OLYMPUS
RESEARCH
MICROSCOPES
INSTRUCTION
MANUAL
MODELS
FHT&EHTWITH§W:
INSTRUCTION
MANUAL
OLYMPUS RESEARCH MICROSCOPES
MODELS
FHT&EHT:~~:~~
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.
STANDARD
EQUIPMENT " 2
II.
SPECiFiCATiONS 4
Ill.
IDENTIFICATION
OF
VARIOUS
COMPONENTS 5
IV.
DESCRIPTION OF EACH COMPONENT 6
V. OPERATING THE MICROSCOPE
14
VI.
OPTICAL
CHARACTERiSTICS
...............•......
·19
I
STANDARD
EQUIPMENT
Before assembly,
please
check
your
standard
outfit,
which consists
of
the following items:
1.
Model
FHT
, ) Binocular Tube Versions
Con-
Total
Model No. Eyepieces Objectives Stage
denser
magni-
fication
Bi P7x, Bi WF lOx,
Ach
4x,Ach
lOx,
N.A.
28x-
FHT-521
Bi P15x, paired
Ach 40x.
1.25
1500x
Ach
l00x
(oill
Bi P7x, Bi High-Eye-
Ach
4x.Ach
lOx,
FrS
N.A.
28x-
FHT-522
pointWF
10x,Bi
P15x, FI
40x,FI100x ISquare
1.40
2000x
Bi
K20x.
paired
loill
mechani·
Bi P7x, Bi High-Eye- Plan 4x. Plan
lOx,
cal stage
with left
N.A.
28x-
FHT-523
pointWF
lOx.
BiP15x. Plan
40x,
& right 1.40 2000x
Bi
K20x,
paired Plan
loox
loill
hand
coaxial
N.A.
Plan4x,Plan
lOx.
controls) 0.85
FHT-523-
Bi SW10x, paired
Plan
20x,
Plan40x
with
40x-
SW
SW
Plan
looxloill
aux. con
l000x
denser
lens
2}
Trinocular Tube Versions
Con-
Total
Model No. Eyepieces Objectives Stage
denser
magni-
fication
Bi P7x, BiWF10x,
Bi P15x. paired
Ach
4x,
Ach
lOx,
N.A.
28x-
FHT-531 Photo eyepieces:
Ach
40x,
1.25
1500x
FK2.5x,
FK3.3x
Ach 100x
(oill
FK5x,FK6.7x,
leach
Bi P7x, Bi
High-Eye-
FrS
point
WF10x,
Bi P15x,
Ach4x,Ach
lOx,
(Square
FHT-532
Bi
K20x,
paired
FI40x,Fll00x
mechani-
N.A.
28x-
Photo
eyepieces:
loill
cal stage 1.40
2000x
FK2.5x,
FK3.3x.
with
left
FK5x,FK6.7x,l
each & right
Bi P7x, Bi High-Eye-
hand
coaxial
pointWFlOx,
Bi P15x,
Plan4x, Plan lOx. controls)
FHT-533
Bi
K20x.
paired
Plan
40x,
N.A.
28x-
Photo
eyepieces:
Plan
l00x
loill
1.40
2000x
FK2.5x,
FK3.3x,
FK5x,FK6.7x,l
each
N.A.
SW10x paired
Plan4x,Planl0x,
0.85
FHT-533-
Photo
eyepieces:
Plan20x. Plan40x,
with
40x-
SW
FK2.5x,
FK3.3x,
SWPlan
looxloill
aux. con·
looox
FK5x,FK6.7x,l
each
denser
lens.
Other items supplied
with
each
version:
Spare Bulbs,6V.5A,
TB-'
_. _.
..
2pcs.
Filter(blue) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..,pc.
Filter
Mount
(provided
only
with
achromatic/aplanatic condenser) 1pc.
Wooden Carrying Case. . 1
pc.
Certificate . . . . . 1
pc.
2
2. Model
EHT
, ) Binocular Tube Version
Can·
Total
Model No. Eyepieces
Objectives Stage
denser
magni-
fication
Bi P7x, Bi
WF10x.
Ach4x,
Ach
lOx.
N.A.
28x-
EHT
-421
Ach
40x.
8i
P15x, paired
Ach
loox
(oill
1.25
1500x
CrS·VH
Bi P7x,
BI
High·Eye·
Ach4x.
Ach
lOx
ISquare
N.A.
28x-
EHT-422
pointWFl
Ox.BiPl
5x. FI
40x.FIloox
mechani-
1.40
2000x
Bi
K20x.
paired
loill
cal
stage
Bi P7x, Bi High·Eye- Plan
4x.
Plan
lOx.
with
co-
axial
low
N.A.
28x-
EHT
-423
pointWF
1Ox.BiPl5x. Plan
40x.
drive 1.40 2000x
Bi
K20x.
paired Plan
loox
loill
controls)
N.A.
Plan
4x.
Plan
lOx.
0.85
EHT
-423·
with
40x-
SW
Bi SW10x. paired Plan20x.Plan40x,
aux.
con·
looox
SWPlan
looxloill
denser
lens
2)
Trinocular Tube Version
Con-
Total
Model No.
Eyepieces Objectives Stage
denser
magni·
fication
Bi P7x. Bi WF
lOx,
Bi P15x. paired.
Ach
4x.
Ach
lOx,
N.A.
28x-
EHT
-431
Photo eyepieces :
Ach40x,Achloox
1.25 1500x
FK2.5x,FK3.3x,
(oill
FK5x,FK6.7x,1
each
Bi P7x. Bi High·EyepointWF10x,
Bi P15x,
Ach4x,Ach
lOx,
CrS·VH
EHT-432
Bi
K20x,
paired.
FI
40x.FIloox
(Square
N.A.
28x-
Photo eyepieces:
(oill
mechani-
1.40
2000x
FK2.5x,
FK3.3x,
cal
stage
FK5x,
FK6.7x,
1each
with
low
Bi P7x, Bi High·Eye-
drive
controls)
pointWF10x,BiPl
5x,
Plan
4x,
Plan
lOx,
EHT-433
Bi
K20x,
paired.
Plan
40x,
N.A.
28x-
Photo
eyepieces :
Plan
loox
(oil)
1.40
2000FK2.5x, FK3.3x,
FK5x,
FK6.7x,l
each
N.A.
BiSWlOx,
paired.
Plan4x, Plan
lOx,
0.85
EHT·433·
Photo
eyepieces:
Plan
20x
,Plan40x,
with
40x-
SW
FK2.5x,
FK3.3x
SWPlan
lOOx(oill
aux. con-
1000x
FK5x,
FK6.7x,l
each
denser
lens
Other items supplied
with
each
version:
Spare
Bulbs,6V,5A.TB·'
2pcs.
Filler(blue) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..,pc.
Filter Mount(provided
only
wilh
achromatic/aplanalic condenser) 1
pc.
Wooden Carrying Case. 1pc.
Certificate . . . . . . . . 1
pc.
3
II
SPECIFICATIONS
~
--------
FHT
EHT
Vertical stage movement. Vertical
stage
movement.
Focusing
coax
ial
coarse and fine ad· separate coarse
and
fine
justments, with
automatic
adjustments.
with
auto-
pre·focusing lever. matic pre-focusing lever.
Coarse
Devetait slideways, rack
and
pinion
type:
adjustment adjustment
range
32.5
mm
Fine
Adjustment ragne
1.2mm.
Adjustment
range
1.2mm,
adjustment
graduated in increments
of
graduated in increments
of
Micra-
1
micron.
2 microns.
scope
Tungsten lamp,
6V.
5A,
with
centering device and
built·in
Stand
Light transformer.
source
Auxiliary
lenses
for
low,
medium
and
high
power
objectives.
Revolving
Quintuple,
on ball bearings. Engravings. coded A to E.
nosepiece to facilitate objective insertion.
Condenser
With
condenser centering device and rack·and-pinion
mount
height adjustment. Height displacement 23.5mm.
Tube
inclination
45-,
rotatable
360-,
both
eyepiece tubes
Binocular
provided
with
diopter
and tube length adjustments,
tube
except Bi-SW observation tube inclined
30-,
and
diopter
Obser-
difference
canbeadjusted
by
the
SW
eyepiece
tube.
vation I
nterpupillary
distance adjustment
from
56mmto74mm.
Tubes
Tube
inclination
45·,
rotatable
360·,
both
eyepiece tubes
provided
with
diopter
and tube length adjustments, except
Trinocular
Tr-SWobservation
tube inclined
30·,
and
diopter
difference
tube
canbeadjusted by
theSWeyepiece
tube. Interpupillary
distance adjustment
from
56mmto74mm,
with
photo
tube. Light path selector
lever.
FrS
CrS·VH
Rotatable
graduated mech· Rotatable
graduated
mech·
Stages
anical stage
with
horizontal anical
stage
with
low
drive
drive controls, movement
controls,
movement range
range
44mmx76mm.
Ver·
52mmx76mm.
Vernier
nier
scales
readingtoO.1mm
scales
reading
to
0.1mm.
Achromatic!
NA
1.40,
with
decenterable aperture iris diaphragm and
aplanatic
graduated
scale.
condenser
Can·
Abbe N.A.
1.25,
with
aperture
iris diaphragm and swing-out
densers
condenser filter
mount.
CO-4
N.A. 0.85,
for super widefield of view,
with
variable
condenser
aperture iris diaphragm, filter holder
and
auxiliary
condenser lens.
Photo Eyepieces FK
The
new
photo
eyepieces FK are specially designed
for
photo-
micrography
with
the
Olympus
Photomicrographic
System Camera Model
PM-10
(optional).
The
eyepiece powers available are
2.5x,
3.3x,
5x
and 6.7x. Each
magnificationiscomputedtofocusanimage at a projec-
tion
lengthof125mm-the
same planeasthe
35mm
film
plane, thus
compensating spherical aberration.
The
respective magnifications
are engraved on the
FK eyepieces:
Total
magnificationofa
picture
when the F K eyepieceisused.isformulatedasfollows:
Total
magnification
with
35mm
film
= Objective
powerxFK
eyepiece power.
The
formula
below,
however.
will
be applied in
case
the
camp.ra
adapter
with
relay lens, model PM-DL,isused
for
larger
format
camera backs:
Total
magnification
of.large
format
picture
= Objective
powerxFK
eyepiece
power
x3.
4
III
IDENTIFICATION
OF
VARIOUS
COMPONENTS
Trinocular
Observation Tube
Limb
Voltage
Adjustment
Knob
FHT·533
5
Eyepiece
Revolving
Nosepiece
Objective
5'"",
Conden~r
Voltmeter
IV
DESCRIPTION
OF
EACH COMPONENT
A.
Mic:roMlOpe
Sund
1. Limb 8nd Focusi"9 Mech..,ism
The limbissecurely attachedtothe
sturdy base and supports the observa-
tion tube, stage, condenser, revolving nosepiece and focusing mechanism.
The focusing mechanism includes
the
coarse and fine adjustments and an
automatic pre-focusing lever. This lever
is
providedtoprevent possible
contact between specimen and objective as well as
to
simplify coarse
focusing.
The
leverislocked after coarse focus has been accomplished.
This prevents further upward travel
of
the stage and automatically pro-
vides a limiting
stopifthe stageislowered then raised again.
The
automatic pre-focusing lever does
not
restrict fine focusing.
The filter
mountisplaoedonthe light exitofthe illuminator base.
Stage Clamping Lever
Co_
Adjustment
Knob
Fine
Adjustment
Knob
Automatic
Pre-focusing Lever
FHT
AuxiIiory Lens
Shifting Lever
Fillllr
Mount
Light Exit
Coane
Adjustment
Knob
Fine
Adjustment
Knob
2.
Condenser
The condenser may be mounted
on
the
condenser
mount
by first
inserting
the
condenser into
the
condenser
mount
from below, aligning
the
positioning
dotsonthe
condenser and condenser mount, and then
clamping with
the
clamping screw. Condenser centration can be
accomplished by means
of
two
centering knobs. Vertical movement
of
the
condenser can be adjusted by
the
condenser height adjustment knob.
The condenser
has an excellent resolving power,
dryoroil immersion,
from
4x
to
100x magnification objectives.
When
using
the
100x
objective,
the
distance between condenser and specimen should be
filled with immersion oil.
Note:
For use with
the
achromaticlaplanatic condenser N.A. 1.40, the
filter
mountisplacedonthe
light exit of the illuminator base, while
either
the
Abbe N.A. 1.25orN.A.
0.85
condenser incorporates its
own filter mount. When
the
N.A.
0.85
condenserisused for super
widefield observation, keep
the
auxiliary condenser lens slippedonthe
light exitonthe
base.
The slide clamping screw permits simultaneous locking of slide and
6
rotationofcondenser and the slide lever allows decentering and rotating
the aperture iris diaphragm for
obligue illumination.
•
Abbe
Conden5el",
N.A.
1.25
Abbe
COI"denser
--------
Condenser
Clamping
Screw
Centering
Knob
Filter
Moun't-~--'
•
Achromatic/aplanatic
Condenser,
N.A.
1.4
Achromaticl
aplanatic
Condenser
-------
Condenser
Clamping
Screw
----~-.
Centering
Knob
Aperture
Iris
Diaphragm
Cuntrol
Aing-~-r-'
• CD-4 Condenser,
N.A.
0.85
Condenser
Condenser
Mount
Aperture
Iris
l..::>
...
_----
Diaphragm
Control
lever
,,~~-
Alignment
Dots
/ Condenser
Mount
Slide
Clamping
Screw
~
......
Alignment
Dots
----Slide
Lever
Condenser
MOllnt
Condenser
Clamping
Screw
Centering
Knob
Filter
Mount
Alignment
Dots
Aperture
Iris
Diaphragm
Control
Leve<
7
Lever
Position
H
L
Fo,
Photomicrography
4x
lOx
Observ.
20x-l00x
Objective
For
Observation
3.
Microscope
Base
and· Light Source
1) Microscope
Base
The lamp houseisbuilt
onto
the
base.
The lamp socketisclamped
to
the lamp house
with
a damping screw. The tight pathisselected
with
the auxiliary
lens
shifting lever
for
high, medium and
low
magnification
of objective in use.
...
__
..
Itisgenerally recommendedtoset the levertothe position marked
with
"Observ." (equivalenttopositionL)for
brightfield observation
with
all the objectives
from
4x through 100x. In phase contrast
or
darkfield
observation, where
in
tenser lightisrequired, however,itis
recommended
to
setitto
position M
or
H according
to
objective magnificationasin
case
with
photomicrography.
Voltage
Adjustment
Knob
Grounding
terminal
..::::::;::;",::::~--
Line
Voltage
Adjustment
Screw
o Voltage Adjustment
The
minimum
voltage required
for
the light source
canbevaried
qv
meansofthe line voltage adjustment screw provided at the backofthe
microscope
baseinaccordance
with
the line voltage and frequency,
since a silicon controlled rectifier
(SeRl
is
.adopted in the dimmer
circuitry.
At
the
bottomofthe
baseisa voltage selector switch, which
can
be
turned
with
a coin,
to
correspond
with
the voltageofmain supply
(11
OV, 120V, 220V or
240Vl.
The transformerisbuiltinthe
base
and
switched on and
off
with
the voltage adjustment knob, which also
controls the
bulb voltage from 0
to
lOV.
8
•
2 ) Light Source
The light source consists
of
lamp house
CD
and lamp socket ® .
The lamp socketisprovided
with
two coaxial lamp centering knobs
@ _ The Jamp socket
canbemoved back and
forth
along the optical
axistoeliminate uneven
illumination
in the field
of
view.
a.
Electric Connection
1)
Insert
the
jacks
of
the lamp cord
into
the
low
voltage
outlet
at
the backofmicroscope
base.
2)
Insert the plugsofthe line cord
into
the tine cord socket and the
AC
po......er
outlet
respectively.
b.
AdjustmentofLine Voltage
1)
Turn
the voltage adjustment knob clockwisetoposition ON.
2)
If
the bulb is
dimmly
lit.
the line voltageisproper, and you
have
onlytomanipulate the voltage adjustment knobinorder
to
obtain
optimum
light
intensity.
with
no
needtofurther
proceed to the
following procedure 3).
3)
Even
after the voltage adjustment
knobisturned on,ifthe
bulb
does
not
lightorlightsupbright
immediately after switching on,
rotate gradually the
line voltage adjustment screw (at the back
of
the
base)
with
a coin,
until
the lamp dims.
o According
to
the fluctuations
of
line voltage and frequency
(SO/60Hz),
minimum
voltage required
for
lighting the bulb
varies;
if
the
bulb
does
not
light at allorlightsupimmediately
after switching on, re-adjustment
of
the line voltage screw
is
necessary
to
dim
the bulb.
Note:
For light intensity adjustment after
dimming
the bulb,
use
the voltage adjustment
knob
on the sideofthe
base.
c.
Attach
the tamp socket.
1)
Loosen the clamping screw
<!)
.
2)
Insert the lamp socket @
into
the lamp house
CD
.
3)
Tighten the clamping screw
to
secure the socket.
9
4.
Low
Voltage Indication
~'
~
1
5 ;; 1 8 9 10
Meter
indicates 3V.
Meter
indicates
6V,
As
the voltage
adjus~ment
knobisturned clockwise, the
red
zone
advancesasshown above. Use·the upper
scaleofthe metertoread
from
o
to
5V,
and the lower
scaletoread
from
5VtolOV. Avoid prolonged
use
at voltages above
6V.
Lamp Replacement
l
1)
Loosen the socket clamping screw and slide
out
the socket.
l2l Remove the
bulbbyslightly depressingitagainst the seat
and
then rotatingitin a counterclockwise direction.
(3l Insert a replacement bulb in
reversed
order.
Before
use,
wipe
off
thoroughly any fingerprints or stains on
the bulb.
5. Revolving Nosepiece
The Quintuple revolving nosepiece rotates on ball bearings.
A knurled ring
is
provided for slip-free
and
smooth rotation.
Each
objective clicks
Into
position accurately, maintaining proper
optical alignment. Also
each
objective holeiscoded
with
the letters
A,
8,
C, D
and
E in ordertoindicate where the objectives should
be
mounted,as"A"isfor
4x,
"B"
for lOx,
"C"
for 20x,
"0"
for
40x
and
"E"
for
100x In addition, the observer
can
easily tell
what
power objectiveisbeing
usedbythe color band engraved un each
objective during observation.
Magnification
4x
10,
20,
HlQ,
Color
band Red
Orange
Yellow
Brilliant
green
Light
blue
* The
stage
mustbemounted on the microscope
priortothe
mount
ingofobjectives
on
the revolving nosepiece.
'0
B.
Observation Tubes
The observation tubes
are
inclined 45" (except Bi·SW and Tr-SW both
inclined 30°) and rotatable 360°. The tubes
can
be clamped in any
direction
with
the clamping screw provided.
For adjustment
of
interpupillary distance. hold the right and
left
eyepiece tubes
with
both hands and push the tubes together
or
pull them apart laterally, whicheverisrequired, while looking at
an
image through the eyepieces
with
both eyes,
until
perfect binocular
vision
is
obtained.Itis
good practice to memorize the individual
interpupillary distance. setting. A
scale
for
this purposeislocated
between the eyepiece tubes.
(The mechanical tube lengthofthe
SW
observation tubesis160mm when this
scaleisset
at 62.l The eyepiece
tubes
are
provided
with
diopter
and tube length adjustment rings.
A
light
path selector levertodirect the light to observation tube or
photo
tube,isprovided
with
the trinocular observation tube.
Photo
Tube
Light
Path
Selector
lever
;:::===---
Diopter
Adjustment
Rings
Clamping
Screw---tllIO'lt
__
Eyepiece
Tube
Knurled
Ring,--"'-\
11
~Knurled
Ring
-r-
Eyepiece Positioning Groove
Interpupillary
Distance
Scale
Clamping Screw
Clamping
Screw
-~~~~~~-.!J!!~~~-
Photo
Tube
Ujht
Path
Se
ector
Lever
C.
Stages
1.
Square Mechanical Stage FrS
Thisisa square coaxial drive control mechanical
stage
with
interchange-
able mount. The specimen
is
moved by
meansofhorizontal drive controls
on both
sidesofthe
stage.
The larger control knobisfor north-south (Y)
movement
of
the
specimen,
and
the smaller control knobisfor
east-west
(X) movement.
The working
rangeofthe specimen holder
is:
North-south excursion
...
44mm
East-west
excursion....
. 76mm
Each
controlisprovided
withascale
(0-50
for
Y excursion,
50-120
for
X excursion) and a vernier, reading
to
0.1
mm. Stage rotation
can
be
clamped by a clamping screw. The
stage
may be
usedasa plain
stage
by
removing the specimen holder assembly.
Graduated Scale
for
North-South
Movement
Stage
Rotation
Clamping
Screw
Graduated Scale
for
East-West
Movement
-------
Specimen
Holder
Clampinq Screws
for
SpeCimen
Holder
North-South
Movement
Control
Knob
East-West Movement
Control
Knob
Movement
Control
Kno
* The
stage
maybemounted on the microscopeinreversed
position,
as
showninthe picture above, right,toobtain increased rotation.
'2
2.
Square Mechanical Stage
with
Low
Drive Controls CrS-VH
The specimenismovedbymeansofcoaxial
low
drive
control
knobs
which
are
provided
on'the
stage vertically.
The
working
rangeofthe specimen holder is:
North-south
excursion ,
52mm
East-west excursion
76mm
Each
controlisprovided
with
a scale
10-60
for
Y excursion,
6O~
13)
for
X excursion) and a vernier, readingto0.1
mm.
Stage
rotation:
After
bring the specimen slide in
position,
move the center
of
the specimen slide
into
the
optical
axis. then rotate the
stage
horizontally.
The
stage
rotation
can be clampedbymeansofa clamping screw.
The
stage
may be
usedasa plain
stagebyremoving the specimen holder.
Graduated
Scale
for East-West
Movement
__
....
'"
North.south
Movement
Control Knob
East-West
Movement
Control Knob
Specimen
Holdel"
Clamping
Screw for
Stage Rotation
~
~=~l",:;;e;';f,or
Rotation
r uat
Scale
for
'--
~"'onh-SolJth
MovemeoJ
Stage
Clamping
lever
3,
Square Mechanical Stage
with
Low
Drive
Controls Cs-VH
This
mechanical stageisoperated by coaxial
low
drive
controls
on
rack-and-pinion
for
north-south and east-west movements. The
working
rangeofthe specimen holderISthe
sameasthatofthe CrS-VH.
4,
Square Coaxial Mechanical Stage
CS
Thp-
mechanical stageCSis
operated by coaxial horizontal
control
knobs
with
rack-an"d-pinion
for
north-south movement and a lead screw
for
east-west movement.
5.
Mount
the Mechanical Stage
1)
Lower
the condenser
mountasfaraspossible
with
the
condenser height
adjustment
knob.
2)
Lower the stage dovetail slide all
the way
with
the coarse adjust-
ment
knobs.
3)
Insert the dovetail
mountofthe
stage slowly
into
the
stage
dovetail
slide all the
way
down.
and lock
the
stage
with
the locking lever
provided on the dovetail
mount
of
the
stage.
13
y
OPERATING THE MICROSCOPE
A. Interpupillary Distance and
Diopter
Adjustments
In order to obtain perfect binocular vision through the eyepieces,itis
necessarytoadjust
interpupillary
distance and
diopter
difference in eye
acuity; otherwise, long time observation would put considerable strain on
the obser'.;er's eyes.
1.
I
nterpupiltary
0 istance
Adjustment
(1) Hold the (igh t and left eyepiece tubes
with
both
hands and push the
tubes
together,orpull
them
apart
laterallY,whicheverisrequired,
while
looking through the eyepieces
with
both
eyes,
until
perfect
binocular visionisobtained.
(2) Memorize
your
interpupillary
distance setting. ScaleCDis
provided
for
this purpose, located between the eyepiece tubes.
*
This
interpupillary
distance adjustmentisnecessary each time
observers
are
changed. Re-focusingisalso necessary whenever the
interpupillary
distanceischanged.
2.
Diopter
Adjustment
a.
For
FHT and EHT
(1)
Rotate the
diopter
ring ®onthe right eyepiece tubetomatch the
scale on the ring to
your
interpupillary
distance setting
which
you
obtained from
scaleCDas
described in the preceding paragraph
1-121
(2)
Look
at the image through the
right
eyepiece
with
your
right
eye and focusonthe specimen
with
the fine adjustment knobs.
(3)
Next,
look
at the image through
the left eyepiece
with
your
left
eye and rotate the
diopter
ring@
to
focus on
the
specimen
with-
out
using the coarse and fine
adjustment knobs.
b.
For FHT-SW and EHT-SW
Each
SW
eyepieceisprovided
with
diopter ring
for
adjustmentofyour
diopter
difference.
(1)
Rotate
the
diopter
ring on the
right
eyepiece tube to
obtain
a clear image
of
the field
of
view
in the eyepiece.
(2)
Lookatthe image through the
right eyepiece
with
your
right
eye and focusonthe specimen
with
the fine adjustment knobs.
(3)
Next,lookatthe
image through
the left eyepiece
with
your
left
eye and rotate the
diopter
ring
to
focus on the specimen
with-
out
using the coarse and fine
adjustment knobs.
14
B.
Center the Condenser and the Light Bulb
After
all
necessary
components
are
attachedtothe microscope stand
properly
and
securely,itis
essentialtocenter the condenser
and
the
light bulb before the microscope
is
putinoperation.
1.
First, make sure that all electrical
conne~tions
are
done property,
then turn the switch
in
the microscope
base
to the ON position.
The lamp
will
light up. By raising the voltage progressively, you
can
ascertain that the bulbison.
Adjust light intensity to suit your requirements.
2.
Swing the auxiliary
lens
shifting lever on the illuminator
basetoposi-
tion Observ.
3.
Place
a specimen on the
stage
and
use
the objective lOxtobring the
specimen in focus.
o
Outofcenter.
o
Centered.
Opened
fu
lIy.
4.
Stop down the field iris diaphragm
with
the field iris diaphragm
control provided on the microscope
base.
A slightly blurred image
of
the field iris diaphragm
can
nowbeseeninthe fieldofview.
5.
Move the condenser up and down
with
the condenser height
adjustment knob
to
focus on the imageofthe field iris diaphragm.
;(;rvvv,
\"IJU<NUUU/
Before
centration.
After
centration.
6.
While widening the diameterofthe field progressively,
use
the con-
denser centering knobs
to
bring the diaphragm image
into
the center
of
the fieldofview.Ifthe polygonal imageofthe iris diaphragm
becomes inscribed in the field
it
means
that the field iris diaphragm
is
centered. Slightly increase the diameterofthe field iris diaphragm
untilitis
iust outside the fieldofview.
7.
Remove one of the eyepieces from the observation tube,
and
look into
the eyepiece tube
so
that the filament imageofthe
bulb at the rear
focal plane
of
the objective
can
easily be
seen.
8.
Center the filament image
with
the two coaxial centering knobs on the
lamp socket.
..
Before re-insertionofthe eyepiece
into
the observation tube, move
your
headtothe right or
left
to ascertain that
the
filament
imageisin
center at the rear focal planeofthe objective while looking
into
the
eyepiece tube.
If thereisillumination
irregularity
seen
in the fieldofview
after
centra.
tionofthe
bulb
filament,
loosen
the
clamping
screw
for
positioning
the lamp
socke~
and
move
the lamp sod<et back and
forth
slowly
and
clamp
with
the
clamping screw
when
even
illuminationisobtained.
15
60-10"
,,.,,
C.
UseofIris Diapnragms
A field iris diaphragmaswellasan
aperture
iris diaphragm
is
provided on the microscope.
The field iris diaphragm
is
built
into
the
base
and the aperture iris diaphragmispart
of
the condenser.
1.
Field Iris Diaphragm
The field iris diaphragm controls the diameter
of
the ray bundle impinging on the
specimen surface and thus increases
image
definition.
Stop
down
the field iris diaphragm while looking through the eyepiece.
An
imageofthe iris diaphragm
will
appear
within
the field.
Now
open the field dia-
phragm
until
its diameterisjust slightly
larger than the diameter
of
the fieldofview.
• When particularly clearer
definition
of
an
imageisrequired in the centerofthe
field
of
view stop
down
the iris diaphragm
as
narrowasshowninthe pictureatbottom.
• The imageofthe field iris diaphragmisconjugated on the specimen's
surface,
so
that the diameterofthe field iris diaphragm changes
according to the change
of
the objective power. By the
same
token
with
every changeofthe eyepiece the field number
will
be varied,
which
necessitates re-adjustmentofthe diameter at the field diaphragm.
2. Aperture
Iris Diaphragm
An aperture iris diaphragm opened too
wide impairs
image
con·trast duetointernal
reflections
and
related factors. On the
other hand,
if
the diaphragmisstopped
down
exce"->5ivcly,
rC50lutionisunduly
reduced.Itis
therefore
suggested
to match
the openingofthe aperture iris diaphragm
to the numerical aperture
of
the objective
in
use,
in ordertoachieve
maximum
objective performance. For that purpose
simply set the numerical aperture scale on
the condenser
to
the numerical apeflure
of
the objectiveinuse.
However, since microscopic specimens generally
are
lowincontrast,
their image lacks contrast
if
the objective is
usecl
with
its full numerical
aperture. Therefore.
il
is occasionally preferable to stop
down
the aperture
iris diaphragm slightly more than indicated
by
the objective
N.A.
This
will
result in increased image contrast, larger depth of focus and a flatter
field. On the other hand, stopping down
too
much impairs resolution.
An aperture setting
of
O.6-0.7x the N.A. of the objective
is
recommended.
If
the
N.A.ofthe objectiveis1,
for instance,
you
can
set
the
scale
to
0.6-0.7.
16
•
•
D. Tension
AdjustmentofCoarse
Adjustment Knobs
While the coarse adjustment
motionisnormally
sliff
and
heavy, it
is
freely adjustable for either heavy or light movemenl depending on the
observer's preference.
To
adjust the tension hold lhe
two
coarse adiustment
knobs
with
your
both
hands and rolate them in the opposite direction
at
the same time.
E.
ParfocalObjectives
Since alt objectives are par/oeal. only
a
minimum
of fine adJuslment
control
is
required when you change the objectives.
Focusing Procedure:
1) Operate the fine adjustment knob to bring the line adjustment indicator
line to the center of the fine adjustment
range.
2)
Place
thp.
lOx objective in position
3) Bring the specimen
as
closelyaspossibletothe objective
with
the
coarse adjustment knobs.
4)
While looking through the eyepiece, lower the
stage
slowly
and
focus
on the specimen.
5)
Turn
the revolving nosepiece to bring the objective to
be
used into
the light path.
F. UseofImmersion Optical
Components
1.
Immersion Objectives:
1)
Focus on the specimen
with
a low-power objective.
21
Put a dropofimmersion
oilonboth
the specimen and the objective
front
lens.
3)
Turn
the revolving nosepiecetobring the immersion objective into
the light path, and focus
with
the fine adjustment knob.
2.
Immersion Condensers:
1)
Remove the specimen
from
the mechanicul
stnge
and place a drop
of
immersion
oil
on the
front
lensofthe condenser.
2)
Place
the specimen on the mechanical
stage
and
slowly
raise
the·con-
denser until
firm
contact
with
the undersideofthe specimen slide is
made.
Care
shouldbetakentoprevent
oil
bubbles
from
forming
in
the oil
film
between condenser
and
specimen slide.
3.
After
Use
Carefully wipe
off
the immersion oil deposited on the lens surfaces wi th
gauze moistened
with
xylene.
Never
leave
oil on the lens surfaces after
useasoil remnants
will
seriously impair the performanceofthe lens systems.
17
G. Oblique Illumination
The achromatic!aplanatic condenser N.A. 1.40
has
extremely high resolving power and
will
give the
operator satisfactory results
even
when
used
dry.
When using objectives lOOx, the condenser should
be
immersed. The condenser
canbeused
with
all
objectives from 4x and up. Oblique illumination
will
further
improve resolving power.
1.
With
oblique illumination, the resolving power
can
be
doubled. As against the normal (central)
illumination where the light beams are parallel
to
the optical axisofthe microscope, oblique
illumination provides
light bundlesatan
angle
to
the opticalaxis.
The illuminating light proceeds from below
with
an
inclinationtothe specimen, which
will
cause
not
only
the normal transmitted beam
but
also
more
of
the refracted light to enter the objective.
This
will
double the resolving powerascompared
with
central illumination. The drawing on the
right hand side illustrates the oblique illumination system.
The cross-hatched
area
represents the cone
of
light.
c
C:
Optical axis
Cd: Condenser
Ob:
Objective~
r:
Iris diaphragm
CD
Resolving
power
increases in this
direction.
®
Resol'Ving
power
decreasesinthis
direction.
~s
•
.-----
---.
2.
Procedure
1)
Stop down the aperture iris diaphragm.
2) Loosen
the
clamping
screw and
pull
out
the
aperture diaphragm
with
the slide lever.
The direction
of
diaphragm displacement
shouldbeat right anglestothe
specimen
detailtobe observed.
For example,
jf
it
is
desiredtoidentify
two
parallel details very closetoeach
otherastwo
separate Jines, the aperture diaphragm
is
moved at right anglestothe details.Ifiden·
tificationoftwo
pointsisdesired, the
diaphragm
is
moved paralleltothe straight
line.connecting
the
two
points.
3)
Adjustmentofthe diaphragm slide and
diaphragm diameter
while
looking
through
the eyepiece resolves the
two
linesorpoints
and permits very detailed observation
of
tfie
structure.
3.
ObservationofOverall Area Possible
O
a Article
to
be identified
blique illumination
is
effective
only
when the
S~
Sliding direction of iris
illuminating
lightisdirectedatright
angles
to
the specimen
In order
to
identify
individual specimen details, therefore,itis
necessary
to adapt the directionofdiaphragm displacement perpendicl:llar to
the direction
of
the specimen detailtobe
observed.
Diaphragm
rotation
through 1500is
possible
with
the achromatic!
aplanatic condenser.
Stage
rotation provides
further
possibility
of
directional adaptation.
18
H. eare
for
Storing
Moisture and dust are the most deadly factors to microscopes. Since both
moisture and dust are found in most laboratories, microscopes should
be
kept in containers immediately after
use.
If thisisnot possible. they
should be covered
with
the
vinyl
dust cover provided.
As
for
objectives and eyepieces,itis
best to keep them in desiccators.
Failing this, they should be kept in
cases
containing such desiccants
as
silica gel.
After.the
eyepieces are removed
from
the microscope. the vacant
eyepiece
sleeves
should be covered
with
protective
caps.
By
no means
should a microscope be disassembled
for
repairs.
This
should be left
to
the Olympus repair service.
Microscopes must always be
kept
clean. Fioe dustonparts that cannot
be reached
by
hand should be
blown
or
wiped
offbymeansofan
air
blowerora clean feather.
VI
OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS
A.
Eyepieces
(P,
WF,K)x
Objectives
(Ach,
FI,
Plan)
S
N~
Acnromlli(
Fluorite Plan AchromatIC
IMgnil'catiOfl
0,
'0,
00,
""',
'0,
'00,
0,
'''''
"'"
"'"
,."
Numerical Aoe.tu.<l IN.A.
0.10
0.25 0.65 0.30
0.75
o.JO
0.10
0.25
0.'0
0.65 0.25
WOo'~ing
Olst.nao
ImmJ
19.81
'.'0
0."
0.11
0.49
0.10
5.50
1.18
0.18
.22
0.14
,_
Focal LMgth
29.'"
15.98
4.31
1.81
0.29
0..,
31.31 11.45 8.11
..,8
,
65
P7,
Tot"
Magn,locltOOft
28,
'''''
""'"
"""
""'"
""'"
,.,.
7""
,
"'"
""'"
700.
rFiHl
num·
Depth01Foo;on
III I
"".7
"'.8
,
.•
0.8
"
0.8
7JO.7
"-8
",
"
0.'
bIIr
T8.51
Fl<lldolV_lmml
0.8
'.85
0.'"
0.185
0.0.,
0.185 0.83
,.as
0.926
.'"
O.Ies
WF
'''''
Tot..MlgnofQ1iQr'l
"'"
"'''''
""'"
""'"
""'"
,
....
....
"'''''
""'"
""'"
,
....
118.01
o.>thofFocus
III
I 114.1
77.9
,.,
.7
>s
0.7 114.1
27.'
•.
,
"
0.7
neld
of
Vlew \
......
,
•••
La
0."
."
OA5
0.18
•••
La
0.'
0
..
•
'S
PIS..
Total
~ilicatlon
"'"
,
"'"
""'"
"'''''
800<
,
....
"'"
,
"'"
""'"
800<
,
....
111.51
()eclth
01
foeus
1.JI1
131.4
21.0
2.-
0.'
'0
~:~?31.4
21.0
7.'
,.
0
.•
FieldofVIaw
lmml
2.38 0.95 0.238
0
....
0.238
o.
2.38
0.85
0.416
0238
000'
'''',
TOtal
tugnifiQtion
"""
""'"
""'"
""'"
""""
""'"
"""
""'"
""'"
""'"
""'"
\1.51
DepthojFucu.
II'
l 109.8 11.0
7.'
0.'
0.7
0.'
100.8
11.8
8.0
7.'
••
F~k1Qf
View
Imml
,.'"
0.15
0.188 0.015 0.188 0.Q75 1.88
0.75
0.316 0.188
0,075
• •
~e
Name
Plan AchromaTic ApochromaTic
Eyepiece
Magnification 1.3x
2x
4(),(
dry
40x
oil
P7x
Total
MagnificaTion 9.1x
14"
200x
280"
(18.51
Depth
of
Focus
(p)
2485 909 2.7
2.25
Field
of
View
(mm) 14.2 9.25
0.463
0.463
WF
lOx
TOlal Magnification
'3x
20x
400x 400x
118.0)
Depth
of
Focus 1p J 1829.7 698.6
2.1
1.8
FieldofView
(mm) 13.8 9.0 0.65
0.65
K
20"
TOlal Magnification 26x
40x 800x
OOOx
(7.5)
Depth
of
Focus
II'
) 1150
435 1.37 1.09
Field
of
View
lmm)
5.77 3.75
0.188
0.188
P15x
Total
Magnification 19.5x
30x 600x 600x
(9.5)
Depth
of
Focus
(p
) 1370
519 1.65
1.29
Field
of
View
(mm)
7.3
4.75 0.238 0.238
B
Eyepieces(PWF
K)xObjectives
(Plan
Ach,
Apo)
C.
Eyepiece
(SW
10x)xObjectives
(Plan
Achromatic)
Objective
N.me
Plan
Achromatic
Eyepiece Magnification
4x
lOx
20x
'Ox l00x
SW
lOx
Total
Magnification 'Ox l00x 200x
400x
l000x
DepthofFocus
(p)
174.7 27.9 9.3
3.1
0.7
(26.5)
Field
of
View
(mm)
6.6
2.65 1.33
0.67
0.26
19
MEMO
20
'----------------------------------'Prmte
In
Japan 7
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