Online Audiovisual Catalogers AACR2r,MARC 21 User Manual

Guide to Cataloging DVD and

Blu-ray Discs Using

AACR2r and MARC 21

2008 Update

Correction 4/23/10 for MARBI tag 007 code change

Created by the DVD Cataloging Guide Update

Task Force, Cataloging Policy Committee,

Online Audiovisual Catalogers, Inc.

Acknowledgements

DVD Cataloging Guide Update Task Force Members

Carolyn Walden, Chair, 2007-2008 University of Alabama at Birmingham Marcia Barrett University of Alabama Kelly Chambers SLC (Special Libraries Cataloguing) Lloyd Chittenden Fort Lewis College Nancy Lorimer Stanford University, Music Library Julie Renee Moore California State University, Fresno Lori Murphy DePaul University Anchalee Panigabutra-Roberts University of Nebraska-Lincoln Walter Walker Loyola Marymount University

Donna Viscuglia, Advisor Harvard University Jay Weitz, Advisor OCLC Online Computer Library Center Kay Johnson, Chair, 2006-2007 Radford University Tiffany Wilson, 2006-2007 The Johns Hopkins University Press

Editors

Marcia Barrett

Julie Moore

The Task Force wishes to acknowledge the thoughtful comments from the numerous people in the cataloging community who took the time and effort to respond during the creation of this document.

This update is built upon the work of the 2002 DVD Cataloging Task Force members. DVD Cataloging Task Force Members Francie Mrkich, Columbia University

Nancy B. Olson, Minnesota State University at Mankato (Ret.) Sueyoung Park-Primiano, New York University Scott Piepenburg, Dallas Independent School District Verna Urbanski, University of North Florida Robert Freeborn (Chair), Pennsylvania State University

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Introduction II. Cataloging DVD-Videos and Blu-ray Discs III. Cataloging DualDiscs IV. Cataloging DVD-Audios V. Cataloging DVD-ROMs VI. Resources

I. Introduction

By Robert Freeborn, Donna Viscuglia, and Carolyn Walden

Purpose and Scope

This guide is intended as an update to the 2002 Guide to Cataloging DVDs Using AACR2r Chapters 7 and 9 created by the DVD Cataloging Task Force of OLAC. The

update incorporates rule changes and interpretations that resulted from the 2004 Amendments for Chapters 7 and 9 of Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR2) and expands the discussion of formats to include Blu-ray Discs, DualDiscs, and DVD-Audio Discs. The information and cataloging examples presented should help clarify principles and rules used in cataloging DVD formats and digital video disc formats. There is also information to help the cataloging process for the Blu-ray Discs and DVD-Audio, newer formats that libraries will begin and continue to purchase as producers market and develop them for consumer use.

The Introduction provides a general overview of DVD technology, includes a brief history, compares DVD with compact disc (CD) technology, and explores new developments in the optical disc arena and the impact of this technology on the consumer. Other sections discuss cataloging DVD-Video, Blu-ray Discs, DualDiscs, DVD-Audio, and DVD-ROM formats. Each section includes examples that reflect the principles as described in this guide. The examples appear in standard MARC format but also include an additional illustration of the fixed field in mnemonic form and tag 007 displayed with subfields. The examples feature descriptive cataloging practice and do not include subject headings or added entries. The guide concludes with a list of resources helpful in writing this update.

History

The DVD was first developed in 1995 through a consortium of ten companies: Hitachi, JVC, Matsushita, Mitsubishi, Philips, Pioneer, Sony, Thomson, Time Warner, and Toshiba. These companies formed the DVD Consortium, which in April 1997 became the DVD Forum. The mission of the forum is to promote the worldwide acceptance of DVD products across the entertainment, consumer electronics, and information technology industries. Currently, the DVD Forum has over 220 companies and organizations that are engaged in DVD research, development, and/or manufacturing. Although the acronym originally stood for Digital Video Disc and later, Digital Versatile Disc, the ―DVD Forum decreed in 1999 that DVD, as an international standard, is simply three letters.‖ <http://www.dvddemystified.com/dvdfaq.html#1.1>

DVD vs. CD

Visually, the DVD is indistinguishable from an audio CD or CD-ROM. Both the DVD and CD consist of 12 cm (4 ¾ in.) diameter discs containing billions of tiny pits (nonreflective holes) and lands (reflective bumps) arranged in one long spiral track. These pits and lands represent the zeros and ones of digital information and are read by a laser. The main differences are that a DVD‘s pits and lands are shorter and narrower than those of a CD and that the DVD‘s laser also has a shorter wavelength. In terms of storage, this means that a DVD can hold 4.7 billion bytes of information -- seven times the informational capacity of a standard CD. A DVD can also hold two information layers on one side which roughly increases its storage to 9 gigabytes. Unlike the CD, a DVD can also hold information on both sides of a single disc. A DVD is essentially a bigger, faster CD that can hold cinema-like video and better-than-CD audio as well as still photos and computer data.

CDs and DVDs consist of the same basic materials and layers but are manufactured differently. A DVD is actually like two thin CDs glued together. A CD is read from and written to (by laser) on one side only; a DVD can be read from or written to on one or both sides. A DVD currently has a disc capacity anywhere from 4.7 GB (single sided single layer) to 17 GB (double sided dual layer).

New Formats

The Blu-ray Disc (BD) developed by Sony/Philips in February 2002, and the HD DVD developed by Toshiba in March 2003 are high density optical discs using a blue laser to record data. According to Jim Taylor in the 3rd ed. of DVD DeMystified, the HD DVD is

―an extension of the original DVD format‖ while the Blu-ray Disc ―is a significantly changed version of DVD.‖ Both high density discs use the blue laser for smaller pits

and tighter tracks to increase capacity. The HD DVD does not change the data layer depth but the Blu-ray Disc achieves the higher density by ―using a 0.1-mm cover layer to move the data closer to the lens (standard DVD uses a 0.6-mm cover, CD uses a

1.2-mm cover). These discs are considered the next generation optical disc formats providing greater storage capacity than the DVD and offering high-definition video and superior audio quality.

Toshiba announced in February 2008 that it ―will no longer develop, manufacture and market HD DVD players and recorders. This decision has been made following recent major changes in the market.‖ (Businesswire.com). After this decision by Toshiba, it was apparent that the Blu-ray Disc had emerged as the industry standard for high density discs and what had been considered a format war between the two companies ended.

Maxell added another format to disc development and announced plans to feature its Holographic Versatile Storage Disc (HVD) at the National Association of Broadcasters Convention in October 2006. This holographic disc, developed in collaboration with InPhase Technologies, is designed to hold ―800 GB and 1.6 TB of data respectively.‖ <http://www.emedialive.com/Articles/ReadArticle.aspx?ArticleID=11977>. The HVD

uses red and green lasers to record data and has the capacity to store massive amounts of data. Technically, the recording goes beyond recording on the surface as a standard DVD and records ―through the full depth of the medium.‖ < http://www.emedialive.com/Articles/ReadArticle.aspx?ArticleID=11977>

DVD Types

The information in this section is adapted from the web tutorial, timefordvd <http://www.timefordvd.com/tutorial/pf/DVDTutorial.shtml> and the Adobe publication: A DVD primer <http://www.adobe.com/designcenter/encore/articles/enc1dvdprimer_w_ue/enc1_dvdpri

mer_w_ue.pdf>.

DVD is a family of physical and application formats. The physical format describes the media on which the format is stored, and the application format describes what kind of data (software, video or music) is stored, how it is encoded, and how it can be played.

Physical formats vary depending on the construction aspects and data storage capabilities of the disc, i.e., single-sided, double sided, single-layered, or doublelayered. Sometimes referred to as the physical layer, it refers to the capability of a DVD

to be recorded to (or not) and to be rewritten (erased and rerecorded).

The application formats, DVD-Video, DVD-Audio, or DVD-ROM are used for video, audio, or data storage respectively. A DVD disc may contain any combination of DVDVideo, DVD-Audio, and/or DVD-ROM application content. Any or all of the three

application formats can be stored on any of the physical formats (with some variations) but not all application formats can be played back on all devices. For example, some

DVD-Video movie titles contain DVD-ROM content on the same disc as the movie, but the DVD-ROM contents can only be accessed by a computer with a DVD-ROM drive.

DVD-ROM is one of those multi-use terms that describes either a physical base format, or discs with an application layer of data content, making the differentiation confusing.

DVD-ROM discs (the physical base format) can have any or all of the three application formats recorded on them, and are compatible with most any DVD device, but the application format DVD-ROM can only be played back on computers or other specialized devices.

DVDs that come with content already recorded, such as movies or music, are prerecorded formats. In addition to pre-recorded formats, DVD also includes recordable formats: DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD+R, DVD+RW, and DVD-RAM.

Physical Formats

The information in this section is adapted from the web tutorial, timefordvd, <http://www.timefordvd.com/tutorial/pf/DVDTutorial.shtml>

Nomenclature (DVD-5, DVD-10, etc.) is based on an approximation of capacity in gigabytes. The examples used are currently the most common sizes.

Single-sided, single-layered — Also known as DVD-5, it holds 4.7 gigabytes of digital data. The "5" in "DVD-5" signifies the nearly 5 gigabytes worth of data capacity. It can store approximately two hours of digital video and audio for DVD-Video, or 74 minutes of high resolution music for DVD-Audio.

Single-sided, double-layered — The DVD-9 construction holds about 8.5 gigabytes and does not require manual flipping -- the DVD player automatically switches to the second layer in a fraction of a second, by re-focusing the laser pickup on the deeper second layer. This capability allows for uninterrupted playback of long movies up to four hours. DVD-9 is often used to put a movie and bonus materials on the same DVD-Video disc.

Double-sided, single-layered — Known as DVD-10, this construction features a capacity of 9.4 gigabytes of data. DVD-10s are commonly used to put a widescreen version of the movie on one side, and a full frame version of the same movie on the other side. Almost all DVD players require you to manually flip the DVD, although there are a few DVD players that can perform the side flipping automatically.

Double-sided, double-layered — The DVD-18 construction can hold approximately 17 gigabytes, or about 8 hours of video and audio as a DVD-Video. Four hours of uninterrupted video and audio can be stored on one side. To access the content on the other side of a DVD-18, you have to manually flip the DVD. Content providers (e.g., movie studios) usually choose to go with two DVD-9s rather than a single DVD-18 because DVD-18s cost far more to produce.

Pre-Recorded Application Data Formats

DVD-ROM — a commercially produced read-only disc containing computer

programs, data or both. Can hold anywhere between 4.7 and 17 gigabytes of information. For the most part, the DVD-ROM application format can only be played back by computer DVD drives.

DVD-V (DVD-Video) — a standard for storing and reproducing audio and video

based on MPEG video, Dolby Digital and MPEG audio, and other proprietary data formats.

DVD-A (DVD-Audio) — equivalent to a standard audio CD which uses Pulse

Code Modulation (PCM) for recording sound, except that it holds some seven times the information of a regular CD.

Recordable Formats

DVD-R (DVD-Recordable) — a write-once data storage disc that is similar to CD-

Rs. It can record around 4.7 or 9.4 gigabytes and is used mainly for the archiving of information and the storage of video recordings. DVD-R, developed from a dye application process, has a clear inner ring around the hub of the disc with a dark purple/blue/grey back as opposed to silver color. Can be read in DVD players and drives on computers.

DVD-RW (DVD-Re-writable) — a re-writable version of the DVD-R that is

compatible with most DVD video players and drives. It can record sequentially almost 4.7 gigabytes of data and can be rewritten about 1,000 times.

DVD+R (DVD-Recordable) — a write-once data storage disc based on the

DVD+RW format. It can record almost 4.7 gigabytes of data.

DVD+RW (DVD-Re-writable) — competing standard to DVD-RAM and DVD-RW

developed by Sony, Philips and Hewlett-Packard. It also sequentially records almost 4.7 gigabytes of data and can be rewritten some 1,000 times. DVDRAMs, DVD-RWs, and DVD+RWs are compatible with most DVD players and computer DVD-ROM drives.

DVD-RAM (DVD-Re-writable) — an erasable, re-recordable version of the DVD-

ROM. Provides random access to its 4.7 gigabytes of recorded information and is best suited for use in computers. DVD-RAM discs may be rewritten some 100,000 times. DVD-RAM discs may not be compatible with many DVD players and drives.

Blu-ray Disc Types

BD (Blu-ray Disc) -- the overall format family of high density optical discs

featuring greater storage capacity of data, maximum picture resolution, surround sound audio, and enhanced interactivity

BD-RE (Blu-ray Disc Rewritable) -- initial physical disc format created by the Blu-

ray Disc Founders, spearheaded by Sony, Philips and Panasonic BD-R (Blu-ray Disc Recordable) -- record-once version of Blu-ray Discs BD-ROM (Blu-ray Disc Read-Only Memory) – read-only version of Blu-ray Discs

Duplication or Replication

Duplication and replication are two common ways to make copies of DVDs. Cheap, low-volume (fewer than a few hundred copies) productions can be duplicated on recordable discs, whereas high-volume, mass-market products such as movies must be

replicated in specialized factories. Duplication refers to recording, i.e., burning data to a disc (as you would do with your own computer). It is fairly easy to tell if a DVD has been duplicated because it will have a purple or brown colored bottom side. In addition, a duplicated disc holds only 4.7 GB per recorded side, while a replicated DVD supports up to 17 GB of recorded data.

Replication (also referred to as ―pressing‖ or ―molding‖) is the method of manufacturing or mass producing DVDs where the data or audio information is physically stamped on the discs. Replicated discs are usually made in large quantities for retail distribution and have a silver backing.

Future Developments

Just as the DVD Forum <http://www.dvdforum.org> comprises companies that are interested in the development of the DVD, the Blu-ray Disc Association <http://www.blu-raydisc.com/bluray_site.htm> is a ―group of companies dedicated to developing and promoting the Blu-ray Disc format,‖ and the HVD forum <http://www.hvd-forum.org> supports research and development of the holographic storage disc. These organizations and their websites are excellent resources for extensive information about the formats. Readers will find press releases, technical developments, summaries of the industry standards, and frequently asked questions with answers.

The DVD Forum announced in 2005 that it had approved specifications for ―DVD Multi,‖ a set of hardware specifications designed to enable disc compatibility for virtually all formats officially created by the DVD Forum. Players with the Multi logo would be compatible for all discs including DVD-RAM and DVD-RW and recorders with the logo would have the capability to write to all the formats.

The developers of the holographic disc emphasize the superior storage capability of the HVD format and market this format for companies who need the high storage capacity of the holographic disc. ―One 5 ¼ inch-diameter optical disc can store up to 150 million pages – more than 63 times the capacity of DVD. Also, with holographic recording, a multiple of form factors, such as discs, cards, etc. and laser wavelengths (red, green,

and blue) can be used.‖

<http://www.newlaunches.com/archives/maxell_launches_holographic_storage_16_tb_

at_120_mbps.php>. The HVD Forum promotes the holographic disc as the replacement

for DVD. Several quotes from DVD Demystified (3rd ed.) speak to the future of DVD technology.

The author‘s insights and projections are particularly relevant. ―In the very long term, the Internet will merge with cable TV, broadcast TV, radio, telephones, satellites, and eventually even newspapers and magazines. Discrete media such as DVD will then be relegated to niches such as software backups, archiving, time-shift ‗taping,‘ and collector‘s editions of movies. In the intervening years, however, DVD in all its

permutations and generations promises to be the definitive medium for both computers and home entertainment.‖ (p. 17-16).

In contrast, major studio home entertainment divisions and leading Blu-ray experts point to increased sales of Blu-ray as support for the increasing popular use of the disc. Bob Chapek, president of Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment, predicts increased sales throughout 2008 and comments that ―Blu-ray is the complete DVD replacement.‖ <http://www.homemediamagazine.com/blu-ray-disc/blu-ray-disc-association-disc-still-

rules-13448>.

As formats continue to evolve, the need to organize the information in a consistent, logical, and practical way remains a constant. To that end, this guide will combine both new and traditional information to help catalogers provide quality cataloging records to ensure that library users have comprehensive and efficient access as they discover materials in the world of DVD, Blu-ray, and holographic discs.

II. Cataloging DVD-Video and Blu-ray Discs

By Nancy Olson;

updated by Marcia Barrett, Kelly Chambers, Lloyd Chittenden, and Lori Murphy

This section addresses cataloging commercially available DVD-Video (both standard and high definition) containing film material and television programs, using the rules found in AACR2 Chapter 7 (Motion Pictures and Videorecordings) and MARC 21 Format for Bibliographical Data.

General Comments on DVD-Video

Most commercially available DVD-Videos contain movies or television programs. For many commercially produced DVD-Videos, a menu comes up from which the user makes choices as to what version to run -- the language or audio configuration that is preferred by the viewer or may be most compatible with the user's existing home system. Many DVD-Videos also contain additional features such as additional language tracks, interviews with participants in the original production, outtakes from the original filming, etc.

Cataloging a DVD-Video is no different from cataloging any other manifestation of a film or video throughout most of the bibliographic record. There are, however, some special features that must be accounted for. The special features mentioned in the notes area are those that seem most important.

Information that may be ignored because it is standard on all DVDs:

Interactive menu Scene access Scene selection

Other special features that may be ignored (though one may want to mention them):

Advertisements Preview/trailers

Enhanced DVDs

Enhanced DVDs contain additional material requiring the use of a computer. These carry a statement listing the equipment required to run the bonus materials. Enhanced DVDs should be treated in the same manner as enhanced CDs, where one or two tracks of a CD contain computer-required information. The predominant component of an enhanced DVD is the film itself. Therefore one should catalog enhanced DVDs as videos. Some of the listed features found on an enhanced DVD that might require a

computer are: computer games, links to fan sites, links to online documentaries and chat rooms, desktop icons, calculator, screensavers and poster sets.

Blu-ray Discs and HD DVD Discs

Two rival incompatible high-definition formats – Blu-ray and HD DVD – have been competing to become the replacement for the current standard-definition DVDs that most of us have in our collections. As of this writing, Blu-ray has emerged on top as the new standard for high definition discs. Library patrons and consumers will need a Bluray player in order to view this new format.

Blu-ray uses a blue-violet laser that has a shorter wavelength than the standard DVD‘s red laser. This shorter wavelength allows data to be stored in a smaller space, fitting more data on the disc itself. The dual layer Blu-ray disc can contain over 9 hours of high-definition video or about 23 hours of standard-definition video on a 50GB disc.

Backwards compatibility is just one worry for both libraries and consumers with extensive standard-definition DVD collections. Blu-ray manufacturers claim that traditional standard-definition DVDs and most CDs will be compatible with these new machines and consumers need not worry that an existing collection will soon become obsolete. The primary impact of this new format for librarians will be making sure patrons understand the special equipment requirements for Blu-ray as well as making sure catalog records clearly state this to patrons.

In order to play and/or record on Blu-ray discs, one will need players, recorders and/or disc drives specifically designed for Blu-ray discs as the current DVD players, recorders and disc drives will not play them. <http://www.blu-raydisc.com/en/about/BenefitsfortheIndustry/discs.html>. In addition, some new Blu-ray disc players may also have an Ethernet card to connect with Internet providers <http://news.sel.sony.com/en/press_room/consumer/home_audio_video/home_video/bl

u-ray_disc/release/36743.html>. This will allow access to ―BD-Live‖ or other features

available for titles on the Internet. <http://www.blu-raydisc.com/bluray_site.htm>

Chief Source of Information

The chief source of information for DVD-Videos, in order of preference, is:

the item itself -- the title frames and credits the container and container labels, if an integral part of the piece -- the disc

Alternate sources of information, in order of preference, are:

accompanying textual material the container, if not an integral part of the piece (disc container) other sources

DVDs should always be cataloged from the title screen(s) whenever possible. If information is not present on the title screen(s) or credits, prefer information from the disc itself.

Please note -- some catalogers, for varying reasons, may not catalog using the information from the title screen but may create records solely using the information provided on the container or elsewhere. This is commonly referred to as ―container

cataloging‖ and should be noted in the record in a 500 field. The note may read

something like this:

500 $a Title from container.

Leader

The leader/06 (type of record) character position should be coded ―g‖ for projected medium.

Enhanced DVD-Videos that contain additional computer-oriented bonus materials should be treated as video recordings and coded ―g.‖

008 Fixed-length Data Elements – Type of Date Code

If a DVD contains the same material as the original motion picture from which it was copied and nothing significant has been added or changed, the MARC 21 fixed field

008, byte 6, (OCLC Date type), is to be coded ―p‖ (distribution/ production date)

because the content is identical to that of the original work, but the medium is different (from film to video). The addition of trailers, biographical notes, or other minor features is not considered a significant change. Date 1 should be the date used in the 260 field (date of the DVD); date 2 is the date of original production of the movie, given in a 500 note.

If there is a change in content, then the item is to be treated as a new work, and MARC

21 fixed field 008, byte 6, is coded ―s‖. This change in content may include anything

from the addition of closed-captioning or a director's cut of the film to the addition of the many special features that are typically found on a DVD.

Be aware that not all DVDs will automatically be coded as new works, because there are some items to which nothing significant has been added to the original content.

Date type ―r‖ is used only when something is reissued in the same medium with no

change in content, so this would not apply to any DVD made from a motion picture or television program, whether or not the content had changed.

006 Fixed-length Data Elements -- Additional Material Characteristics

MARC

OCLC

Subfield

Code

007/00

category of material

v=videorecording

007/01

specific material designation

d=videodisc

007/03

color See MARC 21 for additional codes

b=black & white

c=multicolored

007/04

videorecording format *See note about VR format

v=DVD

s=Blu-ray

z=HD DVD

007/05

sound on medium or separate

a=sound on same medium as film

007/06

medium for sound

i=videodisc

007/07

Dimensions

z=other

007/08

Configuration of playback channels

m = mono. Sound

s = stereo. Sound

q = four or more channels

k = mixed configuration**

This field is used to code for characteristics that cannot be coded in the fixed field. Use field 006 to code for the computer-related information of an enhanced DVD-Video.

The category of material should be coded ―m‖ for electronic resource. Code other

values as appropriate.

007 Fixed-length Data Elements -- Physical Characteristics (rev. 4/23/10)

This field is used to identify the physical characteristics of the DVD-Video in coded form. DVD-Videos should be coded in the following manner:

*Note about coding videorecording format (MARC 007/04)

A new code, ―s‖ was approved for Blu-ray videorecording format by MARBI in 2008. HD DVD discs are coded as ―z‖. Also, DVD-videos were previously coded ―g‖ until a new value of ―v‖ was defined in 2001 for DVD. The value ―g‖ was changed to designate laserdisc. Be aware that older DVD records may reflect the ―g‖ in byte 4.

**Note about coding configuration of playback channels (MARC 007/08)

DVD-Videos are frequently coded ―k‖ because it is common to have a stereo track

and a surround sound track. Often, the foreign language tracks will be in stereo while the English tracks are in surround sound.

An additional 007 field coded for electronic resource should be included for enhanced DVD-Videos.

041 Language Code

DVD-Videos frequently contain multiple types of language information – closedcaptioning, subtitles, and dubbed soundtracks. MARC 21 field 041 is used to code for

languages associated with an item which cannot be fully conveyed by the fixed field element for language (three-character code in the 008/35-37). Field 041 codes are used in conjunction with field 546, where language notes are recorded in free text.

Although not in final form, useful guidance for coding the 041 along with examples can be found in the OLAC CAPC Video Language Coding Best Practices Task Force Draft Recommendations. <http://www.olacinc.org/capc/langcodedraft1.pdf> The Task Force has made the following recommendations for the 041:

Code for the language(s) of the main content, including

 Spoken language  Written language (including subtitles, captions, and intertitles)  Original language

Do not code for language(s) of special features, credits, or packaging

Language(s) of accompanying material should be mentioned in a note if this

information is considered important; coding for accompanying material is at the

discretion of the cataloger.

The practice of coding subtitles and captions in the 041 is changing as of the writing of this document. In October of 2007, the new subfield (j) was defined for coding subtitles and captions, and it replaces subfield (b) for that purpose. Use of the new subfield (j) is currently authorized but may not yet be implemented, depending upon the cataloging service used. Catalogers should be aware of this change to the 041 field and watch for announcements of implementation. Subfield (b) is still in use for subtitles and captions when the language is other than that of the soundtrack of the film. Record the language codes in English alphabetical order.

Example following new practice for subtitles: A Japanese language film with English dubbed alternative soundtrack, and English or Spanish subtitles

008/lang jpn

041 1 $a jpn $a eng $j eng $j spa $h jpn

546 $a Japanese or English soundtracks with English or Spanish subtitles.

The same film coded following current practice:

008/lang jpn

041 1 $a jpn $a eng $b spa $h jpn

546 $a Japanese or English soundtracks with English or Spanish subtitles.

Example following new practice for captions: An English language film with closedcaptioning in English

008/lang eng 041 0 $a eng $j eng 546 $a Closed-captioned.

The same film coded following current practice: 008/lang eng

546 $a Closed-captioned.

Title and Statement of Responsibility Area Transcribe the title information and statement of responsibility from the chief source of

information. Introductory phrases such as ―MGM presents …‖ are not considered part of

the title. As instructed in AACR2 7.1F1, limit statements of responsibility to those credited in the

chief source as having a major role in creating the film. In general, this will include producer, director, and writer, but anyone centrally involved with the entire creation of the film should be included in the statement of responsibility. For example, include the director of animation for animated films, the choreographer for ballets, and the songwriter and lyricist for musicals. The ―rule of three‖ applies here (1.1F5); if more than three persons or bodies perform the same function, omit all but the first. If more than three people performing the same function are considered important, such as multiple well-known writers, those people could be included in a 508 note which is not

limited by the ―rule of three.‖ Those people can then be traced as added entries

following AACR2 21.29D if the cataloger so chooses. Maxwell’s Handbook for AACR2 provides additional guidance in determining the

individuals/bodies to credit in the statement of responsibility and the individuals/bodies to transcribe in other areas of the bibliographic description. Maxwell explains the three types of activities that may be involved in the creation of a motion picture:

(1) The sponsor has a ―primary role that often includes promoting the initial idea

of the film, financing the production, and arranging for production.‖

(2) The producer or production company ―is responsible for the mechanics of

making the motion picture.‖

(3) The releasing agent or distributor ―issues the completed motion picture to the

public.‖ (p. 201)

Sponsors and producers/production companies are given in the statement of responsibility, provided the name(s) appear(s) in the chief source of information.

Sponsors and producers/production companies are assumed to have a ―type of author-

creator responsibility.‖ If such names are not listed in the chief source and their

relationship to the film is considered important, give this information in a note. (p. 202)

The releasing agent/distributor is given in the publication/distribution area. Give all other statements of responsibility, including those related to performance, in

notes. The GMD for DVD-Videos is [videorecording].

245 00 $a Wiggles. $p Racing to the rainbow $h [videorecording] / $c Hit

Entertainment.

245 14 $a The Joy Luck Club $h [videorecording] / $c Hollywood Pictures ;

screenplay by Ronald Bass & Amy Tan ; produced by Wayne Wang …

[et al.] ; directed by Wayne Wang.

245 14 $a The Sopranos. $n Season six. $n Part 2 $h [videorecording] /

$c created by David Chase ; Chase Films, Brad Grey Television ; a

presentation of Home Box Office.

Give any variations in the title as appropriate.

245 00 $a 27 dresses $h [videorecording]

246 3 $a Twenty-seven dresses

245 00 $a There goes the neighborhood $h [videorecording]

246 1 $i Title on container: $a Urban gentrification

245 00 $a That darn cat! $h [videorecording]

246 1 $i Title appears on item as: $a Walt Disney Pictures presents That darn

cat!

Edition Area Many film titles are or have been available in various versions including widescreen, standard, or extended version. The edition statement in the 250 field is used to distinguish these various versions.

The item may carry a banner across the container saying, "Special Edition" or be otherwise identified on the disc or packaging. Such statements are usually transcribed in the 250 field. Statements that distinguish one format (e.g. VHS, DVD, Blu-ray) from another should be treated as a format (i.e. 300 field) and not as an edition statement in a 250. If there is no edition statement to transcribe and the statement is needed to distinguish one version from another, the cataloger may need to supply one in square brackets such as: [Widescreen ed.]. Examples of edition statements include:

250 $a Special ed.

250 $a Widescreen version.

250 $a Standard version.

250 $a Director's cut.

250 $a Extended version.

Sometimes such a statement describes an item, but there is no other version from which to distinguish it. For example, if a disc is released only in full-screen version it would not make sense to put full-screen in the 250. The movie "It happened one night" was filmed in 1.37:1 aspect ratio, so there are only full-screen releases. The box might read "full-screen," but it is not an edition statement in this case and would be entered in a 500 note rather than the 250 field. This applies to any information that does not distinguish versions.

However, if a title has been known to be issued in multiple versions, then that information should be given in the 250 field, even if the cataloger has to supply the text in square brackets.

250 $a Special director‘s cut ed., [widescreen version].

Be careful to distinguish between edition statements related to the item in hand and series statements relating to the item as part of a publisher's collection. See the Series Area section for examples of series statements.

Publication, Distribution, etc. Area -- Dates in Field 260

Some DVDs have a copyright date on the printed disc surface that represents the date the item was published; this date is recorded in MARC 21 field 260, just as found (with the copyright symbol).

If there is no copyright date on the disc surface, look for the latest date of those that may be printed on the back of the container [copyright date for cover design, etc.], and use this latest date as the assumed date of publication. Record this date in brackets and without the copyright symbol because it is an assumed date. Copyright renewal dates are ignored according to Library of Congress Rule Interpretation (LCRI) 1.4F6.

Physical Description Area – Extent of Item A. SMD

Use ―videodisc‖ as the specific material designation (SMD) in the 300 field subfield (a). It is recommended that a 538 note be given stating the item is a DVD.

300 $a 1 videodisc (66 min.) : $b sd., col. ; $c 4 3/4 in. + $e 1 booklet ([10] p. :

col. ill. ; 20 cm.) Notes used with the above example would include:

538 $a DVD.

500 $a Booklet features pieces by critic David Ehrenstein, screenwriter David

Sherwin, and director Lindsay Anderson.

[AACR2r 7.7B11, accompanying material note]

If the example above were a Blu-ray Disc, the first note would change to: 538 $a Blu-ray Disc. Optionally, rule 7.5B1 allows catalogers to use conventional terminology such as ―DVD-

video‖ or ―Blu-ray Disc‖ in the specific material designation area (SMD) of the 300 field subfield (a).

300 $a 1 DVD-video (102 min.) : $b sd., b&w ; $c 4 ¾ in.

300 $a 1 Blu-ray Disc (90 min.) : $b sd., col. ; $c 4 ¾ in.

Note – There has been an informal understanding, based on Library of Congress

practice of following Archival Moving Image Materials for moving images rather

than Anglo American Cataloguing Rules, that the traditional terminology

―videodisc‖ would continue to be used rather than conventional terminology.

However, there may be libraries that choose to apply this option.

B. Time

The time given in subfield (a) of MARC 21 field 300 and recorded in the appropriate fixed field should be the time of the title recorded in field 245. Areas 1 through 6 of the bibliographic record refer to the title being cataloged, not to the special material. Times of supplementary material and/or special features may be given in the notes relating to that material or those features.

The running time may be taken from any source, including the container. If the stated running time conflicts with the actual running time, give the actual running time in the fixed field and physical description area and make a note about the stated running time.

500 $a Duration stated on container: 56 min.

Series Area

Some phrases that would be used as series statements:

490 1 $a Five star collection

830 0 $a Five star collection.

490 1 $a James Bond collection

830 0 $a James Bond 007 collection.

490 0 $a Star trek next generation movie collection

490 1 $a New Line platinum series

830 0 $a New Line platinum series.

490 1 $a Criterion collection

830 0 $a Criterion collection (DVD videodiscs)

Note:

The practice of coding series statements in the MARC format has recently changed. The 440 field has been made obsolete, and the first indicator of the 490 field has been redefined as ―series traced in 8xx field‖. See this PCC announcement <http://www.loc.gov/catdir/pcc/Field440.pdf> and MARBI Proposal No. 2008-07 <http://www.loc.gov/marc/marbi/2008/2008-07.html> for more information.

Notes Area A. Introduction

Information for notes is often taken from the container as there is a great deal of information on the containers of most DVDs. It is advisable to use information exactly as stated on the item and to include any information considered important in the bibliographic record.

Notes are given in AACR order; however, consider giving the System details note first if it is considered to be of primary importance (permissible according to AACR 7.7B). Combine into one note information that would otherwise appear in two or more short notes as is permitted in AACR 1.7A5. Examples are shown in some of the following sections.

B. Languages DVD-Videos may have only the soundtrack from the original film. In this case, a language note is made only if the language of the content is not apparent from the rest of the bibliographic description.

546 $a In French.

More often though, closed-captioning, one or more additional soundtracks, and/or subtitles in one or more languages have been added. In any such case, language notes are needed.

Information about languages can be found on the container or a menu from the screen display. Languages are described in MARC 21 field 546 and coded in field 041.

Subtitles

The purpose of subtitles is to provide a translation of the soundtrack for non-

native language speakers. Subtitles assume the listener can hear the audio,

thus include only a translation of the dialog or phrases summarizing the dialog.

546 $a Soundtracks for the feature film in English, Spanish, and French,

with optional subtitles in each language.

Captioning

Captioning serves a wider purpose and includes not only a translation of the

dialog but also descriptions of sound effects, musical notes when there is music,

and any other sounds that would be missed by someone who cannot hear the

audio. Closed captions, utilized in many DVD-Videos, are not visible unless the

viewer activates them via the TV remote control, TV menu or computer DVD

player software menu. Open captions are always visible.

When the container or DVD insert shows the following symbol, the DVD is

closed-captioned:

Captioning information is entered in the 546 field.

546 $a Closed-captioned.

Be aware that captioning may not extend to special features. Optionally,

indicate in the language note not only the presence of closed-captioning but also

which items on the DVD carry this closed-captioning.

546 $a In Italian or French with optional French subtitles; closed

captioned in Italian.

546 $a Closed-captioned. In English with optional subtitles in English

and Spanish (feature film only).

[AACR2r 7.7B2, language]

Comment: In these examples, the captioning information is combined with other language information.

Closed-captioning data is decoded by the viewer‘s home system. Occasionally,

a DVD will include closed captions that work only on the captioning decoder in a

television; the captions will not display on a computer monitor. If the container

states the DVD is captioned but the captions do not display on the computer

DVD player, try the disc on a DVD player that displays on a television. If the

captions do display on the television, this should be noted in the record. If the

captions do not display at all, the inaccuracy on the box should be noted.

500 $a Container has symbol for closed captioning, however, video

does not have captions.

500 $a Edited version does not include closed-captioning, French

language soundtrack, and special features as stated on container.

Subtitles for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (SDH)

SDH is the acronym for ―Subtitles for the deaf and hard-of-hearing‖ and refers to

regular subtitles in the original language where important non-dialog audio has

been added, as well as speaker identification which is useful when the viewer

cannot otherwise visually tell which dialog is being spoken by a particular

onscreen character or person.

Appearance is the only significant difference for the user between SDH subtitles

and standard closed captioning. The SDH subtitles usually are displayed with

the same proportional font used for the translation subtitles on the DVD. Closed

captions are displayed as white text on a black band, which blocks a large

portion of the action onscreen.

546 $a In English with optional Spanish and French audio tracks; with

optional subtitles for the deaf and hearing impaired (SDH).

Audio Description / Descriptive Video Captioning

Although not common, some materials include Descriptive Video Captioning

(DVC) which provides an audio description of the action onscreen for the visually

impaired. The description is done in such a manner as not to interfere with the

spoken dialog. <http://www.dvdfile.com/site/faq/caption_guide/>

546 $a Audio-described.

Chart of Information on Container

Some publishers use a chart for language, sound, and other information on the

back of the container.

These charts should be checked against the menu on the DVD to verify what is

present on the DVD. The chart can be confusing, and catalogers should take

care when making an assessment. Not only is the chart on the container

sometimes inaccurate, but the screen menus may be also. The language and

caption settings should be checked on the actual video. This is easiest to do with

a computer DVD player such as WinDVD or PowerDVD. By right-clicking on the

video, it is possible to view and change language and caption settings.

Inaccuracies should be noted.

+ 51 hidden pages

Online Audiovisual Catalogers AACR2r,MARC 21 User Manual

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