Orbital Deep Space 1 User Manual
LEO
Planetary
Exploration
Deep Space 1
NASA New Millennium Program Technology Demonstration Spacecraft
FACTS AT A GLANCE
Mission Description
Deep Space 1 (DS1) was the rst of NASA's New Millennium series of low-cost, high return technology
demonstration spacecraft. Launched on October 24, 1998, DS1 demonstrated 12 technologies and
was the rst interplanetary spacecraft to utilize a solar electric (ion) engine as its primary means of
propulsion. DS1 technologies included concentrator solar arrays, new communications equipment,
autonomous optical navigation, a miniaturized camera, an imaging spectrometer, and the Xenon
Ion Propulsion System (XIPS). The XIPS provided about 10 times the specic impulse (ratio of thrust
to propellant used) of that of chemical propulsion. DS1 was also the rst spacecraft to employ
autonomous navigation in deep space.
DS1's camera and spectrometer took pictures and collected composite data of asteroid Braille when it
came to within 16 miles during the space vehicle's y-by in July 1999. In September 1999, NASA sent
DS1 on an extended mission to conduct comet science. In September 2001, DS1 executed a awless
encounter with comet Borrelly at about 137 million miles from Earth, yielding the best pictures and other
scientic data ever collected at a comet to date.
DS1 had traveled nearly 1.5 billion miles in its Highly Elliptical Orbit (HEO) to intersect Borrelly's path.
DS1 came to within 1,400 miles of the comet. The mission was again extended for a few more months
of renewed technology testing, devoting some time to all of the hardware technologies. DS1 was nally
retired after 1,151 days (3.2 years) of operation in space on December 18, 2001 with its fuel supply
exhausted. The ion engine had operated for 16,246 hours and had consumed about 72 kilograms of
xenon propellant.
Spacecraft
DS1 was designed and developed in a cooperative effort between NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory
and Orbital. The high-performance bus structure and avionics developed for DS1 evolved into Orbital's
LEOStar™-3 standard bus.
• A NASA/JPL-Orbital joint effort
• Launched October 1998 into a Highly
Elliptical Orbit (HEO) with a 1-year
design life
• DS1 successfully completed a yby of
asteroid Braille in July 1999
• DS1 successfully completed a yby of
comet Borrelly in September 2001
• 12 breakthrough technologies
demonstrated during mission
• Mission terminated with fuel
exhausted at 3.2 years after ying 1.5
billion miles
• DS1 was the rst interplanetary
spacecraft to utilize a solar electric
(ion) engine as its primary means of
propulsion
• DS1 was the rst to employ
autonomous navigation in deep space
Customer:
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Deep Space 1
Specications
Spacecraft
Launch Mass: 486.3 kg (1,072 lb.)
Solar Arrays: GaAs/Ge, 2500 W EOL
Orbit: HEO, 0.99 x 1.32 AU @ 0.4
°
inclination,
0.143 eccentricity
Stabilization: 3-axis
Pointing knowledge: 0.1 arcsec (3s)
Data Storage: 2.0 Gbits
Data Downlink: DSN 19.9 kbps and experimental Ka-band
transponder
Propulsion: 100 mN xenon ion thruster, and eight 1 N
hydrazine thrusters
Design Life: 1 year
Current Status: Decommissioned
Launch
Launch Vehicle: Delta II 7326
Launch Site: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, FL
Date: October 24, 1998
Instruments (Stand Alone Experiments)
Miniature Integrated Camera and Spectrometer (MICAS)
Combined two visible imaging channels with ultraviolet and infrared
spectrometers
Plasma Experiment for Planetary Exploration (PEPE)
An ion and electron spectrometer to measure the solar wind during cruise,
the interaction of the solar wind with target bodies during encounters, and
the composition of the cometary coma
Engineering/Experimental Bus Components:
• Solar Electric (xenon ion) Propulsion
• SCARLET™ Solar Concentrator Arrays
• Autonomous Navigation to maneuver payloads
• Small Deep Space Transponder
• Ka-band solid state amplier at a frequency about four times higher
than the standard at the time for deep-space missions
• Beacon Monitor Operations to determine the overall spacecraft health
• Autonomous Remote Agent: An articial intelligence system to plan
and execute spacecraft activities
• Te sts of two microelectronics technologies and a mechanical/electronic
experiment
• Tests of a high-density power actuation and switching module
• Validated and integrated structure and electronics with the ability to
control the temperature all in one device
Mission Partners
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Project management, co-development of the spacecraft, payload
management, observatory integration, launch operations, mission
operations
Orbital Sciences Corporation
Design and manufacture of the spacecraft structure and various
subsystems including ground software
Artist's rendering of DS1 approaching a comet
DS1 in nal integration at JPL. (NASA photo)
Orbital Sciences Corporation
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