Olympus BH2 BHT User manual

OLYMPUS SYSTEM MICROSCOPE

Model

BHT

OLYMPUS

This instruction manual has been written for the use of the Olympus System Microscope Model

BHT.

It is recommended that you read the manual carefully in order to familiarize yourself fully

with the use of the microscope, so that you can obtain optimum performance from it.

IMPORTANT

0

bserve the following points carefully:

Operation

Always handle the microscope with the care it deserves, and avoid abrupt motions.

1.

Avoid the use and maintenance of the microscope in direct sunlight, high temperature and

2.

humidity, dust and vibration.

3.

Only use the tension adjustment ring for altering the tension of the coarse adjustment

knobs. (Do not twist the two coarse adjustment knobs in opposite directions simultaneously, as this will cause damage.)

4.

Make sure that the voltage selector switch on the base plate is set to conform with the local

mains voltage.

Make it a point of grounding the microscope to prevent electric accidents.

5.

Maintenance

1.

Lenses must always be kept clean. Carefully wlpe off oil or fingerprints deposited on the

a

lens surfaces with gauze moistened with

Do not use organic solutions to wipe the surfaces of various components. Plastic parts,

2.

especially, should be cleaned with neutral detergent.

3.

Never disassemble the microscope for repair. Only authorized Olympus service personnel should make repairs.

The microscope should be covered with the vinyl dust cover provided and stored in a place

4.

free from humidity and fungi. For extended storage it is recommended to keep objectives and eyepieces in desiccators, containing desiccants such as silica gel.

small amount

of

xylene, alcohol or ether.

NOMENCLATURE

The Model BHT consists

A

photo below.

requirements.

Revolving

Objective

wide variety of combinations, standard or optional, is available according to your

of

various components and interchangeable accessories as shown in the

Observation tube

Microscope stand

"I

Stage

Condenser

Base

Halogen lamp

holder

-

Ill.

ASSEMBLY

This picture illustrates the sequential procedure of assembly. The numbers indicate the order of assembly of various components. Remove dust caps before mounting components. Take care to keep all glass surfaces clean, and avoid scratching the glass surface.

NOTE:

For numbers

O

@

and 0 please refer to explanations in detail on the next page.

Eyepiece

Condenser clamping screw

Condenser

(The

N.A.

should

scale

face

engraved on the con-

denser

microscope front.)

the

Microscope stand

Halogen bulb

Line cord

0

Outlet

Explanations in detail

@

Mounting the stage

1)

Loosen the stage clamping screw @ by

rotating counterclockwise. (Fig.

2)

Insert the stage into the mounting dovetail of the microscope stand slowly and lock with clamping screw.

@

Mounting the revolving nosepiece

1)

L-oosen the nosepiece clamping screw

(Fig.

2)

Aligning the nosepiece dovetail slide to

@

,

the mounting block piece slowly all the way.

NOTE:

Do not tilt or rock the nosepiece while inserting into the mounting block.

push in the nose-

1)

a.

Fig.

1

@

Mounting the observation tube

1)

Loosen the clamping knob @ fully. Pull spring-loaded clamping knob will cause the locating pin

3)

(Fig. screw further until the pin withdraws.

2)

With clamping knob @ pulled out, insert

the circular dovetail of the observation tube into the ring dovetail.

3)

Tighten the clamping knob.

If the pin does not, loosen the

@

.

This

to withdraw.

Fig.

3

IDENTIFICATION AND FUNCTION OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS

IV.

Specimen holder

Stage clamprng screw

Loosen the screw and

the stage can be rotated

Aperture ~ris diaphragm ring

Light path selector knob

Tension adjustment ring

Clockwise rotation increases coarse adjustment tension.

Coarse adjustment knob

/

Coarse adjustment

range 26mm

Condenser centering knobs

Y-axis low drive control

Y

excursion range

Voltmeter

knob

50mm

/

Fine adjustment knob

Graduated in increments

/

Slidinq voltaqe control lever

Voltage lowers pulled toward the microscope front.

as

the lever is

Photo tube

Condenser height adjustment knob

Pre-focusing lever

adjustment

L~ne cord

7

Arrow mark increase

Filter mount

6

+O

in

diaphragm diameter.

indicates

Summary of Putting

the

Microscope into Operation

Match the voltage selector switch to local mains voltage (page Switch on the light source (page Place a specimen slide on the mechanical stage (page Coarse focus with the Make interpupillary distance and diopter adjustments (page Adjust the condenser position (page Swing in the desired objective. Adjust light intensity. Fine focus. Adjust aperture iris diaphragm and field iris diaphragm (page

1

OX

9).

objective (page

12).

10.

9).

13).

9).

11).

12).

Adjustment of Illumination System for Various Objective Powers

I

Objective

1

magnification

1

Achromatic-

condenser B H2-AAC

condenser

BH2-CD

Abbe

Condenser

Swing-out condenser

BH2-SC

Model

Low power

condenser

BH2-UL-C

BHT

1

Compatible

*N.A.

is somewhat low, but st111 compatible with

(Cut off this page at dotted line and put it on the wall near the microscope for

scopic procedure.)

Swing in top

a

100X

lens

objective.

OLYMPUS

use

as a reminder

of

micro-

V.

OPERATION

A. Switching on the Light Source

1)

Ascertain that the voltage selector switch

is set to conform with the local mains volt-

age. (Fig.

If the switch is not correctly set, adjust it by means of the Allen wrench provided or a

screwdriver.

2) Place the sliding voltage control lever on the

right side of the microscope base to tion closest to you (low voltage position). Switch on the light source. (Fig. 4)

4)

a

@

posi-

I

-

Fig. 4

Voltage Adjustment and Light Intensity As you push the control levera in the direc-

tion of the arrow in order to obtain increas-

ing intensity (Fig. will display the lamp voltage.

Placement of a Specimen Slide

B.

1)

Rotate the coarse adjustment knobs in the direction of the arrow to rack down the stage so that a specimen slide can be placed on the stage. (Fig.

NOTE:

2)

Opening the spring-loaded finger of the specimen holder with one hand, place a specimen slide inside the holder. (Fig. 7) When the slide comes in contact with the back of the specimen holder, slowly return the spring-loaded finger.

WARNING:

The rotation of the coarse and fine adjustment knobs in the direction of the arrow will rack down the stage.

5),

the

LED

readout

6)

If

the spring-loaded finger is

returned quickly, it may cause

damage to the specimen slide.

1

@

Fig.

5

6

Fig. 7

I

Cover Glass

An Olympus objective engraved "160/0.17" requires a cover glass of 0.17mm thickness.

If the numerical aperture of the objective is 0.7 or higher (except immersion objectives) and no correction collar is provided, the resolving power deteriorates to a great extent if cover glass thickness deviates from the above listed value.

IVOTE: In some countries a 0.17mm cover glass corresponds to a designation of #I%. A cover glass (0.4mm thick) for blood counting, etc. can be used with Olympus objectives

except

1

Specimen Slide

I

D

Plan 40X, S Plan Apo 40X and S Plan 100X.

(

Specimen slides 0.8 mm to recommended for Olympus objectives.

Specimen slides 0.8 mm to recommended for the darkfield condenser and the differential interference contrast condenser.

3)

Bring the portion of the specimen for observation into the light path by means of the

low drive control knobs. (Fig.

*

Tighten the stage clamping screw @ in the

microscope front.

1

stage

1

The specimen holder can accommodate two standard specimen slides simultaneously.

The specimen holder is removable to obtain a large unobstructed stage surface to hold specimens up to

To rotate the stage loosen the stage clamping

@

screw stage into the desired direciton. (Fig.

Q

Stage clips for use with immersion objectives.

(Fig. 10) A

pair of stage clips are optionally available to hold the specimen on the stage, eliminating a specimen drag caused by immersion oil between slide and stage surface. The clips can be inserted into the holes on the specimen holder.

55

mm x 85 rnm.

and holding this screw, rotate the

1.5

mm thick are

1.2

mm thick are

8)

@

9)

provided

Fig.

9

Fig.

10

Observation Tube lnterpupillary Distance Adjustment

1)

Click the 10X objective into position.

2) Looking through the eyepieces with both eyes, adjust the interpupillary distance of the binocular tube by adjusting the

@

knurled dovetail slides left eyepiece tubes with both hands until

perfect binocular vision is obtained. (Fig.

11)

Diopter Adjustment

1)

Look at the image through the right eyepiece with your right eye and focus on the specimen with the fine adjustment

knobs.

2) Next, look at the image through the left

eyepiece with your left eye and rotate the diopter adjustment ring the specimen without using the coarse and fine adjustment knobs.

Light Path Selection

1)

The trinocular tube is provided with a

light path selector knob to direct the light to the observation tube andlor to the photo tube in 3 positions. (Fig.

of the right and

@

to focus on

(Fig.

12)

13)

Fig. 12

Fig. 13

I

Pushed in all the way

(V)

/

1

Application

The indicator plate is provided at the knob port to summarize the usage of the above

table; it can be consulted before operating the knob.

The colors of the letters correspond with the color bands on the knob shaft.

100% into binocular tube

@

Observation

@

Dark specimens

V:

Viewer (white letter)

&

CV: Camera

C: Camera (red letter)

viewer (yellow-green letters)

Knob Position

Pulled out halfway

(C. V.)

20% into binocular tube

80% into ~hoto tube

Photomicrography (fo-

Pulled out all the way

(C)

1

into

photo

tube

1

I

D.

Condenser Adjustment

1.

Condenser Centration

1)

Stop down the field iris diaphragm with

knurled ring

tion of the arrow.

2)

Use the condenser height adjustment

knob

@

down until an image of the field diaphragm can be seen clearly in the eyepieces. The rotation of the knob in the direction of the arrow lowers the condenser.

Field iris diaphragm image Field of view

@

to move the condenser up and

,

by rotating in the direc-

(Fig.

14)

-7g+('J

Fig. 15

3)

Bring the field iris diaphragm image into the center of the field of view with the two con-

denser centering knobs

4)

Widen the diameter of the iris diaphragm progressively. If the polygonal image of the iris

diaphragm becomes inscribed in the field it means that the field diaphragm (Fig. 15)

@.

(Fig. 14)

is

centered.

Field Iris Diaphragm

The field iris diaphragm controls the diameter of the ray bundle impining on the speci-

is

men surface and therefore, by stopping down the field diaphragm until it

larger than the field of view, it can reduce stray light, which in turn increases image defi-

nition and contrast.

In order to achieve optimum objective performance, the opening of the aperture iris diaphragm should be matched to the numerical aperture of the objective in use. It is often preferable, however, to stop down the aperture diaphragm slightly more than indicated by the objective N.A. This will result in better image contrast, increased depth of focus and a flatter field.

After completing focus adjustment, remove one of the eyepieces from the observation tube and look into the empty eyepiece tube. As you stop down the aperture iris diaphragm, the image of the iris diaphragm can be seen in the objective pupil. Adjust the opening of the

diaphragm to match the N.A. of the objective in use. If the specimen is low in contrast, it is recommended to stop down

70%

--

80%

to

16)

of the objective

N.A.

Opening of the aperture diaphragm

Objective exit pupil

(Fig.

I

Fig. 16

slightly

Focus Adjustment

Tension

Fine Adjustment.

Although the tension of the coarse adjust-

ment knobs has been already adjusted for

optimum performance by the manufacturer,

it is possible to personally adjust the tension

of the coarse adjustment for either heavy or

light movement depending on the operator's preference by rotating the tension adjustment ring The ring can be rotated by inserting a screwdriver into one of the holes on the periphery of the ring. The clockwise rotation (in the direction of the arrow) tightens the coarse adjustment knobs. Do not loosen the ring too much, because the stage may drop or the fine adjustment knobs may slip.

NOTE: Do not rotate the right and left coarse adjustment knobs in the opposite directions

I

Use of Rubber Cap for Fine Adjustment Knob

of

Coarse Adjustment Knobs and

'3

'i

la

rr

Fig.

@.

(Fig.

17)

simultaneously. If the stage drops and the specimen goes out of focus, the tension adjustment ring is too loose. Tighten the ring.

I

Attaching this cap over the fine adjustment knob increases the sensitivity of the fine focusing motion. (The rubber cap is optionally available.)

17

-b

2.

Pre-Focusing Lever

@

This lever

contact between specimen and objective as well as to simplify coarse focusing. (Fig. The lever is locked after coarse focus has

been accomplished. This prevents further

upward travel of the stage by means of the

coarse adjustment knobs, and automatically

provides a limiting stop if thestage is lowered

and then raised again. The pre-focusing lever does not restrict fine focusing.

3.

Adjustment

In addition to the vertical movement of the

stage by means of coarse and fine adjust-

ments, the stage block height can be changed for observation of specimens 'which are thlcker than standard slides, e.g. chambers,

flasks, etc. with much larger thickness.

The stage block height can be adjusted by

loosening the stage block locking screw

with the Allen wrench provided and retightening it at the upper position. Then, dislocate the

lower limit stop pin beneath the stage block into a lower tapped hole. After lowering the stage block, reclamp the stage block locking screw

is provided to prevent possible

of

Stage Block Height

18)

@

a.

(Fig.

19)

Fig.

10

19

F.

Use of Immersion Objectives

1)

Focus the specimen with a low power objective.

2)

Put a drop of immersion oil on the specimen slide and the front lens of the immersion

objective.

3) Turn the revolving nosepiece to bring the immersion objective into the light path, and focus with the fine adjustment knobs.

NOTE:

G.

Photomicrography

The Olympus Photomicrographic Equipment Model PM-IOAD is uniquely qualified to be used with the BHT microscope for routine and advanced photomicrography. A separate, detailed instruction manual

For quick reference, however, you may want to refer to the following pointers when using

the PM-IOAD.

1.

Photographic Eyepiece

Use

graphy.

Insert the eyepiece into the eyepiece tube of

the photo tube. (Fig.

@

For immersion condensers such as an achromatic-aplanatic condenser or Abbe condenser, remove the specimen from the mechanical stage and place a drop of

immersion oil on the front lens of the condenser. Then, place the specimen on the stage and slowly raise the condenser until firm contact with the underside of the specimen slide

@Care should be taken to prevent oil bubbles from forming in the oil

condenser and specimen slide. If any, re-apply immersion oil, for these bubbles greatly deteriorate the lens performance.

@After use carefully wipe off the immersion oil deposited on the lens surfaces

with gauze moistened with xylene. Never leave oil on the lens surfacesafter use as oil remnants will seriously impair the performance of the lens system.

NF

K

photo eyepieces for photomicro-

is

made.

is

available for the PM-TOAD camera system.

film

20)

between

2.

Mounting the Photographic Unit Slip the body of the photographic unit over the photo tube. Align the dots on photo tube and the PM-1 OAD body and clamp the camera unit

to the photo tube. (Fig.

3.

Setting the Light Path Selector

Refer to section C.3. on page

21)

11.

Fig.

20

21

4.

Focusing Procedure Use the field of view eyepieces for focusing on the fi Im plane. Each field of view eyepiece

has a focusing front lens and a reticle with

by a specific power NFK photo eyepeice. (Fig. The number at each frame indicates the magnification of the photo eyepiece. The i,mage in the field of view eyepiece and the image on the film plane are in focus at the same time. Several type field of view eyepieces are available, according to the film size employed.

4

frames, each frame indicating the area covered

22).

,:f;~l

i')

&.'

- - - -

JJLll

Fig. 22

Field of view eyepiece

Attachment camera

1) Select the field of view eyepiece matching the camera back in use and insert it into the right eyepiece tube of the trinocular tube, aligning locating groove and locating pin.

2)

While looking through the field of view eyepiece, rotate the eyepiece front lens in screw

mount to focus on the double cross lines in the field. For sharp focusing with objectives

4X or lower, the focusing magnifier FT is recommended.

3) Bring the specimen detail to be photographed within the frame corresponding to the power of the NFK eyepiece in use and focus on the specimen with the microscope fine

adjustment knobs. Make sure the light path selector knob on the observation tube is either on the white (V) or yellow-green (CV) band.

4)

It is recommended to tighten the tension adjustment ring considerably to prevent the

stage from dropping during long exposures.

35WH K10X 35 mm Back

PWH KIOX

3%"

x

4%"

Polaroid

Back

4X5WHKlOX

4" x 5"

Sheet Film or

Polaroid Film

Holder

MHWHKIOX 16 mm Bolex

camera

120 Roll Film

Holder

VI.

OPTICAL

DATA

D

Achromat

D

Plan

Ach.

(mm)

W.D.

Focal

length

Eyepiece

WHKlOX

(Field

number

20)

*

Resolving

power

Total

mag.

Focal

depth

.

Field of

(mm)

view

Immersion objectives

0.10

18.2

30.03

(fi)

(PI

3.36

40X 100X 400X

171.6

10X

0.25

7.2

16.9

1.34

27.45

2

40X

0.65

0.6

4.58

0.52

3.0

lOOX*

1.30

0.20

1.91

0.26

0.7 171.6

34.23

4X

0.10

7.03

3.36

1OX

0.25

7.4

17.5

1.34

27.45

40X

0.65

0.27

4.67

0.52

3.0 0.7

10OX1

The resolving power and focal depth are obtained with fully opened aperture diaphragm.

Technical terms:

Working distance: The distance from the cover glass to the nearest point of the

objective.

Numerical aperture: The N.A. represents a performance number which can be com-

pared to the relative aperture (f-number) of a camera lens. The

N.A. values can be used for directly comparing the resolving powers of all types of objectives. The larger the N.A., the higher resolving power.

Resolving power:

The ability of a lens to register small details. The resolving power of a lens is measured by its ability to separate two points.

Focal depth:

The distance between the upper and lower limits of sharpness in the image formed by an optical system. As you stop down the aperture iris diaphragm, the focal depth becomes larger. The

larger the N.A. of an objective the shallower the focal depth.

Field number:

A number that represents the diameter in mm of the image of the field diaphragm that is formed by the lens in front of it.

Field of view diameter: The actual size of the field of view in mm on the object surface.

1.25

0.17

1.75

0.27

VII.

TROUBLESHOOTING

If you are unable to obtain full performance from your microscope, please consult with the

table below as pointers for troubleshooting.

front

Remedy

lenses.

I I

1.

a) With illuminator switched I Field iris diaphragm is not I Open diaphragm to proper

I

b)

Phenomenon

Optical System

on, the field of view is dark.

Field of view is cut off or illuminated irregularly.

pulled out to C position. Light path selector lever is

stopped m idway. Nosepiece is not clicked into

place. Nosepiece is not correctly

1

mounted.

1

The power of objective used exceeds the illumination ca-

pacity of condenser.

1

Condenser is not centered. ( Center condenser. Field iris diaphragm is stopped Open diaphragm to proper

down excessively. diameter.

c) Dust or dirt is visible in Remove dust, etc.

the field of view.

1

Dirty specimen.

I

~ust on eyepiece.

d) Excessive image contrast.

Condenser is lowered too Adjust condenser height. much.

Aperture iris diaphragm is stopped down excessively.

Cause

position. Click it into proper position

according to your purpose. Slightly rotate nosepiece until

it clicks into place.

Insert nosepiece dovetail into

I

microscope frame all the way,

I

then lock. Choose a condenser to meet

your purpose.

'lean

I I

Open diaphragm to proper diameter.

I

1

Phenomenon

e) Resolution problems:

lmage is not sharp. Insufficient contrast. lmage details lack definition.

f)

Field of view is partially

out of focus, or image is

partly out of focus.

g) Specimen image is partial-

ly out of focus.

h) Field of view becomes

only slightly brighter by

increasing voltage.

Cause

Non Olympus objectives are used.

positioned in the light path.

I

Objective correction collar is I Rotate correction collar, keep-

I

not adjusted.

I

used with immersion oil. Bubbles in immersion oil.

Immersion oil designated by

1

Olympus is not used.

Dirty specimens. Dust on condenser lens. Nosepiece is not correctly

1

mounted.

1

Objective is not correctly

positioned in the light path. Specimen is not correctly

positioned on stage.

Nosepiece is not correctly mounted.

Objective is not correctly

positioned in the light path. Condenser is not centered. Condenser is not correctly

centered. Condenser is lowered too

Use Olympus

tives.

microscope frame all the way,

1

ing specimen in fine focus until optimum resolution is

1

Remove bubbles (and reapply oil).

Use Olympus immersion oil.

1

Clean.

lnsert nosepiece dovetail into

(

microscope frame all the way,

1

then lock. Slightly rotate nosepiece until

it clicks in place. Place specimen slide correctly

on stage, and place stage clips open it.

lnsert nosepiece dovetail into microscope frame all the way, then lock.

Slightly rotate nosepiece until it clicks into place.

Center condenser. Center condenser.

Adjust condenser height.

Remedy

LB

series objec-

1

2.

Electric System

I

a) Illuminator

(or too dark) even when I is not matched with local

I

b) Voltage for illuminator

cannot be raised.

is

too bright I Line voltage selector switch

mains voltage

Match selector switch to mains voltage.

I

1

C)

d) Bulb burns out frequently.

1

3.

a) Coarse adjustment knob is

b)

C) Stage cannot be raised to

d) Stage cannot be lowered

e) Objective front lens hits

1

4.

a) l ncomplete binocular vi-

Phenomenon

Lamp &off and

on

1

I

r

Coarse and Fine Adjustments

too tight.

Stage drops or specimen goes out of focus during observation due to slipping fine adjustment knobs.

the upper limit.

to the lower limit.

specimen before coming

into focus.

Observation Tubes

sion.

1

I

Cause

Bulb filament is likely to / Replacebulb. burn out.

Loose electric connections. I Check all connections.

Line voltage selector switch is not matched with local mains mains voltage. voltage.

Bulb is not standard one.

Tension adjustment ring is tightened too much.

User is trying to raise stage above the focusing limit imposed by the engaged prefocusing lever.

Tension adjustment ring is too loose.

Pre-focusing lever is engaged in lower than focusing position.

Stage is mounted too low.

1 I I

I

Specimen is placed on stage upside down.

l nterpupillary distance is not correctly adjusted.

Diopter adjustment is incom- I Complete the diopter adjustplete.

Right and left eyepieces are not matched.

User is unaccustomed to binocular vision.

I

1

1 1 1

1

5.

Stage

a) l mage easily goes out of

focus when you touch the stage.

b)

Specimen stops midway

on the east-west traverse. I sitioned.

1

Stage is not correctly locked.

Specimen is not correctly po- Adjust specimen position.

1

Remedv

Match selector switch to

Use standard bulb.

Loosen ring properly.

Unlock lever.

Tighten ring properly.

Unlock lever.

Raise stage mount with Allen

wrench.

Reverse specimen

Correct the interpupillary distance.

ment. Use a pair of matched eye-

pieces. Prior to looking into the bi-

nocular observation tube, look at a far away obiect.

Clamp stage securely.

-

1

I 1

1

I

1

I

SAN-El BUILDING,

1

-CHOME,

SHINJUKU-KU,

22-2,

NlSHlSHlNJUKU

TOKYO,

JAPAN

Olympus BH2 BHT User manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

CONTENTS

NOMENCLATURE

ASSEMBLY

IDENTIFICATION AND FUNCTION OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS

Adjustment of Illumination System for Various Objective Powers

OPERATION

Placement of a Specimen Slide

Condenser Adjustment

Focus Adjustment

Use of Immersion Objectives

Photomicrography

TROUBLESHOOTING