OSRAM QUICKTRONIC INTELLIGENT DIM CFL User Manual
www.osram.dewww.osram.com June 2009
QUICKTRONIC® DALI/DIM Technical Guide.
Dimmable Electronic Control Gears for Fluorescent Lamps.
•
DALI/1…10 V Basics
•
Product Overview and Features
•
Installation and Operation Instructions
Contents
1 Introduction .................................................................4
1.1 Dimmable lighting systems ..............................................4
1.1.1 Economy .........................................................................4
1.1.2 Lighting comfort ..............................................................5
1.1.3 Reliability/Safety .............................................................. 6
1.1.4 The right control unit for every application ....................... 6
2 Overview of dimmable control gear ........................... 7
2.1 Block diagrams of a digital/analog dimmable ECG .......... 7
2.2 DALI in comparison to 1…10 V and EIB/LON..................8
2.2.1 DALI and 1…10 V characteristics ....................................8
2.3 DALI installation & features ............................................ 10
2.3.1 Simplified installation .....................................................10
2.3.2 Construction site mode ................................................. 10
2.3.3 Benefits of DALI ECG in group assignment....................10
2.3.4 Integrated scene memory ..............................................10
2.3.5 Status report from the ECG ........................................... 10
2.3.6 No more switching relays ..............................................11
2.3.7 Addressing is not essential ............................................11
2.4 Installation and wiring instructions ................................. 11
2.4.1 Burning-in instructions/Cable insulation .........................11
2.4.2 Safety instructions .........................................................13
2.4.3
2.4.4 Operation of multiple ECGs in a luminaire ......................16
2.4.5 Wiring examples of dimmable electronic control gear: ...17
2.5 The DALI interface – technical details ............................ 18
2.5.1 The principle of the DALI system ...................................18
2.5.2 DALI topology ...............................................................19
2.5.3 DALI parameters in the ECG ......................................... 19
2.5.4 Requirements to be met by the transmission cable .......20
2.5.5 Wiring diagram for DALI ECGs ...................................... 20
2.6 DALI data transmission .................................................22
2.6.1 Behavior in the event of a fault.......................................23
2.7 The DALI dimming curve ...............................................23
2.7.1 Brief overview of the most important dimming values ....24
2.8 Features of the digital interface ......................................25
2.9 Characteristics of the 1…10 V interface ........................26
2.9.1 The 1…10 V dimming curve ..........................................28
Radio interference suppression of dimmable luminaires
...14
3 Additional characteristics of dimmable electronic
control gear from OSRAM ......................................... 29
3.1 OSRAM DALI/1…10 V ECGs: Added-value through
intelligent features .........................................................29
3.2 OSRAM DALI ECGs and TouchDIM interface ................ 30
3.2.1 Wiring and line compensation .......................................31
3.2.2 Operating parameters for TouchDIM..............................32
3.2.3 Compensation of interference........................................32
3.2.4 TouchDIM operation ......................................................33
1
3.2.5 Operating modes with TouchDIM .................................. 33
3.2.6 Asynchronism/Automation of the system .......................36
3.2.6.1 Prevention/remedying of asynchronism ......................... 36
3.2.6.2 Synchronization .............................................................36
3.2.7 Behavior after mains voltage failure ...............................37
3.3
3.3.1 Mains failure at the sub-distributor (UV) .........................39
3.3.2 Mains failure at the main distributor (HV) ........................ 40
3.3.4 Emergency DC operation of the lighting system without
3.3.5 QTi DALI: Advantages in emergency lighting
3.4 OSRAM DALI LUMINAIRE TOOL (DLT) ..........................40
3.5 Basic circuits of 1…10 V control gear ............................42
3.5.1 1…10 V: Staircase operating modes ............................. 43
3.5.1.1 Applications ..................................................................43
3.5.1.2 Control via analog output .............................................. 45
3.5.1.3 Interface circuit ..............................................................45
3.5.1.4 Control via instabus EIB ................................................ 46
3.6 Special wiring diagrams, tips and tricks .........................46
3.6.1 Temperature-dependent control ....................................46
3.6.2 Limits of the control voltage ...........................................47
3.6.3 Cable length of the 1…10 V control line ........................48
3.6.4 1…10 V DIM ECGs and emergency lighting ..................48
3.7 Terminals/Cable cross sections/Wire stripping lengths ...49
3.7.1 Inserting and releasing the connection cables ...............50
3.7.2 Cable cross sections ....................................................51
3.7.3 Basic insulation .............................................................51
3.7.4 Holders ......................................................................... 51
3.7.5 Master-slave circuit .......................................................51
3.7.6 Minimum reflector gaps .................................................51
3.8 Temperature response of dimmable ECGs from
3.8.1 Intelligent thermal management in hot luminaires ........... 52
3.8.2 Color temperature .........................................................56
3.8.3 Outdoor applications .....................................................56
3.8.4 Functional test of luminaires ..........................................57
3.9 Dimming of amalgam lamps ..........................................57
3.9.1
3.9.2 The benefits of amalgam technology ............................. 61
OSRAM DALI ECGs in emergency lighting applications ....
monitoring module ........................................................ 40
applications ...................................................................40
OSRAM .........................................................................52
Dynamic dimming procedures with amalgam lamps ....... 60
37
4
5 Dimming of compact fluorescent lamps .................64
5.1 Unique features of the new OSRAM CFL ECGs .............65
6 The DALI Activity Group (AG DALI) ...........................67
System energy consumption and dimmer setting ...
2
63
7 Tender documents .....................................................68
8 Frequently asked questions (FAQ) ........................... 72
8.1 Part of DALI ..................................................................72
8.1.1 TouchDIM .....................................................................72
8.1.2 DALI in general ..............................................................73
8.1.3 DALI to 1…10 V converter ............................................76
8.1.4 Troubleshooting TouchDIM mode .................................. 76
8.1.5 Troubleshooting DALI controllers ................................... 77
8.1.6 DALI to 1…10 V converter ............................................77
8.2 Part of 1…10 V DIM ECGs ............................................77
8.2.1 Troubleshooting 1…10 V ...............................................79
9 Appendix .....................................................................80
9.1 Starting currents and max. number of ECGs in
automatic cutouts ......................................................... 80
9.1.1 Minimum triggering levels for B/C characteristic ............ 80
9.2 DALI fade time and fade rate .........................................81
9.3 Lamp wiring ..................................................................81
9.4 Operating parameters of the ECG lamp combinations ...84
9.5 Energy classifications ....................................................85
9.6 The DALI standard (IEC 62386) at a glance ................... 86
Index .....................................................................................87
3
1 Introduction
1.1 Dimmable lighting systems
Dimmable electronic control gears (DIM ECGs) are playing an
increasingly important role in all areas of application of modern
lighting technology. Dimmable ECGs from OSRAM, integrated in a
building management system, form the heart of intelligent lighting systems which save up to 80 % of energy compared to conventional
electronic control gears. The reason for this is that many requirements
of a lighting system are simple and elegant to realize by means of light
control. Economy, lighting comfort, reliability and safety are the driving
forces here.
1.1.1 Economy
Intelligent energy-saving concepts in building management lower the
lighting costs many times over:
• Up to 50 % less power consumption compared to operation with
magnetic, conventional electronic control gears (CCG)
• More than 50 % longer lamp lifetime compared to operation with
ECG and low-loss electronic control gears (LLG) through defined
lamp operation ! Lower maintenance costs
• Lowering of energy costs for air conditioning systems by reducing
the cooling load
Figure 1: Global energy saving potential with dimmable electronic
control gear
4
1.1.2 Lighting comfort
Lighting situations at the touch of a button (lighting scenes), also with
integrated presence detection and daylight/time-dependent control,
increase lighting comfort. The features of a high-quality dimmable
ECG also include:
• Flicker-free ignition
• Comfortable, continuously dimmable (1(3)…100 %) and flicker-free
lighting without stroboscopic effects
• Virtually noise-free, no irritating humming of chokes (CCG/LLG)
• No flashing of defective lamps
• Automatic restart after lamp replacement
• Easy-to-use, feedback messages to the control unit and configuration of personal lighting values create individuality
Figure 2: Energy saving and increased lighting comfort through inte-
grated presence detection with daylight/time-dependent control
This has been made possible mostly thanks to technical develop-
ments. Modern dimmable ECGs with digital (DALI = Digital Address-
able Lighting Interface) or analog (1…10 V) interface in combination
with corresponding control elements, control units and sensors create
the preconditions for simple and low-cost realization of more efficient
and convenient lighting systems.
5
1.1.3 Reliability/Safety
•
•
•
•
•
Reliability and safety play a crucial role in the use of electronic control
gear. Key features of high-quality ECGs include:
• Preheating of both lamp filaments
• Dependable lamp ignition to an ambient temperature of -20 °C
• Dependable lamp operation in the temperature range of -20 °C to
1
75 °C
• Dependable shutdown of the ECG in the event of a fault and at
"End of Life" (EoL)
• Compliance with all current applicable ECG standards:
• Safety (EN61347)
• Performance (EN60929)
• Harmonic current emissions (EN61000-3-2)
• Radio interference suppression from 9 kHz to 300 MHz
(EN55015: 2006 + A1:2007)/CDN measurement
• Immunity (EN61547)
1.1.4 The right control unit for every application
Dimmable ECGs have a very wide range of uses. Some examples of
applications are offices and industrial buildings with light-dependent
control, conference and assembly rooms with lighting for the particular situation or CAD offices and switch rooms with individually adjustable light levels. The core of the lighting system are the dimmable
QUICKTRONIC Intelligent
®
ECGs from OSRAM with DALI or 1…10 V
interface (QTi DALI/DIM) for the operation of compact and fluorescent
lamps. These are controlled by a control unit, a sensor or a simple
button/rotary dimmer switch. The choice of the right dimming components for controlling the lighting depends on the desired application.
The requirement profile of the dimmable lighting system must, therefore, be defined in detail.
1
at a dimming setting of 100 % → max. ECG output to the lamp
6
2 Overview of dimmable
electronic control gears
2.1 Block diagrams of a digital/analog dimmable ECGs
2
a) Digital dimmable ECG with DALI interface
b) Analog dimmable ECG with 1…10 V interface
Figure 3: EMC filters and safety shutdown are important elements of
high-quality dimmable electronic control gears.
2
• Power Factor Correction: Correction of the line current harmonics
• HF half-bridge generator (40 kHz – 120 kHz) with resonance circuit
• Safety shutdown incl. “End of Life“ detection
• Cs: Storage capacitor
• EMC filter for HF interference signals from 9 kHz to 300 MHz
7
2.2 DALI in comparison to 1…10 V and EIB/LON
What modern lighting technology needs is a system that is as flexible
as it is simple, a system that focuses on room-based lighting
control with just a few low-cost components, minimal wiring and a
user-friendly operating concept. The lighting industry has therefore developed a new digital communication standard for lighting systems:
DALI closes the gap between the former 1…10 V technology and
complex bus systems. DALI can be used either as a very simple local solution or as a subsystem integrated in a building management
system.
Figure 4: Overview of 1…10 V, DALI and EIB/LON
With traditional electrical installations and even with the widely used
analog 1…10 V interface such requirements are very difficult to meet
and involve a great deal of time, effort and expense. A large number
of components have to be used to enable a programmed scene to
be changed, to provide flexible grouping at the same time and then
possibly to integrate these settings in a daylight-dependent control
system.
2.2.1 DALI and 1…10 V characteristics
The basis for any control system are the defined physical proper-
ties at the interface and the properties of the interface cables as the
transmission medium. Thanks to a high signal-to-noise ratio and wide
ranges for digital “low” and “high”, it is virtually impossible with DALI
for data transfer to be affected by interference. Consequently, there is
no need to use shielded control cables. As in the case of the 1...10 V
interface, the mains and control inputs in the ECGs are electrically
isolated. A conscious decision was taken not to use safety extra-low
voltage (SELV) in order to offer low-cost installation without additional
8
special lines or cable penetrations. A 5 x 1.5 mm2 NYM cable, for
example, can be used for the mains feed and DALI.
1…10 V DALI
Potential-free control input Potential-free control input
Two-wire line (with +/- polarity) Two-wire line (polarity-free)
Dimming curve, luminous flux linear Dimming curve, optically linear
(= logarithmic), matching the sensitivity of
the eye
Non-addressable
• Wiring acc. to groups required
Not possible Scene memory (max. 16)
Not possible
Not possible Status messages of the DALI controllers
Addressing possible:
• Individual (max. 64 addresses)
• In groups (max. 16)
• All together
! No wiring acc. to groups
Individual addressing of the DALI ECG
• Lamp faults
• Operating life
• Dimmer setting
Not possible Individual dimming options
• Storing the last dimming value as a starting value
External mains voltage switch
(e.g.: relay)
Common mains supply and control line
possible through:
Basic insulation
Integrated mains voltage switch (switchoff of the ECG via DALI interface, no relay
necessary)
Common mains supply and control line
possible through mains:
TouchDIM interface
• Control with mains voltage
vation of the mains voltage phase
! No separate bus line
• Conventional, commercially available
buttons
Table 1: Comparison between 1...10 V and DALI
without obser-
9
2.3 DALI installation & features
2.3.1 Simplified installation
The installation of DALI is carried out with commercially available in-
stallation material for 230 V line voltage. The two wires of the five-wire
cables (e.g. NYM 5 x 1.5 mm²) that are not needed can be used for
the DALI interface - regardless of polarity. Thus, no separate bus cable is required! The ECG and control unit
line voltage phases.
2.3.2 Construction site mode
The ECGs can be switched on or off at any time via the fuse protec-
tion even if there is no controller installed or programmed (basic DALI
function). With ECGs straight from the factory the lighting is always
switched on at 100 % luminous flux.
2.3.3 Benefits of DALI ECG with group assignment
Each ECG in the DALI system can be addressed individually and digi-
tally. Each ECG is assigned an address and group association on
start-up. Each ECG may belong to as many as 16 groups – and to
several groups at the same time. The ECGs can be addressed individually, in groups or all together. The group assignment can be changed
at any time without rewiring.
can be operated on different
2.3.4 Integrated scene memory
Each ECG can store up to 16 light values, irrespective of the group
assignments. Fading from one scene to the next is synchronous. This
means that all ECGs start fading to the new scene at the same time
and finish at the same time (by varying the dimming rate).
2.3.5 Status report from the ECG
The control unit can query the status of each and every ECG. This
enables a lamp fault (or failure) or the brightness of a lamp to be determined, for example. The feedback capability of the OSRAM DALI
ECG is crucial in association with complex bus systems (EIB, LON) in
building management systems (e.g.: the OSRAM BASIC checks for
lamp faults and can forward these via a potential-free message contact; the OSRAM Advanced provides the option of analysis by
of the HPT (Hand Programming Tool, see www.osram.com/ecg-lms)
means
.
10
2.3.6 No more switching relays
The ECGs are switched on and off via the interface. The
nal relays required for switching are therefore no longer
former exter-
needed.
2.3.7 Addressing is not essential
DALI can also be used without any addressing (groups or individual
addresses). A method known as broadcast mode is used here, which
simply means that all control units are addressed together.
2.4 Installation and wiring instructions
2.4.1 Burning-in instructions/Cable insulation
• For forming and basic stabilization new lamps must be burned in
for 100 hours at 100 % dimmer setting (undimmed). Interruptions
during the burning-in are permissible. In dimming operation without
burning-in this can result in the lamps flickering, premature endblackening and shorter operating life. For measurements based on
IEC 60081, the lamps must also be correspondingly burned in, in
order to achieve maximum luminous flux and optimum lamp stabili-
3
ty.
• Dimming is generally only possible with filament preheating. The
filament temperature must be kept constant by auxiliary heating as
this can to lead to effects such as tungsten depletion (sputtering)
or to elevated vaporization of the emitter material.
• The control input (DALI or 1…10 V) is insulated from the mains
(230 V voltage-proof) by basic insulation (not SELV). The mains
cable and control line can therefore be routed together in a 5-core
NYM cable.
4
! Solution: Intermediate reaction due to carbonate compounds from which the oxides are formed
3
The electrodes of a low pressure discharge lamp are coated with an emitter (barium, strontium and
calcium oxide) to reduce the work function of the electrons from the tungsten filament wire. These
oxides are strongly hygroscopic and interact with the humidity of the air (consequence: relatively low
light yield, high lamp voltage and short service life of the lamp)
at temperatures above 600 °C. The actual reduction of the filament work function requires atomic
barium on the emitter surface, which is only fully formed at the max. dimming setting (100 % luminous flux) and high temperatures (1900 K electrode temperature) over a time period of 100 h. If
these conditions are not fulfilled, an increased cathode voltage drop results and leads to material
deposits on the filament: Reduced service life
4
In accordance with DIN VDE 0100 Part 520 Section 528.11, main current circuits and associated
auxiliary circuits can be laid together, even if the auxiliary circuits carry a lower voltage than the main
current circuits.
11
Note (acc. to DIN VDE 0100/11.85, T 520, Sect. 528.11):
•
•
•
• Cables or lines that are insulated for the maximum operating
voltage must be used, or each conductor of a multi-wire cable/
line must be insulated for the next voltage appearing in the
cable/line.
• When laying conductor lines in electrical installation pipes or
ducts only the conductors of a main power circuit including the
associated auxiliary power circuit may be laid together
• Several main power circuits including the associated auxiliary
power circuits can also be combined in a single cable or line
• Cables and terminals approved for use the mains voltage (230 V)
must be used for the installation
• The installation must be carried out in such a way that when the
supply voltage is switched off, all signal and control cables are also
switched off at the same time
• All components of the main power and control power circuits must
be designed for 250 V working voltage to ground
• All the luminaires must be wired with H05 cables provided U
does not exceed 430 V
and also be subjected to an insulation
eff,
OUT
test (in accordance with VDE) in conjunction with OSRAM DALI/
DIM ECGs. OSRAM QUICKTRONIC DALI/DIM ECGs do not exceed 430 V
even for T5-Ø 16 mm HE and HO florescent lamps.
eff
12
2.4.2 Safety instructions
Electronic control gear should be installed and maintained by qualified
electricians only
Disconnect electronic control gear from the power supply before
maintenance work
Use indoors only
13
2.4.3 Radio interference suppression of dimmable luminaires
The use of dimmable ECG is only approved in luminaires of protection
class I (PC I) as only here is adequate grounding assured.
Note:
When dimming, the operating frequency of the lamp and the lamp
burning voltage increases at the same time which can lead to elevated
leakage currents. Leakage currents emerging from the lamp always
flow back into the ECG because the current circuit must be closed. To
keep cable-related interference as low as possible, the leakage current is offered a different return path, the ground conductor (=casing)
and the PE connection of the ECG.
In brief: Dimming is not possible without grounding. Dimmable ECGs
only function in PC I luminaires and not in PC II luminaires as these
have no protection contact. Connecting the dimmable ECG to the
functional ground is not permissible.
L N
L N
Radio interference suppression with PC I
R
R
Lamp
Grounded metal plate or reflector
ECG
PE
Figure 5: Protection class I luminaires
The maximum 50 Hz leakage current of the ECG via the ground fault
circuit interrupter (FI switch) is 0.5 mA.
• Mains cables and control lines may be routed together and should
be laid close to the luminaire wall
•
Mains and control cables must not be laid close to the lamp cables
• If crossovers of mains and lamp cables are unavoidable, they
should cross perpendicularly
• Do not lay the PE conductor together with the lamp cables
• Do not use shielded lamp cables (reduction of capacity leakage
currents)
• The OSRAM DALI/DIM ECG must always be installed near the
lamp(s) so that the lamp cables can be kept short in the interests of
good radio interference protection
14
Notes:
•
•
• Max. lamp cable length of the "hot end" (higher potential to
ground): T5, T8: 1 m/T4: 0.5 m
• Excessively long lamp cables cause the following problems:
- Poor radio interference suppression
- Uncertain lamp detection (not in T8)
- Poor synchronization of 2-lamp OSRAM DALI/DIM ECGs
• Lay the lamp cables close together and close to the lamp
• Lamp cables must not be laid in metal pipes and must not be
shielded cables
• Guide the cables of the different lamp ends separately
• In the case of multi-lamp OSRAM DALI/DIM ECGs, the cables to
the respective lamp ends must be of the same length to prevent
differences in the brightness
• When dimming florescent lamps the maximum lamp voltage is
reached at the lowest dimmer setting (3 %-10 %) due to the negative current-voltage characteristic
Maximum line lengths between dimmable ECG
(QTi DALI/DIM) and lamps
Cold ends* Hot ends*
1-lamp 21, 22 1-lamp 26, 27
2-lamp 21, 22, 23 2-lamp 24, 25, 26, 27
T5
T8
1.5 m 1.0 m
1.5 m (2 m HF DIM) 1.0 m (1.5 m HF DIM)
DULUX D/E, T/E Every 0.5 m
Table 2: Maximum cable lengths between dimmable ECGs and
lamps
* "Hot ends" are the lamp cables that have the highest potential to the
switching ground or protective ground. The other "cold ends" of the
lamp cables have a lower potential to ground.
Note:
• Maximum capacitance of a filament cable pair to ground:
T5: 75 pF
T8/DL: 150 pF
• Maximum capacitance between "hot" and "cold":
T5: 15 pF
T8: 30 pF
15
2.4.4 Operation of multiple ECGs in a luminaire
If several dimmable ECGs are operated in a luminaire, there can be
interference effects and hence to flickering, jerky dimming or even to
shutdown of the ECGs if they have not been correctly installed. The
cause for this are inductions between the lamp current circuits of several ECGs: If a lamp running at 100 % transfers just 1 % of its current
into the neighboring lamp dimmed to 1 %, this represents a fault of
100 %. The same applies to coupling between a heating current circuit, i.e. feed and return lines to one side of the lamp and the neighboring lamp circuit.
There should, therefore, be a minimum spacing of 12 cm between the
lamp circuits (lamp and cables) of different ECGs. If this is not possible, the lamp wiring must be carefully installed so coupling between
the lamp circuits is reduced to a minimum:
• Lay the lamp cables close to the appropriate lamps so that the
area covered by the lamp circuit is as small as possible. The lamp
circuits of the two ECGs must not overlap. This is particularly important for color control if adjacent ECGs are dimmed to different
levels.
• There should be a spacing of several centimeters between the
lamp cables of two ECGs
• The "short" (hot) lamp cables (see also ECG imprint) should lead to
one side of the lamp and should be as short as possible. The "long“
(cold) lamp cables to the other side of the lamp (see Table 2)
• Mains and control cables should not be laid close to the lamp ca-
bles (prevents undesired couplings into the control cable)
• All the mains and control cables may be routed together. To ensure
that radio interference suppression is not impaired, there should be
a gap of several centimeters to the lamp cables.
16
The better these recommendations are implemented, the more stable
is the light at the lowest dimmer setting, even with a very small lamp
spacing – and, hence, the full temperature range of the ECGs can be
used.
• In the "worst case" twist the cables of the heating circuits together,
hence ensuring they lie close together. With 1-lamp ECGs these
are the 21-22 and 26-27 cables, with 2-lamp ECGs; 21-22 and
21-23, 24-25 and 26-27. This is particularly important if adjacent
ECGs are operated at the lowest dimmer setting (1(3)%).
If there still are problems: Remove all lamps except for the most
"problematic" ECG – this will eliminate possible faults from the other
lamps. If the lamp then works correctly over the entire dimming range,
the decoupling measures for the other lamps (cables) are still not adequate.
2.4.5 Wiring examples of dimmable electronic control gear
Figure 6: Three 1-lamp ECGs
Correct: Wrong:
The lamp lines are laid close to
the respective lamps.
There are no overlapping lamp
current circuits. The “hot" side
is up and the “cold" is down.
17
The lamp lines of all ECGs are laid
together, also overlapping lamp
current circuits are formed in this
way.
Figure 7: Three 2-lamp ECGs
Correct: Wrong:
The lamp lines are laid close
to the respective lamps. The
overlapping of the three right
lamp current circuits is minimized.
Note:
T5 florescent lamps must be used so that the lamp stamps are on
the same side. The lamp stamp must be underneath (Cold Spot) in
the upright burning position. If this is not the case, the lamp parameters will fluctuate which can lead to unstable burning behavior of the
lamp.
2.5 The DALI interface – technical details
DALI defines the digital communication between a control unit with
DALI interface and a DALI controller (ECG). The detailed specifications
of the DALI interface can be found in IEC 62386.
The lamp lines of all ECGs are laid
together, also overlapping lamp
current circuits are formed in this
way.
2.5.1 The DALI system principle
Each control unit works as a "master" and controls communication on
the control cable. ECGs, in contrast, may only respond as a "slave" to
a request of the "master".
DALI relies on consistent intelligence distributed throughout the
system, an intelligent control unit communicates with intelligent components. For example, the control unit only issues the command:
"Scene 1" and the processor in the ECG adopts the desired light
value. This way all ECGs achieve the set value at the same time.
18
2.5.2 DALI topology
•
•
•
The DALI ECGs are wired in parallel to each other and groups are not
taken into consideration. Star configurations are also possible. Ring
wiring is not permitted (indicated by X in the diagram). There is also no
need for terminating resistors on the communication cable.
Figure 8: DALI topology
2.5.3 DALI parameters in the ECG
The following data can be stored in the DALI ECGs when a DALI
system is started up:
• Group assignment of the DALI ECG (max. 16 groups, multiple
assignment is possible)
• Individual address for accessing each ECG directly (max. 64)
• Lighting values for the individual scenes (max. 16)
• ECG parameters that determine the behavior of the ECG:
• Dimming rate
•
• Behavior when the mains voltage is restored (Power On Level)
Behavior if the voltage fails on the interface (System Failure Level)
In addition to the above-mentioned options, it is always possible to
address all the devices together, even without programming the devices beforehand (construction site function).
19
2.5.4 Requirements to be met by the transmission cable
When selecting a cable make sure that the voltage drop on the line
does not exceed 2 V at 250 mA. As with 1…10 V systems, the power
supply and control line can be run in the same cable. This means, for
example, a 5-core NYM cable can be used to connect the DALI ECG
without any problems. The maximum permitted total length of cable
between the controller and the connected ECG is 300 m.
Cross section of the power cable:
A = L x I x 0.018
A = Line cross section in mm², L = Cable length in meters,
I = Max. current of the supply voltage in A,
0.018 = Specific resistance of copper
The following formula is used as a basis for finding the cable cross
section (transmission and power cable):
Line length
Line cross section
up to 100 m 100 to 150 m 150 to 300 m
0.5 mm
2
0.75 mm
2
1.5 mm
2
Note:
Because of the different technical properties of the DALI interface in
control units found on the market and the differing local conditions of
the installation, it is recommended to limit the overall line lengths used
in the system to 300 m.
2.5.5 Wiring diagram for DALI ECGs
For reasons of clarity it is recommended to use the black and the gray
cable for DALI.
Neutral conductor
e.g.
Protective earth
Figure 9: Wiring diagram for DALI controllers
20
Controllers and electronic control gears may be connected to different
power supply phases.
L3
L2
L1
N
PE
LNPE DADA
DALI
controller
~
~
ECG Quicktronic DALI
DA
DA
~
~
ECG Quicktronic DALI
DA
DA
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
Lamp
Lamp
~
~
ECG Quicktronic DALI
DA
DA
L1NPEDA L2 L3DA
Figure 10: Wiring diagram for DALI controllers
1
2
3
4
Lamp
21
2.6 DALI data transfer
Undefined
Undefined
"Low Level"
receiver range
22.5 V max.
9.5 V min.
20.5 V max.
11.5 V min.
16 V typ.
0 V typ.
Receiver unitSender unit
6.5 V max.
-6.5 V min.
4.5 V max.
-4.5 V min.
8 V typ.
Undefined
“High Level"
sender range
“Low Level"
sender range
“High Level"
receiver range
With DALI, data telegrams are produced by short-circuiting and re-
leasing the line in order to generate the corresponding "low" or "high"
logic states. This may be caused by either the ECG or by the controller. In the event of a short-circuit the current is limited by the interface
supply to 250 mA. In the idle state (no data transfer) approx. 16 V
on the ECG. The following figures illustrate data transfer via DALI:
DC
is
Figure 11: Voltage level on the DALI interface
22
Vol tag e
Low level
“Biphase" databit
coded with value “1"
“Biphase" databit
coded with value “0"
High level (= idle state)
Incoming data
telegram
Current consumption < 2 mA
Current
ECG response
Current consumption
< 250 mA (active limit
by the DALI supply)
Figure 12: Data transfer using the Manchester code on the DALI line
Data is transferred using the Manchester code. The signal edges in
the middle of the bit carry the information here. A trailing edge indicates a logical zero and a rising edge a logical one.
2.6.1 Behavior in the event of a fault
If there is no power at the DALI interface (controller faulty or switched
off), the System Failure Level is set. The Power On Level is activated
after a mains voltage failure (230 V). The System Failure Level has the
higher priority.
Both values are set at the factory to 100 % luminous flux, but can
be individually programmed with the Dali Luminaire Tool (DLT) from
OSRAM, for example.
2.7 The DALI dimming curve
IEC 62386 defines the dimming range of a DALI controller from 0.1 to
100 %. The dimming curve is shown in the graphic below. As far as
the eye is concerned, this categorization is a linear response
5
accord-
ing to the Weber-Fechner Law.
5
The Weber-Fechner law states that the subjective strength of sensory stimuli is
logarithmically related to the objective intensity of the physical stimulus.
23
The dependency of the relative luminous flux X (n) on the digital 8-bit
.%8 ,2
)(
)1()(
Const
nX
nXnX
==
+−
value n is described by the following correlation:
−=n
1
253
3
10)(
nX
!
This results in the following graphical association:
Figure 13: DALI dimming curve
2.7.1 Brief overview of the most important dimming values
0 0,1 0,5 1,0 3 5 10 20
0 1 60 85 126 144 170 195
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
210 220 229 235 241 246 250 254
percentage luminous flux
digital dimming value
percentage luminous flux
digital dimming value
Table 3: Values of digital dimming value against percentage luminous
flux
As not all DALI controllers start at 0.1 % luminous flux, the smallest
value for DALI ECG is 85 for example (corresponds to 1 % luminous
flux). All values below 85 (except for 0 = off) are interpreted as the
minimum light level. To ensure that the transitions from one digital level
to the next are not visible, DALI ECGs from OSRAM feature digital
“smoothing" (this is an additional function of the QTi for increasing
lighting comfort and is not part of the DALI standard).
24
2.8 Features of the digital interface
• IEC 62386 – This allows the combination of units from different
manufacturers. A special feature to be noted is that the DALI man-
ufacturers represented in the AG DALI.
6
test their units together in
order to guarantee high functional security.
• Physical usable data rate of 1200 bit/s enables fault-free opera-
7
tion
• Safe interference voltage gap – the generously dimensioned inter-
ference voltage gap of the high and low level guarantee safe operation
• Data coding – the Manchester code is used; its structure allows
detection of transmission errors
• Maximum system current – the maximum current that a central in-
terface
8
supply must deliver is 250 mA. Each control unit may take
max. 2 mA. This must be taken into consideration when selecting
the interface supply.
• Limited system size – a maximum of 64 control units with an in-
dividual address can be operated differently in a single system
• Feedback of information – ON/OFF, current brightness value of the
connected lamps, lamp status etc. are possible
• Two-wire control line – there should be two basic insulations be-
tween two conductors. Hence, single-layer insulation of a conductor is adequate. Control and supply lines can be laid together; a
minimum cross section of the line must be maintained here. The
maximum line length between two connected system subscribers
must not exceed 300 meters
• Potential-free control input – the control input is electrically sepa-
rated from the mains supply. The ECGs can thus be operated on
different outer conductors (phases)
• No terminating resistors required – the interface lines do not need
to be connected to resistors
The DALI interface of the control unit also supplies the DALI interface of the
6
Every ECG manufacturer that has the DALI logo on its ECG is a member of the
AG DALI
7
40 commands/s and 16 bits ! 640 bit/s
8
DALI interface on the control unit:
connected DALI components. To ensure that the total current of max. 250 mA
permitted for DALI is not exceeded, no other DALI supplies or DALI controllers
can be connected to this system. In order not to exceed the max. permissible
voltage drop of 2 V on the interface lines, the line cross section must be chosen
according to the table in the technical details (2.5.4).
25
• Dimming range 1 %…100 % (the lower limit depends on the lamp
and manufacturer). The progression of the characteristic is standardized and adapted to the sensitivity of the eye (logarithmic
characteristic). Because of the standardization, a similar sense of
brightness is achieved when using control units from different manufacturers
• Programmable dimming times – special settings such as light
change speeds (e.g. from 1 % to 100 % dimmer setting) are possible
• Disconnection of the data line – the specified light values are ad-
opted automatically
• Storage of light scenes (different group-dependent dimming states)
– up to 16 scenes can be stored
• Connection via converter to building management systems – the
interface is primarily conceived for room applications; it can be integrated into building management systems via gateways
• Simple system reconfiguration – once the system is set up and
configured, changes of the system function, the light scene and
light functions are only a matter of configuration and do not require
any changes to the hardware. Example: Regrouping of luminaires
in a large office building
• Simple integration of new components – if an existing illumination
system is to be extended, new components can be added anywhere within the system. Attention must be paid here to adequate
dimensioning of the system supply
• Polarity freedom of the interface
2.9 Characteristics of the 1…10 V interface
Note:
This chapter is based on OSRAM ECGs types QTi DIM and HF DIM,
abbreviated to OSRAM DIM ECGs in the following
• Control is carried out via a fail-safe DC signal of 10 V (maximum
brightness; control line open) to 1 V (minimum brightness; control
line shorted)
• The control power is generated by the ECG (max. current: 0.6 mA
per ECG)
• The voltage on the control line is voltage-insulated from the mains
line (basic insulation), but there is no safety extra-low voltage
(SELV)
• ECGs in different phases can be dimmed by the same controller
26
Note:
•
•
Due to the characteristics of the 1…10 V interface, the following must
be noted:
• All control lines of an ECG installation must be connected with the
right polarity (+/-)
• The control line is voltage-insulated from the mains line but there is
no safety extra-low voltage (SELV). Therefore, cables and terminals
that are approved for supply voltage 230V must be used for the
installation
• The control voltage is simple to limit upwards or downwards with
resistors; several control units can be combined with one another
• The correct function of the ECG can be tested as follows:
• Switch-on of the ECG with open control line. The lamp must
ignite and burn with max. luminous flux
• Switch-on of the ECG with shorted control line (wire jumper).
The lamp must burn with min. luminous flux
• Each OSRAM DIM ECG can be used as a normally non-dimmable
ECG if there is no control unit connected to the control line
• The dimmable ECGs are only dimmed via the 1…10 V interface
and switched via the mains line
• The maximum load capacity of the control unit (switched output
and 1…10 V output) must be heeded
• The connected control unit must always be able to handle the cur-
rent supplied in the control line by the ECG (current sink) and to
reduce the control voltage. This precept is fulfilled by accordingly dimensioned potentiometers as well as by all OSRAM control
components. Normal power supplies, converter boards etc. do not
necessarily have this characteristic! To check, connect the control
unit, set to the lowest brightness and measure the voltage on the
control line. The set value is 1V or less
• OSRAM DIM ECGs cannot be dimmed via the mains line (e.g. with
phase control mode, round control pulses etc.)
27
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