use it, check

it thoroughly with this

manual

to

be sure that

you will be able to utilize to

the

best

advantage all of

the

careful

attention

to

design a

nd

construction

which

have gone in

to

this camera.

In

par

ticul

ar

it

would

be

well

to

pay

close at-

tention

to

the

proper

use of

the

following new fea

tur

es:

1.

New simplified

GRAFLEX

Focal Plane

Shutter

(on Speed

GRAPHICS)

2. New Body Release

3. New stainless steel

front

with provision

for

tilting

lens on axis

4. New hinged infinity stops

5. New stainless steel open

frame

finder

6. New cast magnesium

back

with removable focusing hood

1

All six of

the

new

Pacemaker

GRAPHIC

cameras have the same general

design, construction

and

operational features.

The

Crown

GRAPHIC

and

the

Speed

GRAPHIC

cameras are fundamentally the same except for

the

focal

plane

shutter

which is found only

in

the Speed

GRAPHIC

cameras.

This

booklet will cover both models, Speed

and

Crown, as well as all

three

sizes of

cameras- "23", "34",

and

"45". These numbers

are

derived from

the

film sizes

of 2

'\4x3

'\4

, 3'\4x4

'\4

and 4.x5

accepted by the respective sizes of

the

Pace-

maker

GRAPHICS.

Your new

Pacemaker

GRAPHIC

camera has been designed

and

engineered

to provide you with a truly versatile and dependable camera.

It

includes not

only

the

many advantages previously

built

into

the

GRAPHIC

cameras

but

also incorporates many new features which will be described more fully

in

the

following sections of this booklet.

The

Pacemaker

GRAPHIC

cameras

can

be used

for

action, press, personal

photography, the copying or photographing of small subjects

in

actual size and

of course for the

making

of fine portraits indoors

and

out.

The

GRAPHICS

will

be

found to be especially useful by the working photographer who must

have

at

hand

a versatile camera

capable

of performing many different as·

signments.

A few of the most

important

features

built

into these cameras include the

wholly new, simplified, focal plane

shutter

in

the Speed

GRAPHIC

cameras

for high speed photography, double extension bellows for one to one copying

or

the

use of very long focal

length

lenses.

The

all metal interchangeable lens·

boards

allow

the

use of many different types of lenses

and

the

locking drop

bed as well as the special

linked

track

permit

critical focusing even when

using

wide·angle lenses. A new feature

built

into these cameras allows

the

use

of

an

infinity stop

and

focusing scales with wide-angle lenses.

The

unique

in-

finity stops also

permit

the

use of numerous lenses interchangeably without

removing

or

readjusting

any

pair

or pairs of infinity stops.

Thu

s the camera

may be scaled for use

with

a wide-angle, a normal

and

a telephoto lens.

References to the

right

or

left

side of the camera

refer

to

parts

of

the

camera

when viewed from the

back

or

operating

position, unless otherwise

stated.

2

Opening

The

Camera

With

the

camera

firmly supported by the left

hand

press the small release

button

at

the

upp

er left corner of the front of

the

camera

body.

The

kickout

spring

will

then

push

the

bed forward slightly

so

that

it

may be grasped

and

pulled downward

to

the

full locked position.

It

is not recommended

that

it

be

allowed

to

drop down with a snap.

The

front

standard

lock which is

in

the

form of a single finger

pull

should

then be swung directly forward unlocking the front

standard

and

allowing

it

to

be moved forward over the sliding

track

out

against the two infinity stops. *

In

order

to keep

both

sides of the

front

standard

firmly against the infinity stops

when locking

the

front s

tandard

grasp

the

lock

and

the

side of the front

standard

between th e

thumb

and

the

forefinger, pushing the lock to the

right

or

left

until

it

begins

to

tighten.

It

is not necessary to

turn

this lock all of

the way around

but

merely until

it

begins to tighten in which . position the

front

s:andard

will be held firmly on the sliding

track

by means of two flat plates

forced upward against the

track

itself.

Th

e camera is

then

ready for focusing upon infinity or nearby distances by

means of

either

of the two focusing knobs located

on

the

right

and

left

sides

of the

camera

bed

.

'To close the camera,

FIRST

rack

the

track

all

the

way

back into the camera

body.

Then

unlo'ck

the

front

standard

by

~winging

the finger

pull

forward. Move

the entire front

standard

back

into

the camera

body

as

far

as

possible and

lock

it

in place. Depress

the

two braces on

either

side of the bed

and

push

it

upward

until

it

snaps

securely into place.

Infinity

Stops

The

infinity stops fitted

to

the new

GRAPHIC

cameras

represent

several

advancements in design.

Of principle

interest

is the hinged member. As the

camera

was delive

red

to you, the infinity stops were undoubtedly in the raised

position. Now with the finger move

them

sideward

and

downward.

(Figure

2) .

It

will

then

be possible to pull

the

front

standard

forward as far as possible,

even out to

th

e full extension of

the

track. As shown in

Figure

15

two or even

more sets of infinity stops

and

appropriate foc

using scales may thus b

e.

used

with the

Pacemaker

GRAPHIC

cameras.

':'Note:

The

stops are actually constant reference points

and

the lens must be

focused

on

infinity by use of the focusing scale, the ground glass, or accessory

coupled rangefinder.

3

4

The 4 x 5 Pacemaker Speed

GRAPHIC

Fig.

2.

The camera shown above is equipped with

GRAPHEX

(X)

Shutter, accessory rangefinder and Solenoid Release.

All

opera·

tional features portrayed in this illustration

(e~cepting

the focal

plane shuuer panel) are the same in the new Pacemaker

Crown

GRAPHIC.

Occasion may arise as a result of accident, preference

in

method of use

or

any of a

number

of

other

reasons wherein

it

may be desired to

check

the

sharpness of the image carefully

on

the

ground

glass focusing screen even

though the

camera

may be

equipped

with focusing scales

calibrated

for

the

le

ns

in

use. These have all been

taken

into consideration

in

your new Pace-

maker

GRAPHIC

and

in

order to allow this careful check to

be

made without

the

necessity of moving the infinity stops they have

been

set

back

slightly from

what has been known as the

infinity position.

Thus

they may be said to be

"constant

reference"

instead of "infinity stops" of

the

usual type. As a result,

when the cam e

ra

is opened,

it

will be necessary to

rack

the

sliding

track

l:!ack

only

until

the two lines

indicating

the

infinity position on the focusing scales are

properly aligned with each other.

It

should be noted

that

in

order

to focus

the

lens

on

any

subject

at

a distance of more

than 4 or

6 feet when

the

bed

is

opened,

it

is necessary to move

the

sliding

track

backward,

so

that

this new

convenience will

require

little, if any, change

in

the accustomed

manner

of

preparing

the

camera

for

picture

making.

Of course, if

it

is desired to be able to move the front

standard

out

directly

to

what is known

as

the infinity position, these infinity stops may

be

moved

forward

as

desired.

This

is best accomplished only by a competent

camera

serviceman with

proper

equipment

for

squaring

the

front

standard,

relocating

and

relocking the infinity stops.

Foc

using

With

the

camera

bed

in

the

horizontal position

and

the

front

standard

locked

against the infinity stops, the sliding track may be

racked

forward or

back-

ward by means of either of the two knobs

at

the sides of the bed. Focusing

may be accomplished through the use of the focusing scale on the

bed

of

the

camera, an accessory coupled rangefinder, or by checking

the

sharpness of

the image

on

the

ground

glass focusing screen

at

the

back

of the camera. Only

the

latter

also

permits

checking for composition

and

depth

of field.

This

method will be more fully discussed

in

succeeding sections of this booklet.

Focusi

ng

Scales

The

focusing scales on the

GHAPHIC

cameras

are

of the modified Vernier

type with one

part

carried

on

the

camera

bed

and

the

other

on the sliding

track.

The

distances indicated are measured from the

back

of the

camera

to

the subject.

It

will be noted

that

both

of the scales

carry

duplicate distance

5

Fig.

3.

Modified Vernier Focusing

Scales

markings for the

greater

distances.

To use one of these settings,

turn

the

focusing knob

until

the

lines corre-

sponding

to

the desired distance

on

both

parts

of the focusing scale lie

directly opposite each other.

For

closer distances, the

pointer

at

the

front of

the

movable scale should be

placed directly opposite

the

line

in-

dicating the desired distance on the

stationary scale.

This

type of scale

is easier

and

quicker

to

read

than

the full Vernier or a

standard

type scale with a single movable index line.

The

lens of your

camera

has been supplied with

the

focusing scale calibrated

especially for it. To use this scale with any

other

lens, even of

the

same make,

speed

and

rated focal length, may result in out-of·focus pictures.

When

several lenses are to be used interchangeably on the camera, new in-

finity stops

and

Vernier scales

can

be fitted to

the

camera

bed. However,

the

proper

scaling of a l

ens

requires special

equipment

and

it

is best done only

at

one of the authorized

GRAFLEX

Service Departments.

At

the

right

front corner of the camera bed will be found a t

rack

lock in

the

form of a lever on

the

larger

GRAPHIC

cameras. Because of space limitations

in

the

GRAPHIC

"23"

cameras, there is a small set screw which may

be

adjusted

to

provide desired tension of the focusing track.

The

lever of

the

larger

cameras may be pulled outward

in

order

to produce desired tension on

the track.

If

pulled firmly around as far as possible,

it

will lock the

track

so

tbat

it

cannot

be moved accidentally. Remember

that

this must be unlocked

before attempting to

turn

the focusing knob since otherwise the bed mechanism

is

like

ly

to

be

damaged.

Rangefinder

If

the camera is fitted with a coupled rangefinder,

it

will not

be

necessary to

refer to

the

focusing scale

or

to

the

ground glass.

The

rangefinder will be of

6

the coincidental type. By looking through the window

at

the

rear

of

the

range finder

it

will be possible to see two distinct areas one lying within the

other. As the lens is focused

in

the normal manner, the rangefinder mechanism

will be operated

in

such a way as to cause the centrally located image to move

vertically. When the image

in

this

area

exactly coincides with the image

in

the

larger

area,

the

range

finder will be

in

correct

adjustment

for

that

subject

or

any

other

subject

matter

at

an

equal di stance from the camera.

If

the lens

on the camera is the one for which

the

rangefinder was originally adjusted,

it

will then be

in

focus

and

the exposure may be

made

with full assurance

that

the image will be critically sharp in the finished picture .

Ground

Glass F

ocusin

g

All

GRAPHI

C came

ras

are equipped

with

a ground glass focusing panel

at

the

back

of the camera.

In

the

GRAFLEX

back

this is

in

the form of a separate

removable

GRAFLEX

focusing panel, now supplied as a

standard

part

of the

camera.

In

the

GRAPHIC

back

this focusing panel will

be

found permanently

attached

by means of springs

at

the top

and

bottom.

The

ground

glass is mad e accessible by pressing inward on the small

latch

at

th e

back

which will allow the four·sided all· metal viewing hood

to

spring

open.

If

it

is desired to examine the

~

orners

or sides of the

ground

glass area

directly

with'

or

without the aid of a magnifying glass

the

viewing hood may

be removed easily by pressing outward

on

either of the two clips or springs

at

Fig.

4.

Viewing hood may

be

closed

with one hand.

Fig.

5.

Four sided all·metal removab!e

viewing hood.

7

the sides of the panel.

It

will be found easier to remove this viewing hood if

it

is

in

the open position

rather

than

closed .

In

order

to see

the

image

on

the

ground

glass focusing screen,

it

will be necessary to open both

the

front

and

focal plane shutters by setting them to the T

and

0 positions as directed

in

the

sections devoted to those shutters.

To close

the

viewing hood press inward with

the

thumb

and

the

forefinger

on

the

two lower side members

and

upward

on

the long lower section. Move

this all of

the

way

upward

into the

back

of the

camera

and then fold the top

door down unti l

it

latches. See

Figure

4.

In

the event

that

the

top door and its

attached

wings

spring

free, fold

the

lower flap all of the way up, swing the wings in against the top door

and

pull

it

down to latch. Upon release, the hood will

spring

open properly.

The

ground glass focusing screen will make

it

possible to

check

the

sharp-

ness of

the

image by moving the lens forward

or

backward by means of the

focusing knob on

the

bed

of the camera. Closing the

diaphragm

from the full

open position will also

make

it

possible

to

determine the

depth

of field which

will be included

in

the finished picture.

After

ground

glass focusing has

been

accomplished, lock the sliding

track

with the

track

lock mentioned before.

Remember

to close

and

cock the

shutter

which is to be used for

the

making

of

the

picture before

inserting

the film

attachment

into the camera.

Vi

ew

find

ers

Composition of

the

subject

matter may be accomplished by

anyone

of

three

different methods with

the

GRAPHIC

cameras.

The

ground

glass focusing screen

has already been discussed.

Your

Pacemaker

GRAPHIC

has two types of viewfinders,

either

of which

may be used when

it

is

inconvenient to

refer

to the

ground

glass.

Viewfinders

in

general should not

be

relied upon to give

an

exceedingly

accurate indication of the

amount

of

subject

matter

to be secured

on

the

negative, since the

amount

of subj

ect

matter

which will be seen depends largely

upon the position

at

which

the

obs erver holds his eye- a

factor

which varies

considerably between individuals

and

is greatly influenced by whether

or

not

the

user wears glasses.

The

optical viewfinder is often preferred in

order

to

define the limits of the field since this finder may

be

fitted with masks of

different sizes. However,

many

photographers

prefer

the

open framefinder for

all types of photography .

rather

than

merely for action photography. Both

finders are used

to

best advantage when the eye is held as close

as

possible to

the

rear

element.

8

Fig.

6.

Optical Tubular

Viewfinder.

Removable

from ' camera.

Adjustment

for parallax

and

masks for

use

with

lenses

of

different

focal lengths.

Tubular Vi ewfinder

The

tubular

optical viewfinder fitted to

the

top of

the

camera

consists of a

special molded die cast magnesium housing fitted

to

its mounting shoe at-

taclled

to

the camera body.

It

includes improved optics and a special

adjustment

to

compensate for vertical and horizontal displacement

parallax

of the finder

with respect

to

the axis of the lens.

The

small dial

at

the

back

of the finder has

four

markings

.which

can

be aligned with

the

white line

at

the top of

the

finder. Notches assist

in

locating these

four

points

so

that

subjects

at

distances

of 6, 8,

15

feet

and

infinity will be properly centered by the

camera

lens

on

the ground glass when

the

subject

is centered

in

the

finder.

In

order

to utilize

this feature fully be

sure

to

line

up

the

eye

with

the

center

of

both

the front

and

rear

lenses of the viewfinder.

In

order

to

properly define the limits of

the

field which

the

lens will include

on the film, the

front

of the finder may

be

fitted with masks of various sizes.

Figure

6 shows one of these masks partially inserted. As indicated in the

following table, masks

are

available

to

correspond with the fields covered by

lenses

of

normal

and

long focal lengths,

including

telephoto lenses.

No

masks

are provided for wide angle lenses since

the

optical system of

the

finder does not

include a

large

enough field.

Should

it

be

desired to remove the optical viewfinder from

the

top of the

camera

in

order

to use

it

in

determining composition from various angles or

for

the fitting of some other accessory

to

the

camera, depress the flat

spring

located

at

the

left side of the front of

the

finder.

Then

slide the entire finder

forward out of its mounting shoe.

9

Table

Showing

Standard Masks

and

Lenses

Served

by·

Each

on

Various

GRAPHIC

CaIIleras

314 "- 3'%"

3U"-

4112"

4!lr"-

5"

5nr"

- 6"

6nr"- 7¥2"

7*

"-

7%"

7U

"-

9¥2"

9* "- 11'%"

1

HI/-"-

13"

Open

Finder

4¥2"-

4%"

4U"

- 5

1

4"

5i'\,"-

6"

6nr"-

7"

7nr"- 8"
8nr"- 8¥2"

8* "- 12"

12nr"

- 13,%"

13

U "- 16"

16

,10

"- 20"

4x5

5"

- 5'%"

5W '- 6o/s"

6

in-

"-

6%"

6U

"-

8¥2"

8

1'6

"- 9¥2"

9

!6

"-

10

¥2"

10

/6"-13¥2"

13

1'lr

"- 15"
15 nr"-16'%"
16

U "- 20"

Mask

Number

4
3

2

9

10
11

8

7

6

5

Th

e open frame finder of the new

GRAPHIC

camera is of

an

entirely new

construction.

It

consists of two

sta

inless steel sections telescoping almost en-

tirely into the

front

standard

of

the camera

but

designed

so

that

it

may be

drawn

upward

readily into the full open position. Since the

upper

section is

almost entirely contained within the lower member,

it

will be found easier

to

pull

the lower section upward first since this will

permit

easier access

to

the

knurled

finger grips on th e upper

secti~n

of this finder.

Pull

thi

s section up as

far

as possible.

It

will be noted

that

this

finder is fitted with click stops in-

dicating parallax

adjustment

se tting s for six feet, fifteen feet,

and

infinity. To

adjust

it

correctly for

parallax

move the entire finder by

pressing

up

or

down

on the lower cross

member

until

the desired se

tting

is

attained

as indicated by

the

markings

on the sides of the finde

r.

Click settings help to position this

quickly

and

accurate

ly.

Wh

en the rear peep sight is lifted

or

swung upward

from its recesse d position

in the

back

of th e camera, the open frame finder is

ready for use.

This

finder is usable with normal

and

long focal

length,

but

not telep hoto

or wide angle lenses_

The

Adjustable

Handl

e

One of the most convenient

methods

of holding

the

GRAPHIC

camera

is to

place the

hand beneath

the handle of the carry

ing

strap

and

to

curve the fingers

around

the edge of the

camera

bod

y.

In

order

to

provide a

tight

or loose grip

as may

be

preferred,

the

handl

e of th e Pace

maker

GRAPHIC

camera has been

10

Fig.

7.

Open frame finder.

Stainless steel telescoping

construction. Scale

read·

ings and

click

stops for

parallax correction.

Adjustable

Handle to

custom-fit hands

of

differ-

ent sizes.

designed to allow adjustment. A set of

three

snaps are provided and

if

you

desire a good

tight

handle

merely take up

on

the

snap buttons as provided.

Conversely to loosen

the

handle, extend

it

and

resnap

the

buttons together.

To unhook

the

entire

handle in order to provide access to the

tripod

socket

in

the

side of the camera, press

inward

on

the

spring

or

leaf of the snap

at

the base of

the

handle.

It

will

then

be possible to slip the entire clip off

the

lug

at

the bottom of the camera.

Holding

The

Camera

The

strap, on the side of the camera housing opposite to

that

on which the

focal-plane

shutter

controls are located, is designed for holding the outfit

in

use as well as for carrying

it

when not

in

its case. Holding this

in

the

left

hand

or slipping the

hand under

the

strap

and

gripping

the

edge of the body

(as you

prefer),

leaves the

right

hand

free for focusing,

shutter

operation,

and

film changing. Bracing

YOllr

arms against your body will increase the steadiness

with which you

can

hold the camera

and

therefore increase

the

sharpness of

your negatives, especially those exposed

at

the

slower

shutter

speeds.

11

Body

Release

All of the new

Pacemaker

GRAPHIC

cameras

have a

built-in

body

release

located

at

the

lower

right

corner

of

the

front of

the

camera.

This

is

an

entirely

new

feature

and

its convenient location makes

it

possible to

trip

either

the

front

or

focal

plane

shutter

by

squeezing

the

release lever

with

the

forefinger

while holding

the

camera

firmly

with

both

hands.

The

body release is

connected

to

the

front

shutter

by means of a special type

cable

which

employs

the

principle

of compression of

the

outer

stationary

mem-

ber

and

tension of the

inner

cable.

This

cable is concealed

beneath

the

bellows

by

straps

which control its folding when

the

camera

is closed, yet allow easy

transfer

of

pressure

from

the

body release to

the

shutter

release lever on

the

front of

the

camera,

whether

the

front

shutter

is

in

the

normal

position or

in

the

fully

extended

position such as is used

for

the

photographing

of small

sub-jects

in

actual

size.

Pr

essing

inward

on

the

body release activates

the

internal

part

of

the

cable

and

it

in

turn

pulls

downward on a

plunger

attached

to

the

front

standard

of

the

camera.

Attached

to

this

plunger

is a s

hutt

er

release

arm

which

in

turn

presses

against

the

release lever of

the

front

shutter

fitted

to

the

camera.

In

view of

the

fact

that

shutters

of different size

require

different

shutter

release

arms,

this

should

be

noted

when

changing

from one

lens

and

shutter

combina

-

tion to another. New

lensboard

kits

m;y

be

purchased

from

GRAFLEX

dealers.

Each

kit

includes a precision

cut

lensboard

for a specific lens

and

shutter,

the

appropriate

shutter

release

arm

for

the

plunger

on

the

front

standard,

as well as

the

necessary light-excluding felt

washer

for

the

locating

pin

of

the

shutter.

The

release

arms

are

held

in

place

on

the

plunger

by

means of a

sma

ll

set

screw

and

can

be

easily

and

quickly positioned

in

such

a way as to

insure

the

easy

and

accurate

tripping

of

the

front

shutter.

Shutter Selector Slide

The

selector slide

at

the

right

side of

the

focal

plane

shutter

mechanism

of

the

Speed

GRAPHIC

cameras

is provided

in

order

to allow

the

body release

to

operate

selectively

either

the

focal

plane

or

the

front shutt

er.

When

this

slide

is pressed

inward

and

pulled

down so

that

the

raised

portion

is opposite

the

word

FRONT,

the body release wi!]

trip

the

front

shutter.

Pressing

this

slide

inward

at

the

bottom

and

moving it up

until

the

raised

portion is opposite

the

word BACK will allow

the

body release to

operate

the

focal

plane

shutter.

When

the

slide is

pressed

inward

at

the bottom

and

moved all of the way

upward

to

12