optris CS, CSv1, CSv2 Owner's Manual

Operator’s Manual

optris

®

CS

Infrared thermometer

Optris GmbH

Ferdinand-Buisson-Str. 14
D – 13127 Berlin
Germany

Tel.: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

E-mail: [e-mail]
Internet: www.optris.de

3

Table of contents

Table of contents

1

General notes ...................................................................................................................................... 7

1.1 Intended use ................................................................................................................................. 7

1.2 Warranty ....................................................................................................................................... 8

1.3 Scope of delivery .......................................................................................................................... 9

1.4 Maintenance ................................................................................................................................. 9

1.4.1 Cleaning ................................................................................................................................ 9

2 Technical Data .................................................................................................................................. 11

2.1 Default settings ........................................................................................................................... 11

2.2 General specifications ................................................................................................................ 14

2.3 Electrical specifications ............................................................................................................... 16

2.4 Measurement specifications ....................................................................................................... 18

2.5 Optical charts .............................................................................................................................. 20

4

2.6 Close focus optics ....................................................................................................................... 21

2.7 LED-Functions ............................................................................................................................ 23

2.7.1 Automatic aiming support ................................................................................................... 23

2.7.2 Self-diagnostic .................................................................................................................... 24

2.7.3 Temperature code indication .............................................................................................. 25

3 Installation ......................................................................................................................................... 27

3.1 Mechanical Installation ............................................................................................................... 27

3.1.1 Mounting accessories ......................................................................................................... 28

3.1.2 Air purge collar .................................................................................................................... 30

3.1.3 Other accessories ............................................................................................................... 32

3.1.4 Tilt assembly ....................................................................................................................... 34

3.2 Electrical Installation ................................................................................................................... 35

3.2.1 Digital communication ......................................................................................................... 37

5

Table of contents

3.2.2 Open collector output .......................................................................................................... 38

3.2.3 Direct connection to a RS232 on the computer .................................................................. 39

4 Schematic circuit diagrams for maintenance applications .......................................................... 41

5 Software CompactConnect .............................................................................................................. 45

5.1 Installation ................................................................................................................................... 45

5.2 Communication settings ............................................................................................................. 47

5.2.1 Serial Interface .................................................................................................................... 48

5.2.2 Protocol ............................................................................................................................... 48

6 Digital command set ......................................................................................................................... 49

7 Basics of Infrared Thermometry ..................................................................................................... 51

8 Emissivity .......................................................................................................................................... 53

8.1 Definition ..................................................................................................................................... 53

8.2 Determination of unknown emissivity ......................................................................................... 53

8.3 Characteristic emissivity ............................................................................................................. 55

6

Appendix A – Table of emissivity for metals ......................................................................................... 57

Appendix B - Table of emissivity for non-metals .................................................................................. 59

Appendix C – Direct connection to a RS232 interface .......................................................................... 61

Appendix D – Smart averaging ............................................................................................................... 63

Appendix E – CE Conformity ................................................................................................................... 65

7

General notes

1 General notes

1.1 Intended use

The sensors of the optris CS series are non-contact infrared temperature sensors. They calculate the
surface temperature based on the emitted infrared energy of objects [►7 Basics of Infrared

Thermometry

]

The CS sensors are sensitive optical systems. Use the thread for mechanical

installation only. Avoid mechanical violence on the head – this may destroy the system
(expiry of warranty).

• Avoid abrupt changes of the ambient temperature.

• In case of problems or questions which may arise when you use the infrared

camera contact our service department.

8

1.2 Warranty

Each single product passes through a quality process. Nevertheless, if failures occur contact the
customer service at once. The warranty period covers 24 months starting on the delivery date. After the
warranty is expired the manufacturer guarantees additional 6 months warranty for all repaired or
substituted product components. Warranty does not apply to damages, which result from misuse or
neglect. The warranty also expires if you open the product. The manufacturer is not liable for
consequential damage or in case of a non-intended use of the product.

If a failure occurs during the warranty period the product will be replaced, calibrated or repaired without
further charges. The freight costs will be paid by the sender. The manufacturer reserves the right to
exchange components of the product instead of repairing it. If the failure results from misuse or neglect
the user has to pay for the repair. In that case you may ask for a cost estimate beforehand.

► All accessories can be ordered according to the referred part numbers in

brackets [ ].

Read the manual carefully before the initial start-up. The producer reserves the right to

change the herein described specifications in case of technical advance of the product.

9

General notes

1.3 Scope of delivery

• CS incl. connection cable

• Mounting nut and mounting bracket (fixed)

• Operator‘s manual

1.4 Maintenance

1.4.1 Cleaning

Blow off loose particles using clean compressed air. The lens surface can be cleaned with a soft, humid
tissue moistened with water or a water based glass cleaner.

Never use cleaning compounds which contain solvents (neither for the lens nor for the

housing).

10

11

Technical Data

2 Technical Data

2.1 Default settings

At time of delivery the unit has the following pre-settings:

Emissivity

0.950

Transmission

1.000

Average tim e

0.3 s

Smart avera ging

active

The default settings can be changed with the optional USB kit (USB adapter cable +

software). If the unit is supplied together with the USB kit the output is already preset
to digital communication (bidirectional).

Smart Averaging means a dynamic average adaptation at high signal edges. [Activation via

software only]. [► Appendix D ]

12

Smart avera ging hysteresis

2 °C

Ambient temperature source

internal (he ad)

Status-LED function

Self-diagnostic

Input (IN/ OUT/ green)

inactive

Output (OUT/ yellow)

mV output

Temperatur e range

0...350 °C

Output voltage

0...3.5 V

Thermocouple output

Inactive

Vcc adjust

inactive

Signal processing

Hold mode: off

Calibration

Gain 1.000/ Offset 0.0

Failsafe

Inactive

13

Technical Data

For a usage of the CS for online maintenance applications (in electrical cabinets e.g.) the following
recommend settings are already included in the factory default setting (but not active):

OUT

At 3-state output the following settings are default:

Pre-alarm differ ence: 2 °C

No alarm level: 8 V

Pre-alarm level: 5 V

Alarm level: 0 V

Service voltage: 10 V

IN/ OUT

At Alarm output (open collector) the following settings are def aul t:

Mode: normally closed

Temp code output: activated (for values above alarm level)

Range settings: 0 °C = 0 %/ 100 °C = 100 %

Vcc adjust

If activated the following settings are default:

Output voltage range: 0-10 V

14

Difference mode: activated

Alarm level Alarm value (IN/ OUT pin) Vcc

1 40 °C 11 V
2 45 °C 12 V
3 50 °C 13 V
4 55 °C 14 V
5 60 °C 15 V
6 65 °C 16 V
7 70 °C 17 V
8 75 °C 18 V
9 80 °C 19 V

10 85 °C 20 V

2.2 General specifications

Environmental rating

IP63

Ambient temperature

-20...80 °C

Storage tem perature

-40...85 °C

Relative humidity

10...95 %, non-condensing

Material

Stainless steel

15

Technical Data

Dimensions

85 mm, M12x1

Weight

58 g

Cable length

1 m (Standard), 3 m, 8 m, 15 m

Cable diameter

4.3 mm

Vibration

IEC 60068-2-6 (sinus shape), IEC 60068-2-64 (broad band

noise)

Shock

IEC 60068-2-27 (25 g and 50 g)

16

2.3 Electrical specificatio ns

Used Pin

Function

OUT

IN/ OUT x

Analog

0-5 V 1) or 0-10 V 2)/ scalable

x

Alarm

output voltage adjustable; N/O or N/C

x

Alarm

3-state alarm output (three voltage level for no alarm, pre-alarm,

alarm)

x

Analog

programmable open collector output [0-30 V DC/ 50 mA] 4)

x

Temp. Code

Temp. Code O utput (open collector [0-30 V DC/ 50 mA]

4)

x

Input

programmable functions:

• exter nal emissivity adjust m ent

• ambient temperature compensation

• triggered signal output and peak hold function 5)

x

x

Serial digital 3)

uni- (burst m ode) or bidirectional

OUT t/c K

Analog

Thermocouple output type K; alternatively selectable t o the mV

output (software necessary)

17

Technical Data

Status LED

green LED with progr am m abl e func ti o ns:

• alarm indication (threshold independent from alarm outputs)

• automatic aiming support

• self-diagnostics

• temperature code indicati on

Vcc adjust mode

10 adjustable emissivity and alarm values by variation of supply voltage/ Service mode for analog

output

Output impe dances

min. 10 kΩ load impedance

Current draw

10 mA

Power supply

5...30 VDC

1)

0...4.6 V at supply voltage 5 VDC; also valid for alarm output

2)

only at supply voltage ≥ 11 V

3)

inverted RS232, TTL, 9.6 kBaud

4)

loadable up to 500 mA if the mV output is not used

5)

High level: > 0.8 V/ Low level: < 0.8 V

18

1)

The t/c wires are indicated with an additional cable marker to avoid wrong connections due to the identical cable colours of other

wires (white, green).

2.4 Measurement specifications

Temperatur e range

-40...1030 °C (scalable via Software)

Spectral range

8...14 µm

Optical resolution

15:1

CF-lens (optional)

0.8 mm@ 10 mm

Accuracy

1) 2)

±1.5 °C or ±1.5 % of reading (whichever is greater)

Repeatability 1)

±0.75 °C or ± 0.75 % of reading (whichever is greater)

Power supply [white]

Analog output/ TxD (5 V)/ Alarm output [yellow]
Analog input/ RxD (5 V)/ Open collector output [green]
Ground (⊥) [brown]
Thermocouple output type K (+) [green] 1)
Thermocouple output type K (-) [white]

1)

Shield [black]

19

Technical Data

Temperatur e coefficient 3)

±0.05 K/ K or ±0.05 %/ K (whichever is greater)

Temperatur e resolution (NETD) 4)

0.1 K

Response ti m e

25 ms (95 % Signal/ adjustable to 999 s via Software)

Warm-up time

10 min

Emissivity/ Gain

0,100...1,100 (adjustable via 0-10 VDC in put or software)

Transmissivity

0,100...1,000 (adjustable via software)

Interface (optional)

USB programming interface

Signal processing

Average, Peak hold, Valley hold, A dvanced peak hold with t hreshold and

hysteresis, Triggered signal out put, Triggered peak hold function (adjustable via
software)

Software

optional (CompactConnect)

1)

at ambient temperature 23±5 °C and object temperatures >0 °C

2)

Accuracy for thermocouple output: ±2.5°C or ±1%

3)

for ambient temperatures <18 °C and >28 °C

4)

at time constant ≥100 ms with smart averaging and an object temperature of 25 °C

20

2.5 Optical charts

The following optical charts show the diameter of the measuring spot in dependence on the distance
between measuring object and sensing head. The spot size refers to 90 % of the radiation energy.

The distance is always measured from the front edge of the sensor housing/ CF-lens holder/ air purge.

Figure 1: Optical chart CS (15:1)

• The size of the measuring object and the optical resolution of the infrared

thermometer determine the maximum distance between sensing head and
measuring object.

• In order to prevent measuring errors the object should fill out the field of view of the
optics completely. Consequently, the spot should at all times have at least the

same size like the object or should be smaller than that.

21

Technical Data

Figure 2: Optical chart CS (15:1) with CF-lens (0.8 mm@ 10 mm)

2.6 Close focus optics

The optional CF-lens allows the measurement of small objects. The CF optics can also be combined with
a laminar air purge

• If the CF-lens is used, the transmission has to be set to 0.78. To change this value

the optional USB-Kit (including software) is necessary.

• The assigned transmission (average value) is a characteristic value which may has
a certain scattering. If required the transmission has to be determined.

22

Figure 3: CF-lens [Order-No.: ACCTCF]

Figure 4: Laminar air purge with integrated CF-lens [Order-No.: ACCTAPLCF]

23

Technical Data

2.7 LED-Functions

The green LED can be programmed for the following functions. For the programming the USB adapter
cable incl. software (option) is necessary. The factory default setting for the LED is self-diagnostic.

LED Alarm

LED lights up if the object temperature exceeds or deceeds an alarm threshold

Automatic aiming support

Sighting feature for an accurate ai m ing of the CS to hot or cold objects

Self-diagnostic

LED is indicating different states of the sensor

Temperatur e Code indication

Indication of the object temperature via the LED

Off

LED deactiv ated

2.7.1 Automatic aiming support

The automatic aiming support helps to adjust the unit to an object which has a temperature different to
the background. If this function is activated via software the sensor is looking for the highest object
temperature; means the threshold value for activating the LED will be automatically tuned.

This works also if the sensor is aimed at a new object (with probably colder temperature). After expiration
of a certain reset time (default setting: 10s) the sensor will adjust the threshold level for activation of the
LED new.

24

2.7.2 Self-diagnostic

With this function the current status of the sensor will be indicated by different flash modes of the LED.

Figure 5: Sensor status

If activated, the LED will show one out of five possible states of

the sensor:

Status LED mode

Normal intermittent off - - - ­Sensor overheated fast flash - - - - - - - - - - - - ­Out of measuring range double flash -- -- -- -- -- -- -­Not stable intermittent on ––– ––– ––– –––
Alarm fault always on –––––––––––––––

At a supply voltage (Vcc) ≥ 12 V it takes about 5 minutes until the sensor works in a

stable mode. Therefore, after switching on the unit, the LED will show a not stable
state for up to 5 minutes.

25

Technical Data

Sensor over heated

The internal t emperature probes have detected an invalid high internal temperature of the CS.

Out of meas. range

The object temperature is out of measuring range.

Not stable

The internal t emperature probes have detected an unequally internal temperature of the CS.

Alarm fault

Current through the switchi ng transistor of the open-collector output is too high.

2.7.3 Temperature code indication

With this function the current measured object temperature will be indicated as percentage value by long
and short flashing of the LED. At a range setting of 0-100 °C → 0-100% the LED flashing indicates the
temperature in °C.

Long flashing → first dig it: xx

Short flashing → second digit: xx

10-times long flashin g → first digit=0: 0x

10-times short flashing → second digit=0: x0

26

Examples
87 °C 8-times long flashing indicates 87
and afterwards 7-times short flashing indicates 87
31 °C 3-times long flashing indicates 31
and afterwards 1-time short flashing indicates 31
8 °C 10-times long flashing indicates 08
and afterwards 8-times short flashing indicates 08
20 °C 2-times long flashing indicates 20
and afterwards 10-times short flashing indicates 20

27

Installation

3 Installation

3.1 Mechanical Installation

The CS is equipped with a metric M12x1 thread and can be installed either directly via the sensor thread
or with the help of the both hex nuts (standard) to the mounting bracket available.

Figure 6: Dimensions CS

For an exact aiming of the sensor to an object the LED function ► Automatic aiming support can be
used.

28

3.1.1 Mounting accessories

Figure 7: Mounting bracket, adjustable in one axis [Order No.: ACCTFB]

The Mounting fork can be combined w ith the Mounting bracket [Order No.: ACCTFB] using

the M12x1 thread.

29

Installation

Figure 8: Mounting bolt with M12x1 thread, adjustable in one axis [Order No.: ACCTMB]

Figure 9: Mounting fork with M12x1 thread, adjustable in 2 axes [Order No.: ACCTMG]

30

Figure 10: Mounting bracket, adjustable in two axes [Order No.: ACCTAB]

3.1.2 Air purge collar

The lens must be kept clean at all times from dust, smoke, fumes and other contaminants in order to
avoid reading errors. These effects can be reduced by using an air purge collar.

• Use oil-free, technically clean air only.

• The needed amount of air (approx. 2...10 l/ min.) depends on the application and

the installation conditions on-site.

31

Installation

Figure 11: Standard air purge collar; fits to the mounting brac ket; hos e conne cti on: 3x5 mm [Order No.: ACC SAP]

Figure 12: Laminar air purge collar – t he side air outlet prev ent s a cooling down of the object in short distances; hose
connection: 3x5 mm [Order No.: ACCTAPL]

32

Figure 13: A combination of the laminar air purge collar with the bottom section of the mounting fork allows an
adjustment in two axes. [Order No.: ACCTAPL+ACCTMG]

3.1.3 Other accessories

If the protective window is used, the transmission has to be set to 0.83. To change this value the

optional USB-Kit (including CompactConnect software) is necessary.

33

Installation

Figure 14: Right angle mirror enables measurement with 90° angle [Order No.: ACCTRAM]

Figure 15: Protective window same mechanical size as CF lens [Order No.: ACCTPW]

34

Figure 16: USB adapter cable incl. terminal block and softw are CD [Order No.: ACCSUSB K]

3.1.4 Tilt assembly

With this mounting accessory a fine adjustment of the CS with an off-axis angle +/- 6.5° is possible.

Figure 17: Tilt assembly [Order No.: ACCTTAS]

35

Installation

3.2 Electrical Installation

Analog device (mV-output at OUT pin)

• Use shielded cables only. The sensor shield has to be grounded.

• The shield [black] on the CS is not connected to GND [brown].In any case it is

necessary to connect the shield to ground or GND (whichever works best)!

The output impedance must be ≥ 10 Ω.

Use a separate, stabilized power supply unit with an output voltage in the range of 5–

30 VDC which can supply 100 mA. The residual ripple should be max 200 mV.

36

Figure 18: Analog device (mV output at OUT pin)

Analog device (Thermocouple typ K at OUT t/c K pins)

Figure 19: Analog device (Thermocouple typ K at OUT t/c K pins)

The output impedance must be ≥ 20 Ω.

37

Installation

You can choose between an mV output (0-5 or 0-10 V; scalable via software) and a thermocouple output
type K. Therefor the optional software is needed. The factory default setting is mV output. ► Factory
default settings

The thermocouple output supplies a voltage according to the t/c characteristic curve type K. If you want to
extend this output you have to use a suitable thermocouple extension cable (NiCr-Ni).

3.2.1 Digital communication

For a digital communication the optional USB programming kit is required.

1. Connect each wire of the USB adapter cable with the same colored wire of the sensor cable by
using the terminal block. Press with a screw driver as shown in the picture to lose a contact.

Figure 20: Connection USB cable

38

The sensor is offering two ways of digital communication:

• bidirectional communication (sending and receiving data)

• unidirectional communication (burst mode – the sensor is sending data only)

Figure 21: Digital communication

3.2.2 Open collector output

In case of long lines there is a drop voltage at the ground wire and the mV-output is

distorted. Because of that the brown wire can be used as ground supply and the t/c­wire (type K) as measuring ground.

39

Installation

Figure 22: Open collector output as additional alarm output

The open collector output is an additional alarm output on the CS and can control an external relay e.g. In
addition the analogue output can be used simultaneously.

3.2.3 Direct connection to a RS232 on the computer

For a bidirectional RS232 connection of the sensor the following interface circuit can be used: MAX3381E
(manufacturer: Maxim) ► Appendix C:

40

41

Prinzipschaltbilder

4 Schematic circuit diagrams for maintenance applications

Figure 23: Open collector output for direct 24V DC signal lamp control

42

Figure 24: Common power supply voltage change to adjust simultaneously alarm levels and emissivity values [Vcc
adjust mode]

43

Prinzipschaltbilder

Figure 25: Simple common alarm and pre-alarm generation

44

45

Software CompactConnect

5 Software CompactConnect

5.1 Installation

1. Insert the installation CD into the according drive on your computer. If the autorun option is

activated the installation wizard will start automatically.

2. Otherwise start setup.exe from the CD-ROM. Follow the instructions of the wizard until the

installation is finished.

Minimum system requirements:

• Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8

• USB interface

• Hard disc with at least 30 MByte of free space

• At least 128 MByte RAM

• CD-ROM drive

A detailed description is provided in the software manual on the software CD.

46

The installation wizard will place a launch icon on the desktop and in the start menu:
Start\Programs\CompactConnect

To uninstall the software from your system use the uninstall icon in the start menu.

Figure 26: Software CompactConnect

47

Software CompactConnect

Main functions:

• Graphic display for temperature trends and automatic data logging for analysis and

documentation

• Complete sensor setup and remote controlling

• Adjustment of signal processing functions

• Programming of outputs and functional inputs

5.2 Communication settings

For further information see protocol and command description on the software CD

CompactConnect in the directory: \Commands.

48

5.2.1 Serial Interface

Baud rate:

9,6...115,2 kBaud (adjustable on the unit or via software)

Data bits:

8

Parity:

none

Stop bits:

1

Flow control

off

5.2.2 Protocol

All sensors of the CTlaser series are using a binary protocol. Alternatively they can be switched to an
ASCII protocol. To get a fast communication the protocol has no additional overhead with CR, LR or ACK
bytes.

49

Digital command set

6 Digital command set

Commands CS/ CSmicro/ CX

Decimal HEX Binary/ ASCII Command Data Answer Result Unit

1 0x01 binary READ Temp - Target no byte1 byte2 = (byte1 x 256 + byte2 - 1000) / 10 °C
2 0x02 binary READ Temp - Head no byte1 byte2 = (byte1 x 256 + byte2 - 1000) / 10 °C
3 0x03 binary READ current Temp - Target no byte1 byte2 = (byte1 x 256 + byte2 - 1000) / 10 °C
4 0x04 binary READ Emissivity no byte1 byte2 = (byte1 x 256 + byte2) / 1000
5 0x05 binary READ Transmission no byte1 byte2 = (byte1 x 256 + byte2) / 1000

9 0x09 binary READ Processor Temperature no byte1 = (byte1 x 256 + byte2 - 1000) / 10
14 0x0E binary READ Serial number no byte1 byte2 byte3 = byte1 x 65536 + byte2 x 256 + byte3
15 0x0F binary READ FW Rev. no byte1 byte2 = byte1 x 256 + byte2

129 0x81 binary SET DAC mV/ mA byte1 byte1 byte 1= mV (mA) x 10 (e.g. 4mA = 4 x 10=40) °C
130 0x82 binary RESET of DAC mV/ mA output
132 0x84 binary SET Emissivity byte1 byte2 byte1 byte2 = (byte1 x 256 + byte2) / 1000

Temperature calculation at CSmicro hs: (byte1 x 256 + byte2 - 10000) / 100

EXAMPLES (all bytes in HEX)

Readout of object temperature

Send: 01 Command for readout of object temperature
Receive: 04 D3 Object temperature in tenth degree + 1000 04 D3 = dec. 1235

1235 - 1000 = 235

235 / 10 = 23,5 °C

Readout of object temperature (at CSmicro 2Whs)

Send: 01 Command for readout of object temperature
Receive: 30 3E Object temperature in hundredth degree + 10000 30 3E = dec. 12350

12350 - 10000 = 2350
2350 / 100 = 23.50 °C

Set of emissivity

Send:

84 03 B6 03B6 = dec. 950

Receive: 03 B6

950 / 1000 = 0,950

Bur st st ri ng Example Complete burst string Conversi on to decim al val ue

2 sy nc hroni sati on by tes: AA A A ------ -----­2 bytes for each out put value (HI LO) 03B8 AAAA 03B8

process tem p [°C] = (Hex ⇒

Dec(03B8)-1000)/10 = -4,8

After swi tch on a c ontinuous serial s i gnal wi l l be created. The burst st ri ng can be configured with the s oft ware.

Burstmode (unidirectional)

50

51

Basics of Infrared Thermometry

7 Basics of Infrared Thermometry

Depending on the temperature each object emits a certain amount of infrared radiation. A change in the
temperature of the object is accompanied by a change in the intensity of the radiation. For the
measurement of “thermal radiation” infrared thermometry uses a wave-length ranging between 1 µm and
20 µm.

The intensity of the emitted radiation depends on the material. This material contingent constant is
described with the help of the emissivity which is a known value for most materials (see enclosed table
emissivity).

Infrared thermometers are optoelectronic sensors. They calculate the surface temperature on the basis of
the emitted infrared radiation from an object. The most important feature of infrared thermometers is that
they enable the user to measure objects contactless. Consequently, these products help to measure the
temperature of inaccessible or moving objects without difficulties. Infrared thermometers basically consist
of the following components:

• lens

• spectral filter

• detector

• electronics (amplifier/ linearization/ signal processing)

52

The specifications of the lens decisively determine the optical path of the infrared thermometer, which is
characterized by the ratio Distance to Spot size.

The spectral filter selects the wavelength range, which is relevant for the temperature measurement. The
detector in cooperation with the processing electronics transforms the emitted infrared radiation into
electrical signals.

53

Emissivity

8 Emissivity

8.1 Definition

The intensity of infrared radiation, which is emitted by each body, depends on the temperature as well as
on the radiation features of the surface material of the measuring object. The emissivity (ε – Epsilon) is
used as a material constant factor to describe the ability of the body to emit infrared energy. It can range
between 0 and 100 %. A “blackbody” is the ideal radiation source with an emissivity of 1.0 whereas a
mirror shows an emissivity of 0.1.

If the emissivity chosen is too high, the infrared thermometer may display a temperature value which is
much lower than the real temperature – assuming the measuring object is warmer than its surroundings.
A low emissivity (reflective surfaces) carries the risk of inaccurate measuring results by interfering infrared
radiation emitted by background objects (flames, heating systems, chamottes). To minimize measuring
errors in such cases, the handling should be performed very carefully and the unit should be protected
against reflecting radiation sources.

8.2 Determination of unknown emissivity

► First determine the actual temperature of the measuring object with a thermocouple or contact sensor.

Second, measure the temperature with the infrared thermometer and modify the emissivity until the
displayed result corresponds to the actual temperature.

54

► If you monitor temperatures of up to 380°C you may place a special plastic sticker (emissivity dots –

Order No.: ACLSED) onto the measuring object, which covers it completely.

1. Set the emissivity to 0.95 and take the temperature of the sticker.

2. Afterwards, determine the temperature of the adjacent area on the measuring object and adjust
the emissivity according to the value of the temperature of the sticker.

3. Cove a part of the surface of the measuring object with a black, flat paint with an emissivity of

0.98. Adjust the emissivity of your infrared thermometer to 0.98 and take the temperature of the
colored surface.

4. Afterwards, determine the temperature of a directly adjacent area and modify the emissivity until
the measured value corresponds to the temperature of the colored surface.

CAUTION: On all three methods the object temperature must be different from ambient temperature.

55

Emissivity

8.3 Characteristic emissi vity

In case none of the methods mentioned above help to determine the emissivity you may use the
emissivity table ► Appendix A and Appendix B. These are average values, only. The actual emissivity
of a material depends on the following factors:

• temperature

• measuring angle

• geometry of the surface

• thickness of the material

• constitution of the surface (polished, oxidized, rough, sandblast)

• spectral range of the measurement

• transmissivity (e.g. with thin films)

56

57

Emissivity metals

Appendix A – Table of emissivity for metals

typical

Emissivity

typical

Emissivity

Aluminium non oxidized 0,02-0,1

Lead roughened 0,4
polished 0,02-0,1 oxidized 0,2-0,6
roughened 0,1-0,3 Magnesium 0,02-0,1
oxidized 0,2-0,4 Mercury 0,05-0,15

Brass polished 0,01-0,05 Molybdenum non oxidized 0,1

roughened 0,3 oxidized 0,2-0,6
oxidized 0,5 Monel (Ni-Cu) 0,1-0,14

Copper polished 0,03 Nickel electrolytic 0,05-0,15

roughened 0,05-0,1 oxidized 0,2-0,5
oxidized 0,4-0,8 Platinum black 0,9

Chrome 0,02-0,2 Silver 0,02
Gold 0,01-0,1 Steel polished plate 0,1
Haynes alloy 0,3-0,8 rustless 0,1-0,8
Inconel electro polished 0,15 heavy plate 0,4-0,6

sandblast 0,3-0,6 cold-rolled 0,7-0,9
oxidized 0,7-0,95 oxidized 0,7-0,9

Iron non oxidized 0,05-0,2 Tin

non oxidized 0,05
rusted 0,5-0,7 Titanium polished 0,05-0,2
oxidized 0,5-0,9 oxidized 0,5-0,6
forged, blunt 0,9

Wolfram polished 0,03-0,1

Iron, casted non oxidized 0,2 Zinc polished 0,02

oxidized 0,6-0,95 oxidized 0,1

Lead polished 0,05-0,1

Material

Material

58

59

Emissivit y non-metals

Appendix B - Table of emissivity for non-metals

1,0 µm 2,2 µm 5,1 µm 8-14 µm

Asbestos 0,9 0,8 0,9 0,95
Asphalt 0,95 0,95
Basalt 0,7 0,7
Carbon non oxidized 0,8-0,9 0,8-0,9 0,8-0,9

graphite 0,8-0,9 0,7-0,9 0,7-0,8
Carborundum 0,95 0,9 0,9
Ceramic 0,4 0,8-0,95 0,8-0,95 0,95
Concrete 0,65 0,9 0,9 0,95
Glass plate 0,2 0,98 0,85

melt 0,4-0,9 0,9
Grit 0,95 0,95
Gypsum 0,4-0,97 0,8-0,95
Ice 0,98
Limestone 0,4-0,98 0,98
Paint non alkaline 0,9-0,95
Paper any color 0,95 0,95
Plastic >50 µm non transparent 0,95 0,95
Rubber 0,9 0,95
Sand 0,9 0,9
Snow 0,9
Soil 0,9-0,98
Textiles 0,95 0,95
Water 0,93

Wood natural 0,9-0,95 0,9-0,95

Material

typical Emissivity

Spectral response

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61

RS232 Interface

Appendix A – Direct connection to a RS232 interface

For a bidirectional RS232 connection of the sensor we recommend the interface circuit from Maxim, e.g.
MAX3381E.

62

Model CSv1/ CS M v1 CSv2 CSMv2 CSM 2 W/ CX
UART vo ltage (RxD) 5 V 3,3 V 3,3 V 3,3 V
UART vo ltage (T xD) 5 V 2,5 V 2,5 V 2,5 V

Previous sensor versions:
CSv1 CS/ version 1 (→ 12/2010)
CSMv1 CSmicro/ version 1 (→ 09/2011)

CS connections:

TxD (yellow) an T1IN

RxD (green) an R1OUT

GND (brown) an GND

PC connections:

connect T1OUT with RxD (PC)

connect R1IN with TxD (PC)

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Smart averaging

Appendix B – Smart averaging

The average function is generally used to smoothen the output signal. With the adjustable parameter time
this function can be optimal adjusted to the respective application. One disadvantage of the average
function is that fast temperature peaks which are caused by dynamic events are subjected to the same
averaging time. Therefore those peaks can only be seen with a delay on the signal output.

The function Smart Avera ging eliminates this disadvantage by passing those fast events without
averaging directly through to the signal output.

Signal graph with Smart Averaging function Signal graph without Smart Averaging function

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65

CE Conformity

Appendix E – CE Conformity

optris CS-MA-E2014-11-B