Omega FDT81 User guide

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Page 1

MADE

IN U.S.A.

1 YEAR

WARRANTY

Page 2

Page 3

BEFORE OPERATING THE FDT-81

Important Notice!

Figure 1.1

The FDT-81 flow meter is equipped with a Lead Acid Gel Cell battery. This battery will require charging before initial operation.

Apply power, utilizing the enclosed 12 Volt DC output line power converter or cigarette-style power cord, to the FDT-81 for a period of 16-24 hours prior to using the product for the first time. The power converter connects to the DC IN +12V socket connection located on the side of the enclosure. See Figure 1.1. A fully charged battery will provide up to 24 hours of continuous operation before recharging will be necessary.

When the battery level has decreased to a point where recharging is required, the LOW BATTERY indicator will illuminate on the front panel. At that point, the meter will only operate a short time more until it automatically turns itself off—preventing excessive battery discharge that can damage the Gel Cell battery. The FDT-81 has an integral charging circuit that prevents overcharging. The instrument can be permanently connected to AC line power without damaging the flow meter or the battery. Page 1.10 of this manual contains additional recommendations to preserve and maximize the power in the FDT-81 battery.

If the FDT-81 is to be used for extended periods of operation, the AC power converter or the 12 volt cigarette converter can remain connected indefinitely.

- 1.3 - FDT-81

Page 4

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part 1 - Introduction

Connections

Inputs and Outputs

Quick-Start Operating Instructions 1.6

Introduction

General 1.8

Applications 1.8

Product Identification 1.9

Product Specifications 1.10

Transmitter Connections 1.11

Battery Charging and Maintenance 1.12

Input/Output Connections and Options

4-20 mA Output 1.15

Optional ISO-Mods 1.16

Pages

Part 2 - Transducer Installation

Transducer Mounting Location 2.1

Transducer Spacing

Mounting Modes 2.4

Keypad Entry 2.5

Transducer Mounting

Pipe Preparation 2.14

V-Mount and W-Mount Installation 2.15

Z-Mount Installation 2.16

Mounting Track Installation 2.19

Small Pipe Transducer Installation 2.20

- 1.4 - FDT-81

Page 5

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part 3 Operation

Instrument Startup and Configuration 3.1

Keypad Operation 3.2

Menu Structure

BASIC MENU 3.4

OUT2 MENU 4-20 mA 3.13

Optional Input/Output 3.15

SENSOR MENU 3.19

SECURITY MENU 3.19

SERVICE MENU 3.20

Signal Strength 3.21

Setting ZERO Flow 3.23

DISPLAY MENU 3.24

Pages

Appendix

Error Codes

Fluid Characteristic Table

Digital Communications Protocol

Pipe Dimension Chart: Cast Iron

Pipe Dimension Chart: Ductile Iron

Pipe Dimension Chart: ST, SS, PVC

Velocity to Volumetric Conversion

Addendum - Heat Flow

Statement of Warranty

- 1.5 - FDT-81

Page 6

QUICK-START OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

Transducer Location

This manual contains detailed operating instructions for all aspects of the FDT-81 instrument. The following condensed instructions are provided to assist the operator in getting the instrument configured and measuring as quickly as possible. This pertains to basic operation only. If specific instrument features are to be used or if the installer is unfamiliar with this type of instrument, refer to the appropriate section in the manual for complete details.

1. TRANSDUCER LOCATION

A. In general, select a mounting location on the piping

system with a minimum of 10 pipe diameters (10 times the pipe inside diameter) of straight pipe upstream and 5 straight diameters downsteam. See Table 2.1 for detailed piping configurations and recommended lengths of straight pipe.

B. Select a mounting method for the transducers based

on pipe size and liquid characteristics. See Figure

1.2. Select W-Mount for plastic pipes flowing clean, non-aerated liquids in the 2-3 inch [50-75 mm] internal diameter range. Select V-Mount for pipes of all materials and most liquids in pipe sizes from 2-10 inches [50-250 mm]. Select Z-Mount for pipes 10-100 inches [250-2540 mm] inches.

W-Mount V-Mount Z-Mount

Figure 1.2

- 1.6 - FDT-81

Page 7

QUICK-START OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

*Nominal values for these parameters are included within the FDT-81 operating system. The nominal values may be used as they appear or may be modified if exact system values are known.

C. Enter the following data into the FDT-81 transmitter via

the integral keypad.

1. Transducer mounting method

2. Pipe O.D. (Outside Diameter)

3. Pipe wall thickness

4. Pipe material

5. Pipe sound speed*

6. Pipe relative roughness*

7. Pipe liner thickness

8. Pipe liner material (if present)

(if present)

9. Fluid type

10. Fluid sound speed*

11. Fluid viscosity*

12. Fluid specific gravity*

D. Record the value calculated and displayed as Transducer

Spacing/XDCR SPC.

2. PIPE PREPARATION AND TRANSDUCER MOUNTING

A. The piping surface, where the transducers are to be

mounted, needs to be clean and dry. Remove loose scale, rust and paint to ensure satisfactory acoustical bonds.

Figure 1.3

Connections

Startup

B. Apply a liberal amount of couplant grease onto the

transducer faces.

C. Attach the transducers to the pipe at the location(s)

determined in Step 1. Refer to Figure 1.2 for proper orientation.

3. TRANSDUCER/POWER CONNECTIONS

A. If additional transducer cable is required, utilize RG59

coaxial wire with 75 Ohm terminations.

B. Refer to the WIRING DIAGRAM located on the inner

door of the FDT-81 transmitter and Figure 1.3 for proper power and transducer connections.

4. INITIAL SETTINGS AND POWER UP

A. Press the ON button on the flow meter keypad.

B. From the Service Menu, verify that signal strength is greater than 2.0%.

C. Input proper units of measure and I/O data.

- 1.7 - FDT-81

Page 8

PART 1 - INTRODUCTION

General

Application Versatility

The FDT-81 ultrasonic flow meter is designed to measure the fluid velocity of liquid within closed conduit (pipe). The transducers are a non-contacting, clamp-on type, which will provide benefits of non-fouling operation and ease of installation.

The FDT-81 flow meter can be successfully applied on a wide range of metering applications. The simple to program transmitter allows the standard product to be used on pipe sizes ranging from 2 - 100 inch [50 - 2540 mm] internal diameters. A variety of liquid applications can be accommodated: ultrapure liquids, potable water, chemicals, raw sewage, reclaimed water, cooling water, river water, plant effluent, etc. Because the transducers are noncontacting and have no moving parts, the flow meter is not affected by system pressure, fouling or wear. Standard transducers are rated to 300 °F [150 °C]. Higher temperatures can be accommodated. Please consult the factory for assistance.

- 1.8 - FDT-81

Page 9

PART 1 - INTRODUCTION

User Safety

Data Integrity

Product Identification

The FDT-81 employs modular construction and provides electrical safety for the operator. The display face contains voltages no greater than 10 Vdc. All user connections are made through sealed bulk-head plugs located on the side of the FDT-81 enclosure.

Non-volatile flash memory retains all user-entered configuration values in memory for several years, even if power is lost or the unit is turned off. Password protection is provided as part of the Security menu and prevents inadvertent configuration changes or totalizer resets.

The serial number and complete model number of the FDT-81 is located on the inside of the transmitter’s front cover. Should technical assistance be required, please provide the Omega Customer Service Department with this information.

- 1.9 - FDT-81

Page 10

PART 1 - SPECIFICATIONS

TRANSMITTER

Power Requirements

Velocity Range

Inputs/Outputs

Standard

4-20 mA 800 Ohm max; 12-bit resolution, passive or active

Options

Rate Pulse MOSFET, 0.21 Ohms, 100 V max, 0 to 2,500 Hz max

Dual Relay 2 separate Form C relays, 200 VAC max at 0.5 A (resistive)

RS232C Data rate to 57.6k

RS485 Supports up to 119 drops

Heat Flow (RTD) Supports two 1000 Ohm RTDs, multiplexed, 12-bit resolution

Display

Units User configured

Rate Gal, liters, million gal, ft³, m³, acre-ft, oil barrels (42 gal), liquid barrels (31.5 gal), ft, m, lb, kg, BTU, MBTU,

Time Seconds, minutes, hours, days

Totalizer

Mode Forward, reverse, net, batch

Ambient Conditions

Enclosure NEMA 4X (IP-66) while open, NEMA 6 (IP-68) while closed, ABS with SS hardware

Size 14.00" H × 6.06" W × 10.56" D (355.6 mm H × 153.9 mm W × 268.2 mm D); 14.8 lbs (6.7 Kg)

Flow Rate Accuracy FDT-81-STD / FDT-81-HT: ±1% of reading at rates >1 FPS (0.3 MPS), ±0.01 FPS (±0.003 MPS) at rates lower

Flow Sensitivity 0.001 FPS (0.0003 MPS)

Repeatability ±0.01% of reading

Response Time (Flow) 0.3 to 30 seconds, user configured, to 100% of value, step change in flow

Security Keypad lockout, user selected 4 digit access code

Internal 12 V lead-acid Gel Cell battery provides 24 hrs of continuous operation @ 20 °C. Charging: Wall mount power converter. 115 or 230 VAC 50/60 Hz ±15% VA max; 12-15 VDC @ 2.5 VA max

-40

+40

All output modules are optically isolated from earth and system grounds. One module and one data logger may be installed.

128 × 64 pixel graphics LCD, LED backlit. Two user selectable font sizes 0.35" (8.9 mm) or 0.2" (5 mm) 8 digit rate, 8 digit totalizer (resettable)

MMBTU, ton

Gal, liters, million gal, ft³, m³, acre-ft, oil barrels (42 gal), liquid barrels (31.5 gal), lb, kg, BTU, MBTU, MMBTU, ton

-40

°F to +185 °F

than 1 FPS

FDT-81-SML: 1" and larger units ±1% of reading from 10-100% of measuring range, ±0.01 FPS (±0.003 MPS) at rates lower than 10% of measuring range; ½" and ¾" units ±1% FS

FPS (-12 to +12 MPS)

(-40

°C to

+85

°C), 0 to 95% relative humidity (non-condensing)

TRANSDUCERS

Liquid Types Most non-aerated, clean liquids

Cable Length Up to 990 ft (300 meters); standard lengths 20, 50, 100 ft (6, 15, 30 meters)

Pipe Sizes FDT-81-STD / FDT-81-HT: 2 inch and larger

FDT-81-SML: 1/2", 3/4", 1", 1-1/4", 1-1/2", 2" (ANSI pipe, copper tube, tubing)

Environment NEMA 6

Pipe Surface Temperature

Ambient Conditions

Housing Material FDT-81-STD: CPVC, Ultem

FDT-81-STD:

FDT-81-SML:

FDT-81-HT:

-40

°F to +185 °F

FDT-81-SML: PVC, Ultem

FDT-81-HT: PTFE, Vespel

-40

°F to +250 °F

-40

°F to +185 °F

-40

°F to +350 °F

(-40

°C to

(-40

°C to +121 °C)

(-40

°C to

+85

(-40

°C to +177 °C)

+85

°C)

, and nylon

, and nickel-plated brass

°C)

- 1.10 - FDT-81

Page 11

PART 1 - FDT-81 TRANSMITTER CONNECTIONS

Transmitter Location Considerations

After unpacking, it is recommended to save the shipping carton and packing materials in case the instrument is stored or re-shipped. Inspect the equipment and carton for damage. If there is evidence of shipping damage, notify the carrier immediately.

When the FDT-81 is to be utilized for extended periods of time in one location, the enclosure should be placed in an area that is convenient for servicing, calibration or for observation of the LCD readout.

1. Locate the transmitter within the length of transducer cable that was supplied with the FDT-81 system. If this is not possible, additional cable should be RG59 coaxial cable and terminations should be 75 Ohm. Longer cables are also available by contacting the factory.

2. Place the FDT-81 transmitter in a location that is:

♦ Where little vibration exists.

♦ Protected from falling corrosive fluids.

♦ Within ambient temperature limits -40 to +185 °F [-40 to

+85 °C]

♦ Out of direct sunlight. Direct sunlight may increase

transmitter temperatures above maximum limit.

3. If the transmitter will be subjected to a wet environment, it is recommended that the cover remain closed and the latches secured after configuration is completed. The faceplate/keypad of the FDT-81 is watertight, but avoid letting water collect on the keypad area.

It is highly recommended that the internal battery in the FDT-81 be fully charged before using the meter for the first time. Details covering this procedure are located on Page 1.1 of this manual.

- 1.11 - FDT-81

Page 12

PART 1 - FDT-81 TRANSMITTER CONNECTIONS

Electrical Connections

Figure 1.4

Battery Charging and External Power Sources

1. The connectors located on the side of the FDT-81 consist of three 1/4 turn BNC-type and one 5.5mm power plug. These connectors are environmentally sealed, but it is recommended not to allow water or other liquids to collect in the electrical connections pocket.

2. Connect the appropriate wires to the corresponding connections on the transmitter. The transducer cable has markings of UPSTREAM and DOWNSTREAM to assist in the installation process. The UPSTREAM transducer is the one located closer to the direction from which fluid flow normally comes from (The fluid normally passes the UPSTREAM transducer before passing the DOWNSTREAM transducer.) If the transducer wires are connected backwards, a negative flow indication will be observed on the flow meter display. See Figure 1.4 or the Wiring Diagram located on the inner door of the transmitter.

NOTE: The transducer cables carry low level signals. If additional cable is required, it must be RG59 coaxial cable with 75 Ohm terminations. Longer cables are also available from the factory.

The 12 volt DC power converter and 12 volt cigarette-style power cord connect to the socket connection located on the side of the enclosure. See Figure 1.4. A fully charged battery will provide up to 24 hours of continuous operation before recharging will be necessary. When the battery level has decreased to a point where recharging is required, the LOW BATTERY indicator will illuminate on the front panel. At that point, the meter will only operate a short time more until it automatically turns itself off—preventing excessive battery discharge that can damage the Gel Cell battery.

- 1.12 - FDT-81

Page 13

PART 1 - FDT-81 TRANSMITTER CONNECTIONS

If the FDT-81 is to be used for extended periods of operation, the 12 Vdc line power converter or the 12 V cigarette-style converter can remain connected indefinitely.

To charge the internal Gel Cell battery, apply power, utilizing the enclosed 12 Vdc line power converter or cigarette-style power cord, to the FDT-81 for a period of 16-24 hours. The FDT-81 has an integral charging circuit that prevents overcharging. The instrument can be permanently connected to AC line power without damaging the flow meter or the battery.

The Gel Cell battery is “maintenance free”, but it still requires a certain amount of attention to prolong its useful life. To obtain the greatest capacity and longevity from the battery, the following practices are recommended:

• Do not allow the battery to completely discharge. (Discharging the battery to the point where the LOW BATTERY indicator illuminates will not damage the battery. Allowing the battery to remain discharged for long periods of time can degrade the storage capacity of the battery.) When not in use, continually charge the battery by keeping the 12 Vdc line power converter plugged in and connected to the flow meter. The FDT-81 battery management circuitry will not allow the battery to become “over-charged”.

NOTE: The FDT-81 will automatically enter a low power consumption mode approximately 1-1/2 minutes after the LOW BATTERY indicator illuminates. This circuit prevents excessive discharge of the internal battery.

• If the FDT-81 is stored for prolonged periods of time, monthly charging is recommended.

• If the FDT-81 is stored for prolonged periods of time, store at a temperature below 70 °F [21 °C].

Use wiring practices that conform to local codes (National Electric Code Handbook in the USA). Use only the power converters that have been supplied with the FDT-81 flow meter. The ground terminal, if present on the converter, is mandatory for safe operation.

- 1.13 - FDT-81

Page 14

PART 1 - FDT-81 TRANSMITTER CONNECTIONS

CAUTION: Any other wiring method may be unsafe or cause improper operation of the instrument.

It is recommended not to run line power with other signal wires within the same wiring tray or conduit.

NOTE: This instrument requires clean electrical line power. Do not operate this unit on circuits with noisy components (i.e. Fluorescent lights, relays, compressors, variable frequency drives, etc.).

The FDT-81 can be operated from a 11-15 Vdc source, using the included auto-style power cord, as long as it is capable of supplying at least 3 Watts—observe proper polarity.

- 1.14 - FDT-81

Page 15

PART 1 - FDT-81 TRANSMITTER CONNECTIONS

General Information Regarding Input/ Output: ISO-MODs

Standard

4-20 mA Output

The FDT-81 flow meter may contain two Isolated Input/output Modules (ISO-MODs); one located inside of the flow meter

enclosure and one that is user accessible, located under the access door on the keyboard. The standard configuration of these modules is to have the internal module configured as an actively powered 4-20 mA.

ISO-MODs are epoxy encapsulated electronic input/output modules that are simple to install and replace in the field. All modules are 2,500 volt optically isolated from FDT-81 power and earth grounds -- eliminating the potential for ground loops and reducing the chance of severe damage in the event of an electrical surge.

The standard 4-20mA output may be replaced with one of the following four ISO-MODs: dual-relay, rate pulse, RS232C, and RS485. FDT-81 supports one ISO-MOD input/output module. All modules are field configurable by utilizing the keyboard. Field wiring connections to ISO-MODs are quick and easy using pluggable terminals.

The 4-20 mA Output Module interfaces with virtually all recording and logging systems by transmitting an analog current signal that is proportional to system flow rate. Independent 4 mA and 20 mA span settings are established in software using the FL 4MA and FL 20MA settings in the OUTPUT2 configuration menu. These entries can be set anywhere in the -40 to +40 fps [-12 to +12 mps] measuring range of the instrument. Output resolution of the module is 12-bits (4,096 discrete points). The module can drive more than 800 ohms of load with its internally generated 24 volt power source.

A 4-20 mA output interface cable has been included with the FDT-81 package. Connect the 1/4-turn BNC connection to the jack located on the side of the flow meter. See Figure

1.5. The red clip on the cable provides the positive leg of the

output and the black clip provides the negative side. Verify that the sum of the resistances in the loop do not exceed 800 Ohms. The FDT-81 output is configured to source current.

Refer to Section 3 of this manual for detailed information

Figure 1.5

- 1.15 - FDT-81

regarding the configuration, calibration and testing of the 4-20 mA output.

Page 16

PART 1 - FDT-81 TRANSMITTER CONNECTIONS

Other Optional ISO-Mods

There are four additional optional ISO-Mods available in replacement of the standard 4-20mA output. If interested in one of these optional ISO-Mods, please contact Omega.

- 1.16 - FDT-81

Page 17

PART 2 - TRANSDUCER POSITIONING

General

The transducers that are utilized by the Series FDT-81 contain piezoelectric crystals for transmitting and receiving ultrasound signals through walls of liquid piping systems. The transducers are relatively simple and straight-forward to install, but spacing and alignment of the transducers is critical to the system's accuracy and performance. Extra care should be taken to ensure that these instructions are carefully executed.

Mounting of the clamp-on ultrasonic transit time transducers is comprised of three steps:

1. Selection of the optimum location on a piping system.

2. Entering the pipe and liquid parameters by keying the parameters into the FDT-81 keypad. The software embedded in the FDT-81 will calculate proper transducer spacing based on these entries.

3. Pipe preparation and transducer mounting.

1. Mounting Location

The first step in the installation process is the selection of an optimum location for the flow measurement to be made. For this to be done effectively, a basic knowledge of the piping system and its plumbing are required.

An optimum location would be defined as a piping system that is completely full of liquid when measurements are being taken and has lengths of straight pipe such as those described in Table 2.1. The optimum straight pipe diameter recommendations apply to pipes in both horizontal and vertical orientation.

- 2.1 - FDT-81

Page 18

PART 2 - TRANSDUCER POSITIONING

Table 2.1

The FDT-81 system will provide repeatable measurements on piping systems that do not meet these

requirements, but the accuracy of these readings may be influenced to various degrees.

- 2.2 - FDT-81

Page 19

PART 2 - TRANSDUCER POSITIONING

2. Transducer Spacing

FDT-81 transit time flow meters utilize two transducers that function as both ultrasonic transmitters and receivers. The transducers are clamped on the outside of a closed pipe at a specific distance from each other. The transducers can be mounted in V-mode where the sound transverses the pipe two times, W-mode where the sound transverses the pipe four times, or in Z-mode where the transducers are mounted on opposite sides of the pipe and the sound crosses the pipe once. For further details, reference pictures located under Table 2.2. The appropriate mounting configuration is based on pipe and liquid characteristics. Selection of the proper transducer mounting method is not entirely predictable and many times is an iterative process. Table 2.2 contains recommended mounting configurations for common applications. These recommended configurations may need to be modified for specific applications if such things as aeration, suspended solids or poor piping conditions are present. W-mode provides the longest sound path length between the transducers—but the weakest signal strength. Z-mode provides the strongest signal strength—but has the shortest sound path length. On pipes smaller than 3 inches [75 mm], it is desirable to have a longer sound path length, so that the differential time can be measured more accurately. Use of the FDT-81 diagnostics in determining the optimum transducer mounting is covered later in this section.

IMPORTANT: Since the time interval being measured is influenced by the transducer spacing, it is critical that the transducer spacing be measured on the pipe accurately to assure optimum performance from the FDT-81 system.

- 2.3 - FDT-81

Page 20

PART 2 - TRANSDUCER POSITIONING

Table 2.2

Transducer Mounting Modes

Transducer Mount

Mode

W-Mode

V-Mode

Z-Mode

Pipe Material Pipe Size Liquid Composition

Plastic (all types)

Carbon Steel

Stainless Steel

Copper

Ductile Iron

Cast Iron

Plastic (all types)

Carbon Steel

Stainless Steel

Copper

Ductile Iron

Cast Iron

Plastic (all types)

Carbon Steel

Stainless Steel

Copper

Ductile Iron

Cast Iron

1-6 in. (25-150 mm) 1-4 in. (25-100 mm) 1-6 in. (25-150 mm) 1-6 in. (25-150 mm) Not recommended Not recommended

6-30 in. (150-750 mm) 4-24 in. (100-600 mm) 6-30 in. (150-750 mm) 6-30 in. (150-750 mm) 3-12 in. (75-300 mm) 3-12 in. (75-300 mm)

> 30 in. (> 750 mm) > 24 in. (> 600 mm) > 30 in. (> 750 mm) > 30 in. (> 750 mm) > 12 in. (> 300 mm) > 12 in. (> 300 mm)

Low TSS; non-aerated Low TSS; non-aerated Low TSS; non-aerated Low TSS; non-aerated

Low TSS; non-aerated Low TSS; non-aerated Low TSS; non-aerated Low TSS; non-aerated Low TSS; non-aerated Low TSS; non-aerated

TSS = Total Suspended Solids

Transducer Mounting Modes

W-Mount

Configuration

- 2.4 - FDT-81

V-Mount

Configuration

Z-Mount

Configuration

Page 21

PART 2 - TRANSDUCER POSITIONING

Entering the Pipe and Liquid Data

The FDT-81 system calculates proper transducer spacing by utilizing piping and liquid information entered by the user. This information can be entered via the keypad.

In addition, the following information is required before mounting the transducers on the pipe. Note that much of the data relating to material sound speed, viscosity and specific gravity are preprogrammed into the meter. This data only needs to be modified if it is known that a particular liquid data varies from the reference value.

1. Transducer mounting configuration (Table 2.2)

2. Pipe O.D. (Outside Diameter)

3. Pipe wall thickness

4. Pipe material

5. Pipe sound speed1

6. Pipe relative roughness1

7. Pipe liner thickness (if present)

8. Pipe liner material (if present)

9. Fluid type

10. Fluid sound speed1

11. Fluid viscosity1

12. Fluid specific gravity1

Nominal values for these parameters are included within the FDT-81 operating system. The nominal values may be used as they appear or may be modified if exact system values are known.

After entering the data listed above, the FDT-81 will calculate proper transducer spacing for the particular data set. This distance will be in inches if the FDT-81 is configured in English units, or millimeters if configured in metric units.

- 2.5 - FDT-81

Page 22

PART 2 - TRANSDUCER POSITIONING

Keypad Entry

Graphics Display Configuration

The FDT-81 contains a tactile feedback keypad interface that allows the user to configure parameters used by the FDT-81 operating system.

Graphics Display

Soft Keys

The FDT-81 system can be configured using UltraLink™ and a laptop computer. Please refer to page 2.13 for details regarding data entry in

™

UltraLink

Arrow Keys

Numeric Keys

Infrared Communications Port

The following “Soft Key” menu items will be displayed immediately above the two keys located in the lower corners of the Graphics Display.

1. The (soft)MENU key is pressed from RUN mode to enter

PROGRAM mode. The (soft)EXIT key is pressed in PROGRAM mode to exit configuration parameters and menus. If any configuration changes are made, the user will be prompted with a SAVE? (soft)YES or (soft)NO when returning to RUN mode. If no changes are made, the user will not be prompted for to SAVE.

2. The UP/DOWN ARROW keys are used to scroll through

menus and configuration parameters. The ARROW keys can also be used to adjust parameter numerical values. In RUN mode the UP/DOWN ARROW keys are used to adjust the display contrast level.

3. The Numerical Keypad is used for entering numerical

values.

4. The (soft)EDIT key is used to

• access the configuration parameters in the various

menus.

• initiate changes in configuration parameters.

5. The (soft)ACCEPT key is used to

• accept configuration parameter changes.

- 2.6 - FDT-81

Page 23

PART 2 - TRANSDUCER POSITIONING

UNITS Entry

6. The (soft)SELECT key is used to

• Configure the engineering units on the graphics

display—Press the (soft)SELECT key from RUN mode to highlight the engineering unit presently being displayed on the graphics display (pressing the SELECT key multiple times will toggle the highlighted unit from line to line). Use the UP/ DOWN ARROW keys to select display units of:

• RATE

• TOTALizer

• VELocity

• SIGNAL STRength

• From Menu 7, Display Menu, the number of

graphics display lines can be toggled between two and four lines.

Menu 1, the BASIC menu contains all of the configuration parameters necessary to make the transducer spacing calculation.

UNITS ENGLSH

METRIC

Installs a global measurement standard into the operation of the instrument. The choices are either English or Metric measurements.

• Select ENGLSH if all configurations (pipe sizes,

etc.) are to be made in inches. Select METRIC if the meter is to be configured in millimeters.

• The ENGLSH/METRIC selection will also configure

the FDT-81 to display sound speeds in pipe materials and liquids as either feet per second or meters per second respectively.

- 2.7 - FDT-81

Page 24

PART 2 - TRANSDUCER POSITIONING

Transducer Mount Configuration

Pipe O.D. Entry

Pipe Wall Entry

XDCR MNT -- Transducer Mounting Method

Selects the mounting orientation for the transducers. The selection of an appropriate mounting orientation is based on pipe and liquid characteristics. Refer to Table 2.2 in this manual.

V -- Mount. A reflective type (transducers mounted on one side of the pipe) of installation used primarily on pipe sizes in the 3-10 inch [75-250 mm] internal diameter range.

W -- Mount. A reflective type (transducers mounted on one side of the pipe) of installation used primarily on pipe sizes in the 2-3 inch [50-75 mm] internal diameter range.

Z -- Mount. A direct type (transducers mounted on opposite sides of the pipe) of installation used primarily on pipe sizes in the 10-100 inch [250-2540 mm] internal diameter range.

PIPE OD -- Pipe Outside Diameter Entry ENGLSH (Inches)

METRIC (Millimeters)

Enter the pipe outside diameter in inches if ENGLSH was selected as UNITS; in millimeters if METRIC was selected.

PIPE WT -- Pipe Wall Thickness Entry ENGLSH (Inches)

METRIC (Millimeters)

Enter the pipe wall thickness selected as UNITS; in millimeters if METRIC was selected.

in inches if ENGLSH was

- 2.8 - FDT-81

Page 25

PART 2 - TRANSDUCER POSITIONING

Pipe Material Entry

Pipe Sound Speed Entry

PIPE MAT -- Pipe Material Selection CARBON S - Carbon Steel

STAINLES - Stainless Steel CAST IRO - Cast Iron DUCTILE - Ductile Iron COPPER - Copper PVC - Polyvinylchloride PVDF LOW - Low Density Polyvinylidene Flouride PVDF HI - High Density Polyvinylidene Flouride ALUMINUM - Aluminum ASBESTOS - Asbestos Cement FIBERGLA - Fiberglass OTHER

This list is provided as an example. Additional materials are being added continuously. Select the appropriate pipe material from the list or select OTHER if the material is not listed.

PIPE SS -- Speed of Sound in the Pipe Material ENGLSH (Feet per Second)

METRIC (Meters per Second)

Allows adjustments to be made to the speed of sound in the pipe wall. If the UNITS value was set to ENGLSH, the entry is in FPS (feet per second). METRIC entries are made in MPS (meters per second).

If a pipe material was chosen from the PIPE MAT list, a nominal value for speed of sound in that material will be automatically loaded. If the actual sound speed rate is known for the application piping system and that value varies from the automatically loaded value, the value can be revised.

If OTHER was chosen as PIPE MAT, a PIPE SS will need to be entered.

- 2.9 - FDT-81

Page 26

PART 2 - TRANSDUCER POSITIONING

Pipe Roughness Entry

Liner Thickness Entry

Liner Material Entry

PIPE R -- Pipe Material Relative Roughness UNITLESS VALUE

The FDT-81 provides Reynolds Number compensation in its flow measurement calculation. The ratio of average surface imperfection as it relates to the pipe internal diameter is used in this compensation.

Linear RMS measurement of the pipe PIPE R = internal wall surface Internal Diameter of the pipe

If a pipe material was chosen from the PIPE MAT list, a nominal value relative roughness in that material will be automatically loaded. If the actual roughness is known for the application piping system and that value varies from the automatically loaded value, the value can be revised.

If OTHER was chosen as PIPE MAT, a PIPE R may to be entered.

LINER T -- Pipe Liner Thickness Entry ENGLSH (Inches)

METRIC (Millimeters)

Enter the pipe liner thickness. Enter this value in inches if ENGLSH was selected as UNITS; in millimeters if METRIC was selected.

[If a LINER Thickness was selected] LINER MAT - Liner Material

TAR EPOXY RUBBER MORTAR POLYPROPYLENE POLYSTYROL POLYSTYRENE POLYESTER POLYETHYLENE EBONITE PTFE or PFA OTHER

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PART 2 - TRANSDUCER POSITIONING

Liner Sound Speed Entry

Fluid Type Entry

Fluid Sound Speed Entry

This list is provided as an example. Additional materials are being added continuously. Select the appropriate material from the list or select OTHER if the liner material is not listed.

LINER SS -- Speed of Sound in the Liner ENGLSH (Feet per Second)

METRIC (Meters per Second)

Allows adjustments to be made to the speed of sound in the liner. If the UNITS value was set to ENGLSH, the entry is in FPS (feet per second). METRIC entries are made in MPS (meters per second). If a liner was chosen from the LINER MAT list, a nominal value for speed of sound in that media will be automatically loaded. If the actual sound speed rate is known for the pipe liner and that value varies from the automatically loaded value, the value can be revised.

FL TYPE - Fluid/Media Type

TAP WATER SEWAGE-RAW ALCOHOL SEA WATE KEROSENE GASOLINE FUEL OIL CRUDE OI PROPANE BUTANE OTHER

This list is provided as an example. Additional liquids are being added continuously. Select the appropriate liquid from the list or select OTHER if the liquid is not listed.

FLUID SS -- Speed of Sound in the Fluid ENGLSH (Feet per Second)

METRIC (Meters per Second)

Allows adjustments to be made to the speed of sound in the liquid. If the UNITS value was set to ENGLSH, the entry is in FPS (feet per second). METRIC entries are made in MPS (meters per second). If a fluid was chosen from the FL TYPE list, a nominal value for speed of sound in that media will be

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PART 2 - TRANSDUCER POSITIONING

Fluid Viscosity Entry

Fluid Specific Gravity Entry

automatically loaded. If the actual sound speed rate is known for the application fluid and that value varies from the automatically loaded value, the value can be revised.

If OTHER was chosen as FL TYPE, a FLUID SS will need to be entered. A list of alternate fluids and their associated sound speeds are located the Appendix located at the back of this manual.

FLUID VI -- Absolute Viscosity the Fluid cps

Allows adjustments to be made to the absolute viscosity of the liquid. If a fluid was chosen from the FL TYPE list, a nominal value for viscosity in that media will be automatically loaded. If the actual viscosity is known for the application fluid and that value varies from the automatically loaded value, the value can be revised. If OTHER was chosen as FL TYPE, a FLUID VI will need to be entered. A list of alternate fluids and their associated viscosities are located the Appendix located at the back of this manual.

SP GRVTY -- Fluid Specific Gravity Entry unitless

Allows adjustments to be made to the specific gravity (density) of the liquid.

If a fluid was chosen from the FL TYPE list, a nominal value for specific gravity in that media will be automatically loaded. If the actual specific gravity is known for the application fluid and that value varies from the automatically loaded value, the value can be revised.

If OTHER was chosen as FL TYPE, a SP GRVTY may need to be entered if mass flows are to be calculated. A list of alternate fluids and their associated specific gravities are located the Appendix located at the back of this manual.

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PART 2 - TRANSDUCER POSITIONING

Transducer Spacing Calculation

XDCR SPAC -- Transducer Spacing Calculation ENGLSH (Inches)

METRIC (Millimeters)

This value represents the one-dimensional linear measurement between the transducers (the upstream/ downstream measurement that runs parallel to the pipe). This value is in inches if ENGLSH was selected as UNITS, in millimeters if METRIC was selected. This measurement is taken from the line which is scribed into the side of the transducer block.

IMPORTANT: Pipe sizes under 2 inches [50 mm] require optional transducers and a modified FDT-81 system that can be purchased separately. See Page 2.22 for additional details or consult Omega for information.

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PART 2 - TRANSDUCER POSITIONING

3. Transducer Mounting

After selecting an optimal mounting location, Step 1, and successfully determining the proper transducer spacing, Step 2, the transducers can now be mounted onto the pipe.

The transducers need to be properly oriented on the pipe to provide optimum reliability and performance. On horizontal pipes, the transducers should be mounted 180 radial degrees from one another and at least 45 degrees from the top-deadcenter and bottom-dead-center of the pipe. See Figure 2.1. Figure 2.1 does not apply to vertically oriented pipes.

Figure 2.1 Horizontal pipe transducer mounting

Pipe Preparation

- 2.14 - FDT-81

Before the transducers are bonded to the pipe surface, two areas slightly larger than the flat surface of the transducer heads must be cleaned of all rust, scale and moisture. For pipes with rough surfaces, such as ductile iron pipe, it is recommended that the pipe surface be ground flat. Paint and other coatings, if not flaked or bubbled, need not be removed. Plastic pipes typically do not require surface preparation other than soap and water cleaning.

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PART 2 - TRANSDUCER POSITIONING

V-Mount and W-mount Transducer Installation

Transducer Mounting - V-mount and W-mount

1. Place a single bead of couplant, approximately 0.50 inch

[12mm] thick, on the flat face of the transducer (Figure

2.2). Generally, a silicone-based grease is used as an acoustic couplant, but any grease-like substance that is rated not to “flow” at the temperature that the pipe may operate at, will be acceptable.

Figure 2.2 Transducer Couplant Application

2. Place the upstream transducer in position and secure with

a mounting strap. The strap should be place in the arched groove on end of transducer. A screw is provided to help hold the transducer onto the strap. Verify that the transducer is true to the pipe - adjust as necessary. Tighten strap securely.

3. Place the downstream transducer on pipe at the

calculated transducer spacing. See Figure 2.3. Using firm hand pressure, slowly move the transducer towards and away from the upstream transducer while observing Signal Strength. Clamp the transducer at the position where the highest Signal Strength is observed. A Signal Strength between 3.0 and 95.0 percent is acceptable.

(Top view of pipe)

Figure 2.3 Transducer Position

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PART 2 - TRANSDUCER POSITIONING

4. If after adjustment of the transducers the Signal Strength

does not rise to above 5 percent, then an alternate transducer mounting method should be selected. If the mounting method was W-mode, then reconfigure the FDT-81 for V-mode, reset the FDT-81, move the downstream transducer to the new location and repeat step 3.

5. Certain pipe and liquid characteristics may cause Signal

Strength to rise to greater than 95%. The problem with operating an FDT-81 with very high Signal Strength is that the signals may saturate the input amplifiers and cause erratic readings. To decrease the Signal Strength, move one transducer a small distance radially around the pipe, as shown in Figure 2.4.

Figure 2.4 High Signal Strength Condition

Z-Mount Transducer Installation

- 2.16 - FDT-81

Transducer Mounting in Z-Mount Configuration

Installation on larger pipes requires careful measurements to linear and radial placement of transducers. Failure to properly orient and place transducers on pipe may lead to weak signal strength and/or inaccurate readings. The section below details a method for properly locating transducers on larger pipes. It requires a roll of paper (i.e. freezer or wrapping paper), masking tape and a marking device.

1. Wrap paper around pipe as shown in Figure 2.5. Align

the paper ends to within 0.25 inches [6mm].

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PART 2 - TRANSDUCER POSITIONING

Figure 2.5 Paper Template Alignment

2. Mark the intersection of the two ends of paper to indicate

the circumference. Remove the template and spread it out on a flat surface. Fold template in half, bisecting the circumference. See Figure 2.6.

Figure 2.6 Bisecting the pipe circumference

3. Crease the paper at the fold line. Mark the crease. Place a

mark on the pipe where one of the transducers will be located. See Figure 2.1 for acceptable radial orientations. Wrap the template back around the pipe, placing the beginning of the paper and corner in the location of the mark. Move to the other side of the pipe and mark the

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PART 2 - TRANSDUCER POSITIONING

ends of the crease. Measure from the end of the crease (directly across the pipe from the first transducer location) the dimension derived in Step 2, Transducer Spacing. Mark this location on the pipe.

4. The two marks on the pipe are now properly aligned and

measured.

If access to the bottom of the pipe prohibits the wrapping of the paper around the circumference, cut a piece of paper to these dimensions and lay it over the top of the pipe.

Length = Pipe O.D. x 1.57

Width = Spacing determined on 2.12 or 2.14

Mark opposite corners of the paper on the pipe. Apply transducers to these two marks.

5. Place a single bead of couplant, approximately 0.50 inch

[12 mm] thick, on the flat face of the transducer. See Figure 2.2. Generally, a silicone-based grease is used as an acoustic couplant, but any grease-like substance that is rated not to “flow” at the temperature that the pipe may operate at, will be acceptable.

6. Place the upstream transducer in position and secure with

a stainless steel strap. Straps should be placed in the arched groove on the end of the transducer. A screw is provided to help hold the transducer onto the strap. Verify that the transducer is true to the pipe—adjust as necessary. Tighten transducer strap securely. Larger pipes may require more than one strap to reach the circumference of the pipe.

7. Place the downstream transducer on the pipe at the

calculated transducer spacing. See Figure 2.7. Using firm hand pressure, slowly move the transducer both towards and away from the upstream transducer while observing Signal Strength. Clamp the transducer at the position where the highest Signal Strength is observed. Signal Strength of between 5 and 95 percent is acceptable. On certain pipes, a slight twist to the transducer may cause signal strength to rise to acceptable levels.

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PART 2 - TRANSDUCER POSITIONING

Figure 2.7 Z-Mode Transducer Placement

8. Certain pipe and liquid characteristics may cause Signal

Strength to rise to greater than 95%. The problem with operating an FDT-81 with very high Signal Strength is that the signals may saturate the input amplifiers and cause erratic readings. To decrease the Signal Strength one transducer can be offset radially, as illustrated in Figure 2.4, or a V-Mode mounting method may be chosen.

Mounting Track Installation

9. Secure the transducer with a stainless steel strap.

Transducer Mounting - Mounting Track

1. The transducer mounting track is used for pipes that have

outside diameters between 2 and 10 inches [50-250mm]. If the pipe is outside of that range, then select a standard V-mode or W-mode mounting method.

2. Install the mounting rail on the side of the pipe with the

stainless steel bands provided. Do not mount on the top or bottom of the pipe. Orientation on vertical pipe is not critical. Ensure that the track is parallel to the pipe and that all four mounting feet are touching the pipe.

3. Slide the two transducer clamps towards the center, 5

inch [125 mm] mark, on the mounting rail.

4. Place a single bead of couplant, approximately 0.25 inch

[6 mm] thick, on the flat face of the transducer. See Figure 2.2.

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PART 2 - TRANSDUCER POSITIONING

5. Place the first transducer in between the mounting rails

near the zero point on the mounting rail scale. Slide clamp over the transducer. Adjust the clamp/transducer so the notch in the clamp aligns with zero on the scale. See Figure 2.8.

Figure 2.8 Transducer Space Measurement

6. Secure with the thumb screw. Ensure that the screw

rests in the counter bore on the top of the transducer. (Excessive pressure is not required. Apply just enough pressure so that the couplant fills the gap between the pipe and transducer.)

Small Pipe Transducer Installation

7. Place the second transducer in between the mounting

rails near the dimension derived in the Transducer Spacing section. Read the dimension on the mounting rail scale. Slide the transducer clamp over the transducer and secure with the thumb screw.

Transducer Mounting - Small pipe

Important note for pipe sizes under 2 inches [50 mm]. If the transducer spacing that is calculated is lower than 2.65 inches [67 mm], a set of small pipe transducers are required. Please contact Omega for information regarding the small pipe transducers.

The small pipe transducers offered by Omega are designed for specific pipe outside diameters. Do not attempt to mount a small pipe transducer onto a pipe that is either too large or too small for the transducer - contact Omega to inquire about small pipe transducers that are the correct size.

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PART 2 - TRANSDUCER POSITIONING

Small pipe transducer installation consists of the following steps:

1. Apply a thin coating of silicone grease to both halves of

the transducer housing where the housing will contact the pipe. See Figure 2.9.

1/16" [1.5mm] MAGNALUBE GREASE

Figure 2.9 Application of Grease

Small PipeTransducer

2. On horizontal pipes, mount the transducer in an

orientation such that the cable exits at ±45° from the side of the pipe. Do not mount with the cable exiting on either the top or bottom of the pipe. On vertical pipes the orientation does not matter.

3. Tighten the wing nuts so that the grease begins to flow

out from the edges of the transducer and from the gap between the transducer halves. Do not over tighten.

4. If Signal Strength is less than 5%, remount the transducer

at another location on the piping system.

5. If Signal Strength is greater than 95%, contact the factory

to obtain a lower power Strategy to load into the FDT-81 flow meter.

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PART 3 - STARTUP AND CONFIGURATION

Before Starting the Instrument

Instrument Startup

Note: The FDT-81 flow meter system requires a full pipe of liquid before a successful startup can be completed.

Do not attempt to make adjustments or change configurations until a full pipe is verified.

Note: If Dow 111 silicone grease was utilized as a couplant, a curing time is not required. However, if Dow 732 or another permanent RTV was used, the adhesive must fully cure before power is applied to the instrument.

Procedure:

1. Verify that all wiring is properly connected and routed as

described previously in this manual.

2. Verify that the transducers are properly mounted as

described in Part 2 of this manual.

3. Press the ON button on the flow meter keypad. The FDT-81

display backlighting will illuminate and the software version number will appear on the display.

The display backlighting illuminates for approximately 20 seconds and automatically extinguishes to preserve battery power. To re illuminate the display, press any key on the keyboard. Adjustments to the backlighting duration can be made in the Display Menu. Refer to page 3.24 for details.

4. Confirm that Signal Strength is greater than 2%. If it is

not, verify that proper transducer mounting methods and liquid/pipe characteristics have been entered. The pipe

must be full of liquid in order to make this measurement.

5. Once the meter is properly operating (proper signal

strength has been achieved), refer to the later portions of this manual section for additional programming features.

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PART 3 - KEYPAD CONFIGURATION

General

Keypad Operation

After an installation of the transducers and connection of appropriate power supplies to the FDT-81, keypad configuration of the instrument can be undertaken. All entries are saved in non-volatile FLASH memory and will be retained in the event of power loss.

The FDT-81 can be configured through the keypad interface. The following “Soft Key” menu items will be displayed immediately above the two keys located in the lower corners of the Graphics Display. See Figure 3.1.

Graphics Display

Soft Keys

Arrow Keys

Numeric Keys

Infrared Communications Port

Display Contrast

Figure 3.1

1. The MENU key is pressed from RUN mode to enter

PROGRAM mode. The EXIT key is pressed in PROGRAM mode to exit configuration parameters and menus. If changes to any configuration parameters have been made, the user will be prompted with a SAVE? YES or NO when returning to RUN mode. If no changes have been made, the user will not be prompted to SAVE.

2. The UP/DOWN ARROW keys are used to scroll through

menus and configuration parameters. The ARROW keys can also be used to adjust parameter numerical values or to adjust the display contrast level in RUN mode.

3. The Numerical Keypad is used for entering numerical

values.

4. The ACCEPT key is used to

• accept configuration parameter changes.

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PART 3 - KEYPAD CONFIGURATION

Graphics Display Configuration

5. The SELECT key is used to

• Configure the engineering units on the graphics

display—Press the SELECT key from RUN mode to highlight the engineering unit presently being displayed on the graphics display (pressing the SELECT key multiple times will toggle the highlighted unit from line to line). Use the UP/ DOWN ARROW keys to select display units of

• N - Total (Net Totalizer)

• + - Total (Positive Totalizer)

• - - Total (Negative Totalizer)

• Rate

• Sound Speed FPS

• Sound Speed MPS

• SIGNAL STR.

• Temp 1

• Temp 2

• Temp DIFF

From Menu 8, Display Menu, the number of graphics display lines can be toggled between two and four lines.

• access the configuration parameters in the various

menus.

• initiate changes in configuration parameters.

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PART 3 - KEYPAD CONFIGURATION

Menu Structure

The eight menus used in the structure of the FDT-81 are as follows:

1. BSC MENU -- BASIC operations menu. Contains all of

the configuration parameters necessary to program the meter to measure flow.

2. OUT2 MEN -- Configures the type and operating

parameters of the 4-20mA or other ISO-MOD located internally in the FDT-81 flow meter.

3. SEN MENU -- Selects the transducer type (i.e. FDT-81-

STD, FDT-81-HTl, etc.).

4. SEC MENU -- Resets totalizers, resets the operating

system and revises security passwords.

5. SER MENU -- SERVICE MENU contains system

measurements that are used by service personnel for troubleshooting.

6. DSP MENU -- Configures meter display functions.

The following sections define the configuration parameters located in each of the menus.

UNITS Selection

The BASIC menu contains all of the configuration parameters necessary to make the FDT-81 operational.

1. BSC MENU -- BASIC MENU

UNITS ENGLSH

METRIC

Installs a global measurement standard into the operation of the instrument. The choices are either English or Metric measurements.

• Select ENGLSH if all configurations (pipe sizes, etc.)are

to be made in inches. Select METRIC if the meter is to be configured in millimeters.

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PART 3 - KEYPAD CONFIGURATION

Transducer Mount

Pipe Diameter

• The ENGLSH/METRIC selection will also configure the

FDT-81 to display sound speeds in pipe materials and liquids as either feet per second or meters per second, respectively.

NOTE: If the UNITS entry has been changed from ENGLSH to METRIC or from METRIC to ENGLSH, the entry must be saved and the instrument reset (power cycled or System Reset entered) in order for the FDT-81 to initiate the change in operating units. Failure to save and reset the instrument will lead to improper transducer spacing calculations and an instrument that may not measure properly.

XDCR MNT -- Transducer Mounting Method V

W Z

Selects the mounting orientation for the transducers. The selection of an appropriate mounting orientation is based on pipe and liquid characteristics. See PART 2 - Transducer Installation in this manual.

PIPE OD -- Pipe Outside Diameter Entry ENGLSH (Inches)

METRIC (Millimeters)

Enter the pipe outside diameter in inches if ENGLSH was selected as UNITS; in millimeters if METRIC was selected.

NOTE: Charts listing popular pipe sizes have been included in the Appendix of this manual. Correct entries for pipe P.D. and pipe wall thickness are critical to obtaining accurate flow measurement readings.

- 3.5 - FDT-81

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PART 3 - KEYPAD CONFIGURATION

Pipe Wall Thickness

Pipe Material

Pipe Sound Speed

PIPE WT -- Pipe Wall Thickness Entry ENGLSH (Inches)

METRIC (Millimeters)

Enter the pipe wall thickness in inches if ENGLSH was selected as UNITS; in millimeters if METRIC was selected.

PIPE MAT -- Pipe Material Selection CARBON S - Carbon Steel

This list is provided as an example. Additional pipe materials are being added continuously. Select the appropriate pipe material from the list or select OTHER if the material is not listed.

PIPE SS -- Speed of Sound in the Pipe Material ENGLSH (Feet per Second)

METRIC (Meters per Second)

Allows adjustments to be made to the speed of sound in the pipe wall. If the UNITS value was set to ENGLSH, the entry is in FPS (feet per second). METRIC entries are made in MPS (meters per second).

If OTHER was chosen as PIPE MAT, a PIPE SS will need to be entered.

- 3.6 - FDT-81

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PART 3 - KEYPAD CONFIGURATION

Pipe Roughness

Liner Thickness

Liner Material

PIPE R -- Pipe Material Relative Roughness UNITLESS VALUE

Linear RMS measurement of the pipe PIPE R = internal wall surface Internal Diameter of the pipe

If OTHER was chosen as PIPE MAT, a PIPE R may to be entered.

LINER T -- Pipe Liner Thickness Entry ENGLSH (Inches)

METRIC (Millimeters)

Enter the pipe liner thickness. Enter this value in inches if ENGLSH was selected as UNITS; in millimeters if METRIC was selected.

[If a LINER Thickness was selected] LINER MAT - Liner Material

TAR EPOXY RUBBER MORTAR POLYPROPYLENE POLYSTYROL POLYSTYRENE POLYESTER POLYETHYLENE EBONITE PTFE or PFA OTHER

This list is provided as an example. Additional materials are

- 3.7 - FDT-81

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PART 3 - KEYPAD CONFIGURATION

Liner Sound Speed

Fluid Type

Fluid Sound Speed

being added continuously. Select the appropriate material from the list or select OTHER if the liner material is not listed.

LINER SS -- Speed of Sound in the Liner ENGLSH (Feet per Second)

METRIC (Meters per Second)

Allows adjustments to be made to the speed of sound in the liner. If the UNITS value was set to ENGLSH, the entry is in FPS (feet per second). METRIC entries are made in MPS (meters per second).

If a liner was chosen from the LINER MAT list, a nominal value for speed of sound in that media will be automatically loaded. If the actual sound speed rate is known for the pipe liner and that value varies from the automatically loaded value, the value can be revised.

FL TYPE - Fluid/Media Type

TAP WATER SEA WATER KEROSENE GASOLINE FUEL OIL CRUDE OIL PROPANE BUTANE OTHER

This list is provided as an example. Additional liquids are being added continuously. Select the appropriate liquid from the list or select OTHER if the liquid is not listed.

FLUID SS -- Speed of Sound in the Fluid ENGLSH (Feet per Second)

METRIC (Meters per Second)

Allows adjustments to be made to the speed of sound in the liquid. If the UNITS value was set to ENGLSH, the entry is in FPS (feet per second). METRIC entries are made in MPS (meters per second).

If a fluid was chosen from the FL TYPE list, a nominal value for speed of sound in that media will be automatically loaded.

- 3.8 - FDT-81

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PART 3 - KEYPAD CONFIGURATION

Fluid Viscosity

If the actual sound speed rate is known for the application fluid and that value varies from the automatically loaded value, the value can be revised.

If OTHER was chosen as FL TYPE, a FLUID SS will need to be entered. A list of alternate fluids and their associated sound speeds are located the Appendix located at the back of this manual.

FLUID VI -- Absolute Viscosity the Fluid cps

Fluid Specific Gravity

If OTHER was chosen as FL TYPE, a FLUID VI will need to be entered. A list of alternate fluids and their associated viscosities are located in the Appendix located at the back of this manual.

SP GRVTY -- Fluid Specific Gravity Entry unitless

Allows adjustments to be made to the specific gravity (density) of the liquid. If a fluid was chosen from the FL TYPE list, a nominal value for specific gravity in that media will be automatically loaded. If the actual specific gravity is known for the application fluid and that value varies from the automatically loaded value, the value can be revised.

- 3.9 - FDT-81

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PART 3 - KEYPAD CONFIGURATION

Transducer Spacing

Engineering Units RATE

Engineering Units RATE INTERVAL

XDCR SPAC -- Transducer Spacing Calculation ENGLSH (Inches)

METRIC (Millimeters)

This value represents the one-dimensional linear measurement between the transducers (the upstream/ downstream measurement that runs parallel to the pipe). This value is in inches if ENGLSH was selected as UNITS; in millimeters if METRIC was selected. This measurement is taken from the line which is scribed into the side of the transducer block.

If the transducers are being mounted using the transducer track assembly, a measuring scale is etched into the track. Place on transducer at 0 inches and the other at the appropriate measurement.

RATE UNT - Engineering Units for Flow Rate

GALLONS - U.S. Gallons LITERS - Metric Liter MGAL - Millions of U.S. Gallons CUBIC FT - Cubic Feet CUBIC ME - Cubic Meters ACRE FT - Acre Feet OIL BARR - Oil Barrels (42 U.S. Gallons) LIQ BARR - Liquor Barrels (31.5 U.S. Gallons) FEET - Linear Feet METERS - Linear Meters

Select a desired engineering unit for flow rate measurements.

RATE INT - Time Interval for Flow Rate

MIN - Minutes HOUR - Hours DAY - Days SEC - Seconds

Select a desired engineering unit for flow rate measurements.

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PART 3 - KEYPAD CONFIGURATION

Engineering Units TOTALIZER

Engineering Units TOTAL Exponent

TOTL UNT - Engineering Units for Flow Totalizer

Select a desired engineering unit for flow accumulator (totalizer) measurements.

TOTL E - Flow Totalizer Exponent Value

E-1 to E6

Utilized for setting the flow totalizer exponent. This feature is useful for accommodating a very large accumulated flow. The exponent is a ×10n multiplier, where "n" can be from -1 (×0.1) to +6 (×1,000,000). Table 3.1 should be referenced for valid entries and their influence on the FDT-81 display.

TABLE 3.1—Totalizer Exponent Values

Exponent Display Multiplier

E-1

× 0.1

× 1 (no multiplier)

× 10

× 100

× 1,000

× 10,000

× 100,000

× 1,000,000

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PART 3 - KEYPAD CONFIGURATION

Minimum Flow Rate

Maximum Flow Rate

Low Flow Cut-off

System Damping

MIN RATE - Minimum Flow Rate Settings

Rate Unit/Rate Interval

A minimum volumetric flow rate setting is entered to establish filter software settings. Volumetric entries will be in the Engineering Rate Units and Interval selected on pages 3.10-

3.11 of this manual. For unidirectional measurements, set MIN RATE to zero. For bi-directional measurements, set to the highest negative (reverse) flow rate expected in the piping system.

MAX RATE - Maximum Flow Rate Settings

Rate Unit/Rate Interval

A maximum volumetric flow rate setting is entered to establish filter software settings. Volumetric entries will be in the Engineering Rate Units and Interval selected on pages

3.10-3.11 of this manual. For unidirectional or bi-directional measurements, set MAX RATE to the highest (positive) flow rate expected in the piping system.

FL C-OFF - Low Flow Cut-off

Percent of the range between MIN RATE and MAX RATE

A Low Flow Cut-off entry is provided to allow very low flow rates (that can be present when pumps are off and valves are closed) to be displayed as Zero flow. Typical values that should be entered are between 1.0% and 5.0% of the flow range between MIN RATE and MAX RATE.

DAMP PER - System Damping

Relative Percent Entry: 0-100%

Flow Filter Damping establishes a maximum adaptive filter value. Under the stable flow conditions (flow varies less than 10% of reading) this adaptive filter will increase the number of successive flow readings that are averaged together up to this maximum value. If flow changes outside of the 10% window, the Flow Filter adapts by decreasing and allows the meter to react faster. Increasing this value tends to provide smoother steady-state flow readings and outputs.

- 3.12 - FDT-81

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PART 3 - KEYPAD CONFIGURATION

2. OUTPUT 2 MENU

Standard

4-20mA

4-20mA Span

ISO-MOD 4-20mA

FL 4MA FL 20MA CAL 4MA

CAL 20MA 4-20 TST

Configured via jumper selections for either a passive or active transmission mode, the 4-20mA Output Module interfaces with virtually all recording and logging systems by transmitting an analog current signal that is proportional to system flow rate. Independent 4mA and 20mA span settings are established in software using the Flow Measuring Range entries. These entries can be set anywhere in the –40 to +40 FPS [-12 to +12 MPS] measuring range of the instrument. Output resolution of the module is 12-bits (4096 discrete points) and the module can drive up to 800 ohms of load with its internal 24V isolated power source.

The FL 4MA and FL 20MA entries are used to set the span of the 4-20mA analog output. These entries are volumetric rate units that are equal to the volumetric units configured as Engineering Rate Units and Engineering Units Time Interval entered on page 3.10.

For example, to span the 4-20mA output from –100 GPM to +100 GPM, with 12mA being 0 GPM, set the FL 4MA and FL 20MA inputs as follows:

FL 4MA = -100.0 FL 20MA = 100.0

For example, to span the 4-20mA output from 0 GPM to +100 GPM, with 12mA being 50 GPM, set the FL 4MA and FL 20MA inputs as follows:

FL 4MA = 0.0 FL 20MA = 100.0

- 3.13 - FDT-81

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PART 3 - KEYPAD CONFIGURATION

4-20mA Calibration

The 4-20mA ISO-MOD is factory calibrated and should not require adjustment unless it is replaced.

The CAL4MA entry allows fine adjustments to be made to the “zero” of the 4-20mA output. To adjust the 4mA output, an ammeter or reliable reference connection to the 4-20mA output must be present.

NOTE: The CAL 4MA and CAL 20MA entries should not be used in a attempt to set the 4-20mA range. Utilize FL 4MA and FL 20MA, detailed above, for this purpose.

Procedure:

1. Disconnect one side of the current loop and connect the

ammeter in series (disconnect either wire at the terminals labeled +/- on the ISO-MOD 4-20mA module).

2. Using the arrow keys, increase the numerical value to

increase the current in the loop to 4mA. Decrease the value to decrease the current in the loop to 4mA. Typical values range between 40-80 counts.

Re connect the 4-20mA output circuitry as required.

Calibration of the 20mA setting is conducted much the same way as the 4mA adjustments.

Procedure:

1. Disconnect one side of the current loop and connect the

ammeter in series (disconnect either wire at the terminals labeled +/- on the ISO-MOD 4-20mA module).

2. Using the arrow keys, increase the numerical value to

increase the current in the loop to 20mA. Decrease the value to decrease the current in the loop to 20mA. Typical values range between 3700-3900 counts.

Re connect the 4-20mA output circuitry as required.

- 3.14 - FDT-81

Page 52

PART 3 - KEYPAD CONFIGURATION

4-20mA Test

Optional Modules

Optional

Rate Pulse

Rate Pulse Span

4-20 TST - 4-20mA Output Test

4-20

Allows a simulated value to be output on from the 4-20mA output. By incrementing this value, the 4-20mA output will transmit the indicated current value.

The Series FDT-81 allows other input/output modules to be used in place of the 4-20mA output. Please contact the Omega regarding these options:

ISO-MOD RATE PULSE FL 0H

FL 25KH

The Rate Pulse Output Module is utilized to transmit information to external counters and PID systems via a frequency output that is proportional to system flow rate. Independent Zero and Span settings are established in software using the Flow Measuring Range entries. Output resolution of the module is 12-bits (4096 discrete points) and the maximum output frequency setting is 2,500Hz. The module has two output modes, turbine meter simulation and “open collector”. The turbine meter simulation sources a non

-ground referenced saw-tooth waveform with a maximum peak amplitude of approximately 500mVpp. The opencollector output utilizes a 0.21-Ohm FET output that is rated to operate at 100 V and 1 A maximum. If the open-collector output type is utilized, an external voltage source and limit resistor must be present.

The FL 0H and FL 25KH entries are used to set the span of the 0-2.5KHz frequency output. These entries are volumetric rate units that are equal to the volumetric units configured as Engineering Rate Units and Engineering Units Time Interval entered on page 3.11.

- 3.15 - FDT-81

Page 53

PART 3 - KEYPAD CONFIGURATION

In a bi-directional system, to span the 0-2.5kHz output from – 100 GPM to +100 GPM, with 1.25kHz being 0 GPM, set the FL 100H and FL 10KH inputs as follows:

FL 0H = 100.0 FL 25KH = 100.0

To span the 0-2.5 kHz output from 0 GPM to +100 GPM, with

1.25 kHz being 50 GPM, set the FL 0H and FL 25KH inputs as follows:

FL 0H = 0 FL 25KH = 100.0

Optional

Dual Relay

Batch/Totalizer Relay

ISO-MOD Dual Relay RELAY 1 AND RELAY 2

NONE TOTALIZE TOT MULT FLOW ON OFF SIG STR ERRORS

Two independent SPDT (single-pole, double-throw, Form C) relays are contained in this module. The relay operations are user configured via software to act in either a flow rate alarm, signal strength alarm, error alarm or totalizer/batching mode. The relays are rated for 200 VAC max. and a have current rating of 0.5A resistive load [175 VDC @ 0.25A resistive]. It is highly recommended that a secondary relay be utilized whenever the Control Relay ISO-MOD is used to control inductive loads such as solenoids and motors.

TOTALIZE mode configures the relay to output a 50 mSec pulse (contact changeover) each time the display totalizer increments—divided by the TOT MULT. The TOT MULT value must be a whole, positive, numerical value.

• If the Totalizer Exponent is set to E0 (x1) and the Relay

Multiplier is set to 1, then the relay will pulse each time the totalizer increments one count, or each single, whole measurement unit totalized.

- 3.16 - FDT-81

Page 54

PART 3 - KEYPAD CONFIGURATION

Flow Rate Relay

• If the Totalizer Exponent is set to E2 (x100) and the Relay

Multiplier is set to 1, then the relay will pulse each time the display totalizer increments or once per 100 measurement units totalized.

• If the Totalizer Exponent is set to E0 (x1) and the Relay

Multiplier is set to 2, the relay will pulse once for every two counts that the totalizer increments.

Flow rate relay configuration permits relay changeover at two separate flow rates, allowing operation with an adjustable switch deadband. Figure 3.2 illustrates how the setting of the two set points influences Rate Alarm operation.

A single-point flow rate alarm would place the ON> setting slightly higher than the OFF< setting -allowing a switch deadband to be established. If a deadband is not established, switch chatter (rapid switching) may result when flow rate is too close to the switch point.

Minimum flow Maximum flow

Signal Strength Alarm

Relay ON

Set OFF <

Relay OFF

Deadband

Set ON >

Figure 3.2

Single Point Alarm Operation

The SIG STR alarm will provide an indication that the flow meter signals between the transducers have fallen to a point where flow measurements may not be possible. It can also be used to indicate the pipe has emptied. Like the Flow Rate alarm described previously, the Signal Strength alarm requires that two points be entered, establishing an alarm deadband. A valid switch point exists when the ON> is a value lower than OFF<. If a deadband is not established and the signal strength decreases to approximately the value of the switch point, the relay may chatter.

- 3.17 - FDT-81

Page 55

PART 3 - KEYPAD CONFIGURATION

Error Alarm Relay

Optional

RS232C Module

Optional

RS-485 Module

If a relay is set to ERROR mode, the relay will activate when errors occur in the flow meter that has caused the meter to stop measuring reliably. See Appendix for a list of potential error codes.

ISO-MOD RS-232C

RS232 MO — MODE HOST UIF RS232 BA — BAUD RATE 1200 2400 9600 19200

The RS232 Module can be interfaced with serial communication ports of PCs, PLCs and SCADA systems. The module runs a proprietary digital protocol, detailed in the Appendix, that is used to monitor flow rate information in piping systems.

ISO-MOD RS-485

RS485 MO — MODE SLAVE MASTER RS485 BA — BAUD RATE 1200 2400 9600 19200 ADDRESS — Device Address 1-127

The RS485 Module allows up to 126 FDT-81 systems to be daisy-chained on a single three-wire cable network. Communications are via a proprietary digital protocol, detailed in the Appendix. All meters are assigned a unique one byte serial number that allows all of the meters on the cable network to be accessed independently. Baud rates up to 19.2K and cable lengths to 5,000 feet [1,500 meters] are supported without the need for repeaters.

- 3.18 - FDT-81

Page 56

PART 3 - KEYPAD CONFIGURATION

RS485 MO

Select SLAVE for all of the FDT-81 meters.

RS485 BA

Select a Baud rate that is compatible with the operating system.

ADDRESS

Each FDT-81 connected on the communications bus must have a unique address number assigned. Address 127 is a universal address that will result in all FDT-81 instruments on the network responding simultaneously—regardless of address—resulting in CRC errors. Only select address location 127 if one meter is on the network.

3. SEN MENU -- SENSOR MENU

Totalizer RESET

System RESET

The SEN MENU is utilized to select the type of transducer that will be interfaced with the FDT-81 meter. Select the appropriate transducer from the list and save the configuration. If the transducer selection is modified, a system reset is required.

4. SEC MENU -- SECURITY MENU

SEC MENU allows users to make password revisions, reset flow totalizer and reset transmitter microprocessor.

TOT RES

NO YES

Select YES to reset flow totalizer/accumulator to Zero.

SYS RSET

NO YES

Select YES to initiate a microprocessor reset. All configurations and totalizer values will be maintained.

- 3.19 - FDT-81

Page 57

PART 3 - KEYPAD CONFIGURATION

Change Password

Liquid Sound Speed

CH PSWD? -- Change the Security Password

0-9999

By changing the Security Password from 0 to another value (between 1-9999), configuration parameters will not be accessible without first entering that value when prompted. If the value is left at 0, no security is invoked and unauthorized changes could be made.

5. SER MENU -- SERVICE MENU

The SERVICE Menu makes available two different system measurements that are used for trouble-shooting and fine tuning of the instrument. Actual liquid sound speed and system signal strength readings can be accessed through this menu.

The SERVICE Menu also has features that allow adjustment of Signal Strength Cutoff, Error-Mode outputs, Zero Flow Rate Set and entry of a universal correction factor.

SSPD MPS - Sound Speed in the Liquid Metric SSPD FPS - Sound Speed in the Liquid U.S.

The FDT-81 performs an actual speed of sound calculation for the liquid it measures. This calculation will vary with temperature, pressure and fluid composition. The value indicated should be within 2% of the value entered/indicated in the BASIC menu item FLUID SS. The value cannot be modified. If the actual measured value is significantly different than the BASIC MENU’s FLUID SS value, it typically indicates a problem with the instrument setup. Any entry such as PIPE OD or wall thickness may be in error, the pipe may not be round, or the transducer spacing is not correct. Table

3.3 on page 3.21 lists sound speed values for water at varying temperatures. If the FDT-81 is measuring sound speed within 2% of the table values, then the installation and setup of the instrument is correct and accurate readings may be assured.

- 3.20 - FDT-81

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PART 3 - KEYPAD CONFIGURATION

Table 3.3 Sound Speed in Liquid water vs. Temperature

Deg. C Deg. F Vs (m/s) Vs (f/s)

0 32 1402 4600 10 50 1447 4747 20 68 1482 4862 30 86 1509 4951 40 104 1529 5016 50 122 1543 5062 60 140 1551 5089 70 158 1555 5102 80 176 1554 5098 90 194 1550 5085

100 212 1543 5062 110 230 1532 5026 120 248 1519 4984 130 266 1503 4931 140 284 1485 4872

150 302 1466 4810 160 320 1440 4724 170 338 1412 4633 180 356 1390 4560 190 374 1360 4462 200 392 1333 4373 220 428 1268 4160 240 464 1192 3911 260 500 1110 3642

Signal Strength

Signal Strength Cutoff

SIG STR - Signal Strength

The measurement of Signal Strength assists service personnel in troubleshooting the FDT-81 system. In general, expect the signal strength readings to be greater than 4% on a full pipe with the transducers properly mounted. Signal strength readings that are less than 4% may indicate a need to chose an alternative mounting method for the transducers, or that an improper pipe size has been entered.

Signal Strength readings in excess of 95% may indicate that a mounting method with a longer path length may be required. For example, if transducers mounted on a 3 inch PVC pipe in V-mode causes the measured Signal Strength value to exceed 95%, change the mounting method to Wmode for greater stability in readings.

Signal Strength Cutoff SIG C-OF is used to drive the flow meter and its outputs to the SUB FLOW (Substitute Flow– described below) state if conditions occur that cause low signal strength. A signal strength indication of between 0.5 and 0.8 is inadequate for measuring flow reliably, so

- 3.21 - FDT-81

Page 59

PART 3 - KEYPAD CONFIGURATION

Substitute Flow Entry

minimum settings for SIG C-OF are in the range of 1.0 to 2.0. A good practice is to set the SIG C-OF at approximately 6070% of actual measured signal strength (described above).

If the measured signal strength is lower than the SIG C-OF setting, an ERROR 0010 will be displayed on the FDT-81 display until the measured signal strength becomes greater than the cutoff value.

Substitute Flow or SUB FLOW is a value that the analog outputs and the flow rate display will indicate when an error condition in the flow meter occurs. The typical setting for this entry is a value that will make the instrument display zero flow during an error condition.

Table 3.4 below lists some typical settings to achieve “Zero” with respect to MIN and MAX FLOW settings.

MIN RATE SETTING

MAX RATE

SETTING

SUB FLOW

SETTING

DISPLAY

READING DURING

ERRORS

0.0 1,000.0 0.0 0.000

-500.0 500.00 50.0 0.000

-100.0 200.0 33.3 0.000

0.0 1,000.0 -5.0 -50.00

TABLE 3.4—Substitute Flow Entry

- 3.22 - FDT-81

Page 60

PART 3 - KEYPAD CONFIGURATION

Setting/Calibrating Zero Flow

Factory Default Zero Calibration

Correction Factor

Because every flow meter installation is slightly different and sound waves can travel in slightly different ways through these various installations, a provision is made in this entry to establish “Zero” flow—SET ZERO.

To zero the meter:

1. The pipe must be full of liquid.

2. Flow must be absolute zero—securely close any valves and allow time for any settling to occur.

3. Press ENTER, use the arrow keys to make the display read YES.

4. Press ENTER.

5. The procedure is complete.

If the flow in a piping system cannot be shut off, allowing the SET ZERO procedure described above to be performed, then the factory default zero should be utilized. To utilize the DFLT 0 function, simply press ENTER, then press an ARROW key to display YES on the display and then press ENTER. This function can also be utilized to correct an inadvertently entered or erroneous SET ZERO entry.

This function can be used to make the FDT-81 system agree with a different or reference flow meter, by applying a correction factor/multiplier to the readings and outputs. A factory calibrated system should be set to 1.000. The range of settings for this entry is 0.500 to 1.500. The following examples describe two uses for the COR FTR entry.

• The FDT-81 meter is indicating a flow rate that is 4%

higher than another flow meter located in the same pipe line. To make the FDT-81 indicate the same flow rate as the other meter, enter a COR FTR of 0.960, to lower the readings by 4%.

• An out-of-round pipe, carrying water, causes the FDT-81

to indicate a measured sound speed that is 7.4% lower than the TABLE 3.3 value. This pipe condition will cause the flow meter to indicate flow rates that are 7.4% lower than actual flow. To correct the flow readings, enter 1.074.

- 3.23 - FDT-81

Page 61

PART 3 - KEYPAD CONFIGURATION

6. DSP MENU -- DISPLAY MENU

Graphics Display Mode

Display Units

Allows the selection of a two line or four line display format on the graphics display module.

In 2 Line mode, the display will display flow measurements with larger characters on the top half of the window and smaller standard sized characters on the lower half of the window. In 4 Line mode, the display will display flow measurements with standard sized characters on four lines in the window.

DISPLAY UNITS SELECTION

The (soft)SELECT key is used to conifgure the engineering units on the graphics display—Press the (soft)SELECT key from RUN mode to highlight the engineering unit presently being displayed on the graphics display (pressing the SELECT key multiple times will toggle the highlighted unit from line to line). Use the UP/DOWN ARROW keys to select display units of

• RATE

• TOTALizer

• VELocity

• SIGNAL STRength

Back Light Timeout

- 3.24 - FDT-81

The LED backlighting on the FDT-81 is used to assist the operator in viewing the display in poorly lit areas—the backlighting, when activated, doubles the power consumption of the flow meter. If left on continuously, the charge in the battery will be depleted much more rapidly than if the backlighting is only activated for short periods of time. If the instrument is being operated while powered from an external power source, the back light may be left on permanently.

Adjust the Back Light Timeout to approximate the amount of seconds that the backlighting should remain active. The time out can be set anywhere between 10 and 30,000 seconds. If continuous backlighting is desired, set the Back Light Timeout to 0 seconds.

Page 62

Page 63

A P P E N D I X

Page 64

FDT Error Codes

Code Number Description Correction

Warnings

0001

0010

0011

0020

Class C Errors

1001

1002

Class B Errors

Serial number not present Hardware serial number has become inoperative – system

performance will not be influenced.

Signal Strength is below Signal Strength Cutoff entry

Measured Speed of Sound the in the liquid is greater than 10% different than the value entered during meter setup

Heat Flow Units of measure have been selected and an RTD module has not been installed

System tables have changed Initiate a meter RESET by cycling power or by selecting SYSTEM

System configuration has changed Initiate a meter RESET by cycling power or by selecting SYSTEM

Low signal strength is typically caused by one of the following:

• Empty pipe

• Improper programming/incorrect values

• Improper transducer spacing

• Non-homogeneous pipe wall

Verify that the correct liquid was selected in the BASIC menu. Verify that pipe size parameters are correct.

Verify that the RTD Module has been installed in one of the I/O meter slots. Verify that OUTPUT1 or OUTPUT 2 has been configured for RTD measurements.

RESET in the SEC MENU.

3001

3002

3003

3004

3005

3006

3007

3010

3011

Class A Errors

4001

Invalid hardware configuration Upload corrected file

Invalid system configuration Upload corrected file

Invalid strategy file Upload corrected file

Invalid calibration data Recalibrate the system

Invalid speed of sound calibration data Upload new data

Bad system tables Upload new table data

Data Logger is off or not present If logger is not present, configure I/O port for no logger.

One or more channels are not responding (Multi-channel meters only)

All channels are not responding (Multichannel meters only)

Flash memory full Return unit to factory for evaluation

Display indicates which secondary units are not communicating with Master meter. Verify wiring, configuration and address of secondary instrument.

Verify wiring, configuration and address of secondary instruments.

Page 65

Fluid Properties

Fluid Specific Gravity Sound Speed delta-v/degree C Kinematic Viscosity Absolute Viscosity

20 degrees C m/s ft/s m/s/degree C Centistokes Centipoise

Acetate, Butyl 1270 4163.9 Acetate, Ethyl 0.901 1085 3559.7 4.4 0.489 0.441 Acetate, Methyl 0.934 1211 3973.1 0.407 0.380 Acetate, Propyl 1280 4196.7 Acetone 0.79 1174 3851.7 4.5 0.399 0.316 Alcohol 0.79 1207 3960.0 4.0 1.396 1.101 Alcohol, Butyl 0.83 1270 4163.9 3.3 3.239 2.688 Alcohol, Ethyl 0.83 1180 3868.9 4 1.396 1.159 Alcohol, Methyl 0.791 1120 3672.1 2.92 0.695 0.550 Alcohol, Propyl 1170 3836.1 Alcohol, Propyl 0.78 1222 4009.2 2.549 1.988 Ammonia 0.77 1729 5672.6 6.7 0.292 0.225 Anlline 1.02 1639 5377.3 4.0 3.630 3.710 Benzene 0.88 1306 4284.8 4.7 0.711 0.625 Benzol, Ethyl 0.867 1338 4389.8 0.797 0.691 Bromine 2.93 889 2916.7 3.0 0.323 0.946 n-Butane 0.60 1085 3559.7 5.8 Butyrate, Ethyl 1170 3836.1 Carbon dioxide 1.10 839 2752.6 7.7 0.137 0.151 Carbon tetrachloride 1.60 926 3038.1 2.5 0.607 0.968 Chloro-benezene 1.11 1273 4176.5 3.6 0.722 0.799 Chloroform 1.49 979 3211.9 3.4 0.550 0.819 Diethyl ether 0.71 985 3231.6 4.9 0.311 0.222 Diethyl Ketone 1310 4295.1 Diethylene glycol 1.12 1586 5203.4 2.4 Ethanol 0.79 1207 3960.0 4.0 1.390 1.097 Ethyl alcohol 0.79 1207 3960.0 4.0 1.396 1.101 Ether 0.71 985 3231.6 4.9 0.311 0.222 Ethyl ether 0.71 985 3231.6 4.9 0.311 0.222 Ethylene glycol 1.11 1658 5439.6 2.1 17.208 19.153 Freon R12 774.2 2540 Gasoline 0.7 1250 4098.4 Glycerin 1.26 1904 6246.7 2.2 757.100 953.946 Glycol 1.11 1658 5439.6 2.1 Isobutanol 0.81 1212 3976.4 Iso-Butane 1219.8 4002 Isopentane 0.62 980 3215.2 4.8 0.340 0.211 Isopropanol 0.79 1170 3838.6 2.718 2.134 Isopropyl alcohol 0.79 1170 3838.6 2.718 2.134 Kerosene 0.81 1324 4343.8 3.6 Linalool 1400 4590.2 Linseed Oil .925-.939 1770 5803.3 Methanol 0.79 1076 3530.2 2.92 0.695 0.550 Methyl alcohol 0.79 1076 3530.2 2.92 0.695 0.550 Methylene chloride 1.33 1070 3510.5 3.94 0.310 0.411 Methylethyl Ketone 1210 3967.2 Motor Oil (SAE 20/30) .88-.935 1487 4875.4 Octane 0.70 1172 3845.1 4.14 0.730 0.513 Oil, Castor 0.97 1477 4845.8 3.6 0.670 0.649 Oil, Diesel 0.80 1250 4101 Oil (Lubricating X200) 1530 5019.9 Oil (Olive) 0.91 1431 4694.9 2.75 100.000 91.200

Page 66

Oil (Peanut) 0.94 1458 4783.5 Paraffin Oil 1420 4655.7 Pentane 0.626 1020 3346.5 0.363 0.227 Petroleum 0.876 1290 4229.5 1-Propanol 0.78 1222 4009.2 Refrigerant 11 1.49 828.3 2717.5 3.56 Refrigerant 12 1.52 774.1 2539.7 4.24 Refrigerant 14 1.75 875.24 2871.5 6.61 Refrigerant 21 1.43 891 2923.2 3.97 Refrigerant 22 1.49 893.9 2932.7 4.79 Refrigerant 113 1.56 783.7 2571.2 3.44 Refrigerant 114 1.46 665.3 2182.7 3.73 Refrigerant 115 656.4 2153.5 4.42 Refrigerant C318 1.62 574 1883.2 3.88 Silicone (30 cp) 0.99 990 3248 30.000 29.790 Toluene 0.87 1328 4357 4.27 0.644 0.558 Transformer Oil 1390 4557.4 Trichlorethylene 1050 3442.6 1,1,1-Trichloro-ethane 1.33 985 3231.6 0.902 1.200 Turpentine 0.88 1255 4117.5 1.400 1.232 Water, distilled 0.996 1498 4914.7 -2.4 1.000 0.996 Water, heavy 1 1400 4593 Water, sea 1.025 1531 5023 -2.4 1.000 1.025 Wood Alcohol 0.791 1076 3530.2 2.92 0.695 0.550 m-Xylene 0.868 1343 4406.2 0.749 0.650 o-Xylene 0.897 1331.5 4368.4 4.1 0.903 0.810 p-Xylene 1334 4376.8 0.662

Page 67

Digital Communications Protocol for FDT Flow Meters

Host protocol

A digital communications protocol is utilized. Each message is guarded with the standard CRC-16 error detection (C source code is included)

The host protocol is a master-slave type protocol with the flow meter being the slave. The messages have the following format:

A unit may be assigned an address that responds to (valid addresses are 1-7E). All devices respond to address 7F (ie. this address may not be used for multidrop) and all devices listen to address 0 but do not respond (this is the “broadcast” address).

The following special commands are defined:

Command Description

65 Special “short” commands 66 Special “long” commands

Command 65 allows up to 255 data items to be transferred while command 66 allows up to 65535 items (The actual maximum size is limited by the memory allocated for the communication buffers and for TOF it is 2048 bytes). There is special encoding for the data for commands 65 and 66 as follows:

Command 65:

<size><code><data

Command 66:

<size_h><size_l><code><data

The target device will respond the same for both 65 and 66 commands. The host program needs to make sure that the proper opcode will be used based on the data size requested.

In case of an error, the target will reject the message by replying with an error code. The target will not reply to an ill-formed command (ie. incomplete or CRC-16 error). The error reply is:

<addr><opcode><errorcode><crc-16> where: <opcode> is the requested opcode with the Most Significant bit turned on.

The following error codes are defined:

Error Code Description

1 Bad Command (Invalid command)

2 Bad Command Data 71h Command not allowed. 72h Buffer overflow (data exceeded internal allocated memory) 73h Command not implemented in this version

>…<data

> N = <size>

N-1

>…<data

> N = <size_h>*256 + <size_l>

N-1

Page 68

Special codes

The following special 65 and 66 codes are supported.

Code Description

00 Echo (for comm debugging) 0A Read run time data (signal strength, flow rate and totalizers) 0B Reset Totalizers

Code 00 – Echo

Command: <addr>65<size>00<data1>…<datan><crc-16> Reply: <addr>65<size>00<data

>…<datan><crc-16>

Code 0A – Read Flow data

Command: <addr>65010A<crc-16> Reply: <addr>65210A<data

The data section of the reply contains the byte stream representation of the flow data as follows (all numbers use the Intel format – ie. Least significant byte first):

Byte Type Description 0-1 2 byte integer Signal Strength (0-1000) 2-9 8 byte floating point Current flow rate in the units programmed 10-17 8 byte floating point Net Totalizer in the units programmed 18-25 8 byte floating point Positive Totalizer 26-33 8 byte floating point Negative Totalizer

>…<datan><crc-16>

Code 0A Extension 1 - Read Extra Flow data

Command: <addr>65020A01<crc-16> Reply: <addr>65220A01<data

>…<datan><crc-16>

The data section of the reply contains the byte stream representation of the flow data as follows (all numbers use the Intel format – ie. Least significant byte first):

Code 0B – Reset Totalizers

Command: <addr>65010B<crc-16> Reply: <addr>65010B<crc-16>

Page 69

C Source Code

Flow Data Definition

struct FLOWDATA { short sSignalStrength; double dCurFlowRate; double dNetTotalizer; double dPositiveTotalizer; double dNegativeTotalizer; }; struct FLOWDATA_EX { short sSignalStrength; double dCurFlowRate; double dNetTotalizer; double dPositiveTotalizer; double dNegativeTotalizer; double dTemp1; double dTemp2; };

CRC-16 Calculations

unsigned short crc_table[256] = { 0x0000, 0xC0C1, 0xC181, 0x0140, 0xC301, 0x03C0, 0x0280, 0xC241, 0xC601, 0x06C0, 0x0780, 0xC741, 0x0500, 0xC5C1, 0xC481, 0x0440, 0xCC01, 0x0CC0, 0x0D80, 0xCD41, 0x0F00, 0xCFC1, 0xCE81, 0x0E40, 0x0A00, 0xCAC1, 0xCB81, 0x0B40, 0xC901, 0x09C0, 0x0880, 0xC841, 0xD801, 0x18C0, 0x1980, 0xD941, 0x1B00, 0xDBC1, 0xDA81, 0x1A40, 0x1E00, 0xDEC1, 0xDF81, 0x1F40, 0xDD01, 0x1DC0, 0x1C80, 0xDC41, 0x1400, 0xD4C1, 0xD581, 0x1540, 0xD701, 0x17C0, 0x1680, 0xD641, 0xD201, 0x12C0, 0x1380, 0xD341, 0x1100, 0xD1C1, 0xD081, 0x1040, 0xF001, 0x30C0, 0x3180, 0xF141, 0x3300, 0xF3C1, 0xF281, 0x3240, 0x3600, 0xF6C1, 0xF781, 0x3740, 0xF501, 0x35C0, 0x3480, 0xF441, 0x3C00, 0xFCC1, 0xFD81, 0x3D40, 0xFF01, 0x3FC0, 0x3E80, 0xFE41, 0xFA01, 0x3AC0, 0x3B80, 0xFB41, 0x3900, 0xF9C1, 0xF881, 0x3840, 0x2800, 0xE8C1, 0xE981, 0x2940, 0xEB01, 0x2BC0, 0x2A80, 0xEA41, 0xEE01, 0x2EC0, 0x2F80, 0xEF41, 0x2D00, 0xEDC1, 0xEC81, 0x2C40, 0xE401, 0x24C0, 0x2580, 0xE541, 0x2700, 0xE7C1, 0xE681, 0x2640, 0x2200, 0xE2C1, 0xE381, 0x2340, 0xE101, 0x21C0, 0x2080, 0xE041, 0xA001, 0x60C0, 0x6180, 0xA141, 0x6300, 0xA3C1, 0xA281, 0x6240, 0x6600, 0xA6C1, 0xA781, 0x6740, 0xA501, 0x65C0, 0x6480, 0xA441, 0x6C00, 0xACC1, 0xAD81, 0x6D40, 0xAF01, 0x6FC0, 0x6E80, 0xAE41, 0xAA01, 0x6AC0, 0x6B80, 0xAB41, 0x6900, 0xA9C1, 0xA881, 0x6840, 0x7800, 0xB8C1, 0xB981, 0x7940, 0xBB01, 0x7BC0, 0x7A80, 0xBA41, 0xBE01, 0x7EC0, 0x7F80, 0xBF41, 0x7D00, 0xBDC1, 0xBC81, 0x7C40, 0xB401, 0x74C0, 0x7580, 0xB541, 0x7700, 0xB7C1, 0xB681, 0x7640, 0x7200, 0xB2C1, 0xB381, 0x7340, 0xB101, 0x71C0, 0x7080, 0xB041, 0x5000, 0x90C1, 0x9181, 0x5140, 0x9301, 0x53C0, 0x5280, 0x9241, 0x9601, 0x56C0, 0x5780, 0x9741, 0x5500, 0x95C1, 0x9481, 0x5440, 0x9C01, 0x5CC0, 0x5D80, 0x9D41, 0x5F00, 0x9FC1, 0x9E81, 0x5E40, 0x5A00, 0x9AC1, 0x9B81, 0x5B40, 0x9901, 0x59C0, 0x5880, 0x9841, 0x8801, 0x48C0, 0x4980, 0x8941, 0x4B00, 0x8BC1, 0x8A81, 0x4A40, 0x4E00, 0x8EC1, 0x8F81, 0x4F40, 0x8D01, 0x4DC0, 0x4C80, 0x8C41,

Page 70

0x4400, 0x84C1, 0x8581, 0x4540, 0x8701, 0x47C0, 0x4680, 0x8641, 0x8201, 0x42C0, 0x4380, 0x8341, 0x4100, 0x81C1, 0x8081, 0x4040, };

unsigned short calculate_crc(const unsigned char *pv, int size) { unsigned short crc = 0xFFFF;

for ( ;size-- ; pv++) { crc = (crc >> 8) ^ crc_table[(crc ^ *pv) & 0xFF]; }

return crc; }

Page 71

Cast Iron Pipe

Standard Classes

CLASS B CLASS C CLASS D CLASS E CLASS F

Size

(Inches)

10 11.10 10.10 0.50 11.10 9.96 0.57 11.40 10.16 0.62 11.40 10.04 0.68 11.60 10.12 0.74 11.60 10.00 0.80 11.84 10.12 0.86 11.84 10.00 0.92

12 13.20 12.12 0.54 13.20 11.96 0.62 13.50 12.14 0.68 13.50 12.00 0.75 13.78 12.14 0.82 13.78 12.00 0.89 14.08 12.14 0.97 14.08 12.00 1.04 14 15.30 14.16 0.57 15.30 13.98 0.66 15.65 14.17 0.74 15.65 14.01 0.82 15.98 14.18 0.90 15.98 14.00 0.99 16.32 14.18 1.07 16.32 14.00 1.16 16 17.40 16.20 0.60 17.40 16.00 0.70 17.80 16.20 0.80 17.80 16.02 0.89 18.16 16.20 0.98 18.16 16.00 1.08 18.54 16.18 1.18 18.54 16.00 1.27 18 19.50 18.22 0.64 19.50 18.00 0.75 19.92 18.18 0.87 19.92 18.00 0.96 20.34 18.20 1.07 20.34 18.00 1.17 20.78 18.22 1.28 20.78 18.00 1.39 20 21.60 20.26 0.67 21.60 20.00 0.80 22.06 20.22 0.92 22.06 20.00 1.03 22.54 20.24 1.15 22.54 20.00 1.27 23.02 20.24 1.39 23.02 20.00 1.51

24 25.80 24.28 0.76 25.80 24.02 0.89 26.32 24.22 1.05 26.32 24.00 1.16 26.90 24.28 1.31 26.90 24.00 1.45 27.76 24.26 1.75 27.76 24.00 1.88 30 31.74 29.98 0.88 32.00 29.94 1.03 32.40 30.00 1.20 32.74 30.00 1.37 33.10 30.00 1.55 33.46 30.00 1.73 36 37.96 35.98 0.99 38.30 36.00 1.15 38.70 35.98 1.36 39.16 36.00 1.58 39.60 36.00 1.80 40.04 36.00 2.02 42 44.20 42.00 1.10 44.50 41.94 1.28 45.10 42.02 1.54 45.58 42.02 1.78 48 50.50 47.98 1.26 50.80 47.96 1.42 51.40 47.98 1.71 51.98 48.00 1.99

O.D. Inch

3 3.80 3.02 0.39 3.96 3.12 0.42 3.96 3.06 0.45 3.96 3.00 0.48 4 4.80 3.96 0.42 5.00 4.10 0.45 5.00 4.04 0.48 5.00 3.96 0.52 6 6.90 6.02 0.44 7.10 6.14 0.48 7.10 6.08 0.51 7.10 6.00 0.55 7.22 6.06 0.58 7.22 6.00 0.61 7.38 6.08 0.65 7.38 6.00 0.69 8 9.05 8.13 0.46 9.05 8.03 0.51 9.30 8.18 0.56 9.30 8.10 0.60 9.42 8.10 0.66 9.42 8.10 0.66 9.60 8.10 0.75 9.60 8.00 0.8

I.D.

Inch

Wall

O.D.

Inch

I.D.

Inch

Wall

O.D.

Inch

I.D.

Inch

Wall

O.D.

Inch

I.D.

Inch

Wall

O.D.

Inch

I.D.

Inch

Wall

O.D.

Inch

I.D.

Inch

Wall

CLASS G CLASS HCLASS A

O.D.

Inch

I.D.

Inch

Wall

O.D.

Inch

I.D.

Inch

Wall

54 56.66 53.96 1.35 57.10 54.00 1.55 57.80 54.00 1.90 58.40 53.94 2.23 60 62.80 60.02 1.39 63.40 60.06 1.67 64.20 60.20 2.00 64.82 60.06 2.38 72 75.34 72.10 1.62 76.00 72.10 1.95 76.88 72.10 2.39 84 87.54 84.10 1.72 88.54 84.10 2.22

Page 72

Ductile Iron Pipe

Standard Classes

Cement Lining

Pipe Size

(inches)

3 3.96 3.46 0.25 3.40 0.28 3.34 0.31 3.28 0.34 3.22 0.37 3.14 0.41 4 4.80 4.28 0.26 4.22 0.29 4.16 0.32 4.10 0.35 4.04 0.38 3.93 0.44 6 6.90 6.40 0.25 6.34 0.28 6.28 0.31 6.22 0.34 6.16 0.37 6.10 0.40 6.04 0.43 .123/.250

8 9.05 8.51 0.27 8.45 0.30 8.39 0.33 8.33 0.36 8.27 0.39 8.21 0.42 8.15 0.45 10 11.10 10.32 0.39 10.46 0.32 10.40 0.35 10.34 0.38 10.28 0.41 10.22 0.44 10.16 0.47 12 13.20 12.58 0.31 12.52 0.34 12.46 0.37 12.40 0.40 12.34 0.43 12.28 0.46 12.22 0.49

14 15.30 14.64 0.33 14.58 0.36 14.52 0.39 14.46 0.42 14.40 0.45 14.34 0.48 14.28 0.51 16 17.40 16.72 0.34 16.66 0.37 16.60 0.40 16.54 0.43 16.48 0.46 16.42 0.49 16.36 0.52 18 19.50 18.80 0.35 18.74 0.38 18.68 0.41 18.62 0.44 18.56 0.47 18.50 0.50 18.44 0.53 .1875/.375

Outside

Diameter

(inches)

Class 54 Class 55 Class 56Class 50 Class 51 Class 52 Class 53

ID Wall ID Wall ID Wall ID Wall ID Wall ID Wall ID Wall

Std./Double

Thickness

20 21.60 20.88 0.36 20.82 0.39 20.76 0.42 20.70 0.45 20.64 0.48 20.58 0.51 20.52 0.54 24 25.80 25.04 0.38 24.98 0.41 24.92 0.44 24.86 0.47 24.80 0.50 24.74 0.53 24.68 0.56

30 32.00 31.22 0.39 31.14 0.43 31.06 0.47 30.98 0.51 30.90 0.55 30.82 0.59 30.74 0.63 36 38.30 37.44 0.43 37.34 0.48 37.06 0.62 37.14 0.58 37.40 0.45 36.94 0.68 36.84 0.73 42 44.50 43.56 0.47 43.44 0.53 43.32 0.59 43.20 0.65 43.08 0.71 42.96 0.77 42.84 0.83 .250/.500 48 50.80 49.78 0.51 49.64 0.58 49.50 0.65 49.36 0.72 49.22 0.79 49.08 0.86 48.94 0.93 54 57.10 55.96 0.57 55.80 0.65 55.64 0.73 55.48 0.81 55.32 0.89 55.16 0.97 55.00 1.05

Page 73

Steel, Stainless Steel, P.V.C.

Standard Schedules

Nominal

Pipe Size

Inches

OUTSIDE

DIAMETER

1 1.315 1.185 0.065 1.097 0.109 1.049 1.049 0.133 0.957 0.179 0.957 0.179 0.815 0.250

1.25 1.660 1.530 0.065 1.442 0.109 1.380 1.380 0.140 1.278 0.191 1.278 0.191 1.160 0.250

1.5 1.900 1.770 0.065 1.682 0.109 1.610 1.610 0.145 1.500 0.200 1.500 0.200 1.338 0.281 2 2.375 2.245 0.065 2.157 0.109 2.067 2.067 0.154 1.939 0.218 1.939 0.218 1.687 0.344

2.5 2.875 2.709 0.083 2.635 0.120 2.469 2.469 0.203 2.323 0.276 2.323 0.276 2.125 0.375 3 3.500 3.334 0.083 3.260 0.120 3.068 3.068 0.216 2.900 0.300 2.900 0.300 2.624 0.438

3.5 4.000 3.834 0.083 3.760 0.120 3.548 3.548 0.226 3.364 0.318 3.364 0.318 4 4.500 4.334 0.083 4.260 0.120 4.026 0.237 4.026 0.237 3.826 0.337 3.826 0.337 3.624 0.438 3.624 0.438 3.438 0.531 5 5.563 5.345 0.109 5.295 0.134 5.047 0.258 5.047 0.258 4.813 0.375 4.813 0.375 4.563 0.500 4.563 0.500 4.313 0.625 6 6.625 6.407 0.109 6.357 0.134 6.065 0.280 6.065 0.280 5.761 0.432 5.761 0.432 5.501 0.562 5.501 0.562 5.187 0.719 8 8.625 8.407 0.109 8.329 0.148 8.125 0.250 8.071 0.277 7.981 0.322 7.981 0.322 7.813 0.406 7.625 0.500 7.625 0.500 7.437 0.594 7.187 0.719 7.187 0.719 6.183 1.221

10 10.750 10.482 0.134 10.42 0.165 10.25 0.250 10.13 0.310 10.02 0.365 10.020 0.365 9.750 0.500 9.750 0.500 9.562 0.594 9.312 0.719 9.062 0.844 9.062 0.844 8.500 1.125

12 12.750 12.420 0.165 12.39 0.180 12.25 0.250 12.09 0.330 12.00 0.375 11.938 0.406 11.626 0.562 11.750 0.500 11.370 0.690 11.060 0.845 10.750 1.000 10.750 1.000 10.120 1.315 14 14.000 13.50 0.250 13.37 0.315 13.25 0.375 13.25 0.375 13.124 0.438 12.814 0.593 13.000 0.500 12.500 0.750 12.310 0.845 11.810 1.095 11.810 1.095 11.180 1.410 16 16.000 15.50 0.250 15.37 0.315 15.25 0.375 15.25 0.375 15.000 0.500 14.688 0.656 15.000 0.500 14.310 0.845 13.930 1.035 13.560 1.220 13.560 1.220 12.810 1.595 18 18.000 17.50 0.250 17.37 0.315 17.12 0.440 17.25 0.375 16.876 0.562 16.564 0.718 17.000 0.500 16.120 0.940 15.680 1.160 15.250 1.375 15.250 1.375 14.430 1.785 20 20.000 19.50 0.250 19.25 0.375 19.25 0.375 19.25 0.375 18.814 0.593 18.376 0.812 19.000 0.500 17.930 1.035 17.430 1.285 17.000 1.500 17.000 1.500 16.060 1.970 24 24.000 23.50 0.250 23.25 0.375 23.25 0.375 23.25 0.375 22.626 0.687 22.126 0.937 23.000 0.500 21.560 1.220 20.930 1.535 20.930 1.535 20.930 1.535 19.310 2.345

30 30.000 29.37 0.315 29.00 0.500 29.00 0.500 29.25 0.375 29.250 0.375 29.000 0.500 36 36.000 35.37 0.315 35.00 0.500 35.00 0.500 35.25 0.375 35.250 0.375 35.000 0.500 42 42.000 41.25 0.375 41.250 0.375 41.000 0.500 48 48.000 47.25 0.375 47.250 0.375 47.000 0.500

SCH.

ID Wall ID Wall ID Wall ID Wall ID Wall ID Wall ID Wall ID Wall ID Wall ID Wall ID Wall ID Wall ID Wall

SCH. 10

(LTWALL)

SCH. 20 SCH. 30 STD. SCH. 40 SCH. 60

X STG. SCH. 80 SCH. 100 SCH. 120

SCH. 140 SCH. 180

Page 74

FPS TO GPM CROSS - REFERENCE (Schedule 40)

Nominal

Pipe

(Inches)

1 1.05 2.6989 4.0484 5.3978 6.7473 8.097 9.4462 10.796 12.145 13.490 14.844 16.190 17.540 18.890 20.240 21.590 22.941 24.290

1.25 1.38 4.6620 6.9929 9.3239 11.655 13.99 16.317 18.648 20.979 23.310 25.641 27.970 30.300 32.630 34.960 37.300 39.627 41.958

1.5 1.61 6.3454 9.5182 12.691 15.864 19.04 22.209 25.382 28.555 31.730 34.900 38.070 41.250 44.420 47.590 50.760 53.936 57.109 2 2.07 10.489 15.734 20.979 26.224 31.47 36.713 41.958 47.202 52.450 57.692 62.940 68.180 73.430 78.670 83.920 89.160 94.405

2.5 2.47 14.935 22.402 29.870 37.337 44.80 52.272 59.740 67.207 74.670 82.142 89.610 97.080 104.50 112.00 119.50 126.95 134.41 3 3.07 23.072 34.608 46.144 57.680 69.22 80.752 92.288 103.82 115.40 126.90 138.40 150.00 161.50 173.00 184.60 196.11 207.65

3.5 3.55 30.851 46.276 61.702 77.127 92.55 107.98 123.40 138.83 154.30 169.68 185.10 200.50 216.00 231.40 246.80 262.23 277.66 4 4.03 39.758 59.636 79.515 99.394 119.3 139.15 159.03 178.91 198.80 218.67 238.50 258.40 278.30 298.20 318.10 337.94 357.82 5 5.05 62.430 93.645 124.86 156.07 187.3 218.50 249.72 280.93 312.10 343.36 374.60 405.80 437.00 468.20 499.40 530.65 561.87 6 6.06 89.899 134.85 179.80 224.75 269.7 314.65 359.60 404.55 449.50 494.45 539.40 584.30 629.30 674.20 719.20 764.14 809.09 8 7.98 155.89 233.83 311.78 389.72 467.7 545.61 623.56 701.50 779.40 857.39 935.30 1013.0 1091.0 1169.0 1247.0 1325.1 1403.0

10 10.02 245.78 368.67 491.56 614.45 737.3 860.23 983.12 1106.0 1229.0 1351.8 1475.0 1598.0 1720.0 1843.0 1966.0 2089.1 2212.0

I.D.

INCH

1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9

12 11.94 348.99 523.49 697.99 872.49 1047.0 1221.5 1396.0 1570.5 1745.0 1919.5 2094.0 2268.0 2443.0 2617.0 2792.0 2966.5 3141.0 14 13.13 422.03 633.04 844.05 1055.1 1266.0 1477.1 1688.1 1899.1 2110.0 2321.1 2532.0 2743.0 2954.0 3165.0 3376.0 3587.2 3798.2 16 15.00 550.80 826.20 1101.6 1377.0 1652.0 1927.8 2203.2 2478.6 2754.0 3029.4 3305.0 3580.0 3856.0 4131.0 4406.0 4681.8 4957.2

FPS TO GPM: GPM = (PIPE ID)² X VELOCITY IN FPS X 2.45 FPS X .3048 = MPS GPM TO FPS: FPS =

GPM

(ID)² X 2.45

GPM X .0007 = GPD GPM X 3.7878 = LPM

Page 75

FPS TO GPM CROSS - REFERENCE (Schedule 40)

Nominal

Pipe

(Inches)

18 16.88 697.52 1046.3 1395.0 1743.8 2093.0 2441.3 2790.1 3138.8 3488.0 3836.3 4185.0 4534.0 4883.0 5231.0 5580.0 5928.9 6277.7 20 18.81 866.14 1299.0 1732.0 2165.3 2598.4 3031.5 3464.6 3897.6 4330.7 4763.8 5196.8 5629.9 6063.0 6496.0 6929.1 7362.2 7795.3 24 22.63 1253.7 1880.0 2507.0 3134.1 3761.0 4387.8 5014.6 5641.5 6268.3 6895.1 7522.0 8148.8 8775.6 9402.4 10029 10656 11283 26 25.25 1560.7 2341.0 3121.0 3901.9 4682.2 5462.6 6243.0 7023.4 7803.7 8584.1 9364.5 10145 10925 11706 12486 13266 14047 28 27.25 1817.8 2727.0 3636.0 4544.5 5453.4 6362.3 7271.2 8180.0 9088.9 9997.8 10907 11816 12725 13633 14542 15451 16360 30 29.25 2094.4 3142.0 4189.0 5236.0 6283.2 7330.4 8377.6 9424.9 10472 11519 12566 13614 14661 15708 16755 17803 18850 32 31.25 2390.6 3586.0 4781.0 5976.5 7171.9 8367.2 9562.5 10758 11953 13148 14344 15539 16734 17930 19125 20320 21516 34 33.25 2706.4 4060.0 5413.0 6766.0 8119.2 9472.4 10826 12179 13532 14885 16238 17592 18945 20298 21651 23004 24358 36 35.25 3041.8 4563.0 6084.0 7604.5 9125.4 10646 12167 13688 15209 16730 18251 19772 21292 22813 24334 25855 27376 42 41.25 4165.4 6248.0 8331.0 10414 12496 14579 16662 18744 20827 22910 24992 27075 29158 31241 33323 35406 37489 48 47.99 5637.8 8457.0 11276 14095 16913 19732 22551 25370 28189 31008 33827 36646 39465 42284 45103 47922 50740 54 53.98 7133.1 10700 14266 17833 21399 24966 28532 32099 35665 39232 42798 46365 49931 53498 57065 60631 64198

I.D.

INCH

1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9

60 60.09 8839.2 13259 17678 22098 26518 30937 35357 39777 44196 48616 53035 57455 61875 66294 70714 75134 79553 72 72.10 12726 19089 25451 31814 38177 44540 50903 57266 63628 69991 76354 82717 89080 95443 101805 108168 114531 84 84.10 17314 25971 34628 43285 51943 60600 69257 77914 86571 95228 103885 112542 121199 129856 138514 147171 155828

FPS TO GPM: GPM = (PIPE ID)² X VELOCITY IN FPS X 2.45 FPS X .3048 = MPS GPM TO FPS: FPS =

GPM

(ID)² X 2.45

GPM X .0007 = GPD GPM X 3.7878 = LPM

Page 76

Addendum — Heat Flow

FDT Heat Flow

General

The FDT flow meter with the optional heat flow module installed is designed to measure the rate and quantity of heat delivered to a given building, area or heat exchanger. The instrument measures the volumetric flow rate of the heat exchanger liquid (water, water/glycol mixture, brine, etc.), the temperature at the inlet pipe and the temperature at the outlet pipe. Heat delivery is calculated by the following equation:

Rate of heat delivery = Q*(Tin – Tout)*c

Where Q = volumetric flow rate Tin = temperature at the inlet Tout = temperature at the outlet c = specific heat of the liquid

The RTD module installed in the FDT measures the differential temperature of two 1000-ohm three-wire platinum RTDs. The three-wire configuration allows the temperature sensors to be located several hundred feet away from the FDT meter without influencing system accuracy or stability. The FDT transit time flow meter can also tolerate large distances between the flow measurement transducers and the electronic instrument.

The RTDs included with the FDT heat delivered flow meter have been factory calibrated and are marked with an identification as to which terminal, #1 or #2, the RTD has been calibrated. The RTDs are 1000-ohm platinum and are designed to be mounted on the exterior surface of the pipe. The RTDs are rated for a temperature range of –50 to +130 C.

Installation

1. Follow the instructions outlined in the standard FDT manual for proper installation of the flow measurement transducers. After installation, verify that the Signal Strength is greater than 4-5% and, if possible, perform a Zero flow calibration on the pipe. Please note that all readings require a full pipe of liquid.

2. Select areas on the inlet and outlet pipes where the RTDs will be mounted. Remove or peel back the insulation all the way around the pipe in the installation area. Clean an area slightly larger than the RTD down to bare metal on the pipe.

Description: Installation and Operation Manual Addendum FDT Heat Flow Meter

Origin Date: 02/10/00 Revision: none Revision date: none Page 1 of 3

Page 77

3. Place a small amount of heat sink compound on the pipe in the RTD installation location. See Figure 1. Press the RTD firmly into the compound. Fasten the RTD to the pipe with the included heater tape.

4. Route the RTD wires to an electrical junction box in close proximity to the installation location. Secure the RTD wires such that they will not be pulled on or abraded inadvertently. Replace the insulation on the pipe.

5. Route a cable from the electrical junction box back to the FDT flow meter. Connect the RTDs as illustrated in Figure 2. Note that the SNS1 and DRV1 wires originate from the same location on the RTD.

Figure 1

Transmitter Programming

FDT Module

REF1+2 & RTN

1. The RTDs included with the FDT heat delivered flow meter have been fac-

RTD#1

tory calibrated and are marked with an identification as to which terminal, #1 or #2, the RTD has been cali-

SNS 1

DRV 1

brated. If recalibration of the RTDs is required or RTDs other than those

REF1+2 & RTN

supplied with the FDT are being utilized, the UltraLink software utility will be required. UltraLink can also be used to configure all operating parameters of the heat flow instrument.

RTD#2

SNS 2

DRV 2

2. To properly measure heat delivery, the specific heat capacity of the liquid must be entered. When a liquid is

Figure 2

chosen from the FL TYPE list, a default specific heat will be loaded. This default value is displayed as SP HEAT in the BASIC MENU. If the actual specific heat of the liquid is known or if it differs from the default value, press the ENTER key and modify the value. Press the enter key to save the value. See the values listed in Tables 1 and 2 for specific values. Enter a value that is the mean of both pipes.

Description: Installation and Operation Manual Addendum FDT Heat Flow Meter

Origin Date: 02/10/00 Revision: none Revision date: none Page 2 of 3

Page 78

3. The RATE UNIT can be displayed as three different values; BTUs, CALs or Watts. Select the proper unit from the RATE UNIT list. Select the appropriate RATE INTERVAL from the list (seconds, minutes, hours, days). Be aware that the instrument can only display values as large as 99,999,999.

4. Select an appropriate TOTALIZER UNIT from the list; BTU, CAL, Watt.

5. In the SER MENU three values can be displayed that may aid in troubleshooting the heatflow instrument. In this menu, the temperature being read by RTD1 is indicated as TEMP1 (all values are degrees Celsius) , RTD2 as TEMP2 and the absolute difference as TEMPDIFF.

Table 1—Heat Capacity of Water

Table 2—Heat Capacity of Liquids

Description: Installation and Operation Manual Addendum FDT Heat Flow Meter

Origin Date: 02/10/00 Revision: none Revision date: none Page 3 of 3

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