Onyx S1XAMN, S4XBMN, S1PAMN, S1XBMN, S1PBMN Owner's Manual

PROPANE POWERED FLOOR CARE EQUIPMENT

OPERATOR MANUAL

MODEL NUMBERS:

FLOOR BURNISHERS

21” 13HP: S1XAMN / S1XBMN
24” 13HP: S4XAMN / S4XBMN
21” 17HP: S1PAMN / S1PBMN
24” 17HP: S4PAMN / S4PBMN
27” 17HP: S7PAMN / S7PBMN
27” 18HP TRU-VAC: S7ZBMNTV
27” 18HP PASSIVE VAC: S7ZBMNDC

FLOOR STRIPPERS

21” 18HP STIP / BUFF: S1ZAMJ
24” 18HP TRI-STRIP: S4ZBMNTE
27” 18HP TRI-STRIP: S7ZBMNTE

Onyx Environmental Solutions: 137 Cross Center Dr., Ste. 246, Denver, NC 28037

32” 18HP PANTHER: S32ZBMNE

READ THIS BOOK

This book has important information for the use and safe operation of this machine. Failure to read this book
prior to operating or attempting any service or maintenance procedure to your Onyx machine could result in
injury to you or to other personnel; damage to the machine or to other property could occur as well. You must
have training in the operation of this machine before using it. If your operator(s) cannot read English, have
this manual explained fully before attempting to operate this machine.

Si Ud. 0 sus operadores no pueden leer ellngles, se hag an explicar este manual completamente antes de
tratar el manejo 0 servicio de esta maquina.

All directions given in this book are as seen from the operator's position at the rear of the machine.
For new books write to:

[e-mail]

DANGER: It is the owner/operator's responsibility to ensure that the air-exchange system installed in any

location where a propane floor care machine is being operated is of sufficient capacity and quality to support
the use of such a machine. OSHA and other County, State, or Federal Agencies publish guidelines on this
subject that are usually most readily found in the possession of the respective owners and/or parent
companies of any location or chain of locations. Failure on the part of the owner/operator to ensure that a
propane floor care machine can be operated safely in a given location may lead to injury, sickness or even
loss of life.

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Table of Contents

Engine Emissions and CO Safety……………………………………………………………….4
Specifications…………………………………………………………………………………….12
Operator Safety Information……………………………………………………………………13
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………….14
Propane Safety Information…………………………………………………………………….15
How to Operate the Machine…………………………………………………………………...16
Maintenance and Adjustments ………………………………………………………………...17
Warranty Information……………………………………………………………………………..21

SECTION II – Schematics

Detailed Description of Machines………………………………………………………………23

This Owner's Manual/Safety Procedures Guide has been prepared for the promotion of educational purposes only and
Onyx does not claim or assume any responsibility for the operator's actions or safety. To be completely aware of what
local authorities may require, contact the Fire Marshal of your community.

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Engine Emissions and CO Safety

The purpose of this document is to provide information on:

• The potential effects of CO exposure;

• The methods to reduce the risk of CO poisoning;
he methods used to determine the amount of potential exposure to CO produced by equipment.

• T

DANGER: All LPG (Liquid Propane Gas) powered engines, including this engine, produce Carbon
Monoxide (CO). It is a FATAL POISON that is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and non-irritating gas. It
is produced by incomplete combustion of carbonaceous material such as propane (LPG).

Failure to provide for proper venting of CO produced during the operation of combustion powered engines
may result in SERIOUS INJURY OR DEATH to the operator and those in the contaminated area. .

The effects of CO can be experienced at different exposure levels, depending on the health of the
individual. Conditions that affect the tolerance of the individual are smoking, age, temperature, humidity,

d other conditions. an

WARNING: Read and understand The Operators Manual completely before using this machine
This document explains how CO produced can be managed to reduce the risk of carbon monoxide

poisoning.
All distributors, owners, and operators should be aware of the potential effects of CO and the

methods used to prevent over exposure.
Onyx Engineered Products is dedicated to our customers, their safety, and providing information,

services, and products that meet those needs.

Information provided in this document is current as of the date written January 2003.

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Document Overview

The information provided in the following overview has been condensed to provide the reader with a summary of the
material presented.

Potential Effects of CO Exposure

• Work place/industry guidelines for CO exposure limits vary substantially from region to region (OSHA) Permissible

Exposure Limit (PEL) for CO is 50 ppm, as an 8-hour time weighted average.

• Definition of CO effects - The toxic effects of carbon monoxide in the blood is the result of tissue hypoxia (lack of
oxygen). The severity depends on the state of activity of the individual and his tissue oxygen needs.

Methods to Reduce The Risks of CO Poisoning

• Air Exchange and CO Diffusion
concentration values by mixing it with the available air. When using equipment over a large area in a short time "stirring"
occurs as you walk.

• Application Considerations (Burnishing versus Stripping)
stripping application, air "stirring" must be forced by use of fans to reduce the risk of high concentrations of CO.

• Air Quality Monitoring

the potential to produce CO.

• Room Size and Time Estimations
amount of air exchange are factors involved with determining safe time limits for operation in a specific room size.

• Maintenance of Equipment
concentration (production) skyrockets when the air to fuel ratio be comes fuel rich. Follow the recommended
Maintenance Schedule for the engine.

• Safety Equipment Available
(NOx) from the engine exhaust providing the lowest possible emissions, high cubic feet per minute (CFM) fans (forced
air mixing), and digital combustion analyzers for tail pipe emissions monitoring.

- Deployment of a monitor/detector is essential for the safe operation of any equipment that has

- LPG engines are dependent on engine tune up, and air filter replacement. CO

- CO does not mix with air on its own. Air currents can "stir" the CO and dilute the

- When activity is concentrated to a smaller area as in a

- The concentration and volume of CO production, the size of the area and the

. - Three-way type catalytic converter to scrub CO, Hydro Carbons (HC), and Nitrous Oxide

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Engine Emissions - and CO Safety

Potential Effects of CO Exposure

• Work place/industry guidelines for CO exposure limits

• Definition of CO effects

Work place/industry guidelines for CO exposure limits

Limits for permissible exposure to CO vary substantially from region to region. City, State, and Industry
requirements should be consulted prior to use of any equipment. The current Occup ational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for CO is 50 ppm, as an 8-hour time weighted average
(TW A). This is computed by making measurements at intervals over 8 hours, then adding the sums of the
concentrations and the intervals, and dividing by 8 hours. For example:

The current National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety (NIOSH), immediately dangerous to life and
health concentration (IDLH) recommended level for CO is 1,200 ppm. NIOSH defines the IDLH exposure level
as the concentration that could result in irreversible health effects or death, or prevent escape. from the
contaminated environment within 30 minutes.

Definition of CO effects:

The toxic effects of carbon monoxide in the blood are the result of tissue hypoxia (lack of oxygen) carbon
monoxide combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin. Since CO and oxygen react with the same
group in the hemoglobin molecule, carboxyhemoglobin is incapable of carrying Oxygen. The affinity of
hemoglobin for CO is 200 to 240 times greater than for oxygen. The extent of saturation of hemoglobin with CO
depends on the concentration of the gas, the quantity of inspired air and on the time of exposure. The severity
depends on the state of activity of the individual and his tissue oxygen needs.

According to Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 7th edition, no symptoms will develop at a concentration
of 0.01 % CO (100ppm) in inspired air, since this will not raise blood saturation above 10 %. Exposure to 0.05%
(500ppm) for 1 hour during light activity will produce a blood concentration of 20% carb oxyhemoglobin and result
in a mild or throbbing headache. Greater activity or longer exposure causes a blood saturation of 30 to 50 %. At
this point head ache, irritability, confusion, dizziness, visual disturbance, nausea, vomiting, and fainting can be
experienced. Exposure for one hour to concentrations of 0.1 % (1000ppm) in inspired air the blood will contain
50 to 80% carboxyhemoglobin which results in coma, convulsions, respiratory failure and death. On inhalation of
high concentrations of CO, saturation of the blood proceeds so rapidly that unconsciousness may occur
suddenly without warning.

Time Interval PPM
8:00-9:00 1 HR 100
9:00-10:00 1 HR 25
10:00-11:00 1 HR 25
11:00-12:00 1 HR 50
12:00-1:00 1 HR 50 400ppm / 8HR=50pprn TW A
1:00-2:00 1 HR 50
2:00-3:00 1 HR 50
3:00-4:00 1 HR 50
Time intervals = 8 HR pprn = 400

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Methods to Reduce The Risks of CO Poisoning

• Air Exchange and CO Diffusion

• Application Considerations (Burnishing versus Stripping)

• Air Quality Monitoring

• Room Size and Time Estimations

• Maintenance of Equipment

• Safety Equipment Available

Air Exchange and CO Diffusion

The most reliable method to prevent CO Poisoning is to ensure all the CO produced is vented outside. With wood
stoves or gas heaters this is performed with ductwork that carries the exhaust and CO outside. Non-stationary
combustion type equipment must be used in such a way that CO is not allowed to rise to a harmful or dangerous
level. CO does not readily dissipate or mix with air on its own. Air currents can "stir" the CO and dilute the
concentration or ppm values by mixing it with the available air. When using equipment over a large area in a short
time "stirring" occurs as you walk, or to say it another way, your Effective Operating Zone is large. When activity is
concentrated to a smaller area as in a stripping application, the Effective Operating Zone is small, and "stirring"
must be forced by the use of fans to increase the Effective Operating Zone and reduce high concentrations of CO.
“Air" exchange rates (air exchange is defined as the exhausting of internal air to the external at mosphere), the
size of the Effective Operating Zone, amount of CO produced, level of human activity, and the duration of
exposure are all factors in the determination of the production of carboxyhemoglobin and the amount of CO blood
saturation.

Application considerations (Burnishing versus Stripping)

When using equipment over a large area in a short time, as in most burnishing applications, your .. Effective
Operating Zone is large. When activity is concentrated to a smaller area as in stripping applications, the Effective
Operating Zone is small and stirring or CO mixing MUST be forced
Operating Zone and reduce high concentrations of CO. Caution: air mixing in itself may not be sufficient to reduce
CO to a safe level. The Effective Operating Zone can be defined as the area covered in a given time.

by the use of fans to increase the Effective

MODEL 1

NO AIR EXCHANGE I NO AIR MIXNG (STRIP MODE)

Stripping is quite a different type of operation than burnishing, and carries with it substantially more hazards, as
stripping is a low movement operation compared to burnishing (less floor space for the same time). As shown in
Model 1, the CO concentrations rise quicker as the "Effective Operating Zone" is a small area compared to the
total building size.

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Notice the CO concentration and the Effective Operating Zone with air exchange. The CO cloud is still
concentrated in a small area. Note the "Dividing Zone" shown above, this is the line where airflow changes
direction. In Model 2, air changes are cut in 1/2 as little or no CO crosses the Dividing Zone to be exhausted.

Notice the CO concentration and the Effective Operating Zone (Expanded to the Dividing zone) with air exchange
and forced air mixing. The CO cloud is still concentrated on one side of the Dividing zone. Note the "Dividing
Zone" shown above, this is the line where airflow changes direction. In Model 3, air changes are cut in 1/2 as little
or no CO crosses the Dividing Zone to be exhausted.

Notice the CO concentration and the Effective Operating Zone (Expanded through the Dividing zone to the

second vent) with air exchange and forced air mixing through the dividing Zone. The CO cloud is diluted with the
available air in the building. Note the "Dividing Zone" shown above, this is the line where airflo w changes
direction. In Model 4, air changes are full as forced air mixing has moved and mixed the CO between all air
zones.

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