Olicom CrossFire 8730 Reference Manual

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Page 1

CrossFireTM 8730

Fast Ethernet

Translation Switch

DOC-7047/1.1

Reference Guide

Page 2

Page 3

CrossFireTM 8730

Fast Ethernet Translation Switch

Reference Guide

Page 4

Trademarks

GoCard and the Olicom cla s ped hands log o ar e registered trademarks of Olicom A/S. Ce ll D river, ClearServer, ClearSession, ClearSight, CrossFire, LANscout, PowerMACH, RapidFire and RapidLAN are trad emarks of Ol icom A/S. ClearCare, C learPartn er , ClearStep and ExpertWatch are s ervice marks of Olicom A /S. Olicom is a registered trademark. Oth e r brand and product names are trademarks, register ed trademarks, service marks or registered service marks of their respect ive holders.

Copyrights

Olicom A/S reserves the rig ht to modify t he informa ti on given in t his publication wit hout pri or notice. The war ranty te rms and conditions applicable fo r your purchase of this equipment are given at t he time of purchas e. Please cons ult your place of purchas e for detail s .

Publi cation: DO C-7047 v. 1.1

transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

. No part of this publication may be r eproduce d, stored in a ret rieval system, or

Denmark, March 1999

FCC Compliance

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FC C Rul es. Thes e limi ts a re desi gned t o pro vide r easonab le protect ion ag ai nst har mful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate rad io frequency energy and, if not inst alle d and used in accordance with the instruct ion manual, may cause harmf ul interfe rence to radio communications. Operation of this equipmen t i n a r es idential ar ea is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user w ill be required to correct the interfe rence at his own expense.

Warning:

interfer ence in which case the user may be requi red to take adequate measures. This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two

condit ions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interfere nce, and (2) this device must accept any interfe r ence received, including interference that may caus e undesired operation.

This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio

Declaration of Conformity

We Olicom A /S

Nybrovej 114 DK-280 0 Lyngby Denmark

declar e under our sole responsibility that the product

CrossFi re 8730 Fast Ethernet Tr anslat ion Switch to which this declaration relates are in conformity with the following standards or other normative documents

EN 50082-1

EN 55022

EN 60950 including Amendments

EN 60825-1 following the pro visions of 89/336/EEC D irective and 73/23/EEC Directive.

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1

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iii

Modifications

If the device i s changed or modifi ed w ithout the express approval of Olicom A/S the user may void his or her authority to operate the equipment.

Safety N otic e s

➽

➽ ➽

➽

Danger:

maint enance, or reconfiguring of the Cross Fire 8730 Fast Ethernet Translation Switch during an electrical storm.

Danger:

the outlet before detaching the pow er cord from the CrossFire 8730 Fast Ethernet Trans lation Swi tch.

Danger: Danger:

recept acle. Any equipment to which the CrossF ire 8730 Fast Ethernet Translation Swi tch will be attach ed must also be connected to pr operly wired and earthed receptacles.

To avoid sho ck hazard, do not connect or di s connect any cables or perfor m installa tion,

To avoid the possibility of electrical shock, switch power off and unplug the power cord from

Do not open the CrossFire 8730 Fas t Ethernet Translat ion Switch. Dangerous voltages inside.

To avoid sho ck hazard the power cord must be connected to a properly wired a nd ear thed

Caution:

Obser ve the following power cable considerations before you begin instal lation of the CrossFire 8730 Fast Ethernet Translation Switch.

1. The socket outlet shal l be installed near the equipment and shall be easily accessible.

2. To prevent electrical shock, the power cord set used must comply with national regulations. 2a. The female receptacle of th e cord must meet CEE- 22 r equirements . 2b. The cord must be UL liste d, CSA lab elle d , and cons ist of thre e condu cto rs with a maxi mum

of 15 fee t i n length. Type SVT or SJ T cord sets s hall be used for units which stand on a desk or table. T ype SJT cord sets shall be us ed f or units which stand on floor.

➽

2c. The male plug for units operating at 115 VA C shall consi s t of a parallel bl ade, grounding

type attachment plug rated 15 A, 125 VAC. The male plug for units op erating at 230 VA C s hall consist of a tandem blade , grounding type attachment plug rated 15 A, 250 VAC. The male plug for units op erating at 230 VA C (outside of the United States and Canada) s hall consis t of a grounding type attachment plug r a ted 15 A, 250 VAC and have the ap propriate safety approvals for the country in w hich the equi pment will be installed.

Caution:

to avoi d dropping i t on the floor or any equipment beneath i t in the rack. T he C rossFire 8730 Fast Ethernet Translation Swit ch unit weighs approximately 9. 5 kg ( 20.9 lbs).

Warning:

loca l area ne t w o r king (L A N ) .

Support the CrossFire 8730 Fast Ethernet Translation Switch while you are installing the unit

All RJ45 connectors must only be connected to safety extra low voltage (SELV) circuits like

CrossFire 8 730 Switch Ref erenc e Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1

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CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1

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Table of Contents

1. Introduction 1

About the CrossFire 8730 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Translation from Token-Ring to Fast Ethernet . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Isolated Ethernet Segments or Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Application Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Benefits of the CrossFire 8730 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2. Switch Overview 15

How the CrossFire 8730 Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Multiple Simultaneous Conversati ons . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Address Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Multiple Bridging Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Filtering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Congestion Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Three Switching Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Fast Ethernet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2

Fast Ethernet Ports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2

Fast Ethernet Port Operation Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Fast Ethernet Bridging Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Redundant Connections to Fast Ethernet Network . . . . . 25

Network Scenarios—Preventing Frame Duplication and

Looping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Spanning Tree Configuration for Fast Ethernet . . . . . . . 28

Technical Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0

Token-Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Token-Ring Port Operation Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2

RI/RO-Like Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Transmission Priority Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3

CrossLink Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Spanning Tree Protocol Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

VLAN Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5

Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Switch Manager for HP OpenView for Windows . . . . . . . 38

IBM LAN Network Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

RMON Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Built-in Port Counters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Stackable Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Optional Redundant Power Supply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

CrossFire 8 730 Switch Ref erenc e Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1

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3. Switch Configura tion 41

General Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Navigating within the Menus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Main Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Configuration... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Statistics.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Download/Upload... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Reset... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Exit Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Configuration Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Configuration Overview for the Fast Ethernet Ports. . . . . .45

Switch Configuration Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

Stack Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

Module Information Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

VLAN Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

VLAN Configuration Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

VLAN Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

VLAN Parameter Configuration for TrCRF Screen . . . . . . 55

VLAN Par a met e r Configura tion fo r T r BRF S cree n . . . . . .57

Local VLAN Port Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . . .59

IP Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

BootP Requests and Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

SNMP Configuration Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

Spanning Tree Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Proto col (STP) . . . . . . . . .64

Spanning Tree for TrBRF Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

Spanning Tree for TrCRF Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

Port Spanning Tree Parameters Screen. . . . . . . . . . . .70

Current Spanning Tree Information Screen . . . . . . . . . .71

Port Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

Token-Ring Port Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

Fast Ethernet Port Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

Virtual Port Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

Virtual Port Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

Frame Conversion Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81

Frame Conversion Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . .81

IP Frames Conversion Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

Novell Conversion Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . .85

NetBios Conversion Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . .87

SNA Conversion Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . . .89

Other w SNAP Conversion Configuration Screen . . . . . . .91

Other w/o SNAP Conversion Configuration Screen . . . . . .93

Dual Home FEP Addresses Configuration Screen . . . . . .95

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1

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Switched Port Analyzer Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

CrossLink. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

CrossLink Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8

CrossLink Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Setting up a CrossLink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 0

Current CrossLink Information Screen . . . . . . . . . . . .101

Address Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102

Filters and Port Security Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103

Configure Filters Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104

Configure Port Security Mode Screen . . . . . . . . . . . .106

View Port Filters Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 7

Protocol Filters Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108

Protocol Class Assignment Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . .109

Port Filtering Attributes Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110

Address Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Address Aging Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113

Port Address Table Aging Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114

Master Address Table Aging Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . .115

Password Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116

Console/Telnet Sessions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117

Console Configuration Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117

Serial Link Configuration Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118

Creating a Console Session Using a Modem . . . . . . . .119

Stopping the Console Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119

Telnet Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120

Telnet Sessions Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121

Starting the Telnet Session. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122

Stopping the Telnet Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122

Involuntary Termination of the Telnet Session . . . . . . . .122

Syslog Daemon Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Download/Upload Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 5

Serial Link Download Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126

TFTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127

TFTP Download/Upload Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127

Reset Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130

4. Monitoring the Network from the Statistics Menu 133

Statistics Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134

Switch Statistics Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135

Power Supply Information Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 7

Port Status Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138

Port Statistics Menu for Token-Ring Ports . . . . . . . . . .140

Port Stati s tics Menu fo r Fas t Ether n e t Port s . . . . . . . . .141

CrossFire 8 730 Switch Ref erenc e Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1

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General Statistics Screen for Token-Ring Ports. . . . . . . 142

General Statistics Screen for Fast Ethernet Ports. . . . . . 145

Discarded Frames Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Discarded Inbound Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Discarded Outbound Fram es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

802.5 Statistics Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

802.5 State Information Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

802.5 DTR MAC Information Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

TXI Information Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Station-CPort Information Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

802.3 Statistics Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Virtual Port Statistics Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Discarded Frames Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Inbound Discarded Frames Statistics - No Translation . . . 162 Inbound Discarded Frame Statistics - Translation Errors . . 163 Outbound Discarded Frame Statistics - No Translation . . . 163 Outbound Discarded Frame Statistics - Translation Errors . 164

Address Tables Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Master Address Table Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Master Route Descriptor Table Screen . . . . . . . . . . . 168

VLAN Address Table screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

VLAN Route Descriptor Table Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Locate MAC Address Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

Current Spanning Tree Information Screen . . . . . . . . . 173

Current Spanning Tree Information for a TrCRF Screen . . 176

VLAN Statistics Screen for TrCRF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

VLAN Statistics Screen for TrBRF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Diagnostic Test Results Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Message Log Information Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

Display Summary Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

5. Monitor ing the Network with S NMP 185

SNMP Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

IP Configuration Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

SNMP Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

SNMP Configuration Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Community Strings Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Trap Receivers Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

List of Supported Traps from a Switch. . . . . . . . . . . . 190

6. Monitoring Port Traffic 195

Switched Port Analyzer Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1

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7. Getting in Touch with Technical Support 197

Before You Contact Olicom Technical Support . . . . . . . . . 197

Hotline Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 7

Fax Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198

Internet E-Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198

Anonymous Internet FTP Server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198

Internet World Wide Web Server (WWW) . . . . . . . . . . . .198

Olicom Support WEB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199

Problem Report Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200

Appendix A. Abbreviations 203

CrossFire 8 730 Switch Ref erenc e Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1

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List of Figures

Figure 1. CrossFire 8730 Fast Ethernet Translation Switch . . . . . 1

Figure 2. Translation Strategy: Fast Ethernet Ports Operating as 400

Mbps CRF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Figure 3. Integrating Ethernet and Token-Ring Networks Using a

CrossFire 8730 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Figure 4. Multiple Conversations Through a CrossFire 8730 . . . . . 16

Figure 5. Typical Configuration with Switches Using Multiple Bridging

Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Figure 6. Source Route Transparent Bridging (SRT) Mode. . . . . . 24

Figure 7. Source Route Bridging (SRB) Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Figure 8. Preventing Frame Duplication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Figure 9. Frame Looping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Figure 10. Preventing Frame Looping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Figure 11. S pannin g Tree Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Figure 12. Two Separat e Ethernet Clouds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Figure 13. STP BPDU Cost Modification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Figure 14. A Switch Configured with Two VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Figure 15. Switch with Four VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Figure 16. Setting up CrossLinks for Token-Ring Ports . . . . . . . . 97

List of Tables

Table 1. Translational Switching Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Table 2. Benefits of the Multiple Bridging Modes . . . . . . . . . . 5

Table 3. Benefits of Token-Ring Port Operation Modes . . . . . . . 6

Table 4. Benefit of Ethernet Port Operation Modes . . . . . . . . . 7

Table 5. Benefits of the Switching Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Table 6. Spanning Tree Protocol Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Table 7. Management Bene fits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Table 8. Network Monitoring Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Table 9. Filtering Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Table 10. Connectivity Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Table 11. Supported MIBs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Table 12. Modem Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1

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About this Guide

This reference guide contains in f o rmation needed to o per ate th e CrossFireTM 8730 Fast Ethernet Translation Switch. The user of this guide is assumed to be a network technician familiar with the installation and operation of networking equipment.

In addition to this reference guide, the CrossFire 8730 Switch is delivered with the

CrossFire 8730 Fast Ethernet Translation Switch Installation Guide

as a printed manual and as a pdf file in the package. The installation guide contains information needed to install and get started with the switch.

This reference guide contains the following chapters:

enclosed both

Chapter 1, “Introduction”

and lists features and benefits of the switch.

Chapter 2, “Switch Overview”

network performance and describes the various features supported on the switch.

Chapter 3, “Switch Configuration”

switch using a direct console connection.

Chapter 4, “Monitoring the Network from the Statistics Menu”

to monitor the switch using the

Chapter 5, “Monitoring the Network with SNMP”

switch from a Network Management System using an application that supports Simple Network Management Protocol.

Chapter 6, “Monitoring Port Traffic”

switch using SwitchProbe.

Chapter 7, “Getting in Touch with Technical Support”

services such as hotline support, fax support and the support web, as well as other services such as bulletin board service, FTP server and e-mail.

, discusses translation from Token-Ring to Ethernet

, gives an overview of how the switch improves

, deals with setting up and configuring the

, explains how

Statistics

menu through a direct console connection.

, explains how to monitor the

, explains how to monitor ports on the

, lists Olicom’s support

Appendix A, “Abbreviations”

Document Conventions

The following conventions are used in this guide:

•

HELVETICA NARROW

“Press

•

Items displayed on the screen, such as menus and parameters, are indicated with bold. For example, “Select

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1

ENTER

, lists the abbreviations used in this manual.

indicates keystrokes, as in

to select the item.”

Configuration...

in the main menu.”

❏

Page 14

xii

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1

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1.Introduction

This chapter discusses translation fromToken-Ring to Ethernet on a general level and lists important features and benefits of the CrossFire 8730 Switch.

For information on the specific physical features of the switch, please refer to the

CrossFire 8730 Fast Ethernet Translation Switch Installation Guide.

About the CrossFire 8730

The CrossFire 8730 is a simple and inexpensive solution to the challenge of connecting Token-Ring and Ethernet networks, enabling data to quickly and easily flow between the two architectures - at nearly wire speed.

The CrossFire 8730 translates all Token-Ring packets directly into Fast Ethernet frames. This avoids the limitations of proprietary encapsulation techniques.

The CrossFire 8730 supports translational bridging for the key network protocols SNA, IP, IPX, and NetBios. Moreover, all native Token-Ring features, including source routing and IEEE 802.1Q tagged VLAN are supported as well as all network speeds for both standard Token-Ring (16/4 Mbps) and Ethernet (10/100 Mbps).

Also, the CrossFire 8730 supports four different switching modes to provide maximum flexibility in all installation environments. The switching modes are Source Route Switching (SRS), Source Route Bridging (SRB), Source Route Transparent (SRT) and SRT/SRB.

For more infor matio n o n these features read

Chapter 2, “Switch Overview”

CrossFire8730

STACK-LINK

ATTACH

RXTX

DIAGPWR RSTERRMANAGEMENT

32 54

STATUS FAULT

21-22 25-2622 2625

ACT 100 LINK

876109

ACT 100 LINK

STATUS FAULT

FASTETHERNET

151211 1413 1716 1918 20

FastEthernetTranslationSwitch

ACT 100 LINK

Figure 1. CrossFire 8730 Fas t Ethe rnet T ranslation Switch

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Introduction

Page 16

Translation from Token-Ring to Fast Ethernet

The configur ation options of the CrossFire 8730 Switc h pr ovide for several translation strategies, thereby providing extra flexibility for managers when designing their integrated network. The best option will depend on the cu rrent network and the migration strategy.

This section describes a typical migration strategy and gives an example of an application of the CrossFire 8730.

Isolated Ethernet Segments or Servers

As the sta rting p oint for mig rat ing a br idge d Toke n-Ring ne twork to Fast Ethe rnet, the switch could be set up with the four Fast Et hernet ports conn ec ted to four isolated E thernet segments or Fast Ethernet Attached servers. The CrossFire 8730 Switch will mak e servers and workstations attache d to the Fast Ether n et ports appear to be on a single logical Ethernet segment connected to the Toke n-Ring network through the switch. This configuration will provide a translation bandwidth corresponding to that of four Fast Ethernet ports.

STACK-LINK

ATTACH

RXTX

DIAGPWR RSTERRMANAGEMENT

3254

STATUS FAULT

21-22 25-2622 2625

ACT

100

LINK

FASTETHERNET

876109

STATUS FAULT

151211 1413 17161918 20

ACT

100

LINK

FastEthernet Translation Switch

CrossFire8730

ACT

Token-Ring cloud

Figure 2. Translation Strategy: Fast Ethernet Ports Operating as 400 Mbps

CRF

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Application Example

The CrossFire 8730 Fast Ethernet Translation Switch is ideal for sit uations in which the plan is to connect To ken-Ring cli ents to a Fast Ethernet backbone. It provid es switched Token-Ring ports for legacy users and Fast Ethernet ports to connect to a new Fast Etherne t backbone. Tr anslation be tween Etherne t and TokenRing is perf ormed within the Cross F ire 8730 Switch, making the migration seamless.

The Fast Ethernet backbone can be forme d usi ng se veral CrossFir e 8720 Fast Ethernet Ba ckbone Switches or the CrossFi re 8710 Fast Ethernet Stackabl e Switch. This provides a high-performance Eth erne t backbone, adds Layer 3 and Layer 4 capabi lities to the Ethernet network, and introduces the possibi lities of integrat ing ATM and Gigabit Et hernet.

CrossFire 8730 Fast Ethernet Translation Switch

CrossFire 8720 Fast Ethernet Backbone Switch

CrossFire 8711 Fast Ethernet Workgroup Switch

RapidLan 2800 Fast Ethernet Hub

CrossFire 8710 Fast Ethernet Stackable Switch

RF2410

CrossFire 8710 Fast Ethernet Stackable Switch

Figure 3. Integrating Ethernet and Token-Ring Networks Using a

CrossFir e 8730

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Introduction

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Benefits of the CrossFire 8730

This section looks into the benefits that can be deri ved from the technical featur es of the switch.

Translational Switching

Feature Description Benefit

High-speed translation between Fast Ethernet and Token-Ring

Next-generatio n switch architecture

IEEE 802.1Q tagged VLAN support over the Fast Ethernet li n k

Support for IP multicasting

Translates frames between Token-Ring and Fast Et hernet at nearly line spe ed

Full-featured switching for maximum performance and compatibility

Industry standard that enables fram es belonging to diff erent VLANsto be carried over the same physical link

Transmissions from a single source ca n be delivered to se veral subscribing participants .

Fast and efficie nt integr ation of Token-Ring and Fast Ethernet networks

Segment legacy LAN to improve performance until migration is complete.

Translation to Fast Ethernet

Avoids unnecessary broadcasting to provide an efficient use of bandwidth.

Support for IP fragmentation

NetBios Address Translation

Table 1. Translational Switching Benefits

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Introduction

Provides tight compatibility with IP-based networks

Provides tight compatibility for networks using NetBios

Ensures fast, simple connections between IP, Token-Ring and Ethernet networks

Ensures fast, efficient performance

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Multiple Bridging Modes

Feature Function Benefit

Transparent and Source Route Swit c h ing (S R S )

Source Route Bridging (SRB)

Switchi ng is based on MAC addresses only. Learns MAC addresses and source routing route descriptors of So urce Route Bridge s attached to local switch port s.

The switch ports may be grouped into logical rings. The switch acts as a standar d multiport Source Route Bridg e between logical ri ngs. Non Source Route frames (NSR) are not forwarded outside the logical ring.

Allows easy ins tallati on in environments with no need for Source Route Bridging.

Allows easy ins tallati on in exis ting Token-Ring networks where S our ce Rout e Bridg es are used. Al low s ea s y replacem en t of bridges with switches.

Source Route Transparent Bridging (SRT)

NSR frames are forwarded betw ee n Logical Rings based

Allows the mix of source route and non source rout e protocols

in the n et wo r k. on MAC address. Source Route frames are for w ard ed as by SRB.

SRT/SRB

Combines the SRT and SRB modes.

Allows the use of duplicate

MA C addresses when running in

SRT. Ports with duplicate MAC

addresses are reachable only via

source routing. Duplicate MAC

addresses are typically found in

installations utilizing SNA

gate ways and/or front-ends.

Table 2. Benefi ts of the Multiple Bridging Modes

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Token-Ring Port Operation Modes

Each port can be independently configured to one of the fol lowing operating modes.

Feature Function Benefit

Half-duplex concentrator port

Half-duplex station emulation

Full-duplex concentrator port

Full-duplex station emulation.

Port behaves lik e an active MAU po rt fo r classical T o k en-Ring.

The Token-Ring port is c onnected to a p ort on a M AU.

Connects to a single station in full-duplex.

Connect s to another switch in full-duplex mode.

Connects to a s ingle station in half-duple x mode . Compatibl e with ol d er ad ap t er s .

Connects to classical TokenRing segments with multiple stations in existing installations.

Allows high-performance station and server connection and allows high performance server attachments with up to 97% improvement over a hal f duplex Token-Ring connection.

Allows easy connection between switc hes.

RI/RO-like connection

on Token-Ri ng ports 19 and 20

Allows connection of the RI/RO p or t from a MA U or CAU directly to th e

Enables easy integration into exis ti n g in s t allat io n s .

switch.

Automatic port sensing of operating mode

Au to-c onfiguration

The port senses automatically which mode to operate in.

All Token-Ring and

Makes ins tallation easier and faster.

Easy, plu g and play in stal lati on Ethernet switch ports automatically sense connection speed and duple x mode.

Table 3. Benefits of Token-Ri ng Port Operation Mod es

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Feature Function Benefi t

Congestion control

The size of each port’s output queue

Minim i ze s the effect of

congestion on output ports is monitore d. I n case of congestion the queue size is adjusted through frame priority adjustmen t an d frame purging.

Table 3. Benefits of Token-Ring Port Operation Modes

Fast Ethernet Port Operation Modes

Each port can be independently configured to one of the following operating modes:

Feature Function Benefit

Half-duplex 10 Mbps

Half-duplex 100 Mbps

Full-duplex 10 Mbps

Full-duplex 100 Mbps

Switch-to-switch, switch-toworkstation or switch-to-HUB connection.

Switch-to-switch or switch-toworkstation connection.

Compatibility with older

adapters in half-duplex mode.

Allows high performance

connection in half-dupl ex

mode.

Compatibility with older

adapters in full-duplex mode.

Allows high performance

server or switch connection in

full duplex mode.

Table 4. Benefi t of Ethernet Port Operati on Modes

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Three S wi t chin g M odes

Note th at th e Fas t Eth e r ne t p o rt s al w ay s us e th e

Feature Function Benefit

Cut-Through

for Token-Ring

Switches with minimum and constant latency, app r ox ima tely 35 µs

Store an d Forward

for both Token-Ring and Fast Ethernet.

Each packet is forwarded only after the ent ir e pac ket has been re ce ived by th e switch. Thi s is u s ed for data transfer between L A N segments of different speeds or for LAN segments with a high error rate.

Store and Forwar d

mode.

Lowest possible switch-latency, which means optim al response time for end-users.

Does not propagat e errors to other segments.

Auto

(Adaptive Cut-Through) for Token-Ring.

Cut-through switching that checks for error packets . If a port’s errors exceed a user-defined threshold then the port switches to store and forwar d.

Table 5. Benefit s of the Switching Modes

Same speed as cut-through switching, but with built-in adaptation to errors which means th at bandwidth is effectively preserved

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Spanning Tree Protocol

Feature Function Benefit

IEEE 802.1D

Allows redundant network paths to be defined in both SRB and transparent switching configurations. Enables Spanning Tree to be implemented on both Ethernet and Token-Ring networks, as well as IBM Spanning Tree on the Token-Ring side.

IBM

for Token-Ring only.

When in SRB/SRT mode, a combination of IBM spanning tree a nd IEEE 802.1D is used.

Table 6. Spanning Tree Protocol Benefits

No single point of failure. The duplicate STP modes allow operation in both transparent and source route bridging modes. Easy compa tibil it y wi th existing Ethernet and TokenRing installations

Same as above, and in addition ensures compatibility in IBM SRB installations.

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Management

Feature Function Benefit

SNMP

VLAN support

HP OpenView for Windows

Additional Network Management applications available for Unix platforms:

HP OpenView NNM for HP- UX

and

T ivoli TME 10 NetView for AIX

Can be configured and managed usi ng SNMP management stat ion.

Ensures the av ai labil it y of a high number of switched, port based, VLANs for an enterprise network.

Full Graphical HP OpenView for Windows management application.

Allows integr ation into any SNMP-based management environment.

Eases network-wide administration by enabling ports to be grouped toge th er in a logical way. Provid es performance and security control. Enables effective broadcast control. Improves and simplifies adds, moves, and changes in th e net w ork.

Allows full graphical integra tion into HP OpenView management environments.

Telnet management

VT100 management

Table 7. Management Benefi ts

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Introduction

Allows management from a any LAN stat ion via Telnet.

Allows out-of-band management from an external VT100 type terminal connected directly or via a modem.

Makes management flexible by enabling managem ent from any station.

Enables management of switches in remote locations.

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Network Monitoring

Feature Function Benefit

RMON support

Passive Port Monitoring

Active Port Monitoring

Support for To kenRing spe cif i c r emote mon itor i ng.

All traf fic flo wing on the moni tored p ort is copi ed to th e monitoring port (the monitoring port is a true copy of the monitored port).

All tr affic swi t c h ed to and from the monitored port is also sent to the monitoring port (the order and timing of frames on the monitoring port can be different).

Enab les collection and anal ysis

of enhanced tr affic-

management data.

Eases the m anagement tas k by

making it easy to collect

Toke n- R ing statis t i c s w ith a

special passive network

analyzer.

Eases the m anagement tas k by

making it easy to collect

network s tatis tics and c arry ou t

protocol analysis. Active

monitoring respects the MAC

protocol, allowing the use of a

standard net work analyzer.

Buil t -i n p o rt counters

Many MAC layer, erro r, an d frame forwarding counters are collect ed per port

Port Mirro ri n g

Allows any port to b e used for connect ing a network analyzer. Can then duplicate traffic n any other por t to troubleshoo t attach ed se g ments.

Table 8. Network Monitori ng Benefits

Provides a detailed picture of

port traffic.

Greatly simplifies system

management a nd f acilitat es

collec tion of net work stati stic s.

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Filtering

Feature Function Benefit

MAC address

Allows filtering based on f r am e source and dest inati on MAC addresses.

Logical Link Control (LLC): DSAP/SNAP

Allows filtering based on LLC parameters DSAP (Destination Source Acce ss Point) and SNAP (Subnetwork Access Protocol).

Table 9. Filte ri ng Be nefi ts

Preserves available network bandwidth b y restrict ing traf fic from propagating beyond the needed lim i ts . E n ab le s enhanced network security policies to be establi shed.

Same as ab ov e.

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Connect ivit y Options

Feature Function Benefit

CrossLink highspeed in t e r-s w itch connection for Token-Ring (

up to 256 Mbps using eight ports)

Stackable: 3 possibilities: A. 2 switch stack B. 5 switch stack C. 8 switch stack

Optional redundant power supply

Allows switches to be interconnected usi ng 1- 8 TokenRi ng po rts.

Stack Products Needed: A. 2 x 8630 B. 1 x 8635 and

4 x 8630

C. 1 x 8300 and

8 x 8630

Up to six sw itches can recei ve backup power from one CrossFire 8310 Redundant Power supply, fully equipped with six CrossFire 8311 power sup ply units. (Note that CrossFire 8311 is

not

hot-

swappable.)

Pro v ides easy and s calable switch inter connection.

Allows sev eral switche s to be stacked, accommodating switch scalability up to 160 switched Token-Ring ports and 32 Fast Ethernet ports.

Gives a high degree of resilience to power supply failures when used in critical applications.

Table 10. Connecti vity Benefits

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Introduction

❏

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CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Introduction

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2. Switch Overview

This chapt er explains how the CrossFire 8730 Fast Etherne t Translation Switch improve network performance.

How the CrossFire 8730 Works

The swit ch contains the f o llowing main elements, as listed below:

•

Switchin g Bus—the a rch itect ure of the swit ch cent ers a round the AXIS bus , a 520 Mbps switching fabric through which all switched ports communicate. The AXIS bus is a partially asynchronous time divisi on multiplexed bus used for switching packets between heterogeneous LAN modules.

•

Token-Ring Ports—e ac h port can attach to a classical Token-Ring s egment or to a dedicated s tation. Now users running basic applicat ions are able to sha r e bandwidth, and use r s r unning bandwidth -intensive applic ations can receive their own dedicated 16 Mbps port. Ea ch dedicated port can also be s et up in full-duplex communication mode, so that each 16 Mbps port doubles to 32 Mbps.

•

Fast Etherne t Ports— each port can attach to a 10/100 Mbps Fas t Et hernet network or Fast Ethernet station.

•

Stack Link Module— the switc h support s a stac k lin k module that can be used to connect two switches in a back-to-back configu r ation. Alternatively, up to fiv e switc hes can be c onnected toge ther usi ng and inte rnal sta cker module , and up to eight s witches can be connect ed togethe r using the sta ck link mod ule and an additiona l switch stack unit. By connect ing switches together throug h the stack link modu le, the switches virtually combine to form a single unit, providing scalability, simplified mana gement, and enhanced performance.

Multiple Simultaneous Conversations

A limitation of a shared media LAN is that it supports only one packe t at a time. The CrossFire 8730 improve data throughput by suppor ting multiple, simultaneous, full-duplex conversations. By using High-Speed bus switching technology, the switch creates multiple data paths. These switched connecti ons between LAN segments last only for the duration of a byte transmi ssion. New connections are made “on-the-fly” between di fferent ports on the switch for the next byte.

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Host B

Host A

CrossFire 8730 Switch

Host D

Figure 4. Multiple Conversations Through a CrossFire 8730

Host C

For example, as s hown in F igure 4, while host A is transmitting a byte to host B, the swi tch connects only the line s from A to B since th ere is no need to send pac kets to all other ports. At the same time, a second switc hing circuit can connect host C to host D. The result: Two packets are sent simultaneously.

➽ Note:

The switc h transmits broad cast and mult icast pack ets on se veral swi tch ports

simult aneou sly.

The incr ease in throughput is directly propo rtional to the numbe r of physical LAN segments that are interconnected through the switch. A switch with 20 port s interconnected provides up to ten concurrent paths. With ten simultaneous TokenRing conve rsations, the switch creates 160 Mbps throughput in half-duplex mode, or 320 Mbps throughput in full-duplex mode.

A single s egment c an be de dicated to a s ingle ho st or s hared by several. To optimiz e throughput, high-speed servers can be given dedicated switch ports.

By transporting Token-Ring packets si multaneously, the CrossFire 8730 boosts overall ne twork throughput.

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Address Management

At power up, the system address tabl es do not contain any information. Whenever a switch receive s a pa cket wi th an unkno wn sourc e or des tinat ion addre ss, it learn s the new source address and stores its location in coming port in the address table. If the destinati on address i s unknown it s ends the packet to all ports that c an recei ve data fro m the incom ing port. When th e response pac ket comes ba ck, the switc h will learn the responder’s location and adds it to the address ta ble. Once the addres s table entries are created, t h e switch uses the se learned address to switch all subsequent packets to the port where the destination address is located.

The system address table maintains up to 10,000 entries. Each Token-Ring port address table mainta ins 5,500 activ e address es (each port ad dress table is shared by four ports, as follows: 1-4, 5-8, 9-12, 13-, etc.) . If an address has not been ac tive for a configurable aging time, it is removed from the table. Ea ch Fast Ethernet port maint ains up to 15,000 active addresses. Unlike Token-Ring ports, that need local and transparent address es only, a Fast Ethernet port mu st know all the active address es in the network.

Multiple Bridging Modes

The Cross F ire 8730 supports four different switching modes to provide maximum flexibility i n all insta llation environments. The swit ching modes are Source Route Switching ( SRS) , Source R oute Bri dgin g (SRB), Source Rou te Tra nspare nt ( SRT) and SRT/SRB. The switch operates on two levels (BRF and CRF) as outlined below.

BRF 1

CRF 1

CRF 2

CRF 3

CRF 4

Switch

Figure 5. Typical Conf iguration with Switches Us ing Multiple Bridging Modes

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The switch bridging modes are found ed on the concept of Logical Rings (LR) or Logical S egments in Ethernet . The Log ical Ring is represe nted on the switch by the DTR (IEEE 802.5r) sta ndard’s Concentrator Relay Functi on ( CRF ). A Logical Ring may consist of interconnected CRFs on different switches.

Each port on the switch belongs to a CRF , which is a logical grouping of ports within the switch. A CRF can consist of any number of ports within a switch or a switch stack. The ports within a CRF do not have to be adj acent.

The Logical Rings and, subsequently, the CRFs , are assigned an unique ring number each when the switch performs source routing functions. The bridging is performed through the logical entity of the Bridge Rel ay Function (BRF).

The CRF communic ates via a logical , virtua l port with the Bridge Rel ay Functio n, which functions as a multiport (virtual) bridge between the Logical Rings. The switch can support up to 63 logical rings.

There are two levels of relay functions supported by the switch. The first level is the TrCRF (Token-Ring Concentrator Relay Function) to which th e ports are assigned . The second level i s the TrBRF (Token -Ring Bridge Rela y Function). This is the parent relay function to which TrCRFs are as signed. The switc h ma intains certain configuration information and management statisti cs on a per BRF/CRF basis. Therefore, when you access VLAN-specific swit ch c onfiguration or management scre ens (such as the

Current Spanning Tree Information

screen),

you will be prompted to specify the desired TrBRF for TrCRF. For specific informati on for the Fas t Ethernet ports, see “Fast Ethernet Bridging

Modes” on page 23.

Source Route Switching (SRS)

This mode is used bet w ee n ports comprising a Logic al Ring. SRS switch ing com bines the normal tr anspa ren t brid ge func ti on wit h the abil it y to

forward frames based on source route informati on to local ly attache d source-rout e bridges. The switc h does not o the rwise a ct a s a sou rce route bridg e. For no n sou rcerouted packe ts, t he swi tch de cision i s bas ed upon dest inatio n MAC Addr esses . For source-routed packets, it is based on the source-rout e information combi ned with the destination MAC addres s.

The switch le arns MAC addresses and source-routing rout e descriptors of Source Route Bridges attached to local switch ports.

Parallel paths are eliminated via the IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol.

Source Route Bridging (SRB)

The BRF acts as a multiport S ource Route Brid ge between CRFs with the following characteristics:

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•

Each Logical Ring ha s a different ring number

•

Source Route F r ames are forwarded between the Logical Ri ngs by the Bridge Relay Functi on bas ed on the route information field

•

Non-source-route frames are not forwarded between logical rings

•

The Bridge Relay Function has a single bri dge number and multipl e ring numbers (one per Logic al Ring)

SRS is used bet ween the port s of each logic al ring. The Bri dge Relay Fun ction runs the IBM Spanni ng Tree Protoc ol to elimina te parall el paths with ot her source-rout e bridges. The IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol is still used with each logical ring. Duplicate MAC addresses are allowed Rings.

Source Route Transparent (SRT)

The BRF can combi ne transparent switching with Source Route Bridging. Non source-routed packets are switched across logical rings by trans parent bridging. Source-routed frames are switched across logical rings by Source-Route Bridging and within e ach logical ring by Source-Route Switching.

if they are on different Logical

only

The Bridge Relay Function runs the IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol. Duplicate MA C ad dresses are

SRT/SR B

This is a spe cial mode combini ng SRT and the SRB switchi ng modes. Each Logic al Ring will ope rate either in SRT mode or in SRB mode. Trans parent bridging will only tak e place between logic al rings in SRT mode. Source-route bridgin g will tak e place between all logical rings.

The purpose of the SRT/S RB mode is to a llow duplic ate MAC addre sses to be us ed when in SRT mode. The ports on whic h the duplic ate MAC addresse s reside can be reached only by source routing .

The Bridge Relay Function runs the IBM Spanning Tree Protocol on the SRB logical rings to eliminate parall el paths with all source route bridges. It runs IEEE

802.1D Spanning T ree Protoc ol on the SRT logical rings to eli minate p arallel path s with other SRT bridges. The two resulting spanning trees are joined toget her.

The IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol is still used to eliminate parallel paths within each logic al r ing whether it is SRB or SRT.

allow ed.

not

The benefit of th e SRT/SRB mode is that it allows part of the networ k to be run in SRT mode to accom mo date applications that do no t support sourc e routing, while still supporti ng duplica te MAC address es on a number of SRB ports (for exampl e, for SNA gateway applications).

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Filtering

Filtering is important for a LAN switch. Filters can be used to reduce broadcast traffic, block certain protocols and provide security functions .

The switch provi des filters for:

•

Destination or source MAC addresses

•

Destination service access point (DSAP)

•

Subnetwork Acc es s Protocol (SNAP) type

Each protocol filter can be applied on a per-port basis for both input and output traffic. This feature allows certain protocols to be blocked from certain ports . For example, filters can be established to allow only Systems Network Architecture (SNA) traff ic to flow to ports with S NA gateways.

Source and destination MAC address filtering can be applied to all incoming frames. The MAC addres s filters act in one of three ways:

•

Block destination address at a specific port—this prevents the specified port from sending frames to a specified destination.

•

Allow destination address at specific ports—this indicates that the specified port must send frames to the specif ied destinations

•

Force destination address to a specific port—this allows forwarding to a unicast address that has not been learned. It can also be used to limit the forwarding of Multicast addresses to a subset of ports. This last filter applies to non-source-routing frames

only

Congestion Control

At regular interva ls , the switch CPU inspects the queues on all Tok en-Ring output ports. If a queue size is above a certain thres hold, the port is instructed to:

•

Set the transmit priority for low priority frames to a specified high level

•

Delete old frames from the queue until it reaches a specified size

When the queue size again comes below a normal threshold size the port is instructed to set the transmit priority back to the normal level.

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Three Switching Modes

Cut-Through

In this mode the switch starts forwarding the packet to the output port as soon as the destination address or the source-route of the incoming packet has been resolv ed. This tech niqu e ensures very l ow late ncy , typic ally i n t he range of 30 -100 µs. However, if errors occur on the input port during the reception of a packet, the error will still be forwarded to the output port. Note that cut-through ca n only be used in trans mi ssions between ports which operat e at 16 Mbps.

This mode is only supported by the Token-Ring ports.

Store and Forward

In this mode, the switch receives the total packet f r om t he input port, che cks it for any errors and then starts forwarding the packet to the destination port. This techni que will ensure that no fau lty packets are tra ns mitted by output port . T he negative impact howeve r , is higher latency, typically in the range of 40–2, 000 µs depending on the packet size. Though slower than cut-through mode, this is still much faster that convention al bridges.

The Fast Ethernet ports support this mode only.

Auto (Adapt ive C u t-T hrough)

This is a techn ique where by t he swit ch will aut omati call y swap be tween s tore-a ndforward and cut- through modes based on an err or threshold. If the number of receiv ed faulty packets is low, then cut-through mode is used; if the numbe r of faulty pac kets is high, the stor e and forward mode is used. This provides opti mized performance but introduces variable laten cy.

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Fast Ethernet

The following sect ions up to page 32 provides inform ation about Fast E thernet and various network scenarios.

Fast Ethernet Ports

The Fast Ethernet ports are configured much like Toke n-Ring ports, and gene rally appear in all tables where Token-Ring ports appear.

Fast Ethernet Virtual Ports and VLAN Tagging

For general inf ormation on VLAN support, see page 35. Unlike Token-Ring ports, the Fast Etherne t ports can fun ction as trunk ports. This

means that they can carry traffic belonging to all of th e possible 63 VLANs over the same physical cable connection.

Frames from differe nt VLANs are dis tinguished by means of standard IEEE

802.1Q frame tags. The tag is inserted in the Etherne t frame after the frame header before transmission on the Fast Ethernet port, and subsequently recognized and removed when the frame is received.

To identif y the VL AN to which the frame belongs, the f ram e ta g ma kes use of a VLAN identifi er that uniquely ide ntifies the BRF. It also contains a 3 bit priority field (described in section “Virtual Port Configuration” on page 41.)

Each Fast Ethe rnet port can be assigne d to several CRFs, but ther e ca n be only one per BRF/VLAN. A vi rtua l port is created for each CRF to wh ich the Fast Ethernet port is ass igned. All virtual ports but one must be tagge d (i.e., a singl e virtual por t can be left untagged).

Note that a Fast Ethernet port with a singl e untagged virtua l port is functiona lly equivale nt to an ordinary Token-Ring port. This is al so the default configuration, with the virtual port in ethcr f-default.

Virtual Port Restriction

A Fast Ethernet port can have only one virtual port in each VLAN. This follows from the nature o f VLAN taggi ng. Otherwi se it would not be possible to dis tinguish frames from two virtual ports in the same VLAN, since they would have the same VLAN iden tifier.

Ring Number Restriction

All CRFs in which a Fast Ethernet port has virtual ports must have the same ring number. Thus, the ring number is a “per-port” par ameter and not a “per-virtu alport” paramet er. If this were not th e case, the meaning of the RIF would be

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ambiguo us and d epe nd on the VLAN to whi ch the f rame was sent. It would th us be incompr ehe nsible to equipment that does not understand VLAN tags.

Fast Ethernet Port Operation Modes

Each Fast Ethernet port may operate in one of the following modes:

•

Half-duplex

In this mode the port offers a 10 Mbp s or 100 Mb ps connecti on from t he switch to another switc h, a workstation, or a hub.

•

Full-duplex

In this mode the port offers a 10 Mbp s or 100 Mb ps connecti on from t he switch to an ot h er s w it ch or a wo r k station .

Fast Ethernet Bridging Modes

For ge neral info rmation o n t he brid ging modes, see “Mult ipl e Bri dging Modes ” on page 17.

Source Route Switchin g ( S RS)

SRS is the default mode of operation. This mode is also restored after a NVRAM reset of the switch. In this mode, all Fast Ethernet ports are in the same CRF. Frames are switched between ports bas ed only on MAC addresses. In this mode, the spanning tree algorit hm is disabled by default. If more than one Fast Ethernet port is used to connect to the Ethernet cloud, the IEEE Spanning Tree Protocol should be enabled on the CRF.

Source Route Transparent (SRT)

➽ Note

If mul tiple CRFs are used on a switch, al l Fast Ethernet links to the same Ethernet cloud should be grouped into one CRF. If the spanning tree protoc ol is to be used, enable the STP (spanning tree protocol) on the CRF and BRF. The CRF’s STP should be set to IEEE; the BRFs’ STP shoul d be set to Based on Bri dgin g mode or IEEE

Note that thi s tran slat ional C RF is used onl y on the T oken-Rin g side and i s used to route sou r ce-routed Token-Ring frames toward the Ethe rnet cloud. See Figure 6.

: SRT is the suggested mode of operation.

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CRF with Token-Ring ports in SRT or SRB mode

Ethernet cloud

All translational links grouped into one CRF (SRT mode). If more than one link is used, IEEE STP must be enabled.

ACT 100 LINK

FASTETHERNET

CrossFire 8730

STATUS FAULT

151211 1413 17161918 20

ACT

100

LINK

BRF with STP set to:

- Based on Bridging mode

STACK-LINK

ATTACH

RXTX

DIAGPWR RSTERRMANAGEMENT

3254

ACT

STATUS

100 LINK

FAULT

21-22 25-2622 2625

876109

FastEthernet Translation Switch

- IEEE. CRF with Token-Ring ports in SRT or SRB mode

Figure 6. Source Route Transparent Bridging (SRT) Mode

Source Route Bridging (SRB)

➽ Note:

If multiple CRFs are used on a switch, all Fast Et h ernet links to the same Ethernet cloud shoul d be grouped int o one CRF. If a CRF is created in SRB Bridg ing m ode and Spanning Tree is to be used, IEEE STP must be manually configured on th e BRF and CRF.

Note that t his tr ansla ti onal CRF i s use d onl y on the Tok en-Ring s ide a nd is us ed to route source-r outed Token-Ring frames toward the Ethernet cloud. See Figure 7.

Token-Ring

cloud

SR Bridge

SRT is the suggested mode of operation.

Token-Ring

cloud

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Overview

Page 39

STACK-LINK

RXTX

DIAGPWR RSTERRMANAGEMENT

3254

CRF with Token-Ring ports in SRT or SRB mode

ATTACH

876109

ACT

STATUS

100 LINK

FAULT

21-22 25-2622 2625

ACT 100 LINK

FASTETHERNET

CrossFire 8730

STATUS FAULT

151211 1413 17161918 20

FastEthernet Translation Switch

ACT

100

LINK

Ethernet cloud

All translational links grouped into one CRF (SRB mode). If more than one link is used, IEEE STP must be enabled.

BRF with IEEE STP enabled

CRF with Token-Ring ports in SRT or SRB mode

Token-Ring

cloud

SR Bridge

Token-Ring

cloud

Figure 7. Sour ce Route Bridging (SRB) Mode

Redundant Connections to Fast Ethernet Network

A connection to the Ethernet cloud can be made using several Fast Ethernet ports from multi ple switc hes. F ast Et hernet port s con nected fro m on e switch to t he s ame Ethernet cl oud should be grouped int o one common CRF with an assign ed LAN segment number. From each switch, one CRF can be conn ected to the same Ethernet cloud.

Redundan t connections betwe en s ource-routed and t r ansparent networks ma y cause AR E frame dup lication and infi nite ARE frame loops as a r esult o f disca rding source routi ng informati on during transla tion from Token-R ing to Ethernet format. There are, however, solutions to both problems:

•

Infinite frame l oops are el imina ted by using a c ommon LAN segmen t number for the entire Ethe rnet cloud or by proper Spanning Tree configuration. The recommended CRF number is 4095.

•

Frame duplication is eliminated by a proper STP configuration allowing only one link between the Token-Ring cloud and the Ethernet to be forwarding.

See the next section “Network Scenarios—Preventing Frame Duplication and Looping” on page 26 for details.

CrossFire 8 730 Switch Ref erenc e Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Overview

Page 40

Network Scenarios—Preventing Frame Duplication and Looping

This secti on discuss es preventin g frame duplica tion and fra me looping i n networks.

Preventing Frame Duplication

The ARE duplica tion problem can occur only in a configurat ion with redundant Fast Ethernet ports in different switch es (as in the configurati on that follows).

It is assumed that th e network consists of a physica lly connected Etherne t cloud and a physical ly co nnecte d Token- Ring cloud. T he two clo uds are then conn ecte d by a number of links that implement translational bridging. See Figure 8. below.

Ethernet cloud LAN segment 3

ARE frame generated from Station A

CrossFire 8730 - Link 1

Forwarding

Ring 1

Station A

Redundant connections to Ethernet

Bridge 1

Token-Ring cloud

CrossFire 8730 - Link 2

Forwarding

Ring 2

Station B

Figure 8. Preve nting Frame Duplication

In a pure Token-Ring ne twork, an All Routes Explorer (ARE) frame generated from Station A traverses all rings only one time based on a Routing Information Field (RIF) expan ded by each source-routed bri dge. In this example, both Fast Ethernet l inks a re in the for warding s t ate. An ARE fr ame or igina tin g in Ri ng1 m ay go through the Ethernet cloud and come back to Ring 2. Because the RIF is lost when passing thr ough the Etherne t cloud, LAN segment 1 is no longer inc luded in the new RIF and the frame will be forwarded by Bridge 1 from Ring 2 back to Ring

1. This results in frame duplication – a fter visiting Ring 1 again, the frame will be discar ded by the Fast Ethernet ports connected to Ring 1.

This issue can be resolved by making sure that only one Fast Ethernet port can be in the forwarding state.

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Overview

Page 41

Preventing Frame Looping

The previous network scenario was free of the ARE looping issue because the entire Ethernet cloud had the same LAN Segment number.

In the next scenari o, the Fast Ether net ports have differen t LAN segment nu mbers. In th is c onfigura tio n, an infi nit e loop is crea ted i n a ddit ion to the fram e dupli cati on issue.

Station A s ends an ARE frame to Ri ng1 – ex. IP ARP with de sti nation MAC being Broadca st . This frame is converted to a transp arent broadca st and sent on Ethernet link 1. The fr ame is t hen rec eiv ed by the Fast Ethe rnet port on li nk 2 and se nt as an ARE frame to Ring 2 – note that the RIF does not contain LAN Segment 4. The ARE frame is then forwarded by Bridge 1 and link 1 back to the Ethernet, and so on. See Figure 9. below.

Ethernet cloud with different LAN segment numbers on each CRF

LAN segment 4

ARE frame generated from Station A

CrossFire 8730 - Link 1

Forwarding

Ring 1

Station A

Redundant connections to Ethernet

Bridge 1

Token-Ring cloud

CrossFire 8730 - Link 2

Forwarding

Ring 2

LAN segment 3

Station B

Figure 9. Frame Looping

This loo p c an be resol ved by makin g sure t hat on ly one F ast Ether net li nk can be in the forwarding state or by using the same LAN segment num ber for al l F as t Ethernet links.

Using t wo diffe rent L AN segme nt numb ers h as some int eresti ng adva ntages. If the Ethernet c loud be come s physic ally sepa rated i nto two p arts (s ee be low), bot h pa rts can still communicate via the Token-Ring cloud. If the Ethernet cloud is not split and the root of the spa nnin g tr ee is o n the T oken-Ri ng si de, ther e mig ht b e a l os s of connectivi ty bet ween Etherne t stations de pending on the CRF num bers configu red.

CrossFire 8 730 Switch Ref erenc e Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Overview

Page 42

To avoid those hazardous situations, follow the recommendations in section “Spanning Tree Configurat ion for F as t Ethernet” below.

Ethernet cloud broken into two separate clouds.

The direct connection between station A and B is broken.

Station A

Station B

LAN segment 4

Frame generated from Station A is still passed to station B

CrossFire 8730 - Link 1

Forwarding

Ring 1

Redundant connections to Ethernet

Bridge 1

Token-Ring cloud

CrossFire 8730 - Link 2

Forwarding

Ring 2

LAN segment 3

Figure 10. Preventing Frame Looping

Spanning Tree Configuration for Fast Ethernet

Running the IEEE Sp anning T ree Prot oco l (STP) will cre ate a sing le sp anning t ree covering the e nti re ne twork. Depe nding on th e topology a nd confi gure d path c osts, there will be one or more forwarding links be tween the two clouds.

If ther e are m ultipl e Fast E thernet links in multi ple switc hes, th e path c osts on t hese links should be selected such that only one forwards. This will prevent ARE duplication and the looping problem.

Normally this can be achieved by assigning very large path costs on both sides of the Fast Et h ernet links such that at most one can be forwarding . The Fast Ethernet ports provides support for STP cost manipulation which does not require cost configuration on both side s of the link.

For each CRF of Fast Ethernet ports connected to the same Ethernet cl oud, a connection attribute ca n be ass igned (see “TS Connection” on page 56):

•

Primary connection

value for each CRF). This connection is alwa ys forwarding if ac tive .

•

Secondary 1

– for a backu p con necti on to the Et hernet cl oud. Thi s conn ecti on

is alw ays blocking if the pr imary is active.

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Overview

– for a main connection to the Ethernet cloud (default

Page 43

•

Secondary 2

connection is always blocking if

– for a second backup connection to the Ethernet cloud. This

Primary

Secondary 1

are active.

Each CRF of Fast Ethernet ports connected to the same Ethernet cloud must have a different connection attribute set. See Figure 11.

Ethernet cloud

Primary CRF FORWARDING

STACK-LINK

ATTACH

RXTX

DIAGPWR RSTERRMANAGEMENT

3254

ACT 100 LINK

FASTETHERNET

CrossFire 8730

STATUS FAULT

151211 1413 17161918 20

ACT

STATUS

100 LINK

FAULT

21-22 25-2622 2625

876109

FastEthernet Translation Switch

ACT

100

LINK

STACK-LINK

STATUS FAULT

21-22 25-2622 2625

ATTACH

RXTX

DIAGPWR RSTERRMANAGEMENT

3254

876109

Secondary CRF BLOCKING

ACT

STATUS

100

100 LINK

LINK

FAULT

FASTETHERNET

CrossFire 8730

151211 1413 17161918 20

FastEthernet Translation Switch

ACT

100

LINK

Token-Ring

cloud

SR Bridge

Token-Ring

cloud

Figure 11. Spanning Tree Configuration

The described spanning tree configuration results in exactly one forwarding link between Ethernet and Toke n-Ring cl ouds, addit ional li nks be comin g stand-b y. For custome rs migrating from Token-Ring to Etherne t it is recommended over time t o physic ally split t he Token-Ri ng cloud i nto disj oin t networ ks to inc re ase bandwidt h between Toke n-Ring and Ethernet.

Figure 12. below illustrates a network with two physically disjointed Ethernet clouds. E ach switch in the configuration has one primary c onnection to one of the two Ethernet clouds and one seconda ry connection to the other cloud.

This way re dundancy for both Et hernet clouds is provided, while at th e sam e time the traffic load between the Token-Ring and Ethernet clouds is split between the two switches.

CrossFire 8 730 Switch Ref erenc e Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Overview

Page 44

Primary CRF FORWARDING

STACK-LINK

Ethernet cloud

ACT

STATUS

100 LINK

FAULT

21-22 25-2622 2625

ATTACH

RXTX

DIAGPWR RSTERRMANAGEMENT

3254

876109

Token-Ring

ACT 100 LINK

FASTETHERNET

cloud

CrossFire 8730

STATUS FAULT

151211 1413 17161918 20

FastEthernet Translation Switch

ACT

100

LINK

Secondary CRF BLOCKING

SR Bridge

Ethernet cloud

Primary CRF FORWARDING

ACT 100 LINK

FASTETHERNET

CrossFire 8730

STATUS FAULT

151211 1413 17161918 20

ACT

100

LINK

STACK-LINK

ATTACH

RXTX

DIAGPWR RSTERRMANAGEMENT

3254

ACT

STATUS

100 LINK

FAULT

21-22 25-2622 2625

876109

FastEthernet Translation Switch

Token-Ring

cloud

Figure 12. Two Separate Ethernet Clouds

➽ Note:

Technical Background

For each CRF with a Fast Ethernet port, the spanning tree protocol should be enabled. For SRT CRF, the default STP al gorithm is IEEE 802.1D. Only this spanning tree algorithm can be used for Fast Ethernet ports .

A Fast Ethernet port has its own LAN segment number and recognizes source routing. Howe ver, th e Fast Ethernet por t is an element of a tr ansparen t network and frames ar e pass ed t hrough only i n f orward ing state . Thi s re stric tion is a ppli ed to a ll frames, including ARE and specifically routed frames.

Only one link of a CRF at a ti me may become forwarding . To a chieve this, the spanning tr ee costs of the internal BRF to CRF link will be modified acc ording to the CRF conn ection attribute. The BRF to CRF link is a virtual internal link and exists only for spanning tree purposes.

The spanning tree cost of each primary connection remai ns unmodified.

The CRF connection attribute can be set from the console or via ClearSight.

Note that in the

Secondary 1

added to the cost of th e in tern a l BRF to CR F link in or d er to ma ke sure that

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Overview

and

Secondary 2

connections, different values are

Page 45

Secondary 1 Secondary 2

will become forwarding first, when the primary connection fails. The connection is chosen only afte r the

Secondary 1

connection.

Cost modification of BRF to CRF link:

•

For the

Secondary 1

connect ion, a v a lue of 20,0 00 will be add ed to the cost of

the inter nal BRF to CRF lin k.

•

For the

Secondary 2

connect ion, a v a lue of 40,0 00 will be add ed to the cost of

the inter nal BRF to CRF lin k

In th e pict ure be low, th e C rossFi re 8730 Switc h 2 and Et hernet Switc h 2 know t ha t the root path cost seen from the secondary link is 20,000 bigger, than the root path cost of the prim ary link seen by the Cros s Fire 8730 Switch 1 and Ethernet Switch

1. This means that the secondary link will be blocked on the internal CRF to BRF link.

If the spanning tree costs are configured manually for backup connection to Ethernet, each connecti on attribut e should be set to

Primary

and then spann ing tree

costs must be cha nged on each side of the backup li nk.

Primary CRF translational connection. On this CRF, the STP cost stays unmodified.

ACT

STACK-LINK

ATTACH

RXTX

DIAGPWR RSTERRMANAGEMENT

3254

ACT

STATUS

100

100 LINK

LINK

FAULT

21-22 25-2622 2625

876109

Token-Ring

cloud

Ethernet Switch 1

FastEthernet Translation Switch

CrossFire8730

ACT 100 LINK

151211 1 413 17161918 20

ACT 100 LINK

STATUS FAULT

FASTETHERNET

CrossFire Switch 8730 1

SR Bridge

Ethernet

STACK-LINK

STATUS FAULT

21-22 25-2622 2625

ATTACH

RXTX

DIAGPWR RSTERRMANAGEMENT

3254

Token-Ring

cloud

Ethernet Switch 2

FastEthernet Translation Switch

CrossFire8730

ACT

100

100 LINK

LINK

FASTETHERNET

876109

STATUS FAULT

151211 1 413 17161918 20

ACT

100

LINK

CrossFire 8730 Switch 2

Secondary CRF translational connection. On this CRF, the STP cost of the internal BRF to CRF link is modified.

Figure 13. STP BPDU Cost Modificat ion

CrossFire 8 730 Switch Ref erenc e Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Overview

Page 46

Token-Ring

The following se ctions “Token-Ri ng Port Operation Modes”, “RI/RO-Like Connecti on”, “Transmission Priority Queues ”, and “CrossLink Connections” contains information that only applie s to the Token-Ring ports.

Token-Ring Port Operation Modes

Each Token-Ri ng port may operate in one of the following modes:

•

Half-duplex concentrator port

The port behaves like an active MAU port for class ical Token-Ring. C onnects to a single station in half-duplex mode. This is also known as Token Passing (TKP) port mode.

•

Half-duplex station emulation

The port i s conne cted t o a port on a MAU. Conn ects to a cl assic al To ke n-Ri ng segmen t with multiple stations. This is also known as Token Passing (TKP) station mo de.

•

Full-duplex concent rator port

Connects to a single station or to another switch in full-dupl ex mode. This is also known as Transmi t Immed iate (TXI) port mode.

•

Full-duplex station emulation

Connects to another Token-Ring switch. This is al so known as Tr ansmit Immediate (TXI) stati on mode.

•

RI/RO-like connection

The mode of operation can be configured manual ly or sensed automatically with the excepti on of RI/RO, when equi pment is connect ed to the port. The medi a speed (4 or 16 Mbps) can al so be manua lly co nfigu red or automati call y sensed in all por t modes.

RI/RO-Like Connection

On CrossFire 8730, a RI/RO-like connection is available on ports 19 and 20. This feature allows the switch to connect to CAU/LAM systems using the RI/RO

connect ions thus providing a RI/RO-like functionality. This enable s the switch to be ea s il y installed in ex isting Tok en-R i ng net w or ks.

A loop-back function has been implemented on these ports so that if the port is disabl ed or the switch is powered off there will not be a bre ak in the at tache d main ring. This means that attaching a ca ble from the RI port of a MAU port to one of the two swi tch ports in e ffect joi ns the primar y and the backup r ing in a MAU/CAU main ring system. Connecting the other end of the RI/RO connect ion to the oth er

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Overview

Page 47

switch port, the same segment .

enabled

there i s a break in th e main ring, t he STP will pla ce both port s in forward m ode, and all MACs on both segme nts will be relearne d.

If a switch por t h as been configur ed to RI/RO mode, it will automati cally sense whether the port has been connected to RI or RO of the MAU.

➽ Note:

connected according to th e configur ation. Any errors, such as attaching port 19 or 20 to a normal MAU port when the CrossF ire 8730 port has been configured for RI/RO, will ca use a complete disrupti on of the ring to which the por t is attached. Therefore, be careful when u sing th e RI/RO feature.

Transmission Priority Queues

To address the needs of delay - se nsitive dat a, such as multime dia, the Token-R ing ports of the switch have two transmit queues, a high-priority queue and a lowpriority queue.

creates r edundant pat hs

because the two s witch p orts ar e co nnecte d t o

Therefore, the IEEE Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) must be

, which will place one port in forward and the other in blocked mode. If

It is not possible to automatical ly verify whether an UTP/STP port has been

The queue for a frame is determined by the value of the pri ority field in the frame control (FC) byte . If FC priority is abov e a configurable lev el (default 3), the frame is put int o the high-priority queue. If an output port becomes congested, you can dynamically configure the port to transmit all frames at high priority regardless of the FC byte contents.

Enabled FC modification on Fast Ethernet virtual ports preserves frame pr iority during translation between Ethernet 802.1Q Tagged frames and Token Ring frames.

CrossLink Connections

Two switch stacks or switches may be interconnected by a number of parallel Token-Ri ng connections (up to 256 Mbps using eight Token-Ring ports). The traf fic between the switches will be shared between the conne ctions.

CrossFire 8 730 Switch Ref erenc e Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Overview

Page 48

Spanning Tree Protocol Su pport

The CrossFire 8730 supports the spanning tree protocols most often used in both Ethernet and Token-Ring topologie s . The switch s upports IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree for all Ethernet ports, and both IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree and IBM Spanning Tree Protocols for Token-Ring ports. This makes it easy to integrate the switch int o most existing Token-Ring and Fast Ethernet installations .

For more infor mation on s pannin g tree, see “Spa nning Tr ee Confi gurati on for Fa st Ethernet” on pa ge 28 and “Spanning Tree Protoc ol” on page 64.

IBM initially supported only Source Route Bridging (SRB) in its bridges , s o most Token-Ring networks were built to use it. The main consideration for SRB implementations in switches is the spanning-tree algorithm for spanning tree explorers (S TEs). IBM ori ginall y implemente d a form of the Institut e of Electri cal and Electroni cs Engineers (IEEE) spanni ng-tree algorithm. This algorithm, commonly referre d to as t he IBM spanning tre e, li mits t he STE fr ames t o one cop y per destina tion ring . Som e SRB impl ementat ions ha ve also im plement ed the IE EE Spanning Tree Pr otocol to be compatible with SRT bridges. The IEEE Spanning Tree Protocol is not compatible with the IBM Spanning Tree Protocol.

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Overview

Page 49

VLAN Support

The virtual LAN (VLAN) concept creates a virtual switch within a physical switch. Frames are not forwarded between VLANs unless directed via a router or layer-3 switch.

The CrossFire 8730 provides the following VLAN functio nality:

•

No frames are forwarded between ports belonging to different VLANs.

•

Each VLAN may be assigned a separate IP address.

•

Spanning Tree determin ation is ex ecuted indepen dently within each VLAN.

VLANs on the Token-Ring Side

On the Token-Ri ng side , VLANs are se t up on a per-port ba sis . This mea ns tha t all stations connecte d to a port must be part of the same VLAN. VLAN tagging i s not used.

IEEE 802.1Q ta gged VLANs entering the switc h from the Fast Ethernet side are translated into port-ba sed VLANs on the Token-Ring side (and vice-versa).

Port groups on different VLANs may be assig ned the same ring number, but ring numbers must be unique within the same VLAN.

VLANs on the Fast Et hernet Sid e

On the Fast Ethernet side, IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagging is applied. This enables traffic from several Token-Ring port-based VLANs to pass over a single Fast Ethernet link. Furthermore, Q-tagged VLAN information is able to travel further into the network so VLAN information will be preserved by all equipment that supports Q-tagging, regardless of the manufacturer or topology.

IEEE 802.1Q ta gged VLANs entering the switc h from the Fast Ethernet side are translated into port-ba sed VLANs on the Token-Ring side (and vice-versa).

The follo wing figure illustrates an example of a VLAN with a CrossFire 8730 Switch.

CrossFire 8 730 Switch Ref erenc e Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Overview

Page 50

CRF1

VLAN 1

BRF 1

CRF2

VLAN 2

BRF 2

CRF3

Figure 14. A Switch Configured with Two VLANs

CRF4

Switch

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Overview

Page 51

Managem en t

SNMP

The switch can be managed via a SNMP manager. It supports ten Management Informat ion Bases (MIBs). S ix of the MIBs a re s tandard MIBs, which are defined by RFCs and are incl ude d with mos t SNMP manageme nt applic at ions. Four of the MIBs are proprietary and are provided on the disk that accompanies the switch. SNMP management is supported via IP.

The follo wing MIBs are supported:

Specification MIB

RFC1213 SNMP MIB II

RFC1493 Bridge MIB RFC1525 SR Bridge MIB RFC1573 Evolut ion of the Interfaces

Group of MIB-II

RFC1757/1513 RMON MIB/TR extensions -

only partia l support RFC1749/1748 IEEE 802.5 MIB DTR MIB IEEE 802.5r MIB DTR MAC MIB IEEE 802.5r MIB Olicom oc8600 unit MIB

oc8660 unit MIB Olicom/Cisco VTP MIB

Table 11. Supported MIBs

Most user configurable var iables will be suppo rted in either the standard MIBs or the proprie tary MIB. Configurati on settings, such as port at tributes, and operati onal information, such as address tables, are fully accessible through SNMP. Certain other settings, such as pass w ords and console settings, cannot be viewed or modified via SNMP for security reasons.

CrossFire 8 730 Switch Ref erenc e Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Overview

Page 52

Switch Manager for HP OpenView for Windows

The Switch Manage r is an applica tion that runs unde r HP OpenView for Windows. It provides an intuitive graphical user interface (GUI) that displays a chassis physical view and supports configuration, performance monitoring, and troubleshooting.

This appl ication i s inc luded with the switch. For informati on about Switch Manage r on other platforms, ple as e contact your

local Olicom sales representative.

Telnet Management and VT100 Ma nagem ent (Console)

The Con sol e Management function may be accessed out-of-band via t he TIA/EIA232-F (i.e. RS-232) port labelled MANAGEMENT or in-band via Telnet.

IBM LAN Network Manager

The switch does

support management by the IBM LAN Network Manager, but

not

it will al low LAN Network Man ager LLC frames to fl ow through t he switch so t hat communicati on to exist ing LNM manage able hubs and source route b ridges wil l be mainta ined.

Some error reporting functions and ring map functions might be lost for the rings attach ed to through the switch, because a Token-Ring Switch will not (and should not) forward MAC frames, but only LLC frames between ports.

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Overview

Page 53

RMON Support

RMON is an indus tr y-standa rd me thod for provi din g ne twor k stati stic s monit ori ng using SNMP. I t a lso coll ec ts fault , pe rforma nce, and confi gurati on sta tis tics . It can monitor continuously, even when communication with the management station is not possible or efficient. RMON can then notify the management s tation when an exceptional condition occurs.

In ty pical SNMP management, the SNMP cl ient has to conti nuously pol l the switch for fault, performance, and configuration information, waiting for the value to change. Thi s causes increased traffic through the network. With RMON, you can have the switch monitor a particular s tatistic internally, and whe n the statistics reaches a threshold, the switch will send a trap to the client. This monit oring method reduces traffic betwe en the SNMP client and the switch.

The fol lowing groups are supported in RFC-1513 Token-Ring Extensions RMON MIB

•

The Token-Ring Mac-Layer Statistics Group

•

The Token-Ring Promiscuou s Statistics Group

•

The Token-Ring Mac-Layer History Group

•

The Token-Ring Promiscuou s History Group

•

The Token-Ring Ring Stati on Group (S ETs not supported)

•

The Token-Ring Ring Station Order Group.

The Followi ng Groups are supported in RFC-1757 RMON MIB for both TokenRing and Fast Et hernet ports.

•

The Statistics Group (group 1)

•

The History Control Group (group 2)

•

The Event Group (group 9)

•

The Alarm Group (group 3)

Full RMON support for a selected subset of ports is implemented by an external RMON Probe.

➽ Note: ➽ Note:

application that supports RFC 1757 and RFC 1513. You cannot access RMON via the console interfac e of the switch.

CrossFire 8 730 Switch Ref erenc e Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Overview

Reme mber to en able

Access to RMON data is available o nly via an SNMP manage me nt

RMON Statistics

on the

SNMP Configuration

menu.

Page 54

Built-in Port Counters

The switch supports a wide range of port count ers , which enables you to obtain a detaile d overview of the po rt traffic. The count ers give a comprehensive overview in the areas of:

•

MA C Layer Counters

•

MAC Layer Error Counters

•

Frame Forwarding Counters

Stackable Archite ctu re

A CrossFire 8730 switch can be stacked together with other CrossFire 8730 switches and with switches from the CrossFire 8600 series in any desired combination to provide uplinks like ATM, HSTR, and Fast Ethernet. For more information on stacking, refer to the CrossFire 8600 Series documentation.

Optional Redu ndant Power Supply

The switch has an input for a backup power supply. It is compatible with the CrossFir e 8310 Redunda nt Power Supp ly Chassis, which can suppl y backup powe r for up to six switches, when up to six CrossFire 8311 Redundant Power Supply Units are ins talled in the chassis. This gives a high degre e of resilience to power supply f ailure s. The swit ch will st art us ing the exte rnal p ower supply i f t he int ernal supply fails . The switch monito rs the power source and info rms the network management system which supply is in use.

The CrossFi re 8300 Switch Stacke r also accommo d ates an option al switch matrix 8301, which includes a redundant power supply, ensuring the highest degree of resilience in th e stack of switches.

➽ Caution:

Both the CrossFire 8311 unit and the switch disconnect ing the DC power cabl e.

The redundant power supply unit CrossFir e 8311 is

must be off

hot-swappable.

not

before connecting or

❏

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Overview

Page 55

3.Switch Configuration

This chapter explains how to modify the switch configuration via the menus and screens in the switch console interface. To acces s the interface, a VT100 cons ole can be attached to the switch directly or via a modem connection. The switch configuration can also be modified from a remote VT100 console via a telnet session.

For information on how to connect a VT100 console directly to the switch, please refer to the

Chapter 4, “Switch Access”

CrossFire 8730 Fast Ethernet Translation Switch Installation Guide,

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuration

Page 56

General Guidelines

To work within the console menus and screens, follow these guidelines:

•

To sel ec t an item on a screen or a menu, highlight it by using the arrow ke ys and then press item—for e xam ple, selecti ng appears on the screen.

•

In most cases, new values are saved when you sel ec t

•

The

screen. Selecting information.

ENTER

item means there is more inf ormati on than wha t is dis played on that

. If you need to specif y additional information for that

or No or supplying a

Yes

and pressing

ENTER

Return

displays the next screen of

value

—a prompt

•

refers to the number of a specific port on a switch.

Port Index

To return to the main menu from any scre en, press changes made to the screen you were in will not be saved when you do this. To return to the greeting screen, press

To refresh the console screen, press If yo u are ad ministering switches in a stack, many of the console screens will

prompt for a box number. Enter the number of the box you wa nt to admi nister. The “VLAN” term in connection with CRF is discussed on page 35. The term s “Virtu al LA N ” an d “d om ai n ” ar e in t er c h an g ea bl e . The console automatically returns to the greeting screen after five minutes of

inactivity. Five minutes is the defaul t value. The time can be changed at the

Console Configuration

To open the

Configuration...

refers to the numerical orde r of a list.

CTRL-B

CTRL-L

menu as explained later in this chapter.

Console Configuration

Console Configuration..

→

menu from the main menu, select

CTRL-P

. Note that any

•

For prot ection against inadvertent or unauthorized access to configuration screens, you m ay establish a pass word that users must enter at the greeting screen. If no password is configured, just press presen ted. To establish a password, see the s ection “Pas sword Menu” on page 116.

To open the

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuration

Password

menu, select

ENTER

Configuration...

and the main menu is

Password..

→

Page 57

Navigating within the Menus

Use the a rrow keys (also referred to as cursor keys) to highlight an item on the screen or menu.

•

Items that end with three dots, opens another screen or menu. Pressing the

ENTER

•

If the item on the screen is a command, such as

will execute the command. Unless specif ied diff erently, all the screens and menus are a ccessed in the sa me wa y . The following section des cribes the items on the main menu.

key on such an item will display the ne w screen or menu.

Reset

, press ing the

ENTER

key

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Main Menu

Configuration...

Displays the configuration parameters. A detailed explanation of the configuration submenus starts on on page 45.

Configuration

menu, which ena bles you to view and se t the switch

Statistics...

Displays the

Statistics

Menu” on page 135.

Statistics

menu are in Chapte r 4, “Monit oring the Network from the Statistics

menu for the switch. Exp lanations of screens in the

Download/Upload...

Displays the

Download/Upload

menu that is explained starting from page 125.

Reset...

Displays the

Reset

menu that is explained in this chapter starting from page 130.

Exit Console

Highlighting this command and pressing greeting scr een (on a Telnet session, this will cause the se ssion to close) .

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuration

ENTER

will return the console to the

Page 59

Configuration Menu

Open this menu by selectiong From the parameters.

Configuration

menu you can view and set the switch conf iguration

Configuration...

in the main menu.

Detail ed descriptio ns and of the submenus and screens these items open follows below in thi s chapte r .

Configuration Overview for the Fast Ethernet Ports

To configure the Fast Ethernet ports, follow general steps lis ted below:

•

Determine wh ich VLANs the Fa st Etherne t ports should connect.

•

Determine which VLAN, if any, should be untagged.

•

Configure the Fast Et hernet VLAN ID for all the BRFs that should be tagged.

•

Make sure that each Fast Ethernet VLAN ID matches that of the Fast Ethernet

equipment in the other end.

•

Assign CRFs t o the Fa st Ethernet port, the reby creating one virtua l port in e ach

VLAN. Possibly cre ate new CRFs to make sure that the CRFs do not have

conflicting ring numbers, as discuss ed in s ection “Ring Number Restriction”

above.

•

Configure the virtua l ports, in particular the tagging mode. The relevant

configuration menus are described in detail in the following sections. Configure the translational bridging parameters for each Virtual Port.

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Switch Configuration Screen

To open this screen from the main menu, select

Configuration

→

Switch

Use th is scr een to v iew sys tem inf orma tion a nd to vi ew or ch ange th e sys tem nam e, location, contact, an d tim e of da y. To add or cha nge the system name, location, contact or ti me of day, use the arrow ke ys to highl ight the fie ld and press the

ENTER

key. A prompt a ppears ne ar the bo tto m of the screen fo r entering t ext for that field. Pressing

ENTER

again enters that text.

The following se ctions explain the fields in the

System Description

Name and model of this switch. Information in this field cannot be chan ged.

Burned-in MAC Address

The factory-assigned base MAC address of the switch. Information in this fie ld cannot be changed.

Configured MAC Address

The MAC address that is current ly in use, or, if a new MAC address has been configured, the MAC addr es s that will be used after the next boot. If a locally administered addres s is assigned to the switch, this field displays that address. Otherwise, the field displays address, se lect this field, and enter the new address. Note that the switch occupies this, the base MAC address, and the next 96 addres ses.

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuration

000000:000000

Switch Configuration

screen.

. To assign a locally administered

Page 61

All usage of MAC-Addr esses in t he switch i s based u pon one addr ess. Thi s address is denoted the Switch Ba se address and can be either Burned-in (The factory assigned Universal Administrate d Addres s UAA) or configured (the Local Administrated Address LAA). To configure a LAA address, use the

Configuration

Note that a restart is necessary when changing the base MAC address. The greeting screen on the console will always show the current active Switch base

Address.

The switch reserves 31 addre sse s for ports.

The Token-Ring ports on a switch wil l be assigned MAC addresses using the foll owing scheme:

•

BASE Modul e por t 1- 20 will be assigne d Swit ch Base Address + port n umber OR:

screen fro m a console s ession or an SNMP based manageme nt tool.

Switch

•

A Token-Ring port will b e assigned a MAC address, which is Switch Bas e

Address + the port number displayed on the port conf iguration screen (or

interface table for SNMP).

This MAC address is used for the Token-Ring MAC protocol, and for the

spanning tree protocol.

The switch reserves 63 addresses for TrBRF ( VLAN).

Each VLAN has an attached Bridge relay function (TrBRF) and a Management entity (IP-protoc ol stack), and conseque ntly it n eeds a MAC Address. In the s witch, these two logical units u se the same address, however this address must be unique in the netwo r k. This is ensured by assigni ng MAC addre ss to TrBRF’s from the Switch Base Addre ss + 32 (0x20) and upwards. The switch is designed in such a way, that it operates with 63 ac tive or preferre d VLAN’s, implying that 63 MAC addresses need to be reserved for TrBRF.

Summarizing, each CrossFire 8730 reserve: Swit ch Ba se Address + 31 Addresse s for Token-Ri ng ports + 63 MAC Addresses for T rBRFs = 95, which is rounded up to 96 or hexadecimal 0x60.

The MAC a ddress of the de fault TrBRF (brf -def ault) will alway s be the switch base address + 32. If the s witch opera tes in a st ack, only o ne of the switc he s wil l opera te the bri dge re lay functi on. He nce t he MAC addre ss of the defaul t TrBRF wil l be the base address of the stackmaster + 32. The stackmaster is determined by software, when the stack consists of two switches back to back and by the port numbers in 8300/8635 stack configurations.

There is no simp le rule to find the MAC address of other TrBRF, but it is alwa ys within the range described, as fol lows :

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Page 62

•

Stack Ma ster Ba se Add ress + 32 < TrBRF MAC Addres s < Sta ck Maste r B ase Addr ess + 95 .

A TrBRF (VLAN) MAC address is assigned, when the VLAN becomes preferred (i.e. it has an ass igned port in the ac tual switch or stack of switches) by selecting the lowest available MAC address above Stack Master Base Addr ess + 32 .

If management (SNMP or TELNET) contact with the switch is lost (e.g. becaus e ports are moved from one TrBRF to another) it is suggested, that a terminal is connected to the OBM port of the switc h st ac k, and the IP Configuration menu is entered. F rom here, it is possible to read the MAC address of the mana gement entity (TrBRF).

Address Format

Display form at used for MAC addresses (canonical or non-canonica l). Canonical format is typi call y used in Etherne t networ ks and is al so kno wn as le ast sig nif i cant bit firs t. Non-ca nonical is t ypically us ed in T ok en-Ri ng networks and is also kno wn as most signi ficant bit first.

System Name

Any name you c hoose to assign to t he swi tch (on a TCP/ IP net work, it c ould be the IP hostname).

System Location

Physical location of the swi tch.

System Contact

Person to contact if questions should a rise.

DRAM Installed

Amount (i n MB) of dynamic memory installed. Information in this field cannot be changed.

Flash Memory Installed

Amount (in KB) of flash memory installed. Information in this field cannot be changed.

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Time of Day

An internal clock is used to cal culate total time of operation and time of day. To adjust the time, select this item, press

ENTER

, then enter the month, day, hour, or

minute.

➽ Note:

this is the case, contact your local reseller.

Stack Configuration Screen

To open this screen from the main menu, selec t

Configuration

If you c ann ot se t the

Stack Configuration

→

Time of Day

, the lithiu m battery may need replacin g. If

Configuration

→

Switch

The following information is displayed on this scre en:

Number of Boxes

Number of switch es currently participating in the stack. Information in this field cannot be chan ged.

Local Box Number

Number a ssigned to the switch to which the console is connected. T he local box is also the s ource of the inform ation displa yed on this screen. Info rmation in t his field cannot be chan ged.

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Remote Box Number(s)

Number of switche s (in addition to thi s one) in the stack. Information in this field cannot be changed.

Stack Time-out

If a switch goes off line, the length of ti me (in seconds) duri ng which the stack tr ies to reesta blish communication with the switc h. The default is 16 seconds.

Stack State

Whether t he CrossFi re Switc h Sta cker is oper ationa l (Cro ssFir e 8630 or CrossF ire

8635). Information in thi s field cannot be changed.

Stack Connection

Whether th e CrossFire 8300 Switch Stacker is connected. Inf ormation in this fie ld cannot be changed.

Module Information Screen

To open this screen from the main menu, select

Information

Configuration

→

Module

This scree n shows informati on a bout the di fferent module s tha t the swi tch consis ts of:

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Page 65

Module

Module num ber. The b asic swit ch is list ed as modu le 1. The Fast E therne t ports 21 and 22 are li sted a s module 2 and por ts 25 and 26 a re li sted as module 3. The stack port is listed as module 4.

Status

Whether the modul e is up, down, or the slot is empty.

Model

Type o f modu le. The Cros sF ire s wit ch is li ste d f or t he ba s e s witch. For t his module as well as for others, this field displays the product num ber.

Board ID

Identifi er of the board in decimal.

HW Rev

Hardware revision leve l.

FW Rev

Firmware revis ion level. On modules with Token-Ring ports, this is the MAC mode revisi on level.

Ports

Number of ports on the module.

Up Time

Amount of time (i n hours, m inutes, a nd second s) that th e module has been up (since the last reset).

You cannot change the information that appears on this screen.

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VLAN Configuration

The Virt ual LAN featur e can be used to pa rtitio n a swit ch or a sta ck of swi tches i nto several Virtual LANs, each containing its own set of ports (the ter ms and

domain

belonging to the same. The benefit of Virtual LAN is to restrict access from one segment to another, either for s ec urity purposes or to reduce interse gm ent traffic. Figure 15 illustrates a switch with four VLANs.

are interchange able). Packets are forwarded only between ports

Virtual LAN

VLAN 1 Ports 1, 2, 3, 10

VLAN 3 Ports 4, 7, 9

STACK-LINK

ATTACH

RXTX

DIAGPWR RSTERRMANAGEMENT

STATUS FAULT

21-22 25-2622 2625

876109

ACT 100 LINK

FASTETHERNET

STATUS FAULT

VLAN 2 Ports 5, 11, 12

CrossFire 8730

VLAN 4 Ports 6, 8, 13, 14

151211 1413 1716

Fast Ethernet Translation Switch

ACT 100 LINK

18 20

Figure 15. Switch with Four VLANs

To set up domains using the VLAN Configuration menu, specify the port s belonging to the domain s, then set up the IP configura tions, tr ap configur ation (tra p receivers are associated with a set of VLANs and a receiver IP address) and STP configurations specific to the appropriate VLANs. If you have already supplied configuration information using the main configuration menus, that information applies to VLAN “default”. Virtual LANs affects other switch feature s in the following ways:

•

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP).

must supply STP information for that domain. The STP software treats ports on other dom ains as none xistent . Domains do not affect port priorit ies and por t costs. You set these parameters us ing the STP Configuration menu that you select from the main Configuration menu.

•

SNMP trap tables.

as a physically different Token-Ring switch unit. Certain MIB II objects and proprietary objects are domain-sensitive, while others are not. For a list of domain-se nsitive objects , see Chapter 4, “Monitor ing the Network from the Statistics Menu”.

•

You may give each domain an IP addres s, subnet mask, and gat eway

IP.

address definition.

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuration

If you are using STP in a certain domain, you

Each domain appear s to the network management system

Page 67

•

Address filters.

suppose you cre ate two domains: one conta ining port s 1–8 and th e oth er ports

9–16. If you add an address filter to ports 7, 8, 9, and 10, the filter will work

properly even though it a pplies to ports in other domains.

•

Cros sLink.

same CRF. Therefore, the console software prevents you from defining a

CrossLink connection tha t includes ports in different CRFs. I t also prevents

you from assig ning the Token-Ri ng ports i n an ex isti ng Cros sLink t o different

CRFs.

Domai ns have no effect o n add r ess filters . For exam pl e,

All the Token-Ring ports in a single C r ossLink must belong to the

VLAN Configuration Menu

To open this screen from the main menu, selec t

Configuration.

See the section “VLAN Support” on page 35 for a discussion of VLANs.

Configuration

→

VLAN

Information on the various submenus follows in the next two subsect ions.

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VLAN Configuration Screen

To open this screen from the main menu, select

Configuration

VLAN Configuration.

→

Configuration

→

VLAN

Use the this screen to define and administer BRFs and CRFs in the switch.

TrBRF/TrCRF

ASCII na me associated with the BRF or CRF.

Numeric ID.

Brdg/Rng

Bridge/Ring numbers.

Ports

Port numbers.

Return

Returns to the previous menu.

Scrolls or refreshes the display.

View...

Zooms in a VLAN.

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Page 69

Add...

Prompts for a new ID and brings up the

VLAN Parameter Configuration

screen.

Change...

Prompts for a numeric ID of a BRF or CRF to change and brings up the

Param et e r C o nf ig u r ati o n

screen.

VLAN

Delete

Lets you de lete a BRF or CRF. You canno t delete a BRF if there are CRFs as signed to it, or a CRF if there are ports assigned to it.

Sort

Sorts VLANs by Parent-Child relationship, or by VLAN-ID.

VLAN Parameter Configuration for TrCRF Screen

To open this screen, do the follo wing:

1. From the main menu, se lect

VLAN Configuration.

Configuration

VLAN Configuration

→

2. Select

View..., Add...,

Change...

3. When prompted, enter the VLAN ID for the TrCRF. Use this screen to add or change a CRF. Note that the

deleted. Also, the

trcrf-default

cannot be assigned to other BRFs.

trcrf- default

cannot be

The follo wing information is displayed on this screen:

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Page 70

VLAN ID

Numeric ID of the CRF. Possible values ar e 1 through

and 1 are reserved for the default CRFs and BRFs.

1005

. Values

1002

through

VLAN Name

ASCII name associated with the CRF. Up to 32 characters are allowed.

Parent VLAN

Parent to which the CRF belongs.

State

Curren t sta te of th e CR F. Pos s ibl e va lu es ar e

Operational

and

Suspended

. CRFs in operational state ar e func tional. CRFs in suspended state do not pass pac kets. The default is operational.

Ring Number

Logical r ing number assigned to this CRF. Possible hexadecimal v alues are and

OX001

through

OXFFF

. The d efault is

, meaning t hat the rin g number will

auto

be learned. If the ring number has been learned, the learned ring number will be prefixed with A.

➽ Note:

CRFs know their ring numbers. If you are running the switch in an environment without other bridges/switches, learning of ring numbers is not possible. Hence manual configuration of ring numbers is r equired.

Bridging Mode

Bridging m ode for this CRF. P ossible values are

Max ARE Bridge Hop Count

Maximum number of hops for all-routes explorer (ARE) fram es. Possible values are 1 through 13. The default is 7.

Max STE Bridge Hop Count

Maximum number of hops for spanning tree explorer (S TE) frames. Possible valu es ar e 1 through

TS Connection

This parameter displays the connection attribute assigned to the selected CRF of Fast Etherne t ports that are connected to the Ethernet cloud. The connection attribute can be one of the following:

Forwarding of frames between CRFs in SRB mode is only possible, if the

The default is 7.

13.

SRB

and

. The default is

SRT

SRB

•

Primary

connection - for a main connection to the Ethernet cloud (default

value for each CRF). This connection is always forwarding if active.

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Page 71

•

Secondary 1

is always blocking if

•

Secondary 2

connection is always blocking if

Each CRF of Fast Ethernet ports connected to the same Ethernet cloud must have a different connection attribute set.

Ports in TrCRF

This parameter lists the ports assigned to the CRF.

- for a bac kup connection to the Ethernet cloud. This connection

Primary

- for a second backup connection to the Ethernet cloud. This

is active.

Primary

Secondary 1

are act ive.

VLAN Parameter Configuration for TrBRF Screen

To open this screen, do the follo wing:

1. From the main menu, se lect

VLAN Configuration.

2. Select

View..., Add...

Change...

Configuration

VLAN Configuration

→

3. When prompted, enter the VLAN ID for the TrBRF. Use the this screen to add or chang e a BRF . Note that the

deleted. Also, the shown be l ow.

trbrf-default

cannot be assigned new BRFs. The BRF screen is

trbrf- def ault

cannot be

The follo wing information is displayed on this screen:

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Page 72

VLAN ID

Numeric ID of the BRF. Po ssible value s are 1 through

and 1 are reserved for the default BRFs and CRFs.

1005

. Values

1002

through

VLAN Name

ASCII name associated with the BRF. Up to 32 ch aracters are allowed.

State

Current state of the BRF. Possibl e value s are Operatio nal and Suspen ded. BRF s in operational state ar e func tional. BRFs in suspended state do not pass pac kets. The default is operational.

MTU

Maximum Transfer Unit of the BRF (maximum size of the information field in transm it ted pa cke ts) . P ossi bl e valu es a re

1,500, 4,472

(defau lt) ,

8,144

, and

17,800

The actual value used depends als o on the va lue configur ed for th e port (the sm aller value is used).

These valu es correspond to maximum frame size values of

9,236

, and

18,192

resp ectively.

1,548, 4,546

(default),

The actual value used depends on the value configu r ed for the ports (the smaller value is used).

Bridge Number

Source-routing bridge number for this BRF. Possible hexadecimal va lues are

through F. The default is F.

802.1Q VLAN ID

The 802.1Q VLAN ID is the value that is inserted in the IEEE 802.1Q frame tags. It is entered as a decimal value betwe en 1 and 4094.

The 802.1Q VLAN ID s hould not be confused with the exist ing VLAN ID, which is a number chosen by the user and used by the switch to index CRF s and BRFs. By default, however, the 802.1Q VLAN ID is set to the same value as the VLAN ID.

LAA VLAN MAC Address

This paramete r makes it possible to as sign an Local Administrated Address used for IP communication to the selected VLAN. You will have to reset the switc h before the n ew value ta kes effect. The selected v alue is only u sed for IP (and SNMP over MAC), not for Spanning Tree.

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Local VLAN Port Configuration Screen

To open this screen from the main menu, selec t

Configuration

Local VLAN Port Configuration.

→

Configuration

→

VLAN

Thi s s creen is used to view and ed it current port assignmen t s to CRFs.

Port

The port number.

Mode

VLAN mode of the port. Possible values are

Static

The Fast Ethernet ports will appear as trunk ports in the

Configuration

. This means that more than one CRF can be assigned to the Fast

and

Trunk

Local VLAN Port

Ethernet port s. Note, however, the virtual port restriction described above.

TrCRF

CRF to which the port is currently assigned. By default, all ports are assigned to trcrf-default.

TrBRF

Parent BRF of the CRF to which the port is currently assigned. The default is

trbrf-default

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IP Configuration Screen

To open this screen from the main menu, select

IP Configuration.

Then select the TrBRF to display the screen.

Configuration

→

This sc r een is used to view or change IP information as sociated with a BRF, suc h as the IP address, subnet mask, or IP state, or to send PINGs.

Interface MAC Address

Displays the MAC address assigned to this BRF.

IP Address

Displays the curre n t IP address of the sel ected TrBRF. To change it, highlight the field and press

Default:

192.0.2.1

ENTER

Default Gateway

Displays the current gateway address. The default is the IP address of the gateway or router through which information must pass to get to the network management applica tion.

Default:

0.0.0.0

Subnet Mask

Displays the curre nt subnet mask. Default:

0.0.0.0

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Page 75

IP Sta t e

Display the following choices by highlighting

•

Then hig hli ght one o f the se c hoice s and p ress are as descri bed be low:

•

➽ Note:

0.0.0. 0

•

IP State

IP Disabled BootP When Needed BootP Al w a ys

ENTER

IP Disabled

packets it receives. This means that no IP-SNMP , Ping, Telnet, or ARP Packets will be responded to when received.

Sending a Pin g from an IP-disabled VLAN or a VLAN whose IP a ddress is

is not possible.

BootP When Needed

the V LA N u nt i l th e IP ad dress beco mes differ e nt fro m

BootP When Needed

not initialized (for instance, a new switch out of the box or on a bootup after NVRAM is cleared) or one whose NVRAM is corrupt ed and unreadable, will always attempt to use BootP the first time.

—When a VLAN is IP -dis abled , it will not pro cess an y IP o r ARP

—In this stat e, the switc h will s end out Boot P r equests in

is the fa ctory-s et de fault . A swi tch for which NVRAM is

and pressing

. The meaning of these values

0.0.0.0

ENTER

192.0.2.1

•

➽ Note:

VLANs the de f au lt is

Send PING

Prompts you to ent er an IP addr es s (I P address must be entered and the IP subn et mask must be s et). The system then sends a PING to that address. No te that if you have ju st set th e IP address, you must pre ss a PING can be sent.

BootP Always

fully on boot unt il a BootP repl y has be en recei v e d. If a non-z ero IP addre ss is stored in NVRAM for a g i v en VLAN in t his sta te when booted, it is clea red to

0.0.0.0

For the default TrBRF the value is

since it would never be used.

—In this stat e, IP is enable d for the VLAN b ut will not f unct ion

. For all the other

IP Disabled

BootP wh en Ne ed e d

ENTER

and select the menu again before

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Page 76

BootP Requ ests and Parameters

When using Boot P to de term ine i ts IP a ddress, t he s witch repea ts BootP reque sts a t regular intervals, beginning at one second each and eventually decreasing to every five minutes ove r time until it receives a valid reply. If the IP display for th e VLAN is accessed from the console (or via Telnet from another VLAN) during that tim e, the switch may cease usi ng BootP if the parameters ar e set (on display exit) in such a way that BootP would no longer be necessary - for instance, if the IP state is switched from

0.0.0.0

Once the switc h has stopped send ing BootP requests on a VLAN, it does not restart sending requests on that VLAN and does not recognize BootP responses on that VLAN unless the switch is reset.

Besides the switch's IP address, several other parameters in a BootP response are also recognized and recorded in NVRAM, when received in the same re sponse:

BootP Always

192.0.2.1

is specifie d in an y I P s ta te.

IP-Disabled

or if an IP address different from

•

One other para meter, the TFTP VLAN, is infer red whenever a TFTP Bootfile name is present in the BootP response. That is, if the switch receives a Boot P response that specifies a TF TP Bootfile name, the s witch automatically records the VLAN on which the respons e was received as the TFTP VLAN number. Therefore, the bootfile name should not be specified on a VLAN from which the TFTP server cannot be accessed, either directly or through the VLAN’s default gateway (if one exists). More information on TFTP is available under the section "TFT P " on page 127 in th i s ch ap ter.

➽ Note:

subnet address is the same as that of the IP addre ss specified. If no route rs are specified or if none qualify, the gatew ay ad dres s for the VLAN will be zeroed out and re co rd ed as su ch in NVRAM w h en th e IP sc reen is exit ed .

Default Gateway (see note below) Subnet Mas k TFTP Bootfile Name TFTP Server Address (only recognized if the Bootfile nam e is present)

The default gateway accepted is the first one in the list of routers whose net/

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuration

Page 77

SNMP Configuration Menu

The next menu item in the

Configuration

menu is

SNMP Configuration..

. This item opens a menu that is e xplained in Chapter 5, “Monitoring the Network with SNMP”.

The next secti on describes the Spanning Tr ee Protocol and th e STP menus that you can acce s s fro m the

Configuration

menu.

CrossFire 8 730 Switch R ef erence Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuratio n

Page 78

Spanning Tree Prot oc ol

The spanning tree protocol (S TP) is a bridge-to-br idge link management protocol that provid es path redunda ncy while pre venting unde sirable loops . To provide pat h redundanc y, spanning tree protocol de fines a tree that spans all switches and bridges in the e xtended network. If one of the ne twork segments in the tre e becomes inacce ssible , STP re configu res it self t o reestab lish t he links. To preven t loops , STP selects just one swi tch port as the designated path to the root, assign ing it the Forwardin g, or a ctiv e st ate. It assi gns a ll ot her port s t he bloc ki ng, or stan dby, s tate . A port in the blocki ng state does not forwar d any tra nsmitted frames in any direction.

➽ Note:

path cost, sel ect only the ports which are part of the current VLAN. Do not configure ports in other VLANs.

The path cost indicates the r elative spe ed of the segment: The higher the speed of the segment , the lower the path cost. Swit ches and bridges in the network at tempt to determine the path to the route with the lowest path cost. IEEE 802.1D recommends tha t you assign path costs us ing the following formula:

Path cost = 1000 / LAN spee d in Mbps If two ports to the root have the same path cost, the STP device selects the one with

the highest priority (lowest value), an arbitrary value that you assign. To block traffic on a particular segment, assign it low port priority (high value)

If more po rts have the same priorit y va lue a ssigned , the lowe st p ort number will be selected.

IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

In the VLAN STP confi gurati on menu, f or the sele ction of por t pri orit y/po rt

When the IEEE 802.1D Spa nning Tree Prot ocol is a ctive, a port wi thin tha t domain will require se veral seconds to make the transi tion from the blocking state to the forwarding st ate, when the port is ini tially activated (e.g. joins an existing ring or activates a dedicated link.) Some client or server applications may attempt to establis h s es sion activity during this time, resulting in error messages indicating a connection failure. These applications should be configured to wait at lea s t 30 seconds af ter the LAN link i s activ e, before att empting to esta blish ses sion activi ty. This delay can be re duced by modifying the 802.1D Spannin g Tree Protocol defaul t parameters.

If STP is ena ble d on a dedica te d port , and a stati on is at tac he d to it, it take s at le ast 30 seconds for the port to transi tion Down Forwarding.

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuration

→

Listening

→

Learning

→

Page 79

The IPX c lient and server stations may have given up before then. And the first many PINGs get lost.

In general , STP should not be enabled on ports, which are intended for dedicated stations. Shared media do not ha ve the same problem, because the port will stay attached to the Hub, even though all sta tions have closed.

Another reason for not enabling STP on dedicated ports is, that th e whole network will go into To pology Change state each time a station opens or closes. This will cause the whole network to use short aging timers, so all address tables will be trashed. The result is a lot of unknown station broadcasts, before the tables converge again.

To disable STP on a port, select the STP Mode

Forwarding

for this port. Refer to

the “STP Mode ” pa r a mete r on page 71 .

Spanning Tree for TrBRF Screen

To open this screen from the main menu, do the fol lowing:

1. Select

Configuration

Spanning Tree. A

→

VLANs appears.

2. Choose a T rBRF from the l ist. The

Spanning T ree f or TrBRF

appear. From this screen you can go on to s elect TrCRF s and ports associated with the BRF for modi ficati on (

T rCRF & Port Spanning T ree Parameters...

list containing available Tr BRF

screen will now

STP Participation

Whether this TrBRF participates in the spanning tree protocol and, if so, the

CrossFire 8 730 Switch R ef erence Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuratio n

Page 80

protocol to be use d. Possible values are No,

. The default is No.

Mode

•

STP Participation

will be set to forwarding mode. You can then ove rride this by blocking a particular TrCRF.

•

STP Participation

used to de termi ne th e fo rw ar d ing/b lo ck ed m o d e of th e TrCRFs that are configured with an STP mode of

•

STP Participation

protocol us ed is based on the bridging mode of the TrCRF. If the bridging mode is SRB, the IBM Spanning Tree Protocol is used. If the bridging mode is SRT, the IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol is used.

For a particula r TrCRF the pro tocols selec ted here ca n be overri dden. See the

Mode

IEEE STP Uses Bridge Functional Address

•

parameter in the section “Spanning Tree for TrCRF Screen” on page 67.

: Sets IEEE Spanning Tree to use the Bridge Functional Address.

Yes

is set to No, then all TrCRFs with this TrBRF as a parent

is set to

IEEE

auto

Base on Bridging Mode

IEEE, IBM

IBM

, then the sele cted prot ocol wil l be

, and

Base on Bridging

, then the spanning tree

STP

•

Bridge Priority

Enter a priority value for this switch. The bridge with the lowest priority value in an STP becomes the root. (To change individual port priorities, enter the

Spanning Tree Parameters

Range: 0– Default:

Bridge Hello Time (in Seconds)

Enter a tim e between configuration messages when this switch is r oot. The minimum value m ay not be less than 1. Th e maximum may not be more than the lower of 10 or appe ar s ref lects th e v al u e curren tl y se le ct ed for

Default:

Bridge Maximum Message Age (in Seconds)

Enter the maximum message age advertised when this switch is root. The minimum value may not be le ss than the high er of 6 or (2 x ( maximum may not be more than t he lowe r of 40 or (2 x (

1)). The range limits that appe ar re flect the values currently sele cted for

Hello Time

: Sets IEEE Spanning Tree to use the st anda rd IEEE STP Address.

screen.)

65535

32768

/2–1. The upper range limi t that

Switch Maximum Mes sage Age

Switch Hello Time

Swit ch Fo rwa rd Dela y

+ 1)). The

Switch Maximum Message Age

and

Switch Forward Delay

Port

–

Switch

Default:

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuration

Page 81

Bridge Forward Delay (in Seconds)

Enter t he time the switch waits between transitions from listeni ng to learning, and from lear ning to forwarding. The mini mum may not be less than the larger of 4 or ((

Switch Maximum Message Age

/ 2) +1). The maximum may not be highe r th an

30. The lower range limit that appears reflects the value currently selected for

Switch Maximum Age

Default:

TrCRF & Port Spanning Tree Parameters...

If you select the

TrCRF & Port Spanning Tree Parameters

item, you will be presented with a screen listing the TrCRFs that have the current TrBRF as parent. From this screen, you c an select a TrCRF and modify the TrCRF and/or port parameters as desired.

Spanning Tree for TrCRF Screen

To open this screen from the main menu, do the fol lowing:

1. Select

Configuration

Spanning Tree.

→

VLANs appears.

2. Choose a T rBRF to ope n the

the

TrCRF & Port Spanning Tree Pa ramet ers.. .

Spanning Tre e fo r T r BRF

3. A screenwill app ear displayi n g the TrCRFs t hat have the cu rrently sel ected

TrBRF as parent. When you select a TrCRF from this list, the

for Tr CRF screen

is displayed.

A list containing availabl e TrBRF

screen and then select

item .

Spanning Tree

CrossFire 8 730 Switch R ef erence Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuratio n

Page 82

STP Mode (Tr BRF to TrCRF)

Deter mines the mode of the internal port fr o m this TrCRF to its Tr BRF. Possible values are spanning tree protocol , then by the pa rent T rBRF . If the T rBRF is not parti cipating in the s panning tree protocol, then forwarding is the

STP Priority

Priority associated with the TrCRF . The TrCRF with the lowest priority value has the highest priority and will forward the spanning tree frames. The default is The possible range is 0 through

STP Cost

Cost asso ciated with the TrCRF. The spanning tree protoc ol uses path costs to determine whi ch CRF to select as a forwar ding CRF. The r efore, lo wer numbers should be as signed to C RFs that use f ast er medi a (such as FDX or Cro ssLink) , and higher num bers should be assigned to CRFs that use slower media. The possible range is 1 to speed in Mbps.

auto, forwarding, blo ck ed

auto

65,535

default

. The default is 62. The recommended path cost is 1000 /LAN

. If the par ent TrBR F is p ar ticip a ting in the

is t he de faul t, and the protocol wi ll be determin ed

128

(decimal).

255

STP Participation (T rCRF to ports)

Wheth er this TrCRF participates in the s panning tree proto col and, if so, the protocol to be use d. Possible values are No,

The recommended proto col is IEEE, but if the TrCRF conta ins more th an one port and the port(s) are connecte d to SRT bridges running the IEEE Spanning Tree Protocol (using the IEEE group address), the n the Cisco protocol should be used.

•

STP Participation

set to forwarding mode. You can then ov erride this by blocking a particular port.

•

STP Partic i pa tio n

be used to determine the configured with an STP mode of

Switch Priority

Prior ity value for this switch (0 through higher the priority. The bridge or switch with the lowest priority value in a spanning tree beco mes the root. The defaul t is select

Port Spanning Tree Parameters...

is set to No, then all ports belonging to this TrCRF will be

is set to

forwarding/blocked

IEEE

auto

32,768.

Cisco

65,535

(To c hange i ndividua l port pr oper tie s,

and

IEEE

). The lower the priority value, the

Cisco

, then the selected protocol will

mode of the ports that are

. The de f au lt is No.

Switch He llo Ti m e (i n S econds)

Time the switch waits before sending the next configuration message when this CRF is the root in STP. The default is 2.

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuration

Page 83

The minimum value is 1. The maximum value is the lower of 10 or ((

Maximum Message Age

The valid range for this parameter is displayed when you select

/ 2) – 1).

Switch Hello Time

Switch

Switch Maximum Message Age (in Seconds)

Maximum m essag e age us ed when t his CRF is th e root in S TP. T his p ara mete r se ts the time at which the configur ation message use d by the spanning tree algorithm should be dis carded. The defaul t is 20. The minimum value is the higher of 6 or ((

Switch Hello Time

The maximu m cannot be m ore than the lower of 40 or ((

x 2) + 1).

Switch Forward Delay

2) – 1). The range l imits tha t appear when you sele ct this parameter a re calcula ted usin g the

values currently selected for

Switch Hello Time

and

Switch Forward Delay

Switch Forward Delay (in Seconds)

The time the swi tch waits between transitions from listening to learning and from learning to forwarding. The defa ult is 15. The minimum is the larger of 4 or ((

Switch Maximum Message Age /

2) + 1). The maximum is 30.

The lowe r range limit t hat appears when you s elect this pa rameter reflec ts the v alue currently selected for

Switch Maximum Age

Port Spanning Tree Parameters...

Selecting this item brings up the

Port Spanning Tree Parameters

screen.

CrossFire 8 730 Switch R ef erence Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuratio n

Page 84

Port Spanning Tree Parameters Screen

To open this screen do the following:

1. Starting from the mai n me nu, s elect

Configuration

Spanning Tree.

→

A list

containi ng available TrBRF VLANs appears.

2. Choose a TrBRF to o pen t he the

Tr CRF & Port Spanning Tree Parameters...

Spanning T ree f or TrBRF

screen and then select

item.

3. A screen will appear displaying the TrCRFs that have the currently selected TrBRF as parent. When you sele ct a TrCRF from this list, the

for Tr C R F screen

4. On the

Spanning Tree for TrCRF

is displayed.

screen, select

Port Spanning Tr ee

Spanning Tree

Parameters...

Use the

Port Spanning Tree Parameters

screen to set up STP priorities for each port.

Port

The number of the port.

Priority

Prior ity associated with the port . The port with the lowest priority value has the highest priority and will forward the spanning tree frames. The default is possible range is 0 through the lowe st port number forwards the spanning tree frames.

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuration

128

(decimal). If all ports hav e the same priorit y va lue,

255

. The

Page 85

Path Cost

Cost associated with the port. The spanning tree protocol uses port path costs to determine which port to select as a forwar ding port. Therefore, lower num bers should be assigned to ports atta ched to faster media (such as FDX or CrossLink), and higher numbers should be assigned to ports attached to slo w er media. The possible range is 1 to

65, 5 35

. The default is 62. The recommended pa th cost is

1000 / LAN speed in Mbps.

STP Mode

The port ’s spanning tree mode. P ossible values are

forwarding, blocked

, and

auto

If the T rCRF to which the port be longs is partici pating in the spanning tree prot ocol, then

is the defaul t and t he select ed prot ocol will be use d to det ermin e whethe r

auto

the port is forwardin g or blocked. If the TrCRF to whic h the port belongs is not partic ipating in the spanning tree protocol, then

forwarding

is the default.

To view more ports in the table.

Change

To change or add values to specific ports.

Current Spanning Tree Information Screen

A summary of STP information for each port is available from the

Spanning Tree Information

screen. See page 173 in Chapter 4, “Monitoring the

Network from the Statistics Menu” for more information.

Curren t

CrossFire 8 730 Switch R ef erence Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuratio n

Page 86

Port Configuration Screen

To open this screen do the following:

1. Start ing from the main me nu, select

2. You will be prompted for a port number. Token-Ring ports are 1-20, Fast Ethernet port s are 21, 22, 25, or 26. When you ha ve ent ered the port number , the

Port Configuration

screen for that port will be displayed.

Configuration

Port Configuration.

→

Token-Ring Port Configuration

The Token-Ring ports are between 1 and 20. For these ports you will see the following screen:

➽ Note:

operational fiel d value shown will be prefixed with A-.

Name

This field is for as signing a name to the Toke n-Ring port.

TrBRF

This field is for informational purposes only, and shows the parent TrBRF of the TrCRF tha t the port is assigned to.

TrCRF

This field is fo r informational purposes only, and shows the TrCRF that the port is assigned to.

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuration

When

is selected for fie ld s th a t s u pp o r t th e a ut o op t io n , th e curren t

auto

Page 87

Enabled

For the Token-Ring ports 1-20 this variable shows if the port is currently enabled via manag ing. Poss ible valu es are is

Yes

(enabled) or No (disab led). The de fault v alue

Yes

Status

This field is for informat ional purposes only, and shows if the port is curr ent ly inserted into the ring.

Address Demand Aging Level

Sets the threshold on the number of ent ries in the addre ss table on which entri es are aged fa st er . Pos si b le values are 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 percent and

Disable d

Default:

90 percent

Trace Mask

Sets a bit mask for which messages are logged in the message log. This is mainly for debugging purposes by Olicom support.

Media Ty pe

This fie ld is for inform atio nal purpo ses onl y, and sh ows the m edia t ype of t he port . The v alue will always be

RJ-45

, since this is the type of all the ports on CrossFire

8730.

Me d ia Speed

The Token-Ring media speed. Pos sibilities are 4 or swi tch por t co nfigured with

discovers a connection to shared me d ia, it will

Auto

16 Mbps

Auto

. When a

open and insert into the ring. If the open returns with an indicatio n, that the port is the first s tation to enter the ring, it will close.

Thi s algorithm is an alogue to that of auto-sensing adapters, which dictates that an adapte r, which is capable of speed adjust ment, must have some other statio n on the ring (typically a serv er), from which it can sense the network speed.

If you want to have switch ports, which are attached to shared media, it is recommended t hat you cha nge the de fault m edia spe ed config uration from either 16 or

4 Mbps

Max Exp lo r er R a te on Inpu t

The maximum Explor er frame forwarding rate per second. Possible values are

Disabled

(def au lt) or 0 -

MTU

The

Maximu m Transfe r Unit

sent or received. Poss ible valu es are

CrossFire 8 730 Switch R ef erence Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuratio n

Auto

5000

is the size of th e information field of packets to be

1,500

and

4,472

(default),

8,144

, and

17,800

Page 88

The actual value used depends also on the value configured for the TrBRF (the smaller value is used).

These values correspond to maximum frame size values of

9,236

➽ Note:

Translation Switch Installation Guide

Force AC Bits on SR Frames

This field specifies if AC bits will be set unconditionally when a port forwards certain LLC frames. Possible values are

Early Token Release

Whether the port is enabled for Early Token Release (ETR). Possible values are and No. The default is is 4 Mbps, the switch will force

Operation Mode

The Token-Ring port operation mode. Possible values are as follows:

•

1,548, 4,546

, and

18,192

See the description on frame length limit in the

(default. Only HDX and FDX modes can be automatically detected.)

Auto

respectively.

. If

Yes

Early Token Release

CrossFire 8730 Fast Ethernet

and No (default).

Yes

is set to

Early Token Release

and the media speed

Yes

No.

(default),

Yes

•

HDX port

•

HDX station

•

FDX port

•

FDX station

•

RI/RO

Only on ports 19 and 20.

•

Passive

(this value is not user-selectable, and will be displayed if the port has been selected as a passive monitoring port on the

Forwarding Mode

Forwarding mode that will be used to transmit frames. Possible values are

through

, the actual mode will depend on the number of errors that occur during the

auto

sampling interval. If the error rate is below the error low threshold, then mode is used. If the error rate is above the error high threshold, then is used. The media speed of 4 Mbps and for teh Fast Ethernet ports.

, and

store & forward

Switched Port Analyzer

. The default is

mode is always used for Token-Ring ports with a

. If the forwarding mode is set to

auto

cut-through

store & forward

screen).

auto, cut-

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuration

Page 89

Priority Th res h ol d

The highest Toke n-Ring frame priority that will go to the low priority tra nsmit queue. Possible values are 0–7. The default value is 3).

Min Transmit Priority

The minimum Token-Ring frame priority that will be used for transmits. Possible values are 0–6. The defaul t value is 4.

Error High Threshold

This fiel d is only valid when a port to

store & forward

Forwarding Mode

mode when the percentage of errors detected in the Sampling Interval is more than the error high threshold. Possible values are 0– percent. The de fault value is

percent.

is set to

, and is used to forc e

auto

100

Error Low Threshold

This field is onl y valid when a port to

cut-through

mode when the perce ntage of errors detecte d in the Sampl ing

Forwarding Mode

Inte rval i s le ss tha n t he err o r l ow t hr esh o ld. Pos sib l e v al ues are 0–

is set to

, and is used to return

auto

percent. The

100

defa u l t value is 1 percent.

Error Sampling Interval

This field is only valid when

Forwarding Mode

is set to

, and specifies a

auto

samplin g period in minutes. Th e s am pling period is used when counting errors to determine a ports for warding mo de. Possi ble values are 1–

minutes. The default

value is 10.

Cfg Loss Thre s ho ld

Configuration loss occurs when a port completes a conne ction, allows data traffic to flow, and subs equently closes. This threshold is used to control the number of configura tion lo sse s that c an occu r with in the

Cfg L os s Sa m pl i ng Inter v a l

. When the threshold is exceeded, the port is disabled and must be enabled via this screen or an SNMP manager. Possible values are 1–

The default value is 8.

100.

Cfg Loss Sampling Interval

Specifies a sampling period in minutes. The number of configuration losses occurring within this interval is compare to the should be disabled. Possible values are 1–60 minutes. The default value is 10.

➽ Note:

If you change any co nfigurat ion parameter s of a connected port, the port will close and reo pen and you will lose all address info rmation and stati st ics for that port.

CrossFire 8 730 Switch R ef erence Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuratio n

Cfg Loss Threshold

to d etermine if a port

Page 90

Fast Ethernet Port Configuration

The Fast Ethernet ports are 21, 22, 25, and 26. For these ports you will see the following screen,

TS Port Configuration

Name

This field is for as signing a name to the port.

Enabled

For the Fast Ethernet ports 21, 22, 25, and 26, th is variable se ts the administrative state of the port, possible values are LINK LED will blink.

Default:

Status

This field is for informational purposes only, and shows if the port is currently inserted into the ring. The value displayed ca n be one of th e following:

•

Down

•

Going Up

•

Yes

The port is down. The port is enabled and the auto-negotiation is trying to

establish a protocol connection. The port is up.

and No. When the port is disa bled, the

Yes

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuration

Page 91

Operatio n Mode

This paramet er displays the mode of the Fast Ethernet por t. The value can be one of the foll o w in g:

•

Auto FDX 10

•

Auto FDX 100

•

Auto HDX 10

•

Auto HDX 100

•

state-unknown

Address Demand Aging Level

Sets the threshold on the number of ent ries in the addre ss table on which entri es are aged fa st er . Pos si b le values are 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 percent and

Default:

Trace Mask

Sets a bit mask for which messages are logged in the message log. This is mainly for debugging purposes by Olicom support.

Virtual Port Configuration

90 percent

The port is running in full duplex 10Mbps The port is running in full duplex 100Mbps The port is running in half duplex 10Mbps The port is running in half duplex 100Mbps The port is disabled or the link is off

Disable d

Opens the

Virtual Port Configuration

screen, see page 78.

CrossFire 8 730 Switch R ef erence Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuratio n

Page 92

Virtual Port Configuration

This section describes virtual port configuration for the Fas t Ethernet ports.

Virtual Port Configuration Screen

To open this screen do the following:

1. Start ing from the main me nu, select

2. You will be prompted for a port numbe r. Select a Fast Ethernet port, that is, 21, 22, 25, or 26. If the Fast Ethernet port has more than one virtual port, a list of the corre s ponding CRFs appears, from which the virtual po rt must be selected. The

Port Configuration

3. On the

Port Configuration

scre en appears.

screen, select

Configuration

Virtual Port Configuration

Port Configuration.

→

...

The following menu options are available:

Enabled

Sets the administrative state of the virtual port, possible values are Default:

Status

Display only. Shows the current status of the virtual port.

•

Admin down

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuration

Yes

The port or virtual port is disabled.

Yes

and

No.

Page 93

•

Waiting for port up

•

Forwarding

•

Temporary down

MTU

You can only use the value MTU configured:

Actual Fast Ethernet frame size: LF bits:

Max Broadcast Rate (frames/sec)

Sets the maximum broadcast frame rate; possible values are 0 to or

Disabled

forwarded from the Fast Ethernet side of the virtual port to the switch.

. If enabled, this will limit the amo unt of broadcast frames being

The virtual port is waiting for the port to come up.

The virtual port is up but not forwarding. The virtual port is up and forwarding. The virtual port is currently do wn because the port is

temporarily down.

as MTU.

1500

1500 1558 001

5000

frames/sec

Default:

VLAN Tagging Mode

Sets the VLAN tagging mode of the virtual port; possible values are

Untagged

port ca n be unt ag ged. Al l o ther vi rtu al port s mu st be t agged a nd the 802 .1Q VLAN ID must be the same in both ends.

Prefer ably, the VLAN which is expected to have the largest amount of traffic should be untagged, since VLAN tagging does impose a small overhead.

Default:

FC Modi fication

Enabled F C modification preserves frame priority during translation between Ethernet a nd Token-Ring (both directions). Possible values are Enable d and Disabled. As discussed earlier a VLAN frame tag also cont ains a 3-bit priority field. If FC modification is enabled, the Token-Ring frame priority in the FC byte is set to th e f rame tag pr iority. If FC modification is disabled, the FC priority is set to 0, and the frame tag priority is discarded.

Disabled

Tagged

. As explaine d previously at most one virtual port on each Fast Ethernet

Untagged

for the first virtual port and

Tagged

for the subsequent ports.

and

When a Fast Ethernet port ins erts a frame tag in a frame, and FC modification is enabled the Fast Ethernet port uses the FC priority from Toke n-Ring frame. Otherwis e the frame tag priority is set to 0 and the FC priority is discarded.

Default:

CrossFire 8 730 Switch R ef erence Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuratio n

Disabled

Page 94

Address Aging Time

Sets the aging time for address es learned on an Fast Ethernet port. Possible value are 1 to

minutes or 0 to

9999

disable aging

. When there has been no activity on an address using the RIF entry for the spe cified period of time it is deleted from the RIF tables.

➽

Default: 5

minutes

RIF Aging Time

Sets the aging tim e for RIF entrie s lear ned on a Fast Ethernet port. Poss ible va lues are 1 to

minutes or 0 to

9999

disabl e aging

. When no frames with the RIF have been receive d for the sp ecified pe riod of time the RIF entry is deleted from the RIF table and the status is changed to

RIF unknown

This is also tr u e for add r ess es le arn t f rom trans pa re nt fra me s. Su ch ad dres se s ha ve the

no RIF

Default: 3

status set. In such case the status is aged to “RIF unknown” status.

minutes

RIF Not Learn Interval

Sets the learning blocked interval for RIF entries. Possible value are 0 to 900 seconds. A new RIF c ann ot be le arned unl ess a s peci fied pe riod of ti me has passe d since the current RIF entry was learned.

Default:

8 seconds

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuration

Page 95

Frame Conversion Configuration

This section describes how to configure fram e con vers ion on a Fast Ether net port.

Frame Conversion Configuration Screen

To open this screen do the following :

1. Starting from the main me nu, select

2. You will be prompted for a port number. Token-Ring ports are 1-20, Fast Ethernet p orts are 2 1, 22, 25, or 26. When you ha ve e ntered the port number , th e

Port Configuration

3. On the

4. On the

Configuration...

Port Configuration Virtual Po rt Configuration

screen for that port will be displayed.

screen, select

. The

Frame Conversion Configuration

Configuration

Virtual Port Configuration

screen, select

Port Configuration.

→

Frame Conversion

screen appears.

...

IP Conversion Status

Information only. Shows the current status of the IP Conversion. Possi bl e v al u es ar e

CrossFire 8 730 Switch R ef erence Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuratio n

Enabled

and

Disabled

Page 96

IP Conversion Parameters Change...

This item opens a s creen on which you can change IP conversion parameters. See page 83 for information.

Novell Conversion Status

Information only. Shows the current stat us of the Novell Conver si on. Possible values are

Enabled

and

Disabled

Novell Conversion Parameters Change

This item opens a screen on which you can change Novell conversion parameters. See pa ge 85.

NetBios Conversion Status

Information only. Shows the current stat us of the NetBios Conversion. Possible values are

Enabled

and

Disabled

NetBios Conversion Parameters Change

This item open s a screen on which you can change Net Bios convers ion paramete rs. See pa ge 87.

SNA Conversion Status

Display only. Shows the current status of the SNA Conversion. Possible values are

Enabled

and

Disabled

SNA Conversion Parameters Change

This item opens a screen on which you can change SNA conversion parame ters. See pa ge 89.

Other Frames w/SNAP Conversion Status

Display only. Shows the current status of the Other Fram es With SNAP Conversion. Possible values are

Enabled

and

Disable d

Other Frames w/SNAP Conversion Parameters Change

This item opens a screen on which you can change

Conversion

parameters.

Other Frames w/SNAP

Other Frames w/o SNAP Conversion Status

Display only. Shows the current status of the Other Fram es Without SNAP Conversion. Possible values are

Other Frames w/o SNAP Conversion Parameters Change

This item open a scre en on which you can change

Conversion

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuration

parameters.

Enabled

and

Disable d

Other Frames w/o SNAP

Page 97

IP Frames Conversion Screen

To open this screen do the following :

1. Starting from the main me nu, select

2. You will be prompted for a port number. Token-Ring ports are 1-20, Fast Ethernet p orts are 2 1, 22, 25, or 26. When you ha ve e ntered the port number , th e

Port Configuration

3. On the

4. On the

Configuration...

Select

Port Configuration Virtual Po rt Configuration

IP Conversio n Pa ra m et e rs C h a ng e

screen for that port will be displayed.

screen, select

The

Frame Conversion Configuration

Configuration

Virtual Port Configuration

screen, select

...

Port Configuration.

→

Frame Conversion

screen ap pe ar s.

...

IP Frames Conversion

Sets the state of the IP frames Conversion. Possible values are

Disabled

Default:

IP: Token-Ring Format

Sets the format of IP fr ames on Toke n-Ring. Available formats:

•

CrossFire 8 730 Switch R ef erence Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuratio n

. If the state is set to

Enabled

802.5 SNA P

Enabled

Disabled,

Frame in the IEEE 802.5 format with SNAP

IP traffic will be dropped.

and

Page 98

IP: Ethernet Format

Sets the format of IP fram es on Ethernet. Availa ble formats:

•

802.3 SNAP

•

Etherne t II

Default:

Source Routing

Enables or disables Source Routing in IP frames transmitted to Token-Ring. The possible values:

•

Default: SR.

Explorer Frames Type

Sets the types of explorer that should be used for IP traffic. Possible values:

ARE

Etherne t II

noSR

Frame in the IEEE 802.3 format with SNAP Frame in Ethernet II format

Source Routing information will be added to frames converted from Ethernet to Token-Ring format.

Frame will be transmitted to Token-Ring as a transparent frame.

The All Routes Exp lorer should be used.

STE

Default:

Enable IP Fragmentation

Enables or disa bles fragmentation of IP f rames rec eived from Token-Ring and transmitted to Ethernet. The possible values are

Default:

TR MAC Address for IP Multicasts

Allo w s en t e r i ng th e I P m u lt icast ad dress. The a d dr e s s is en t e r e d in th e MAC address format.

Default:

(change to ARE for typical Token-Ring behaviour for ARP frames)

STE.

Enabled

C00000:040000

The Spanning Tree Explorer should be used.

Enabled

and

Disabled

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuration

Page 99

Novell Conversion Configuration Screen

To open this screen do the following :

1. Starting from the main me nu, select

2. You will be prompted for a port number. Token-Ring ports are 1-20, Fast Ethernet p orts are 2 1, 22, 25, or 26. When you ha ve e ntered the port number , th e

Port Configuration

3. On the

4. On the

Configuration...

Select

Port Configuration Virtual Po rt Configuration

Novell Conversion Parameters Change

screen for that port will be displayed.

screen, select

. The

Frame Conversion Configuration

Configuration

Virtual Port Configuration

screen, select

...

Port Configuration.

→

Frame Conversion

screen appears.

...

NOVELL Frames Conversion

Determines how Novell frames are converted. Possible values ar e

Disabled

Default:

NOVELL: Token-Ri ng Form a t

Sets the format of Novell frames on Token-Ring. Available formats :

•

Default:

CrossFire 8 730 Switch R ef erence Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuratio n

. If the state is set to

Enabled

802.5 SNA P

802.5

Enabled

Disabled

Frame in the IEEE 802.5 format with SNAP Novell naming convention: Token-Ring SNAP

Frame in the IEEE 802.5 format without SNAP Novell naming convention: Token-Ring

Novell traffic will be dropped.

and

Page 100

NOVELL: Ethernet Forma t

Sets the format of Novell frames on Ethernet. Ava ilable formats:

•

802.3

•

Novell 802.3

•

802.3 SNAP

•

Etherne t II

Default:

Source Routing

Enables or dis ables Source Routing in Novell frames transm itted to Token-Ring. Possible val ues:

•

802.3

noSR

Frame in the IEEE 802.2 format Novell naming convention: 802.2

Frame in the IEEE 802.3 format Novell naming convention: Normal 802.3

Frame in the IEEE 802.3 format with SNAP Novell naming con vention: Ethernet SNAP

Frame in Ethernet II format Novell naming con vention: Ethernet II

Source Routing information will be added to frames converted from Ethernet to Token-Ring format.

Frame will be transmitted to Token-Ring as a transparent frame.

Default:

Explorer Frames Type

Sets the type of explorer that should be used for IPX traffic. Possible val ues:

•

Default:

IPX Address Translation

Enables and di sables rever sing MAC address bits in Novell f rames. The possible values are

Default:

noSR

ARE STE

STE

do not bit reverse

The All Routes Exp lorer should be used. Spanning Tree Explorer sh ould be used.

do not bit reverse

and

bit reversed

CrossFire 8730 Switch Reference Guide, DOC-7047 v. 1.1 Switch Configuration