Ovislink WHR-609N User Manual

WHR-609N

2.4G Outdoor Router User Manual

USER MANUAL 1.0.0

© 2010

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Table of Contents

1. Terminology .......................................................................................................... 5

2. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 7

2.1 Package contents .................................................................................... 7

2.2 Product Features..................................................................................... 7

2.3 Front Panel Description ......................................................................... 8

2.4 Rear Panel Description .......................................................................... 9

3. Installation .......................................................................................................... 10

3.1 Hardware Installation........................................................................... 10

3.1.1 Appearance and Interface Introduction ............................................... 10

3.1.2 Hardware installation steps ................................................................. 12

3.2 Software Installation ............................................................................ 14

4. Software configuration ...................................................................................... 14

4.1 Prepare your PC to configure the WLAN Broadband Router ............. 15

4.2 Connect to the WLAN Broadband Router ........................................... 16

4.3 Management and configuration on the Outdoor Router ...................... 16

4.3.1 Wizard .......................................................................................... 16

4.3.2 Operation Mode ........................................................................... 23

4.3.3 Internet Settings ........................................................................... 24

4.3.3.1 WAN ..................................................................................... 24

4.3.3.2 LAN ...................................................................................... 29

4.3.3.3 DHCP clients......................................................................... 30

4.3.3.4 VPN Passthrough .................................................................. 30

4.3.4 Wireless Settings .......................................................................... 31

4.3.4.1 Basic...................................................................................... 31

4.3.4.2 Advanced .............................................................................. 32

4.3.4.3 Security ................................................................................. 34

4.3.4.4 WDS...................................................................................... 37

4.3.4.5 WPS ...................................................................................... 41

4.3.5 Firewall ........................................................................................ 42

4.3.5.1 MAC/IP/Port Filtering .......................................................... 42

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4.3.5.2 Port Forwarding .................................................................... 43

4.3.5.3 DMZ...................................................................................... 45

4.3.5.4 System Security .................................................................... 46

4.3.5.5 4.4.5.5 Content Filtering ....................................................... 46

4.3.6 Administration ............................................................................. 48

4.3.6.1 Management.......................................................................... 48

4.3.6.2 Upload Firmware .................................................................. 49

4.3.6.3 Settings Management ............................................................ 50

4.3.6.4 Status ..................................................................................... 51

4.3.6.5 System Log ........................................................................... 51

4.4 Configuration Examples ...................................................................... 52

4.4.1 Example one – PPPoE on the WAN ............................................ 52

4.4.2 Example two – fixed IP on the WAN ........................................... 54

4.4.3 Example three –set WLAN to be WAN as WiFi Client ............... 56

5. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ)................................................ 59

5.1 What and how to find my PC’s IP and MAC address? ........................ 59

5.2 What is Wireless LAN? ....................................................................... 59

5.3 What are ISM bands?........................................................................... 59

5.4 How does wireless networking work? ................................................. 59

5.5 What is BSSID? ................................................................................... 60

5.6 What is ESSID? ................................................................................... 60

5.7 What are potential factors that may causes interference? .................... 60

5.8 What are the Open System and Shared Key authentications? ............. 60

5.9 What is WEP? ...................................................................................... 60

5.10 What is Fragment Threshold? .............................................................. 61

5.11 What is RTS (Request to Send) Threshold?......................................... 61

5.12 What is Beacon Interval? ..................................................................... 61

5.13 What is Preamble Type? ...................................................................... 61

5.14 What is SSID Broadcast?..................................................................... 61

5.15 What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)?............................................. 62

5.16 What is WPA2? .................................................................................... 62

5.17 What is 802.1x Authentication? ........................................................... 62

5.18 What is Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)?.............................. 62

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5.19 What is Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)? ................................. 62

5.20 What is Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP)? ...................................... 62

5.21 What is Wireless Distribution System (WDS)? ................................... 62

5.22 What is Universal Plug and Play (uPNP)?........................................... 62

5.23 What is Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) Size? ........................... 63

5.24 What is Clone MAC Address? ............................................................. 63

5.25 What is DDNS?.................................................................................... 63

5.26 What is NTP Client? ............................................................................ 63

5.27 What is VPN? ...................................................................................... 63

5.28 What is IPSEC?.................................................................................... 63

5.29 What is WLAN Block Relay between Clients? ................................... 63

5.30 What is WMM?.................................................................................... 63

5.31 What is WLAN ACK TIMEOUT? ...................................................... 63

5.32 What is Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS)? ..................................... 63

5.33 What is Frame Aggregation? ............................................................... 64

5.34 What is Guard Intervals (GI)?.............................................................. 64

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1. Terminology

3DES Triple Data Encryption Standard

AES Advanced Encryption Standard

ANSI American National Standards Institute

AP Access Point

CCK Complementary Code Keying

CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance

CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection

DDNS Dynamic Domain Name Server

DH Diffie-Hellman Algorithm

DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum

EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol

ESP Encapsulating Security Payload

FCC Federal Communications Commission

FTP File Transfer Protocol

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

IKE Internet Key Exchange

IP Internet Protocol

ISM Industrial, Scientific and Medical

LAN Local Area Network

MAC Media Access Control

MD5 Message Digest 5

NAT Network Address Translation

NT Network Termination

NTP Network Time Protocol

PPTP Point to Point Tunneling Protocol

PSD Power Spectral Density

RF Radio Frequency

SHA1 Secure Hash Algorithm

SNR Signal to Noise Ratio

SSID Service Set Identification

TCP Transmission Control Protocol

TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol

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TKIP Temporal Key Integrity Protocol

UPNP Universal Plug and Play

VPN Virtual Private Network

WDS Wireless Distribution System

WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy

WLAN Wireless Local Area Network

WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access

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2. Introduction

The Outdoor Router is an affordable IEEE 802.11b/g /n specifications of Outdoor Router solution;
setting SOHO and enterprise standard for high performance, secure, manageable and reliable WLAN.
This document describes the steps required for the initial IP address assign and other configuration of
the outdoor router. The description includes the implementation of the above steps.

2.1 Package contents

The package of the WLAN Broadband Router includes the following items,



Outdoor Router



DC 12V Power Adapter



Documentation CD



POE Injector



Tie

2.2 Product Features



Compatible with IEEE 802.11n Specifications provides wireless speed up to 150Mbps data rate.



Compatible with IEEE 802.11g standard to provide wireless speeds of 54Mbps data rate.



Maximizes the performance and ideal for media-centric applications like streaming video,

gaming and Voice over IP technology.



Support various operation (Bridge/Gateway/Ethernet Converter) modes between wireless and

wired Ethernet interfaces.



Supports WPS, 64-bit and 128-bit WEP, WPA, WPA2 encryption to protect the wireless data

transmission.



Support TKIP/AES/TKIPAES of WPA algorithms.



Support IEEE 802.3x full duplex flow control on 10/100M Ethernet interface.



Support DHCP server to provide clients auto IP addresses assignment.



Support DHCP client, static IP, PPPoE, L2TP and PPTP of WAN Interface.



Supports firewall security with port filtering, IP filtering, MAC filtering, port forwarding, DMZ

hosting and URL filtering functions.



Support WEB based management and configuration.



Support System Log.



Support Dynamic DNS



Support NTP

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2.3 Front Panel Description

LED Indicator State Description

1. PWR LED

ON The WLAN Broadband Router is powered ON.

Off The WLAN Broadband Router is powered Off.

2. WLAN LED

Flashing Data is transmitting or receiving on the wireless.

ON Wireless Radio ON.

Off Wireless Radio Off.

3. WAN LED ACT

Flashing Data is transmitting or receiving on the WAN interface.

ON Port linked.

Off No link.

4. LAN LED ACT

Flashing Data is transmitting or receiving on the LAN interface.

ON Port linked.

Off No link.

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2.4 Rear Panel Description

Interfaces Description

Reset(Left)

Push continually the reset button 5 ~ 10 seconds to reset the

configuration parameters to factory defaults.

LAN(Middle)

The RJ-45 sockets allow LAN connection through Category 5 cables.

Support auto-sensing on 10/100M speed and half/ full duplex;

comply with IEEE 802.3/ 802.3u respectively.

WAN(Right)

The RJ-45 socket allows WAN connection through a Category 5

cable. Support auto-sensing on 10/100M speed and half/ full duplex;

comply with IEEE 802.3/ 802.3u respectively.

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3. Installation

3.1 Hardware Installation

3.1.1 Appearance and Interface Introduction

Notes: The product shot is for reference only please refer to physical product.

LED Panel

Waterproof Sliding Door

Pass trough Ethernet cable from this cable

Push this button to remove upper housing

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Wal l Mount

Pole Mount

LAN port with POE

WAN p or t

Reset Button

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3.1.2 Hardware installation steps

Step1: Push the button in the side to remove upper housing.

Step2: Pass through Ethernet cable from the hole, insert the cable to LAN port.

Note: RJ-45 8P8C Ethernet cable is required.

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Step3: Install the upper housing and make sure the housing is well installed.

Step4:

Install POE Injector

DC: Insert adapter

POE: This hole is linked to LAN port of the Outdoor Router with RJ-45.

LAN: This hole is linked to LAN side PC/Hub or Router/ADSL modem device with RJ-45

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Step5: Complete the hardware installation as diagram at below.

Notes: Use Reset button on POE injector. Push continually the reset button of POE injector about 5 ~ 10

seconds to reset the configuration parameters to factory defaults.

3.2 Software Installation

There is no software driver or utility installation needed, but only the configuration
setting. Please refer to chapter 4 for software configuration.

Notice: It will take about 50 seconds to complete the boot up sequence after powered on the Outdoor

Router; Power LED will be active, and after that the WLAN Activity LED will be flashing to show the
WLAN interface is enabled and working now.

4. Software configuration

There are web based management and configuration functions allowing you to have the jobs done
easily.

The Outdoor Router is delivered with the following factory default parameters on the Ethernet LAN
interfaces.

Default IP Address: 192.168.1.254
Default IP subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
WEB login User Name: admin
WEB login Password: admin

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4.1 Prepare your PC to configure the WLAN Broadband Router

For OS of Microsoft Windows 2000/ XP:

1. Click the Start button and select Settings, then click Control Panel. The Control Panel window
will appear.

2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network and Dial-up Connections icon. Move
mouse and double-click the Local Area Connection icon. The Local Area Connection window will
appear. Click Properties button in the Local Area Connection window.

3. Check the installed list of Network Components. If TCP/IP is not installed, click the Add button to
install it; otherwise go to step 6.

4. Select Protocol in the Network Component Type dialog box and click Add button.

5. Select TCP/IP in Microsoft of Select Network Protocol dialog box then click OK button to install
the TCP/IP protocol, it may need the Microsoft Windows CD to complete the installation. Close
and go back to Network dialog box after the TCP/IP installation.

6. Select TCP/IP and click the properties button on the Network dialog box.

7. Select Specify an IP address and type in values as following example.



IP Address: 192.168.1.10 is good to connect the Wireless LAN Access Point.



IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

8. Click OK to complete the IP parameters setting.

For OS of Microsoft Windows Vista / 7:

1. Click the Start button and select Settings, then click Control Panel. The Control Panel window

will appear.

2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network Connections item. The Network

Connections window will appear. Double click Local Area Connection icon, then User Account
Control window shown. Right click Continue button to set properties.

3. In Local Area Connection Properties window, Choose Networking tab, move mouse and click

Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4), then click Properties button.

4. Move mouse and click General tab, Select Specify an IP address and type in values as following

example.



IP Address: 192.168.1.10 is good to connect the Wireless LAN Access Point.



IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

5.

Click OK to complete the IP parameters setting.

For OS of Microsoft Windows NT:

1. Click the Start button and select Settings, then click Control Panel. The Control Panel window

will appear.

2. Move mouse and double-click the right button on Network icon. The Network window will appear.

Click Protocol tab from the Network window.

3. Check the installed list of Network Protocol window. If TCP/IP is not installed, click the Add

button to install it; otherwise go to step 6.

4. Select Protocol in the Network Component Type dialog box and click Add button.

5. Select TCP/IP in Microsoft of Select Network Protocol dialog box then click OK button to install

the TCP/IP protocol, it may need the Microsoft Windows CD to complete the installation. Close
and go back to Network dialog box after the TCP/IP installation.

6. Select TCP/IP and click the properties button on the Network dialog box.

7. Select Specify an IP address and type in values as following example.



IP Address: 192.168.1.10 is good to connect the Wireless LAN Access Point.



IP Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

8. Click OK to complete the IP parameters setting.

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4.2 Connect to the WLAN Broadband Router

Open a WEB browser, i.e. Microsoft Internet Explore 6.1 SP1 or above, then enter 192.168.1.200 on
the URL to connect the WLAN Broadband Router.

4.3 Management and configuration on the Outdoor Router

4.3.1 Wizard

This Wizard page guides you to configure Internet connection and Wireless

Settings quickly.

Step 1: configure Internet connection

Click Next button to next step for Internet connection settings. There are five

options (DHCP, Static Mode, PPPOE, L2TP, PPTP) for Internet connection on WAN

port.

a. DHCP (Auto Config)

If you select DHCP option, please click Next button to jump at Step2.

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Setup Wizard

Setup Wizard

b. Static Mode (fixed IP)

If you select Static Mode, please fill in these fields on next page.

Item

Description

IP Address Fill in the IP address for WAN interface.

Subnet Mask Fill in the subnet mask for WAN interface.

Default Gateway Fill in the default gateway for WAN interface out going data packets.

Primary DNS
Server

Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 1.

Secondary DNS
Server

Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 2.

When you finish these settings, then click Next button to jump at Step2.

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Setup Wizard

Setup Wizard

c. PPPOE (ADSL)

If you select PPPOE, please fill in these fields on next page.

Item

Description

User Name If you select the PPPoE support on WAN interface, fill in the user name and

password to login the PPPoE server.

Password If you select the PPPoE support on WAN interface, fill in the user name and

password to login the PPPoE server.

Verify Password Fill in the password again for verification.

Operation Mode Keep Alive: Keep the PPPoE connection all the time. Please also configure the

Redial Period field.
On Demand: Please configure the Idle Time field. When time is up, the PPPoE
connection will disconnect. The connection will re-connect when any outgoing
packet arise.
Manual: Le

t

user connect the PPPoE connectionmanually.

When you finish these settings, then click Next button to jump at Step2.

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Setup Wizard

Setup Wizard

d. L2TP

If you select L2TP, please fill in these fields on next page.

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Setup Wizard

Setup Wizard

Item Description

L2TP Server IP
Address

Allow user to make a tunnel with remote site directly to secure the data
transmission among the connection. User can use embedded L2TP client
supported by this router to make a VPN connection.
If

y

ou select the L2TP support on WAN interface, fill in the IP address for it.

User Name Fill in the user name and password to login the L2TP server.

Password Fill in the user name and password to login the L2TP server.

Address Mode

Static: To configure the IP address information by manually, please fill in the
related setting at below.
Dynamic: The option allows the machine to get IP address information
au

tom

atically fromDHCP server on WAN side.

IP Address Fill in the IP address for WAN interface.

Subnet Mask Fill in the subnet mask for WAN interface.

Default Gateway Fill in the default gateway for WAN interface out going data packets.

Operation Mode

Keep Alive: Keep the L2TP connection all the time. Please also configure the
Redial Period field.

Manual: Let user connect the L2TP connection manually.

When you finish these settings, then click Next button to jump at Step2.

e. PPTP

If you select PPTP, please fill in these fields on next page.

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Setup Wizard

Item Description

PPTP Server IP
Address

Allow user to make a tunnel with remote site directly to secure the data
transmission among the connection. User can use embedded PPTP client
supported by this router to make a VPN connection.
If

y

ou select the PPTP support on WAN interface, fill in the IP address for it.

User Name Fill in the user name and password to login the PPTP server.

Password Fill in the user name and password to login the PPTP server.

Address Mode Static: To configure the IP address information by manually, please fill in the

related setting at below.
Dynamic: The option allows the machine to get IP address information
au

tom

atically fromDHCP server on WAN side.

IP Address Fill in the IP address for WAN interface.

Subnet Mask Fill in the subnet mask for WAN interface.

Default Gateway Fill in the default gateway for WAN interface out going data packets.

Operation Mode

Keep Alive: Keep the PPTP connection all the time. Please also configure the
Redial Period field.

Manual: Let user connect the PPTP connection manually.

When you finish these settings, then click Next button to jump at Step2.

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Setup Wizard

Step 2: configure Wireless Settings

There are three options (Disable, WEP, WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK) for Wireless

security connection.

Disable

WEP

WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK

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Setup Wizard

Setup Wizard

Setup Wizard

Item

Description

Network Name

(

SSID

)

It is the wireless network name. The SSID can be 32 bytes long.

Security Please select the security mode related wireless data encryption.

KEY WEP: When you select WEP, please input 5, 13 (ASCII), 10 or 26 (HEX)

characters for WEP Key.
WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK: When WPA/WPA2 Pre-shared key encryption is
selected, please fill in the Pre-shared key. The format can be passphrase or Hex

(

64 characters).

When you finish these settings, then click Apply button to save.

4.3.2 Operation Mode

a. Bridge:

The Bridge mode allows that all Ethernet and wireless interfaces are bridged into

a single bridge interface.

b. Gateway:

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The Gateway mode allows that the first Ethernet port is treated as WAN port and

the Ethernet port and the wireless interface are bridged together and are treated as

LAN ports.

c. Ethernet Converter:

The Ethernet Converter mode allows that the wireless interface is treated as

WAN port, and the Ethernet ports are LAN ports.

4.3.3 Internet Settings

4.3.3.1 WA N

a. STATIC

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Item Description

Hostname Fill in the host name of Host Name of DHCP server. The default value is empty.

MAC Clone Take NIC MAC address of PC on LAN side as the MAC address of WAN

interface.

Item Description

IP Address Fill in the IP address for WAN interface.

Subnet Mask Fill in the subnet mask for WAN interface.

Default Gateway Fill in the default gateway for WAN interface out going data packets.

Primary DNS
Server

Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 1.

Secondary DNS
Server

Fill in the IP address of Domain Name Server 2.

MAC Clone

Take NIC MAC address of PC on LAN side as the MAC address of WAN
interface.

b. DHCP

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Item Description

User Name

If you select the PPPoE support on WAN interface, fill in the user name and
password to login the PPPoE server.

Pasword If you select the PPPoE support on WAN interface, fill in the user name and

password to login the PPPoE server.

Verify Password Fill in the password again for verification.

MAC Clone Take NIC MAC address of PC on LAN side as the MAC address of WAN

interface.

c. PPPoE

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Item Description

Server IP Allow user to make a tunnel with remote site directly to secure the data

transmission among the connection. User can use embedded L2TP client
supported by this router to make a VPN connection.
If

y

ou select the L2TP support on WAN interface, fill in the IP address for it.

User Name Fill in the user name and password to login the L2TP server.

Password Fill in the user name and password to login the L2TP server.

Address Mode Static: To configure the IP address information by manually, please fill in the

related setting at below.
Dynamic: The option allows the machine to get IP address information
au

tom

atically fromDHCP server on WAN side.

IP Address Fill in the IP address for WAN interface.

Subnet Mask

ill in the subnet mask for WAN interface.

Default Gateway Fill in the default gateway for WAN interface out going data packets.

Operation Mode

Keep Alive: Keep the L2TP connection all the time. Please also configure the
Redial Period field.
On Demand: Please configure the Idle Time field. When time is up, the L2T

P

connection will disconnect. The connection will re-connect when any outgoin

g

packet arise.

Manual: Let user connect the L2TP connection manually.

MAC Clone Take NIC MAC address of PC on LAN side as the MAC address of WAN

interface.

d. L2TP

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Item

Description

Server IP Allow user to make a tunnel with remote site directly to secure the data

transmission among the connection. User can use embedded PPTP client
supported by this router to make a VPN connection.
If

y

ou select the PPTP support on WAN interface, fill in the IP address for it.

User Name Fill in the user name and password to login the PPTP server.

Password Fill in the user name and password to login the PPTP server.

Address Mode Static: To configure the IP address information by manually, please fill in the

related setting at below.
Dynamic: The option allows the machine to get IP address information
au

tom

atically fromDHCP server on WAN side.

IP Address Fill in the IP address for WAN interface.

Subnet Mask

ill in the subnet mask for WAN interface.

Default Gateway Fill in the default gateway for WAN interface out going data packets.

Operation Mode

Keep Alive: Keep the PPTP connection all the time. Please also configure the
Redial Period field.
On Demand: Please configure the Idle Time field. When time is up, the PPT

P

connection will disconnect. The connection will re-connect when any outgoin

g

packet arise.

Manual: Let user connect the PPTP connection manually.

MAC Clone Take NIC MAC address of PC on LAN side as the MAC address of WAN

interface.

e. PPTP

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4.3.3.2 LAN

Item Description

MAC Address

Show the MAC address of LAN interface.

IP Address

Fill in the IP address of LAN interfaces.

Subnet Mask

Fill in the subnet mask of LAN interfaces.

Default Gateway

Fill in the default gateway for LAN interfaces out going data packets.

DHCP Type Disable: Disable DHCP server on LAN side.

Server: Enable DHCP server on LA

N

side.

Start IP Address

ill in the start IP address to allocate a range of IP addresses; client with DHCP

unction set will be assigned an IP address from the range.

End IP Address

ill in the end IP address to allocate a range of IP addresses; client with DHCP

function set will be assigned an IP address from the range.

Lease Time

ill in the lease time of DHCP server function.

802.1d Spanning

Tree

Select enable or disable the IEEE 802.1d Spanning Tree function from pull-down

enu.

LLTD Select enable or disable the Link Layer Topology Discover function from

ull-down menu.

IGMP Proxy Select enable or disable the IGMP proxy function from pull-down menu.

UPNP Select enable or disable the UPnP protocol from pull-down menu.

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4.3.3.3 DHCP clients

The “DHCP clients” page shows all the active DHCP clients. The table window

shows the active clients with their Hostname, MAC address, assigned IP address, and

time expired information.

4.3.3.4 VPN Passthrough

Item

Description

L2TP Passthrough Select enable or disable the L2TP pass-through function from pull-down menu.

IPSec Passthrough

Select enable or disable the IPSec pass-through function from pull-down menu.

PPTP Passthrough

Select enable or disable the PPTP pass-through function from pull-down menu.

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Item Description

Wireless On/Off

Click Wireless OFF button to turn off wireless RF radio.

Click Wireless ON button to turn on wireless RF radio.

Wireless Mode Click to select wireless mode from pull down menu.

SSID It is the wireless network name. The SSID can be 32 bytes long.

User can use the default SSID or chan

g

e it.

Broadcast Network

Name (

SSID

)

Enable or disable the SSID broadcast function.

AP Isolation

Wireless network is similar to the virtual local area network. All of the Wireless
client devices can access each other completely.
When you enable this function, it will turn off connection between wireless
clients. Onl

y

allows connection between wireless client and this AP router.

4.3.4 Wireless Settings

4.3.4.1 Basic

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MBSSID AP
Isolation

nable this function will turn off connection between clients with different

BSSID. Example: The client connected with BSSID 1. When enable this

unction, it will not connect with BSSID 2. Only can access between clients with

SID 1.

BSSID Show the MAC address of Wireless interface.

Frequency (Channel) Select the wireless communication frequency/channel from pull-down menu.

Operating Mode Select “Mixed Mode” for 11b/g/n mode or “Green Field” for 11n mode.

Channel BandWidth

Select the operating channel width 20 MHz or 20/40 MHz.

Guard Interval Select “Long” or “Auto”. Guard intervals are used to ensure that distinct

transmissions do not interfere with one another. Only effect under Mixed Mode.

MCS Select 0~7 or “Auto” from pull down menu. The default is “Auto”. Only effect

under Mixed Mode.

4.3.4.2 Advanced

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Item

Description

B/G Protection
Mode

Default: Auto. You can select the other options including On and Off. The B/G

protection technology is CTS-To-Self. It will try to reserve the throughput for

11g clients from 11b clients connecting to the device as AP mode.

Beacon Interval

Beacons are the packets sending by Access point to synchronize the wireless
network. The beacon interval is the time interval between beacons sending by
this unit in AP or AP+WDS operation. The default and recommended beacon
interval is 100 milliseconds.

Data Beacon
Rate(DTM)

This is the Delivery Traffic Indication Map. It is used to alert the clients that
multicast and broadcast packets buffered at the AP will be transmitted
immediately after the transmission of this beacon frame. You can change the
value from 1 to 255. The AP will check the buffered data according to this value.
For example, selecting “1” means to check the buffered data at every beacon.

Fragment
Threshold

The fragmentation threshold determines the size at which packets are
fragmented (sent as several pieces instead of as one block). Use a low setting in
areas where communication is poor or where there is a great deal of radio
interference. This function will help you to improve the network performance.

RTS Threshold

The RTS threshold determines the packet size at which the radio issues a request
to send (RTS) before sending the packet. A low RTS Threshold setting can be
useful in areas where many client devices are associating with the device, or in
areas where the clients are far apart and can detect only the device and not each
other. You can enter a setting ranging from 0 to 2347 bytes.

TX Power

he default TX power is 100%. In case of shortening the distance and the coverage

f the wireless network, input a smaller value to reduce the radio transmission

ower. For example, input 80 to apply 80% Tx power.

Short Preamble Default: Disable. It is a performance parameter for 802.11 b/g mode and not

supported by some of very early stage of 802.11b station cards. If there is no such

kind of stations associated to this AP, you can enable this function.

Short Slot It is used to shorten the communication time between this AP and station.

TX Burst The device will try to send a serial of packages with single ACK reply from the

clients. Enable this function to apply it.

Country Code Select the country code for wireless from pull down menu.

- 33 -

4.3.4.3 Security

a. Disable

If you set Security Mode to “Disable”, the wireless data transmission will not

include encryption to prevent from unauthorized access and monitoring.

b. WEPAUTO

- 34 -

If you set Security Mode to “WEPAUTO”, please fill in the related

configurations at below.

Item

Description

Default Key

Specify a Key number for effective.

WEP Keys

(1~4)

When you select WEPAUTO, please input 5, 13 (ASCII), 10 or 26 (HEX)
charac

t

ers for WEP Key.

c. WPAPSK/WPA2PSK

If you set Security Mode to “WPAPSKWPA2PSK”, please fill in the related

configurations at below.

Item

Description

WPA Algorithms

Select TKIP, AES, or TKIPAES for WPA algorithms.

Pass Phrase Please fill in a passphrase like ‘test wpa 123’, or a hexadecimal string like '65E4

E123 456 E1'.

Key Renewal
Inte

r

val

Please fill in a number for Group Key Renewal interval time.

- 35 -

d. WPA1WPA2

If you set Security Mode to “WPA1WPA2”, please fill in the related

configurations at below.

Item Description

WPA Algorithms

Select TKIP or AES for WPA algorithms.

Key Renewal
Inte

r

val

Please fill in a number for Group Key Renewal interval time.

PMK Cache Period

Only valid in WPA2 security. Set WPA2 PMKID cache timeout period, after

time out, the cached key will be deleted. PMK Cache Period unit is minute.

Pre-Authentication

Only valid in WPA2 security. The most important features beyond WPA to

become standardized through 802.11i/WPA2 are: Pre-authentication, which

enables secure fast roaming without noticeable signal latency.

IP Address

Enter the RADIUS Server’s IP Address provided by your ISP.

Port Enter the RADIUS Server’s port number provided by your ISP. (The Default is

1812.)

Shared Secret Enter the password that the Wireless Router shares with the RADIUS Server.

Session Timeout Session timeout interval is for 802.1x re-authentication setting. Set to zero to

disable 802.1x re-authentication service for each session. Session timeout

interval unit is second and must be larger than 60.

Idle Timeout Enter the idle timeout in the column.

- 36 -

e. Access Policy

Item

Description

Policy

Select the Disabled, Allow or Reject of drop down menu choose wireless access

control mode. This is a security control function; only those clients registered in

the access control list can link to this WLAN Broadband Router.

Add a station MAC

Fill in the MAC address of client to register this AP router access capability.

4.3.4.4 WDS

a. Disable

If you set WDS to “Disable”, Wireless Distribution System function will not effect.

b. Lazy Mode

Lazy mode allows user to operate in an automatic mode that detects and learns

WDS peer addresses from received WDS packets, without the need to configure a

MAC address list. This feature allows the Wireless 11n Access Point/Repeater to

associate with other Wireless 11n Access Point/Repeaters in the network and use their

WDS MAC address list. Lazy mode requires one other Wireless 11n Access

Point/Repeater within the wireless network that is configured in Bridge or Repeater

mode, and has a configured MAC address list.

- 37 -

If you set WDS to “Lazy Mode”, please fill in the related configurations at

below.

Item Description

Phy Mode

Select wireless physical mode from pull down menu. CKK (11b). OFDM (11g).

HTMIX (11b/g/n mixed mode)

Encryp Type

Select encryption type for wireless data transmission. There are four options:

None

,

WEP, TKIP or AES.

Encryp Key

When you select WEP encryption type on above, please input 5, 13 (ASCII), 10 or

26 (HEX) characters for WEP Key.

When you select TKIP or AES encryption type on above, please input a

Passphrase or Hex (64 characters).

- 38 -

c. Bridge Mode

Bridge mode allows user to operate as a standard bridge that forwards traffic

between WDS links (links that connect to other units in Repeater or Lazy mode). The

MAC addresses of WDS peers must be configured on the Wireless 11n Access Points/

Repeaters. Basically this mode is used when you have a 2.4G outdoor router with

more than one WDS link to other AP/Repeaters.

Note: In this mode wireless clients will not be able to connect to the 2.4G outdoor

router directly.

Item

Description

Phy Mode

Select wireless physical mode from pull down menu. CKK (11b). OFDM (11g).

HTMIX (11b/g/n mixed mode)

Encryp Type Select encryption type for wireless data transmission. There are four options:

None

,

WEP, TKIP or AES.

Encryp Key

When you select WEP encryption type on above, please input 5, 13 (ASCII), 10 or

26 (HEX) characters for WEP Key.

When you select TKIP or AES encryption type on above, please input a

Passphrase or Hex (64 characters).

AP MAC Address Fill in the MAC address of AP which WDS links in Repeater or Lazy mode.

- 39 -

d. Repeater Mode

Repeater mode allows user to operate as a wireless repeater, extending the range

for remote wireless clients and connecting them to an AP connected to the wired

network. The MAC addresses of WDS peers must be configured on the Wireless 11n

Access Point/Repeater.

Item

Description

Phy Mode

Select wireless physical mode from pull down menu. CKK (11b). OFDM (11g).

HTMIX (11b/g/n mixed mode)

Encryp Type Select encryption type for wireless data transmission. There are four options:

None

,

WEP, TKIP or AES.

Encryp Key

When you select WEP encryption type on above, please input 5, 13 (ASCII), 10 or

26 (HEX) characters for WEP Key.

When you select TKIP or AES encryption type on above, please input a

Passphrase or Hex (64 characters).

AP MAC Address Fill in the MAC address of AP which WDS links in Repeater or Lazy mode.

- 40 -

4.3.4.5 WPS

Item

Description

WPS

Select Enable or Disable the Wi-Fi Protected Setup function. Then click Apply

button to take effect function after change.

WPS Summary After enabling the WPS function, if there is connection the WPS Summary will

show related info

r

m

ation and status.

AP PIN

Here shows the AP’s PIN code (Personal Identification Number) that the

enrollee should enter the registrar’s PIN code to make a connection.
Clic

k

Generate button to generate a new AP PIN code.

Reset OOB Click Reset OOB button to reset WPS AP to the OOB (out-of-box)

confi

g

uration.

WPS mode Select WPS mode. PIN: Personal Identification Number. PBC: Push Button

Co

m

m

unication.

PIN

Input enrollee’s PIN code to AP-registrar.

- 41 -

4.3.5 Firewall

4.3.5.1 MAC/IP/Port Filtering

Item Description

MAC/IP/Port
Filterin

g

Select Enable or Disable the MAC/IP/Port Filtering function.

Item Description

Source MAC
address

Fill in the MAC address of source NIC, to restrict data transmission.

Dest IP Address

Fill in the IP address of destination, to restrict data transmission.

Source IP Address

Fill in the IP address of source, to restrict data transmission.

Protocol

Select the protocol that you want to restrict. There are four options: None, TCP,
UDP and ICMP.

Dest Port Range Fill in the start-port and end-port number of destination, to restrict data

trans

m

ission.

Source Port Range Fill in the start-port and end-port number of source, to restrict data transmission.

Action

Select Accept or Drop to specify the action of filtering policies.

Comment Make a comment for the filtering policy.

- 42 -

Item

Description

□

Make a mark for next action.

Delete Selected

Click Delete Selected button to delete all that you selected.

Reset

Click Reset button to clear selected items.

4.3.5.2 Port Forwarding

- 43 -

Item

Description

Port Forwarding

Select Enable or Disable the Port Forwarding function.

IP Address

To forward data packets coming from WAN to a specific IP address that hosted
in local netwo

rk b

ehind theNAT firewall, fill inthe IP address.

Port Range To forward data packets coming from WAN to a specific IP address that hosted

in local netwo

rk b

ehind theNAT firewall, fill intheportrange.

Protocol Specify protocol, TCP&UDP, TCP or UDP.

Comment Make a comment for the port forwarding policy.

□

Make a mark for next action.

Delete Selected Click Delete Selected button to delete all that you selected.

Reset Click Reset button to clear selected items.

Item Description

Virtual Server

Select Enable or Disable the Virtual Server function.

IP Address To forward data packets coming from WAN to a specific IP address that hosted

in local netwo

rk b

ehind theNAT firewall, fill inthe IP address.

Public Port To forward data packets coming from WAN to a specific IP address that hosted

in local netwo

rk b

ehind theNAT firewall, fill inthepublicport.

Private Port

To forward data packets coming from WAN to a specific IP address that hosted
in local netwo

rk b

ehind theNAT firewall, fill intheprivateport.

- 44 -

Item

Description

DMZ Settings

Enable or Disable the DMZ function.

DMZ IP Address

To support DMZ in your firewall design, fill in the IP address of DMZ host that
can

b

e access fromthe WAN interface.

Protocol

pecify protocol, TCP&UDP, TCP or UDP.

Comment Make a comment for the virtual server policy.

□

Make a mark for next action.

Delete Selected Click Delete Selected button to delete all that you selected.

Reset Click Reset button to clear selected items.

4.3.5.3 DMZ

- 45 -

4.3.5.4 System Security

Item

Description

Remote

m

anagement

Select Deny or Allow for remote management function.

Ping form WAN
Filte

r

Select Disable or Enable for Ping permit from WAN.

SPI Firewall

Select Disable or Enable for SPI firewall function.

4.3.5.5 4.4.5.5 Content Filtering

- 46 -

Item

Description

Filters

Select an option or multi-option for Webs content filter. Then click Apply button

to save or click Reset button to clear all.

URL

Fill in a URL string for URL filter. Then click Add button to save the URL filter
policy or click Reset button to clear the field.

□

Make a mark for next action.

Delete Click Delete button to delete all that you selected.

Reset Click Reset button to clear selected items.

Item

Description

Keyword

Fill in a word for Webs Host Filter policy.

□

Make a mark for next action.

Delete Click Delete button to delete all that you selected.

Reset Click Reset button to clear selected items.

- 47 -

Item

Description

Username

Fill in the user name for web management login control.

Password Fill in the password for web management login control.

Current Time It shows the current time.

Time Zone Select the time zone in your country from pull-down menu..

NTP Server

ill in NTP server IP address.

NTP

synchronization

Fill in a number to decide the synchronization frequency with NTP server.

4.3.6 Administration

4.3.6.1 Management

- 48 -

Item

Description

Dynamic DNS
Provide

r

Click the drop down menu to pick up the right DDNS provider you registered.

Account

Fill in the account of DDNS you registered.

Password

Fill in the password of DDNS you registered.

DDNS

Fill in the domain name that you registered.

4.3.6.2 Upload Firmware

Item

Description

Location

Click the Browse button to select the new firmware image file on PC.

And click the Apply button to upgrade firmware.

- 49 -

4.3.6.3 Settings Management

Item

Description

Export Button

Click Export button to export the current configuration to your PC.

Settings file
location

Click Browse button to select the configuration file from your PC, then click
Import button to update the configuration.

Load Default
Button

Click the Load Default button to reset the configuration parameter to factory
defaults.

- 50 -

4.3.6.4 Status

This page shows the current status and some basic settings of the device, includes system info,

Internet Configurations and Local Network .

4.3.6.5 System Log

This page is used to view system logs.

Item

Description

Refresh

Click the Refresh button to refresh the log shown on the screen.

Clear

Click the Clear button to clear the log display screen.

- 51 -

4.4 Configuration Examples

4.4.1 Example one – PPPoE on the WA N

Sales division of Company ABC likes to establish a WLAN network to support mobile communication
on sales’ Notebook PCs. MIS engineer collects information and plans the WLAN Broadband Router
implementation by the following configuration.

WAN configuration:PPPoE
User Name

user123

Password

password123

Note: User Name and password that ISP provided.

LAN configuration:
IP A

d

dress 10.10.10.254

Subnet Mas

k

255.255.255.0

DHCP Client Range 10.10.10.100 –10.10.10.200

WLAN configuration:
SSID

AP

Channel Number AutoSelect

1. Configure the WAN interface:

Open “Wide Area Network (WAN) Settings” page, select PPPoE then enter the User Name “user123”
and Password “password123”, the password is encrypted to display on the screen.

Press “Apply” button to confirm the configuration

setting.

- 52 -

2. Configure the LAN interface:

Open “Local Area Network (LAN) settings” page, enter the IP Address “10.10.10.254”, Subnet Mask
“255.255.255.0”. Enable DHCP Server, DHCP client range “10.10.10.100” to “10.10.10.200”, default
Gateway “10.10.10.254” .
Press “Apply” button to confirm the configuration setting.

3. Configure the WLAN interface:

Open “Basic Wireless Settings” page, enter the SSID ”AP”, Channel Number ”AutoSelect”.
Press “Apply” button to confirm the configuration setting.

- 53 -

4.4.2 Example two – fixed IP on the WA N

Company ABC likes to establish a WLAN network to support mobile communication on all
employees’ Notebook PCs. MIS engineer collects information and plans the WLAN Broadband Router
implementation by the following configuration.

WAN configuration : Fixed IP
IP Address

192.168.20.254

Subnet Mask

255.255.255.0

Default Gateway

192.168.20.1

Primary DNS Address

168.95.1.1

LAN configuration:
IP Address

10.10.10.254

Subnet Mas

k

255.255.255.0

DHCP Client Range

10.10.10.100 – 10.10.10.200

WLAN configuration:
SSID

AP

Channel Number AutoSelect

1. Configure the WAN interface:

Open “Wide Area Network (WAN) Settings” page, select STATIC(fixed IP) then enter IP Address
“192.168.20.254”, subnet mask “255.255.255.0”, Default gateway “192.168.20.1”.
Press “Apply” button to confirm the configuration setting.

- 54 -

2. Configure the LAN interface:

Open “Local Area Network (LAN) settings” page, enter the IP Address “10.10.10.254”, Subnet Mask
“255.255.255.0”. Enable DHCP Server, DHCP client range “10.10.10.100” to “10.10.10.200”, default
Gateway “10.10.10.254” .
Press “Apply” button to confirm the configuration setting.

3. Configure the WLAN interface:

Open “Basic Wireless Settings” page, enter the SSID ”AP”, Channel Number ”AutoSelect”.
Press “Apply” button to confirm the configuration setting.

- 55 -

4.4.3 Example three –set WLAN to be WA N as WiFi Client

User Mr. ABC likes to configure this WLAN Broadband Router to be a WiFi client. In order to
communicate with another AP. Mr. ABC collects information and plans the WLAN Broadband Router
implementation by the following configuration.

WiFi client:

WAN configuration: DHCP (Auto config)
IP Address

n/a

Subnet Mask

n/a

Default Gateway

n/a

Primary DNS Address

n/a

LAN configuration:
IP Ad

d

r

ess

10.10.10.254

Subnet Mask

255.255.255.0

DHCP Client Range

10.10.10.100 – 10.10.10.200

WLAN configuration:
SSID

Depend on AP

Channel Number Depend on AP

WiFi server:

AP configuration:
SSID

TEST AP

Channel Number Channel 1
Wireless Encryption WPA2
DHCP server 192.168.0.33~192.168.0.254

1. Configure the Operation Mode:

Open “Operation Mode Configuration” page, select Ethernet Converter, then click “Apply” button to
confirm the configuration setting and reboot the WLAN Broadband Router. After reboot, the wireless
LAN will become to WAN interface.

- 56 -

2. Site Survey:

Open “Site Survey” page under Wireless Settings, and select the AP “testap”.
Press “Connect” button to connect with the AP.

3. Wireless encryption setting:

If the AP has encryption setting, it will pop out a window for you filling the encryption setting.
Please fill up the encryption code and click “Apply” button to connect with the AP.

- 57 -

4. Station Link Status:

After connection with AP, you can open “Link Status” page under Wireless Settings to check Link
Status.

5 Status:
You also can open “Status” page under Administration to check Internet Configurations.

- 58 -

5. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ)

Enter topic text here.

5.1 What and how to find my PC’s IP and MAC address?

IP address is the identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network. Networks using the TCP/IP
protocol route messages based on the IP address of the destination. The format of an IP address is a
32-bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by periods. Each number can be zero to 255.
For example, 191.168.1.254 could be an IP address

The MAC (Media Access Control) address is your computer's unique hardware number. (On an
Ethernet LAN, it's the same as your Ethernet address.) When you're connected to the Internet from your
computer (or host as the Internet protocol thinks of it), a correspondence table relates your IP address to
your computer's physical (MAC) address on the LAN.

To find your PC’s IP and MAC address,



Open the Command program in the Microsoft Windows.



Type in “ipconfig /all”, then press the Enter button.



Your PC’s IP address is the one entitled IP Address and your PC’s MAC address is the one

entitled Physical Address.

5.2 What is Wireless LAN?

A wireless LAN (WLAN) is a network that allows access to Internet without the need for any wired
connections to the user’s machine.

5.3 What are ISM bands?

ISM stands for Industrial, Scientific and Medical; radio frequency bands that the Federal
Communications Commission (FCC) authorized for wireless LANs. The ISM bands are located at 915
+/-13 MHz, 2450 +/-50 MHz and 5800 +/-75 MHz.

5.4 How does wireless networking work?

The 802.11 standard define two modes: infrastructure mode and ad hoc mode. In infrastructure mode, the
wireless network consists of at least one access point connected to the wired network infrastructure and a

set of wireless end stations. This configuration is called a Basic Service Set (BSS). An Extended
Service Set (ESS) is a set of two or more BSSs forming a single sub-network. Since most corporate
WLANs require access to the wired LAN for services (file servers, printers, Internet links) they will
operate in infrastructure mode.

Example 1: wireless Infrastructure Mode

- 59 -

Ad hoc mode (also called peer-to-peer mode or an Independent Basic Service Set, or IBSS) is simply a
set of 802.11 wireless stations that communicate directly with one another without using an access
point or any connection to a wired network. This mode is useful for quickly and easily setting up a
wireless network anywhere that a wireless infrastructure does not exist or is not required for services,
such as a hotel room, convention center, or airport, or where access to the wired network is barred
(such as for consultants at a client site).

5.5 What is BSSID?

Example 2: wireless Ad Hoc Mode

A six-byte address is that distinguish a particular a particular access point from others. Also know as
just SSID. Serve as a network ID or name.

5.6 What is ESSID?

The Extended Service Set ID (ESSID) is the name of the network you want to access. It is used to
identify different wireless networks.

5.7 What are potential factors that may causes interference?

Factors of interference:



Obstacles: walls, ceilings, furniture… etc.



Building Materials: metal door, aluminum studs.



Electrical devices: microwaves, monitors and electrical motors.

Solutions to overcome the interferences:



Minimizing the number of walls and ceilings.



Position the WLAN antenna for best reception.



Keep WLAN devices away from other electrical devices, eg: microwaves, monitors, electric

motors…etc.



Add additional WLAN Access Points if necessary.

5.8 What are the Open System and Shared Key authentications?

IEEE 802.11 supports two subtypes of network authentication services: open system and shared key.
Under open system authentication, any wireless station can request authentication. The station that
needs to authenticate with another wireless station sends an authentication management frame that
contains the identity of the sending station. The receiving station then returns a frame that indicates
whether it recognizes the sending station. Under shared key authentication, each wireless station is
assumed to have received a secret shared key over a secure channel that is independent from the 802.11
wireless network communications channel.

5.9 What is WEP?

An option of IEEE 802.11 function is that offers frame transmission privacy similar to a wired network.
The Wired Equivalent Privacy generates secret shared encryption keys that both source and destination
stations can use to alert frame bits to avoid disclosure to eavesdroppers.

WEP relies on a secret key that is shared between a mobile station (e.g. a laptop with a wireless
Ethernet card) and an access point (i.e. a base station). The secret key is used to encrypt packets before
they are transmitted, and an integrity check is used to ensure that packets are not modified in transit.

- 60 -

5.10 What is Fragment Threshold?

The proposed protocol uses the frame fragmentation mechanism defined in IEEE 802.11 to achieve
parallel transmissions. A large data frame is fragmented into several fragments each of size equal to
fragment threshold. By tuning the fragment threshold value, we can get varying fragment sizes. The
determination of an efficient fragment threshold is an important issue in this scheme. If the fragment
threshold is small, the overlap part of the master and parallel transmissions is large. This means the
spatial reuse ratio of parallel transmissions is high. In contrast, with a large fragment threshold, the
overlap is small and the spatial reuse ratio is low. However high fragment threshold leads to low
fragment overhead. Hence there is a trade-off between spatial re-use and fragment overhead.

Fragment threshold is the maximum packet size used for fragmentation. Packets larger than the size
programmed in this field will be fragmented.

If you find that your corrupted packets or asymmetric packet reception (all send packets, for example).
You may want to try lowering your fragmentation threshold. This will cause packets to be broken into
smaller fragments. These small fragments, if corrupted, can be resent faster than a larger fragment.
Fragmentation increases overhead, so you'll want to keep this value as close to the maximum value as
possible.

5.11 What is RTS (Request to Send) Threshold?

The RTS threshold is the packet size at which packet transmission is governed by the RTS/CTS
transaction. The IEEE 802.11-1997 standard allows for short packets to be transmitted without RTS/
CTS transactions. Each station can have a different RTS threshold. RTS/CTS is used when the data
packet size exceeds the defined RTS threshold. With the CSMA/CA transmission mechanism, the
transmitting station sends out an RTS packet to the receiving station, and waits for the receiving station
to send back a CTS (Clear to Send) packet before sending the actual packet data.

This setting is useful for networks with many clients. With many clients, and a high network load, there
will be many more collisions. By lowering the RTS threshold, there may be fewer collisions, and
performance should improve. Basically, with a faster RTS threshold, the system can recover from
problems faster. RTS packets consume valuable bandwidth, however, so setting this value too low will
limit performance.

5.12 What is Beacon Interval?

In addition to data frames that carry information from higher layers, 802.11 include management and
control frames that support data transfer. The beacon frame, which is a type of management frame,
provides the "heartbeat" of a wireless LAN, enabling stations to establish and maintain
communications in an orderly fashion.

Beacon Interval represents the amount of time between beacon transmissions. Before a station enters
power save mode, the station needs the beacon interval to know when to wake up to receive the beacon
(and learn whether there are buffered frames at the access point).

5.13 What is Preamble Type ?

There are two preamble types defined in IEEE 802.11 specification. A long preamble basically gives
the decoder more time to process the preamble. All 802.11 devices support a long preamble. The short
preamble is designed to improve efficiency (for example, for VoIP systems). The difference between
the two is in the Synchronization field. The long preamble is 128 bits, and the short is 56 bits.

5.14 What is SSID Broadcast?

Broadcast of SSID is done in access points by the beacon. This announces your access point (including
various bits of information about it) to the wireless world around it. By disabling that feature, the SSID
configured in the client must match the SSID of the access point.

Some wireless devices don't work properly if SSID isn't broadcast (for example the D-link DWL-120
USB 802.11b adapter). Generally if your client hardware supports operation with SSID disabled, it's

- 61 -

not a bad idea to run that way to enhance network security. However it's no replacement for WEP,
MAC filtering or other protections.

5.15 What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)?

Wi-Fi’s original security mechanism, Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), has been viewed as insufficient
for securing confidential business communications. A longer-term solution, the IEEE 802.11i standard,
is under development. However, since the IEEE 802.11i standard is not expected to be published until
the end of 2003, several members of the WI-Fi Alliance teamed up with members of the IEEE 802.11i
task group to develop a significant near-term enhancement to Wi-Fi security. Together, this team
developed Wi-Fi Protected Access.

To upgrade a WLAN network to support WPA, Access Points will require a WPA software upgrade.
Clients will require a software upgrade for the network interface card, and possibly a software update
for the operating system. For enterprise networks, an authentication server, typically one that supports
RADIUS and the selected EAP authentication protocol, will be added to the network.

5.16 What is WPA2?

It is the second generation of WPA. WPA2 is based on the final IEEE 802.11i amendment to the 802.11
standard.

5.17 What is 802.1x Authentication?

802.1x is a framework for authenticated MAC-level access control, defines Extensible Authentication
Protocol (EAP) over LANs (WAPOL). The standard encapsulates and leverages much of EAP, which
was defined for dial-up authentication with Point-to-Point Protocol in RFC 2284.

Beyond encapsulating EAP packets, the 802.1x standard also defines EAPOL messages that convey the
shared key information critical for wireless security.

5.18 What is Temp oral Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)?

The Temporal Key Integrity Protocol, pronounced tee-kip, is part of the IEEE 802.11i encryption
standard for wireless LANs. TKIP is the next generation of WEP, the Wired Equivalency Protocol,
which is used to secure 802.11 wireless LANs. TKIP provides per-packet key mixing, a message
integrity check and a re-keying mechanism, thus fixing the flaws of WEP.

5.19 What is Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)?

Security issues are a major concern for wireless LANs, AES is the U.S. government’s next-generation
cryptography algorithm, which will replace DES and 3DES.

5.20 What is Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP)?

The IEEE 802.11f Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP) supports Access Point Vendor interoperability,
enabling roaming of 802.11 Stations within IP subnet.

IAPP defines messages and data to be exchanged between Access Points and between the IAPP and
high layer management entities to support roaming. The IAPP protocol uses TCP for inter-Access Point
communication and UDP for RADIUS request/response exchanges. It also uses Layer 2 frames to
update the forwarding tables of Layer 2 devices.

5.21 What is Wireless Distribution System (WDS)?

The Wireless Distribution System feature allows WLAN AP to talk directly to other APs via wireless
channel, like the wireless bridge or repeater service.

5.22 What is Universal Plug and Play (uPNP)?

UPnP is an open networking architecture that consists of services, devices, and control points. The

- 62 -

ultimate goal is to allow data communication among all UPnP devices regardless of media, operating
system, programming language, and wired/wireless connection.

5.23 What is Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) Size?

Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) indicates the network stack of any packet is larger than this value
will be fragmented before the transmission. During the PPP negotiation, the peer of the PPP connection
will indicate its MRU and will be accepted. The actual MTU of the PPP connection will be set to the
smaller one of MTU and the peer’s MRU.

5.24 What is Clone MAC Address?

Clone MAC address is designed for your special application that request the clients to register to a
server machine with one identified MAC address. Since that all the clients will communicate outside
world through the WLAN Broadband Router, so have the cloned MAC address set on the WLAN
Broadband Router will solve the issue.

5.25 What is DDNS?

DDNS is the abbreviation of Dynamic Domain Name Server. It is designed for user owned the DNS
server with dynamic WAN IP address.

5.26 What is NTP Client?

NTP client is designed for fetching the current timestamp from internet via Network Time protocol.
User can specify time zone, NTP server IP address.

5.27 What is VPN?

VPN is the abbreviation of Virtual Private Network. It is designed for creating point-to point private
link via shared or public network.

5.28 What is IPSEC?

IPSEC is the abbreviation of IP Security. It is used to transferring data securely under VPN.

5.29 What is WLAN Block Relay between Clients?

An Infrastructure Basic Service Set is a BSS with a component called an Access Point (AP). The access
point provides a local relay function for the BSS. All stations in the BSS communicate with the access
point and no longer communicate directly. All frames are relayed between stations by the access point.
This local relay function effectively doubles the range of the IBSS.

5.30 What is WMM?

WMM is based on a subset of the IEEE 802.11e WLAN QoS draft standard. WMM adds prioritized
capabilities to Wi-Fi networks and optimizes their performance when multiple concurring applications,
each with different latency and throughput requirements, compete for network resources. By using
WMM, end-user satisfaction is maintained in a wider variety of environments and traffic conditions.
WMM makes it possible for home network users and enterprise network managers to decide which
data streams are most important and assign them a higher traffic priority.

5.31 What is WLAN ACK TIMEOUT?

ACK frame has to receive ACK timeout frame. If remote does not receive in specified period, it will be
retransmitted.

5.32 What is Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS)?

MCS is Wireless link data rate for 802.11n. The throughput/range performance of an AP will depend on
its implementation of coding schemes. MCS includes variables such as the number of spatial streams,

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modulation, and the data rate on each stream. Radios establishing and maintaining a link must
automatically negotiate the optimum MCS based on channel conditions and then continuously adjust
the selection of MCS as conditions change due to interference, motion, fading, and other events.

5.33 What is Frame Aggregation?

Every 802.11 packet, no matter how small, has a fixed amount of overhead associated with it. Frame
Aggregation combines multiple smaller packets together to form one larger packet. The larger packet
can be sent without the overhead of the individual packets. This technique helps improve the efficiency
of the 802.11n radio allowing more end user data to be sent in a given time.

5.34 What is Guard Intervals (GI)?

A GI is a period of time between symbol transmission that allows reflections (from multipath) from the
previous data transmission to settle before transmitting a new symbol. The 802.11n draft specifies two
guard intervals: 400ns (short) and 800ns (long). Support of the 400ns GI is optional for transmit and
receive. The purpose of a guard interval is to introduce immunity to propagation delays, echoes, and
reflections to which digital data is normally very sensitive.

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