Oriel Instruments MS257-M-MC-A, MS257-M-FH-D, MS257-M-FH-A, MS257-M-FH-L, MS257-M-MC-D User Manual
...
MS257 USB/RS232
MONOCHROMATOR
AND
SPECTROGRAPH
User's
MODELS:
MS257-M-MC-L, MS257-M-MC-D, MS257-M-MT-A, MS257-M-MT-L, MS257-MMT-D, MS257-S-FH-A, MS257-S-FH-L, MS257-S-FH-D, MS257-S-MC-A, MS257S-MC-L, MS257-S-MC-D, MS257-S-MT-A, MS257-S-MT-L, MS257-S-MT-D
MS257-M-FH-A, MS257-M-FH-L, MS257-M-FH-D, MS257-M-MC-A,
Family of Brands – Corion
M77781A, Rev B
Manual
®
• New Focus™ • Oriel® Instruments • Richardson Gratings™ • Spectra-Physics
®
- 2 -
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
1 SAFETY OPERATING
2
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 5
3 SETUP AND MOUNTING
3.1 MOUNTING MS257 TO A FLAT
3.2 MOUNTING OTHER INSTRUMENTS TO THE
3.3 TURRET
4 QUICK
5 INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION
6 CONFIGURATION
7 INSTRUMENT
8 PROGRAMMING MS257
9
ACCESSORIES .................................................................................................................................... 44
10
SPECIFICATIONS................................................................................................................................ 57
11 APPENDIX A - BASIC GRATING
12 DECLARATION OF
13 WARRANTY AND
START........................................................................................................................................ 9
4.1 WORKING WITH THE HAND
4.2 WORKING WITH A COMPUTER
5.1 LAYOUT AND MAJOR FEATURES
6.1 USE AS A
6.2 USE AS A SPECTROGRAPH
6.3 USE AS AN IMAGING
6.4 INSTRUMENT FEATURES
OPERATION ................................................................................................................ 14
7.1 INSTRUMENT
7.2 UTILITY AND CONFIGURATION SOFTWARE
7.2.1 MS257 UTILITY
7.2.2 UTILITY SOFTWARE
7.2.3 MS257 CONFIGURATION
7.3 77709 HAND CONTROLLER
7.4
COMMUNICATIONS.............................................................................................................
9.1 GRATING
9.2 CONFIGURING THE MS257 FOR TURRET
9.3
GRATINGS............................................................................................................................
9.4 SLITS
9.5 FILTER
9.6 INPUT AND OUTPUT
13.1 CONTACTING ORIEL
13.2 REQUEST FOR ASSISTANCE / SERVICE
13.3 REPAIR
13.4 NON-WARRANTY
13.5 WARRANTY REPAIR
13.6 LOANER / DEMO
....................................................................................................................................
PRECAUTIONS ................................................................................................ 4
...................................................................................................................... 6
SURFACE...........................................................................
MS257 .........................................................
INSTALLATION .......................................................................................................
CONTROLLER .......................................................................
...........................................................................................
............................................................................................................ 10
.....................................................................................
VERSATILITY ....................................................................................................... 11
MONOCHROMATOR..........................................................................................
..............................................................................................
SPECTROGRAPH ...........................................................................
..................................................................................................
CONFIGURATION .......................................................................................
...................................................................
SOFTWARE ...............................................................................
INSTALLATION .................................................................
SOFTWARE ............................................................
...............................................................................................
..................................................................................................................... 43
TURRETS ............................................................................................................
INSTALLATION .............................................
WHEELS ..................................................................................................................
PORTS..............................................................................................
INFORMATION .............................................................................. 60
CONFORMITY..................................................................................................... 67
RETURNS .............................................................................................................. 68
INSTRUMENTS................................................................................
.........................................................................
SERVICE ................................................................................................................
REPAIR ..................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
MATERIAL...............................................................................................
6
7
8
9
9
10
11
12
12
13
14
16
16
17
25
33
42
44
44
45
46
53
54
68
69
69
70
70
71
- 3 -
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Grating Care and
Figure 2: MS257
Dimensions......................................................................................................................6
Figure 3: Input and Output
Figure 4: Mounting Hole Pattern for Ports
Figure 5: Monochromator Interior
Figure 6: Light Path of a Monochromator
Figure 7: Light Path of a
Figure 8: Light Path of Imaging
Figure 9: Utility Program Main
Figure 10: Configuration Program main
Figure 11: Hand Controller Keypad
Figure 12: Rear Panel
Figure 13: Quadruple Grating
Figure 14: Using Fixed Slits with MS257
Figure 15: Micrometer Driven Slit
Figure 16: Micrometer Driven Slit
Handling ..........................................................................................................4
Ports .................................................................................................................7
..................................................................................................7
Layout..................................................................................................10
.................................................................................................11
Spectrograph .....................................................................................................12
Spectrograph ..........................................................................................12
Window.....................................................................................................24
window ........................................................................................32
..........................................................................................................36
Connections ..........................................................................................................42
Turret.........................................................................................................44
..................................................................................................47
Dimensions...........................................................................................49
Adjustments.........................................................................................50
Figure 17: Micrometer Driven Slit Closed Position
Figure 18: Motorized Slit
Figure 19: Filter
Installation ........................................................................................................................53
Figure 20: Motorized Flip
Figure 21: Dual Source
............................................................................................................................51
Mirror .................................................................................................................55
Configuration........................................................................................................56
Figure 22: Diffraction Geometry of a Plane Reflection
Figure 23: The "Grating
Figure 24: Grating
Figure 25: Diffraction
Figure 26: Polarization and
Equation" .............................................................................................................61
Resolution ....................................................................................................................63
Orders ......................................................................................................................64
Efficiency........................................................................................................66
...................................................................................50
Grating..................................................................60
- 4 -
M77781A
MS257™ USB/RS232
MONOCHROMATOR AND SPECTROGRAPH
1 SAFETY OPERATING PRECAUTIONS
Electrical
The MS257 operates from nominal ac mains of 115/230 Vac. Do not attempt to work in the electrical
compartment without first disconnecting the power cord, since you may contact high voltage areas inside
the compartment.
The MS257 has an internal microprocessor and should be installed with appropriate surge/EMI/RFI
protection on all power lines. Dedicated power lines or line isolation may be required for some extremely
noisy sites.
The circuits used in MS257 are extremely sensitive to static electricity and radiated electromagnetic fields
and therefore MS257 should not be used nor stored in close proximity to EMI/RFI generators,
electromagnetic/electrostatic field generators, radioactive devices, or other similar sources of high energy
fields. Some examples of equipment, which can cause problems, are plasma sources, arc welders, radio
frequency generators, x-ray instruments, and pulsed/ triggered gas discharge optical sources. Operation
of the MS257 close to intense pulsed sources (lasers, xenon strobes or arc lamps, and the like) may
compromise performance if shielding is inadequate, and may cause permanent damage to the
microprocessor. Do not place any containers containing liquids on top of the instrument. There is a
danger that liquid may enter the ventilation holes in the electronics compartment and cause a short
circuit. This may cause the instrument to fail.
Mechanical
Avoid dropping, sudden shocks, or rough handling of the monochromator since this may cause the
system to lose its calibration and may destroy the high precision drive components or optics.
Do not use more than finger force in tightening down the grating mounts, since this may cause damage to
the drive assembly
Optical
Wear powder-free gloves. Do not wear finger cots – hands should be completely covered. Do not touch
any optical surfaces - even if wearing gloves - since this is likely to cause irreparable damage. Do not
attempt to clean an y optical surface except by blowing off dust or lint particles with a stream of dry clean
air or nitrogen. Do not allow condensation from talking or breathing to form on the grating. Gratings can
be scratched easily! Be very careful when removing the plastic grating covers. A cover for a grating must
never touch the grating’s front surface. The cover should only touch the edges of the grating. Customers
should keep the covers on hand to protect gratings during storage or transportation.
Figure 1: Grating Care and Handling
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2 INTRODUCTION
The MS257 isn't just another monochromator. It is the heart of a completely automated spectral data
acquisition system. All you need is a PC and a detector system.
The MS257 is an F/3.9 instrument with a focal length of 257 mm for use as a monochromator, true flat
field spectrograph or imaging spectrograph. It incorporates the latest advances in optical design, high
speed wavelength drives, and total system automation.
The MS257 has been designed with a flat exit image plane and an oversized focusing mirror to serve as a
true flat field spectrograph. Adapter flanges are available for lnstaSpec™ diode arrays and CCD
detectors, as well as detectors made by other manufacturers.
The imaging version of MS257 has special corrected optics (toroidal mirrors) which correct the final image
for astigmatism and enable point to point spectral imaging of the input source or sources. The optics have
been designed to work with CCD detectors which are used to record simultaneous spectra from multiple
sources.
Key Features:
1, 2, 3, or 4 grating turret with automatic grating switching
Rapid high torque motor drive
Rigid housing for optical stability with sealed seams for light tightness
2 detector ports with automatic detector switching
Motorized slits for automatic bandpass selection
Advanced optical design results in negligible stray light
Tilted focal plane for eliminating re-entrant spectra from detectors
Corrected optics for spectral imaging (version 77782)
Fine focus adjustment for diode arrays and CCDs
Internal shutter for dark scans
Automated auxiliary input port option
Separate electronics compartment for exceptional temperature stability
On board microprocessor for automated control
Complete computer control via USB or RS232
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MS257™ USB/RS232
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3 SETUP AND MOUNTING
After unpacking, mount the MS257 in a convenient location, install the grating turret with gratings and
remove the covers from optics. After these steps have been completed, plug in the power cord.
*** WARNING
DO NOT PLUG IN THE POWER
UNTIL ALL THE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS HAVE BEEN
***
CORD
READ.
3.1 MOUNTING MS257 TO A FLAT SURFACE
There are three 1/4-20 tapped holes under the housing, these can be used to screw in the
supplied adjustable feet or to mount to other objects. Please refer to Figure 2.
Figure 2: MS257
Dimensi ons
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3.2 MOUNTING OTHER INSTRUMENTS TO THE MS257
Sources, detectors and other instruments that have an Oriel 1.5 inch (47 mm) female flange can
be easily attached to any of the MS257 slit ass emblies at the ports. Other accessories can also
be mounted directly to MS257 at any of the input or output ports (Figure 4).
Figure 3: Input and Output
Ports
Figure 4: Mounting Hole Pattern for
Ports
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3.3 TURRET INSTALLATION
In order to protect the most sensitive part of the instrument during transportation, the grating
turret is packaged separately from the housing.
Install the turret into the instrument using the following procedure:
Quadruple Grating Turret (may have 2, 3 or 4 gratings installed)
Put gloves on to avoid fingerprinting the gratings.
Remove the MS257 cover.
Leave the protective cover on the gratings.
Make sure the grating turret cable is hanging freely at the side of the turret.
Locate the grating turret on the drive platform by aligning the two captive bolts with their
holes, and the center with the platform boss.
Adjust the position of the turret until it locates on the alignment pin and sits flush with the
platform.
Connect the turret cable.
Tighten the two mounting bolts by hand. Do not over tighten!
Remove the bottom and side protective grating covers, and lastly the upper grating cover.
For the bottom grating, let the plastic cover drop straight down and remove it horizontally
without touching or scraping the bottom grating surface.
Be very careful not to touch the gratings.
Replace the MS257 cover, using all cover screws.
Single Grating Turret
Remove the MS257 cover.
Leave the protective cover on the grating until the mount is screwed down.
Locate the grating mount and twist clockwise to correctly align it.
Tighten the mounting bolt by hand. Do not over tighten!
Remove the protective grating cover.
Be very careful not to touch the grating.
Replace the MS257 cover, using all cover screws.
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MS257™ USB/RS232
MONOCHROMATOR AND SPECTROGRAPH
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4 QUICK START
4.1 WORKING WITH THE HAND CONTROLLER
The Hand Controller (Model 77709) controls the MS257 via an RJ11 jack located on the back
panel. Below the LCD screen are five LEDs that indicate the status of various functions. To
operate the MS257 with the hand controller, ensure that the following two LEDs are ON.
Power LED: The MS257 is powered up and the Hand Controller is connected and working
properly.
Local LED: When the Hand Controller has control of the MS257. To activate the LED, press
the "Local" button. The LCD screen will turn on and indicate the current status of the
instrument.
For further instructions on how to operate the instrument using the Hand Controller, please refer
to Section 7.3 of this manual.
4.2 WORKING WITH A COMPUTER
Connect the MS257 to the computer via the provided USB or RS232 cable, or an IEEE to
RS232 adapter (Model 77793).
Use the utility software (details are provided in Section 7.2) to control the instrument.
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MS257™ USB/RS232
MONOCHROMATOR AND SPECTROGRAPH
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5 INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION
5.1 LAYOUT AND MAJOR FEATURES
Refer to the descriptions of the MS257 accessories throughout this manual for more information
on the items shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5: Monochromator Interior Layout
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MS257™ USB/RS232
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6 CONFIGURATION VERSATILITY
6.1 USE AS A MONOCHROMATOR
Figure 6 depicts the MS257 in use as a monochromator. The "in-line" configuration uses a turning
mirror at the exit port. This can be either the 77718 Replaceable Turning Mirror on the 77716
Motorized Output Flip Mirr or. When the mirror is not in position, the axial port is selected as the
exit port.
Figure 6: Light Path of a Monochromator
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6.2 USE AS A SPECTROGRAPH
Figure 7 depicts the MS257 in use as a spectrograp h. The axial port accommodates detectors
over 4” (100 mm) diameter depending on the distance they need to be mounted from the port
face. This port can readil y accommodate lnstaSpec™ detectors as well as several other
manufacturers. Note that the spectrum at the lateral output port is reversed from that of the axial
output port.
Figure 7: Light Path of a
6.3 USE AS AN IMAGING SPECTROGRAPH
Figure 8 depicts the MS257 in use as an imaging spectrograph. This is similar to the conventional
spectrograph except that the sources are spatially imaged at the exit plane so that there is a
separate spectrum for each input source.
Spectrograph
Figure 8: Light Path of Imaging
Spectrograph
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6.4 INSTRUMENT FEATURES
Flexible Instrument Control
The MS257 can be is controlled by using the Hand Controller, a terminal program to send MS257
BASIC language commands or a stand alone computer program. See the relevant sections for
details of these methods of operation.
Negligible Stray Light
Great attention has been paid to eliminating stray light. The wide open optical layout and
exaggerated tilt of the exit focal plane ensure this. While other designs may be more compact it is
inevitable that they'll suffer from’re-entrant' spectra at certain grating angles. It is important that
diffracted light not be allowed to reflect from the mirrors, or from the face of a focal plane detector
such as a diode array or CCD, back onto the grating. This light can then be re-diffracted and
cause ghost images or stray light at the detector. The MS257 was designed to remove this
possibility for CCD detectors - even as large as 28 mm x 28 mm.
Calibrated Motor Drive
The MS257 uses an ultra-rapid stepper motor drive, with an oversize worm gear to ensure high
precision and stability. This computer controlled worm drive is superior to most sine drive
mechanisms. It allows separate calibration factors to acc ommodate for differences between
gratings with nominally the same lines per millimeters (for example, 1200 I/mm blazed ruled
grating and a holographic grating). Scans are automatically linearized so that the wavelength
intervals are equal, no matter which units are chosen: nanometers, microns or wavenumber.
In an ideal world the wavelength should be able to be calculated directly from the step position
(grating angle). However, gears are not perfect. They are slightly non-concentric and have
surface finish flaws, which result in a significant deviation in real position angle (and therefore
wavelength) from theoretical. This is corrected by mapping the entire drive, and charting the
divergence of real from theoretical drive angle. Mathematical curve fitting is then used to correct
the step position and provide real wavelength. The MS257 is spectrally mapped at the factory
with a system default calibration for the grating drive. Remapping of the drive should never be
attempted by unauthorized personnel. If remapping is necessary, the entire MS257 must be
returned to the factory.
lntegrated Shutter
There are two internal shutters available for the MS257. Both shutters are normally closed. They
can be controlled through the MS257 command language or via an externally applied TTL signal.
The 77755 shutter has stray light rejection better than 0.001% for dark scans and dark current
measurements. The shutter may be changed in the field so that it is normally open. Contact the
Oriel Instruments service department for details. The 77755 shutter automatically closes when
changing gratings and filters in order to protect the detector from possible high light intensities at
various grating angles - particularly the zero order white light. This safety feature may be turned
off by setting the shutter to the manual mode. The 77717 fast shutter is available for pulsed work.
Exposure times can be as short a 5 ms, with repetition rates as fast as 40 Hz. A synchronizing
output signal is available from the fast shutter for very precise timing of external events. The
77717 fast shutter does not automatically react to grating changes.
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7 INSTRUMENT OPERATION
7.1 INSTRUMENT CONFIGURATION
The instrument configuration is maintained as a collection of parameters and values. Suitable
factory defaults are provided. The Active Configuration is the current setup. This is always
saved and restored when powering up the instrument.
Configurations can be saved and loaded in several ways:
To save the active user configuration and to reload the user configuration, one may use
Hand Controller, the configuration software or a computer terminal program.
The instrument can be configured by Oriel Instruments to have calibrations saved on CD for more
than one grating turret, allowing the user to change the turret and load the appropriate
configuration information as needed.
Individual Grating Calibration
Each grating is precisely aligned on its mount or grating turret. However, small offsets or
calibration adjustments may be required for each grating. This calibration should be performed for
each port in use. The procedure is as follows:
1. Select a grating.
2. Select a source with prominent spectral lines for calibration purposes.
3. Use very small slit sizes. I using a diode array or CCD, use a small entrance slit.
4. Drive the grating to a spectral line such as a HeNe line at 632.8 nm or an Hg line at 546 nm.
5. Step the motor drive using the Hand Controller or MS257 programming language until the line
is centered at the output slit, or in the case of a diode array or CCD at the center pixel.
6. Use the Calib command on the Hand Controller or CALWAV command if using the terminal
program, and enter the correct wavelength for the spectral line.
7. The recalibration of the grating for that port is now complete.
8. Change the detector port using the Hand Controller or MS257 programming language if the
MS257 is equipped with an Output Flip Mirror. Never move the flip mirror manually.
9. Repeat the procedure for the other detector port if it is being used.
10. Repeat Step 1 through 9 for each grating on the turret.
Fine Focus Adjustment
In order to obtain the best optical performance, a fine focus adjustment feature is included. This
enables precise translation of the exit mirror to optimize the image onto focal plane detectors
such as diode arrays and CCDs. These accessories do not have a precisely known detector
positions, which is why the light may have to be focused to achieve best resolution. Note that
after refocusing, one may require a new spectral calibration.
the
M77781A
MS257™ USB/RS232
MONOCHROMATOR AND SPECTROGRAPH
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Minimizing Stray Light
Stray light is unwanted light which interferes with the light being measured or transmitted. This
results in additional noise to light measurements. At best, this results in incorrect measurements.
At worst, the signal cannot be measured. Stray light can occur for a number of reasons:
Incorrect setup
The most significant sources of stray light are light leakage. Light could enter the MS257 through
misplaced covers, as well as slit holders and detectors without adequate sealing. Make sure that
all covers, detectors and flanges are well seated and screwed down.
Overfilling
lf the F number of the source is lower than the F number of the monochromator this produces
what is referred to as overfilling. The light will spill over the sides of the entrance mirror and will
reflect around the housing resulting in stray light. The MS257 is designed to prevent overfilling.
But even so, the light has already entered the housing and must be absorbed by the baffles. It is
better to match the source F number to the monochromator's F number and prevent overfilling.
Reflections from walls
Light is dispersed by the grating; the selected wavelengths strike the exit mirror and are imaged
at the exit focal plane. Other wavelengths, zero order 'white' light, and other orders of the
diffracted light strike interior walls and must be absorbed before they bounce around and emerge
at the exit as stray light at the detector. The MS257 makes use of light traps and baffles as well
as black paint in order to minimize the amount of light which can eventually find its way to the
detector.
Gratings
Gratings are not perfect reflectors, so a certain amount of incident light is scattered and
contributes to stray light. In fact, gratings are a major source of stray light since they are within
the optical path. Imperfect rulings or ion etched blazed lines contribute to stray light. Often the
major source of stray light is dust - and sometimes even fingerprints. Keep the gratings clean by
minimizing dust and occasionally blowing them clean with dry clean air or nitrogen.
Mirrors
Mirrors gradually accumulate dust, and can have imperfections. These surfaces scale light and
add to stray light. If the bevels of the mirrors are not adequately masked, these also add to the
scatter. Often, the major source of stray light is dust - and sometimes even fingerprints. Keep the
mirrors clean by minimizing dust and occasionally blowing them clean with dry clean air or
nitrogen.
Detectors
The detector has never been considered a source of stray light, since with monochromators there
is a very small exit slit through which light would have to reenter once it has reflected off the
detector surface. Spectrographs however have wide flat focal plane detectors which readily
reflect light. The shiny surface of a silicon diode array can reflect as much as 20% of the light back
into the spectrograph. The stray light can be extremely significant in certain areas of the spectrum,
particularly if light from relatively high intensity wavelengths are finally reimaged onto areas of the
detector which are recording low intensity wavelengths. The MS257 has the focal plane angled in
such a way as to direct light reflected from the detector away from the mirrors and grating and into
'safe' baffles.
M77781A
MS257™ USB/RS232
MONOCHROMATOR AND SPECTROGRAPH
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7.2 UTILITY AND CONFIGURATION SOFTWARE
The Monochromator Utility Software CD contains:
Installation setup for Mono Utility software.
The utility application provides easy access to almost all MS257 functions.
A folder with the MS257 configuration application installation setup.
The Factory.cfg file, which is a unique file for each instrument with configuration parameters
recorded. If multiple grating turrets have been calibrated, there will be a file for each one.
7.2.1 MS257 UTILITY SOFTWARE
Program Description
This program is written in National Instrument's LabView and is based on a collection of MS257
VIs. The Utility Program diagram may serve as an example or starting point for further
development in LabView. If someone is a LabView programmer and owns a full LabView
development suite, that person can load the Utility Program source code along with MS257 VIs
from the CD. One can also use the dll file included with the Utility Software to create a unique
application in any number of programming languages.
<< IMPORTANT NOTE >>
For the software to send the proper numeric format to the instrument, the Windows must be set
to English (United States). This setting is changed through the Windows Control Panel.
In Windows XP, use the Regional and Language Options setting. The format can be changed
under the Regional Options tab.
In Windows 7, use the Region and Language setting. The format can be changed under the
Formats tab.
M77781A
MS257™ USB/RS232
MONOCHROMATOR AND SPECTROGRAPH
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7.2.2 UTILITY SOFTWARE INSTALLATION
The MS257 utility program may be installed on computers with Windows XP or Windows 7 32-bit
operating systems. It is suggested to exit all programs before running the installer.
Place the installation CD into the computer which will be used to control the MS257. Open the
CD to view the contents in Computer (or My Computer if using Windows XP).
Open the MS257 folder, based upon the communication method being used.
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MS257™ USB/RS232
MONOCHROMATOR AND SPECTROGRAPH
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NOTE: If one is planning to use GPIB, the 77793 converter will be required to operate the
instrument. The 77793 must be set to G Mode.
In the MS257 folder, run the setup.exe application.
If using Windows 7, right click on the application and choose “Run as administrator.
In Windows XP, double click to run the application.
Click Next.
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MS257™ USB/RS232
MONOCHROMATOR AND SPECTROGRAPH
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Choose to accept the two License Agreements and click Next to proceed.
M77781A
MS257™ USB/RS232
MONOCHROMATOR AND SPECTROGRAPH
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Click the Next button to begin the installation.
When complete, click Next for USB and RS232 installation.
For the GPIB installation, click Finish.
M77781A
MS257™ USB/RS232
MONOCHROMATOR AND SPECTROGRAPH
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The following window will appear briefly only if installing the USB/RS232 utility program.
If installing onto a Windows XP computer, the following message may appear. Click Continue
Anyway.
Restart the computer.
If using Windows XP, the utility program installation is now complete.
If using Windows 7, additional steps are required. Details are provided on the following pages.
M77781A
MS257™ USB/RS232
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ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR WINDOWS 7, 32-BIT USERS
On the CD, open the USB Drivers folder.
Copy the file USBBulk.sys to the computer’s
Copy the USBBulk.info file to the computer’s Windows\Inf folder
Windows\system32\drivers
folder.
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