5266 CPU card
Reference manual
Manual part #7739, rev. A07
CONTACT INFORMATION
Front Desk: 303–430–1500
Technical Support: 303–426–4521
FastHelp@octagonsystems.com
www.octagonsystems.com
1
Copyright
Micro PC™ is an Octagon Systems Corporation trademark, and Octagon
Systems Corporation®, and the Octagon logo are registered trademarks of Octagon
Systems Corporation. ROM–DOS™ is a trademark of Datalight. QNX® is a
registered trademark of QNX Software Systems Ltd. Windows 2000®, Windows
NT®, Windows XP® and Windows CE.net® are registered trademarks of Microsoft
Corporation. HyperTerminal ™ is a copyright of Hilgraeve, Inc. CompactFlash™ is
a trademark of San Disk Corporation. Ethernet® is a registered trademark of
Xerox Corporation.
Disclaimer
Copyright 2007—Octagon Systems Corporation. All rights reserved. However, any
part of this document may be reproduced, provided that Octagon Systems
Corporation is cited as the source. The contents of this manual and the
specifications herein may change without notice.
The information contained in this manual is believed to be correct. However,
Octagon assumes no responsibility for any of the circuits described herein, conveys
no license under any patent or other right, and makes no representations that the
circuits are free from patent infringement. Octagon makes no representation or
warranty that such applications will be suitable for the use specified without
further testing or modification.
Octagon Systems Corporation general policy does not recommend the use of its
products in life support applications where the failure or malfunction of a
component may directly threaten life or injury. It is a Condition of Sale that the
user of Octagon products in life support applications assumes all the risk of such
use and indemnifies Octagon against all damage.
Technical Support
Carefully recheck your system before calling Technical Support. Run as many tests
as possible; the more information you can provide, the easier it will be for Technical
Support staff to help you solve the problem. For additional technical assistance, try
the following:
Technical Support telephone: 303–426–4521
E-mail Technical Support:
Applications Notes (via web):
fasthelp@octagonsystems.com
www.octagonsystems.com
Revision History
Revision Reason for Change Date
A07 Initial Production Release 09 / 07
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IMPORTANT!
Please read the following section before installing your product:
Octagon’s products are designed to be high in performance while consuming very
little power. In order to maintain this advantage, CMOS circuitry is used.
CMOS chips have specific needs and some special requirements that the user must
be aware of. Read the following to help avoid damage to your card from the use of
CMOS chips.
Using CMOS circuitry in industrial control
Industrial computers originally used LSTTL circuits. Because many PC
components are used in laptop computers, IC manufacturers are exclusively using
CMOS technology. Both TTL and CMOS have failure mechanisms, but they are
different. Described below are some of the failures that are common to all
manufacturers of CMOS equipment.
The most common failures on CPU control cards are over voltage of the power
supply, static discharge, and damage to the serial and parallel ports. On expansion
cards, the most common failures are static discharge, over voltage of inputs, over
current of outputs, and misuse of the CMOS circuitry with regards to power supply
sequencing. In the case of the video cards, the most common failure is to miswire
the card to the flat panel display. Miswiring can damage both the card and an
expensive display.
Multiple component failures: The chance of a random component failure is
very rare since the average MTBF of an Octagon card is greater than 11 years.
In a 7 year study, Octagon has never found a single case where multiple IC
failures were not caused by misuse or accident. It is very probable that multiple
component failures indicate that they were user-induced.
Testing “dead” cards: For a card that is “completely nonfunctional”, there is
a simple test to determine accidental over voltage, reverse voltage or other
“forced” current situations. Unplug the card from the bus and remove all
cables. Using an ordinary digital ohmmeter on the 2,000 ohm scale, measure
the resistance between power and ground. Record this number. Reverse the
ohmmeter leads and measure the resistance again. If the ratio of the
resistances is 2:1 or greater, fault conditions most likely have occurred. A
common cause is miswiring the power supply.
Improper power causes catastrophic failure: If a card has had reverse
polarity or high voltage applied, replacing a failed component is not an
adequate fix. Other components probably have been partially damaged or a
failure mechanism has been induced. Therefore, a failure will probably occur in
the future. For such cards, Octagon highly recommends that these cards be
replaced.
Other over-voltage symptoms: In over-voltage situations, the
programmable logic devices, EPROMs and CPU chips, usually fail in this order.
3
The failed device may be hot to the touch. It is usually the case that only one IC
will be overheated at a time.
Power sequencing: The major failure of I/O chips is caused by the external
application of input voltage while the power is off. If you apply 5V to the input
of a TTL chip with the power off, nothing will happen. Applying a 5V input to a
CMOS card will cause the current to flow through the input and out the 5V
power pin. This current attempts to power up the card. Most inputs are rated
at 25 mA maximum. When this is exceeded, the chip may be damaged.
Failure on power-up: Even when there is not enough current to destroy an
input described above, the chip may be destroyed when the power to the card is
applied. This is due to the fact that the input current biases the IC so that it
acts as a forward biased diode on power-up. This type of failure is typical on
serial interface chips but can apply to any IC on the card.
Under-rated power supply: The board may fail to boot due to an under-
rated power supply. It is important that a quality power supply be used with
the 5266 that has sufficient current capacity, line and load regulation, hold up
time, current limiting, and minimum ripple. The power supply for the 5266
must meet the startup risetime requirements specified in the ATX Power
Design Guide, version 1.1, section 3.3.5. This assures that all the circuitry on
the CPU control card sequences properly and avoids system lockup.
Excessive signal lead lengths: Another source of failure that was identified
years ago at Octagon was excessive lead lengths on digital inputs. Long leads
act as an antenna to pick up noise. They can also act as unterminated
transmission lines. When 5V is switched onto a line, it creates a transient
waveform. Octagon has seen sub-microsecond pulses of 8V or more. The
solution is to place a capacitor, for example 0.1 µF, across the switch contact.
This will also eliminate radio frequency and other high frequency pickup.
Avoiding damage to the heatsink or CPU
WARNING!
When handling any Octagon CPU card, extreme care must be taken
not to strike the heatsink (if installed) against another object, such
as a table edge. Also, be careful not to drop the CPU card, since this
may cause damage to the heatsink or CPU as well.
Note Any physical damage to the CPU card is not covered under warranty.
Excessive Thermal Stress
This card is guaranteed to operate over the published temperature ranges and
relevant conditions. However, sustained operation near the maximum temperature
specification is not recommended by Octagon or the CPU chip manufacturer due to
well known, thermal related, failure mechanisms. These failure mechanisms,
common to all silicon devices, can reduce the MTBF of the cards. Extended
operation at the lower limits of the temperature ranges has no limitations.
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Table of Contents
Copyright ........................................................................................................................................................... 2
Disclaimer.......................................................................................................................................................... 2
Technical Support ............................................................................................................................................. 2
Revision History ................................................................................................................................................ 2
Using CMOS circuitry in industrial control ........................................................................................................ 3
Avoiding damage to the heatsink or CPU............................................................................................................ 4
Excessive Thermal Stress ................................................................................................................................. 4
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................................. 5
List of Figures........................................................................................................................................................ 9
List of Tables........................................................................................................................................................ 10
Overview: Section 1 – Installation ................................................................................................................. 11
Chapter 1: Overview.......................................................................................................................................... 12
Description .......................................................................................................................................................... 12
5266 major hardware features ........................................................................................................................... 12
CPU.................................................................................................................................................................. 12
SDRAM ............................................................................................................................................................ 12
On-board flash ................................................................................................................................................. 12
CompactFlash socket ...................................................................................................................................... 12
Hard disk and IDE port .................................................................................................................................. 12
USB ports ........................................................................................................................................................ 13
Keyboard / mouse ............................................................................................................................................ 13
Digital I/O and LPT......................................................................................................................................... 13
Ethernet........................................................................................................................................................... 13
Serial ports protected against ESD ................................................................................................................ 13
Video ................................................................................................................................................................ 14
Audio................................................................................................................................................................ 14
Real time calendar/clock with battery backup............................................................................................... 14
Setup information stored in SEEPROM for high reliability ......................................................................... 14
User-available SEEPROM .............................................................................................................................. 14
Watchdog timer added for safety.................................................................................................................... 14
Hardware reset................................................................................................................................................ 14
5 Volt input power........................................................................................................................................... 15
Rugged environmental operation ................................................................................................................... 15
Size................................................................................................................................................................... 15
5266 major software features ............................................................................................................................. 16
Diagnostic software verifies system integrity automatically ........................................................................ 16
General Software BIOS................................................................................................................................... 16
Octagon built in INT 17 BIOS extensions...................................................................................................... 16
Boot sequence .................................................................................................................................................. 16
Chapter 2: Quick start ...................................................................................................................................... 17
Component diagrams, connectors, switches and cables.................................................................................... 17
5266 connectors and switches/jumpers .......................................................................................................... 22
Custom cables.................................................................................................................................................. 23
Mounting the 5266.............................................................................................................................................. 24
Using a Micro PC card cage ............................................................................................................................ 24
Panel mounting or stacking the 5266............................................................................................................. 26
Using the 5266 in a passive ISA backplane ................................................................................................... 29
5266 power supply requirements.................................................................................................................... 30
Installing an operating system........................................................................................................................... 31
OS on CD-ROM onto a hard drive or CompactFlash ........................................................................................ 31
Chapter 3: Setup programs.............................................................................................................................. 34
Setup.................................................................................................................................................................... 34
System BIOS Utility menu ............................................................................................................................. 35
Information Browser menu............................................................................................................................. 35
Basic CMOS Configuration menu .................................................................................................................. 36
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Features Configuration menu......................................................................................................................... 38
Custom Configuration menu........................................................................................................................... 40
Plug-n-Play Configuration menu.................................................................................................................... 42
Shadow/Cache Configuration menu ............................................................................................................... 42
Writing to CMOS and exiting ......................................................................................................................... 43
Overview: Section 2 – Hardware ....................................................................................................................44
Chapter 4: Serial ports...................................................................................................................................... 45
Description .......................................................................................................................................................... 45
Mating receptacles .......................................................................................................................................... 45
Baud rate divisor registers ................................................................................................................................. 45
Serial port configurations................................................................................................................................... 46
Function and use of serial ports......................................................................................................................... 48
COM1 as serial console device........................................................................................................................ 48
COM1 and COM2 as RS–232 I/O ................................................................................................................... 48
COM2 as RS–422 or RS–485 networks .......................................................................................................... 48
RS–422............................................................................................................................................................. 49
RS–485............................................................................................................................................................. 50
Chapter 5: Console devices .............................................................................................................................. 51
Description .......................................................................................................................................................... 51
Selecting console devices .................................................................................................................................... 51
Monitor and keyboard console ........................................................................................................................ 51
Serial console................................................................................................................................................... 53
Hot key access to serial console ...................................................................................................................... 54
Chapter 6: CompactFlash, SDRAM, and battery backup........................................................................... 55
Description .......................................................................................................................................................... 55
CompactFlash ..................................................................................................................................................... 55
Setup configurations for CompactFlash......................................................................................................... 55
Creating a bootable CompactFlash ................................................................................................................ 56
SDRAM................................................................................................................................................................ 56
Battery backup for real time calendar clock...................................................................................................... 57
Installing an AT battery ................................................................................................................................. 57
Chapter 7: External drives............................................................................................................................... 58
Description .......................................................................................................................................................... 58
Setup configurations for hard drives ................................................................................................................. 58
Hard disk controller............................................................................................................................................ 58
Master/slave designation for IDE devices ...................................................................................................... 58
Installing a hard drive........................................................................................................................................ 60
Chapter 8: Bit-programmable digital I/O...................................................................................................... 61
Description .......................................................................................................................................................... 61
BIOS Setup configuration for digital I/O ........................................................................................................... 61
Interfacing to switches and other devices.......................................................................................................... 64
Opto-module rack interface ............................................................................................................................ 64
Organization of banks......................................................................................................................................... 66
Port addressing................................................................................................................................................ 66
19 I/O lines configurable for pulled low / pulled high.................................................................................... 67
Configuring and programming the I/O port ...................................................................................................... 67
Programming the I/O ...................................................................................................................................... 67
Configuring the I/O ......................................................................................................................................... 67
Writing and reading from I/O ......................................................................................................................... 68
I/O output program examples......................................................................................................................... 69
I/O input program examples ........................................................................................................................... 69
Built-in BIOS function definitions ..................................................................................................................... 70
Initialize I/O .................................................................................................................................................... 70
Write I/O .......................................................................................................................................................... 70
Read I/O ........................................................................................................................................................... 71
Chapter 9: LPT1 parallel port ......................................................................................................................... 72
BIOS Setup configuration for LPT1................................................................................................................... 72
Configuring the LPT signals .............................................................................................................................. 72
Creating a printer cable...................................................................................................................................... 73
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Installing a printer ............................................................................................................................................. 74
Chapter 10: CRTs and TFT flat panels .......................................................................................................... 75
Description .......................................................................................................................................................... 75
Video features ..................................................................................................................................................... 75
Connecting a monitor.......................................................................................................................................... 75
Connecting a flat panel display.......................................................................................................................... 77
BIOS Setup for flat panels.............................................................................................................................. 77
Flat panels requiring bias voltage.................................................................................................................. 77
5V flat panels................................................................................................................................................... 77
Connecting the flat panel to the 5266 ............................................................................................................ 78
Chapter 11: Ethernet......................................................................................................................................... 80
Description .......................................................................................................................................................... 80
Chapter 12: USB ................................................................................................................................................. 81
Description .......................................................................................................................................................... 81
USB hard drives and CD-ROMs ........................................................................................................................ 81
Chapter 13: Audio and PC beep speaker ...................................................................................................... 82
Description .......................................................................................................................................................... 82
Overview: Section 3 – System management................................................................................................. 83
Chapter 14: Watchdog timer and hardware reset ......................................................................................84
Description .......................................................................................................................................................... 84
Booting, power down, and strobing the watchdog timer ............................................................................... 84
Watchdog function definitions using enhanced INT 17h handler ....................................................................85
Enable watchdog ............................................................................................................................................. 85
Strobe watchdog .............................................................................................................................................. 85
Disable watchdog............................................................................................................................................. 86
Hardware reset ................................................................................................................................................... 86
Chapter 15: Serial EEPROM............................................................................................................................ 87
Description .......................................................................................................................................................... 87
Built-in INT 17h function definitions ................................................................................................................ 87
Serial EEPROM .................................................................................................................................................. 87
Read a single byte from the serial EEPROM................................................................................................. 87
Write a single byte to the serial EEPROM .................................................................................................... 87
Return serial EEPROM size ...........................................................................................................................88
Chapter 16: System switches, user switches, BIOS update and LEDs................................................... 90
System switches.................................................................................................................................................. 90
System switch.................................................................................................................................................. 90
Video switch..................................................................................................................................................... 90
User switch ...................................................................................................................................................... 90
INT17 calls to read user switches ...................................................................................................................... 91
BIOS programming using REFLASH.EXE ....................................................................................................... 92
LEDs.................................................................................................................................................................... 92
Chapter 17: CPU clock and ISA bus interrupt routing .............................................................................93
CPU clock speed.................................................................................................................................................. 93
ISA bus and onboard interrupt routing ............................................................................................................. 93
Chapter 18: Troubleshooting........................................................................................................................... 95
No system LED activity...................................................................................................................................... 95
No CRT or flat panel video ................................................................................................................................. 95
Video is present but is distorted......................................................................................................................... 96
No serial console activity .................................................................................................................................... 96
Garbled serial console screen activity................................................................................................................ 96
System generates a BIOS message but locks up when booting........................................................................ 97
System will not boot from CompactFlash .......................................................................................................... 97
System locks up on power-up; may or may not respond to reset switch .......................................................... 97
System locks up after power-down/power-up .................................................................................................... 97
LED signaling of “beep” counts .......................................................................................................................... 97
Technical assistance ......................................................................................................................................... 102
Overview: Section 4 – Appendices................................................................................................................ 103
Appendix A: 5266 technical data .................................................................................................................. 104
Technical specifications .................................................................................................................................... 104
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CPU................................................................................................................................................................ 104
Front Side Bus............................................................................................................................................... 104
PCI and LPC bus clock.................................................................................................................................. 104
ISA bus clock ................................................................................................................................................. 104
BIOS............................................................................................................................................................... 104
SDRAM .......................................................................................................................................................... 104
On-board flash ............................................................................................................................................... 104
Hard drive...................................................................................................................................................... 104
CompactFlash socket .................................................................................................................................... 104
USB................................................................................................................................................................ 104
Serial I/O........................................................................................................................................................ 104
Digital I/O ...................................................................................................................................................... 104
LPT................................................................................................................................................................. 104
Keyboard and mouse ports............................................................................................................................ 104
Ethernet......................................................................................................................................................... 105
Video .............................................................................................................................................................. 105
Audio.............................................................................................................................................................. 105
Watchdog timer ............................................................................................................................................. 105
Real time clock............................................................................................................................................... 105
Operating systems......................................................................................................................................... 105
Power requirements ...................................................................................................................................... 105
Environmental specifications ....................................................................................................................... 105
Size................................................................................................................................................................. 105
Weight............................................................................................................................................................ 105
Excessive Thermal Stress ............................................................................................................................. 105
Mating connectors............................................................................................................................................. 106
Maps .................................................................................................................................................................. 107
Switch settings.................................................................................................................................................. 109
Jumper Settings................................................................................................................................................ 110
Connector pin–outs ........................................................................................................................................... 111
Appendix B: Software utilities...................................................................................................................... 118
Introduction....................................................................................................................................................... 118
Support commands........................................................................................................................................ 118
REFLASH.EXE................................................................................................................................................. 119
RESET.COM ..................................................................................................................................................... 119
Appendix C: Accessories.................................................................................................................................. 120
Warranty ............................................................................................................................................................. 121
Limitations on warranty................................................................................................................................... 121
Service policy..................................................................................................................................................... 121
Returning a product for repair ......................................................................................................................... 121
Returns.............................................................................................................................................................. 122
Governing law ................................................................................................................................................... 122
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List of Figures
Figure 2–1 5266 component diagram (top) ........................................................................................18
Figure 2–2 5266 component diagram (bottom).................................................................................. 19
Figure 2–3 5266 dimensions (inches).................................................................................................20
Figure 2–4 5266 dimensions (mm).....................................................................................................21
Figure 2–5 5266, VGA monitor, and USB keyboard .........................................................................25
Figure 2–6 Edge connector orientation..............................................................................................25
Figure 2–7 Populated Micro PC card cage.........................................................................................26
Figure 2–8 Panel mounting the 5266.................................................................................................27
Figure 2–9 Stacking the 5266 ............................................................................................................27
Figure 2–10 Power connector: J11 diagram ........................................................................................28
Figure 2–11 5266, VGA monitor, USB keyboard, and power supply .................................................28
Figure 2–12 Using a passive ISA backplane .......................................................................................30
Figure 2–13 Installing an operating system........................................................................................33
Figure 4–1 COM ports ........................................................................................................................ 46
Figure 4–2 VTC-20F cable and null modem adapter ........................................................................47
Figure 4–3 Typical RS–422 four-wire interface circuit.....................................................................49
Figure 4–4 Typical RS–485 two–wire half duplex interface circuit .................................................50
Figure 5–1 Monitor and keyboard as console ....................................................................................52
Figure 5–2 The 5266 and a serial console..........................................................................................54
Figure 7–1 5266 with IDE devices .....................................................................................................59
Figure 8–1 Typical digital I/O configuration .....................................................................................63
Figure 8–2 Organization of banks......................................................................................................66
Figure 9–1 Custom printer cable .......................................................................................................73
Figure 10–1 The 5266 and a VGA monitor..........................................................................................76
Figure 10–2 The 5266 and a flat panel display ...................................................................................78
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List of Tables
Table 2–1 5266 connector functions .................................................................................................22
Table 2–2 5266 switch/jumper functions .........................................................................................22
Table 4–1 Baud rate divisors............................................................................................................45
Table 4–2 COM1 and COM2 connector pin-outs (J4 connector).....................................................47
Table 4–3 COM2 termination switch, Switch 2...............................................................................47
Table 6–1 CompactFlash, UDMA, RS485 termination switch, SW2..............................................55
Table 6–2 Battery connector.............................................................................................................57
Table 8–1 J7 arranged by function – digital I/O connector.............................................................62
Table 8–2 J7 arranged by pins – digital I/O connector....................................................................62
Table 8–3 Digital I/O opto-rack interface ........................................................................................65
Table 8–4 Digital I/O pulled high / pulled low jumper ....................................................................67
Table 8–5 I/O port byte .....................................................................................................................68
Table 9–1 LPT lines pulled low jumper ...........................................................................................72
Table 9–1 DB-25 routing to J7 connector.........................................................................................74
Table 10–1 J6 – CRT connector..........................................................................................................76
Table 10–2 J501 – flat panel connector..............................................................................................79
Table 11–1 Ethernet LEDs.................................................................................................................80
Table 13–1 J9 – audio connector ........................................................................................................82
Table 13–2 W2 – PC speaker connector.............................................................................................82
Table 16−1 System configuration switches, Switch 500....................................................................90
Table 17–1 ISA bus interrupt routing................................................................................................94
Table 17–2 Onboard interrupt routing ..............................................................................................94
Table 18–1 POST port 80 codes..........................................................................................................98
Table 18–2 BIOS beep counts........................................................................................................... 101
Table A–1 5266 mating connectors .................................................................................................106
Table A–2 5266 I/O map..................................................................................................................107
Table A–3 5266 interrupt map........................................................................................................108
Table A–4 5266 memory map..........................................................................................................108
Table A–5 CompactFlash, UDMA, RS485 termination switch, Switch2 ......................................109
Table A–6 System configuration switches, Switch 500..................................................................109
Table A–7 Digital I/O pulled high / pulled low jumper, W1...........................................................110
Table A–8 ISA bus interrupt routing, W4 and W5.........................................................................110
Table A–9 Onboard interrupt routing, W4 .....................................................................................110
Table A–10 W2 – PC Speaker connector ..........................................................................................111
Table A–11 J1 – Dual USB connector............................................................................................... 111
Table A–12 J2 – Ethernet connector.................................................................................................111
Table A–13 J3 – Battery connector...................................................................................................111
Table A–14 J4 – COM1 and COM2 connector..................................................................................111
Table A–15 J4 – COM2 connector.....................................................................................................112
Table A–16 J5 – USB3/4 connector...................................................................................................112
Table A–17 J6 – CRT connector ........................................................................................................ 112
Table A–18 J7 – Digital I/O connector..............................................................................................113
Table A–19 J7 – LPT connector ........................................................................................................113
Table A–20 J8 – EIDE connector ......................................................................................................114
Table A–21 J9 – Audio connector......................................................................................................114
Table A–22 J10 – ISA bus connector ................................................................................................115
Table A–23 J11 – Power connector ...................................................................................................115
Table A–24 J500 – CompactFlash ....................................................................................................116
Table A–25 J501 – flat panel connector............................................................................................117
Table C–1 Cables and accessories...................................................................................................120
Table C–2 Digital I/O accessories ...................................................................................................120
10
Overview: Section 1 – Installation
Section 1 provides installation and programming instructions, startup options, and
system configuration program examples. The following chapters are included:
Chapter 1: Overview
Chapter 2: Quick start
Chapter 3: Setup programs
11
Chapter 1: Overview
Description
The 5266 is a CPU card in the Micro PC™ form factor. It is intended for higherperformance, low-power embedded control applications. The 5266 integrates serial
communications, Ethernet, IDE hard disk port, CompactFlash socket, digital I/O
with LPT, four USB ports, audio port, and video. The 5266 can be used in a standalone mode or expanded through the Micro PC card cage.
The 5266 comes with a BIOS loaded on a flash device for easy updates. It is fully
compatible with most popular operating systems.
5266 major hardware features
CPU
The CPU is a high-performance, low-power Geode LX 800 processor. It can be
configured to run at 400 or 500 MHz.
The 5266 uses the CS5536 companion chip for some of the peripherals. The 5266
has an LPC Bus speed of 33 MHz, an ISA bus speed of 8.33 MHz and a PCI bus
speed of 33 MHz.
SDRAM
The 5266 supports a single PC2700 or PC3200 DDR SO–DIMM module up to 1 GB.
On-board flash
On board is a PLCC boot flash that contains the BIOS.
CompactFlash socket
The CompactFlash socket accepts a Type I or Type II 3V CompactFlash card. The
CompactFlash appears as an IDE device to the system. The IDE controller
supports two IDE devices. If a CompactFlash is used, only one additional IDE
device can be used. The CompactFlash is configured as a master or slave device
with an on-board jumper.
Hard disk and IDE port
The 5266 IDE controller supports two IDE devices. If a CompactFlash is used, only
one additional IDE device can be used. The controller provides independent timing
associated with master and slave devices. It supports PIO modes 0-4, MDMA
modes 0-2 and Ultra DMA modes 2 and 4.
IDE devices connect through a 44-pin connector. Transfer rates up to UDMA 66 are
supported; however, conventional 44-pin cables only support UDMA 33.
12
USB ports
The 5266 provides four USB 2.0 channels. Two channels are accessed through a
dual stacked port with standard USB type A connectors. The other two channels
are accessed through a 10-pin header. The Octagon two-port USB cable (part
#6288) provides a direct connection from the 10-pin connector to two USB devices.
USB is available when using an operating system that supports USB. DOS legacy
USB is supported, including legacy keyboard / mouse, hard disk drive, and CD
ROM.
All channels are Universal HCI and OHCI compliant.
Note that USB devices are hot-swappable when a device is plugged into a standard
USB connector; the pins on the connectors determine the order in which they make
contact. Devices are not hot-swappable when connected to a non-standard header.
You can hot swap a device through the USB connectors on the two-port USB cable,
or through another USB connector wired to the 10-pin header, but you cannot hot
swap at the 10-pin header itself. The dual stacked port is hot swappable.
The 5266 will boot from a USB drive.
Keyboard / mouse
The 5266 does not have a PS/2 or AT-style connector for keyboard or mouse. The
USB ports support legacy DOS keyboard / mouse.
Digital I/O and LPT
The 24 digital I/O lines will interface with logic devices, switch inputs, LEDs and
industry standard opto module racks. The I/O lines are 0–5V logic compatible. Each
line can sink or source
or outputs.
The digital I/O port can be configured in BIOS Setup as an LPT port supporting
SPP mode.
15mA. The lines can be individually programmed as inputs
Ethernet
The 5266 provides one 10/100BaseT Ethernet port and supports the IEEE 802.3
Ethernet standard.
Serial ports protected against ESD
The 5266 has two serial ports. COM1 is an 8-wire RS–232C port. COM2 can be
configured as 8-wire RS–232C, RS–422, or RS–485.
13
Video
The 5266 supports CRT monitors up to 1600 x 1200 x 24 bpp (bits per pixel)
resolution, and TFT flat panel displays with up to 1024 x 768 x 18 bpp resolution.
Audio
Stereo audio output and input are provided with full duplex operation at line level.
Variable sample rates up to 48 kHz with 8- or 16-bit data resolution per channel
are supported. A separate connector provides the PC AT standard PCBEEP output.
Real time calendar/clock with battery backup
The real time clock is fully AT compatible. An optional off-card battery powers the
real time clock when the 5 volt supply is removed.
Setup information stored in SEEPROM for high reliability
Loss of Setup data is serious in industrial applications. Most PCs store Setup
information in battery-backed CMOS RAM. If the battery fails or is replaced
during routine maintenance, this information is lost. Without a keyboard and
monitor in embedded applications, time consuming re-initialization is required.
The 5266 stores the Setup information in Serial EEPROM.
User-available SEEPROM
The SEEPROM has 720 bytes available to the user. Software routines to use this
available memory come with the 5266.
Watchdog timer added for safety
The watchdog timer resets the system if the program stops unexpectedly. The
watchdog is enabled, disabled and strobed under software control; it can also be
enabled or disabled in Setup. The time-out period is programmable from 1 second
16
seconds.
to 2
Hardware reset
A hardware reset ensures complete reset of the system and all attached
peripherals. A hardware reset can be done by any of the following methods:
An expired watchdog timer cycle
Depressing the reset switch
Cycling power
Power supervisor reset
14
5 Volt input power
The 5266 operates from a 5V±0.25V input. This can be from a card cage, a passive
ISA backplane, or through the on-board power connector. Typical power
consumption is 1.04A @ 500 MHz with 1 GB DDR memory.
Rugged environmental operation
Operating temperature –40° to +70°C *
Nonoperating temperature –55° to 95°C, nonoperating
Relative humidity 5% to 95% noncondensing
Shock 40g, 3 axis
Vibration 5g, 3 axis
* The 5266 will operate up to 85°C for brief periods. Octagon Systems does not
recommend sustained operation over 70°C.
Size
124.46 mm x 114.3 mm, 4.9 in x 4.5 in
Micro PC form factor
15
5266 major software features
Diagnostic software verifies system integrity automatically
The 5266 has built-in diagnostic software that can be used to verify on-card I/O and
memory functions. On power up, a series of tests is performed. If a problem occurs,
the failed test can be identified by a flashing LED or a beep code. The test is
performed automatically every time the system is reset or powered up. Memory
verification does not require software, test equipment, monitor, keyboard, disks, or
test fixtures. See the “Troubleshooting” chapter for a listing of tests and failures
and their descriptions.
General Software BIOS
The 5266 has a General Software BIOS with Octagon BIOS extensions. The BIOS
extensions support the INT17 functions.
Octagon built in INT 17 BIOS extensions
The 5266 has built in INT 17 BIOS extensions which allow easy access to watchdog
timer functions, serial EEPROM, digital I/O, and User Switch access.
Boot sequence
An 5266 can be configured to boot from CompactFlash, a hard disk, or a CD–ROM;
or from a USB device such as a floppy drive, hard drive, CD ROM or flash device.
Refer to the appropriate chapters on these devices for specific configuration
requirements.
16
Chapter 2: Quick start
This chapter covers the basics of setting up a 5266 system. The following topics
are discussed:
Component diagrams, connectors, switches and cables
Panel mounting, stacking, or installing the 5266 into an Octagon Micro PC card
cage
Connecting a monitor and keyboard
Installing an operating system
The 5266 can not be installed in a PC. These cards are designed to be
independent CPU cards only, not accelerators or coprocessors.
Component diagrams, connectors, switches and cables
Figures 2–1 and 2–2 show the connectors and switches and their locations on the
5266. Figure
sections immediately following those figures describe the connectors and switches,
and some cables that you might require.
s 2–3 and 2–4 show the dimensions of the 5266 in inches and millimeters. The
WARNING!
WARNING!
The 5266 contains static-sensitive CMOS components. To avoid
damaging your card and its components:
Ground yourself before handling the card and observe ESD
precautions
Disconnect power before removing or inserting the card in a card
cage
17
Figure 2–1 5266 component diagram (top)
18
Figure 2–2 5266 component diagram (bottom)
19
Figure 2–3 5266 dimensions (inches)
20
Figure 2–4 5266 dimensions (mm)
21
5266 connectors and switches/jumpers
Table 2–1 lists the connector reference designators and function for each of the
connectors. Table 2–2 lists the DIP switch/jumper reference designators and
functions for each. To view the physical location of each connector, switch block and
jumper refer to the illustration on page
see page
Table 2–1 5266 connector functions
Connector Function
W2 PC speaker
J1 USB 1/2
J2 Ethernet
J3 PC battery
J4 COM 1/2
J5 USB 3/4
J6 VGA video
J7 Digital I/O, LPT
J8 Hard drive (IDE)
J9 Audio
J10 ISA connector
J11 Power
J500 CompactFlash
J501 Flat panel
XU500 SO-DIMM
105. For information on custom cables see the following section.
18. For information on mating connectors
Table 2–2 5266 switch/jumper functions
Switch Function
SW1 Reset
SW2 CompactFlash, UDMA, RS422/485 termination
SW500 System switches
W1 Digital I/O and LPT pull up / pull down
W3 Factory use only
W4 ISA IRQ routing
W5 ISA IRQ routing
22
Custom cables
The cables listed below connect to the 5266 and provide industry-standard
interfaces. For ordering information see page
COM PORT VTC-20F Cable. This cable connects to the 20-pin COM1/2 port
and provides two DB-9 female connectors. A VTC-20M provides two DB-9 male
connectors.
CMA-26 Ribbon Cable. Connects the 26-pin digital I/O port to an STB-26
Termination Board to provide access for field wiring.
2 mm VGA-12 Cable. Provides a standard 15-pin VGA interface.
Two-port USB Cable. Converts the 10-pin header for USB3/4 into two
standard USB connectors.
Caution
USB devices are hot-swappable when a device is plugged into a
standard USB connector, as pins on the connectors determine the
order in which they make contact. Devices are not hot-swappable
when connected to a non-standard header. You can hot swap a
device through the USB connector on the two port USB cable, or
through another USB connector wired to the 10-pin header, but you
cannot hot swap at the 10-pin header itself.
120.
23
Mounting the 5266
The 5266 can be installed in one of several ways:
Plugging it directly into an 8–bit Micro PC card cage
Using the optional PC mounting bracket and plugging it into any 8–bit
passive ISA backplane
Panel mounting it using the four mounting holes
Stacking it with other Micro PC cards
Using a Micro PC card cage
To install the 5266 in a Micro PC card cage, you will need the following equipment
(or equivalent):
5266 CPU card
Micro PC card cage (5xxx Card Cage)
Power module (510x or 71xx Power Module)
A device with an operating system. The device could be USB,
CompactFlash, hard disk, or CD-ROM. The operating systems supported by
Octagon Systems are Windows XP, Linux and DOS.
2 mm VGA-12 video cable, #6392
USB keyboard
VGA monitor
5266 Utilities zip file (see page 118)
1. Refer to Figures 2–1 and 2–2 on pages
connectors and jumpers before installing the 5266.
2. Attach the Octagon power module to the card cage following the instructions
supplied with the power module.
3. Make sure power to the card cage is OFF.
Refer to Figure 2–5 for the following:
4. Before installing the 5266 into the card cage, connect the VGA-12 cable into J6.
Ensure that pin 1 of the cable is connected to pin 1 of the connector.
5. Slide the 5266 into the card cage. Refer to Figures 2–6 and 2–7 for the correct
orientation of the 5266 and an illustration of a CPU card in a Micro PC card cage.
6. Connect a VGA monitor to the VGA-12 cable, and a USB keyboard to one of the
USB ports at J1.
18 and 19 for the location of various
24
Figure 2–5 5266, VGA monitor, and USB keyboard
A
A
VGA Monitor
USB Keyboard
VGA-12 cable
Dot indicates
pin 1
5266 CPU Card
Figure 2–6 Edge connector orientation
A31 B31
Micro PC
Passive
Back-plane
A1 B1
card edge pins
31 & B31
Micro PC card
card edge pins
1 & B1
25
Figure 2–7 Populated Micro PC card cage
Panel mounting or stacking the 5266
To panel mount or stack the 5266, you will need the following equipment (or
equivalent):
5266 CPU card
+5V power supply and cable. Refer to the Power Supply Requirements
section, page
Ground.
30. The J11 power connector has screw terminals for +5V and
A device with an operating system. The device could be floppy, hard disk, or
CD-ROM. The operating systems supported by Octagon Systems are
Windows XP, Linux and DOS.
2 mm VGA-12 video cable, #6392
USB keyboard
VGA monitor
5266 Utilities zip file (see page 118)
Qty 4 – #4-40 screws, #4-40 threaded hex standoffs, #4 internal star lock
washers
5252MB stacking kit, #3590 (required for stacking only)
1. Refer to figures 2–1 and 2–2 on pages
connectors and jumpers before installing the 5266.
Refer to figures 2–8 and 2–9 for the following:
2. Use the #4–40 standoffs, screws, and washers and secure them in the four holes on
the 5266. Refer to Figures 2–3 and 2–4 on pages
mounting hole dimensions.
18 and 19 for the location of various
20 or 21 for the center–to–center
26
WARNING!
All four standoffs, screws and washers must be used to secure the
5266. Using all of the standoffs ensure full support of the board. Also,
verify that the washers and standoffs do not touch any of the
component pads adjacent to the mounting holes. Damage may occur
at power–up.
3. Connect the power supply +5V and ground wires to the power connector J11 on the
5266. Refer to Figure 2–10 and Table 2–2.
WARNING!
Miswiring the voltage at J11 of the 5266 or at the power connector of
the 5252MB stacking kit (reversing +5V and ground, or applying a
voltage greater than +5V), will destroy the card and void the
warranty!
Refer to figure 2-11 for the following:
4. Connect the VGA-12 cable into J6. Ensure that pin 1 of the cable is connected to
pin 1 of the connector.
5. Make sure power to the power supply is OFF. Connect the power supply cable to
J11.
6. Connect a VGA monitor to the VGA-12 cable, and a USB keyboard to J1 of the
5266.
Figure 2–8 Panel mounting the 5266
Figure 2–9 Stacking the 5266
Power connector
Power connector
5252 MB Stacking Kit
27
Figure 2–10 Power connector: J11 diagram
J11
Power header
J11
+5V
Gnd
Figure 2–11 5266, VGA monitor, USB keyboard, and power supply
VGA Monitor
USB Keyboard
5266 CPU Card
VGA-12 cable
Dot indicates
pin 1
Power
Supply
28
Using the 5266 in a passive ISA backplane
To use the 5266 in a passive ISA backplane, you will need the following
equipment (or equivalent):
5266 CPU card
Unterminated backplane
Mounting bracket (optional)
5V power supply and cable. Refer to the Power Supply Requirements
section, page
Ground.
30. The J11 power connector has screw terminals for +5V and
A device with an operating system. The device could be floppy, hard disk, or
CD-ROM. The operating systems supported by Octagon Systems are
Windows XP, Linux and DOS.
2 mm VGA-12 video cable, #6392
USB keyboard
VGA monitor
5266 Utilities zip file (see page 118)
1. Refer to figures 2–1 and 2–2 on pages
connectors and jumpers before installing the 5266.
2. Connect the power supply +5V and ground wires to the power connector of the
unterminated backplane. Refer to the Power Supply Requirements section, page
30.
Miswiring the voltage to the backplane (reversing +5V and ground,
or applying a voltage greater than +5V), will destroy the card and
void the warranty!
3. Make sure power to the backplane is OFF.
4. Insert the 5266 into a connector on the backplane. Refer to figure 2–12. Take care
to correctly position the cards’ edge with the connector of the backplane. Figure 2–
12 shows the relative position of the 5266 card as it is installed into a backplane.
Incorrectly plugging the card into the backplane will destroy the
card and void the warranty!
Refer to figure 2–11 for the following:
18 and 19 for the location of various
WARNING!
WARNING!
5. Connect the VGA-12 cable into J6. Ensure that pin 1 of the cable is connected to
pin 1 of the connector.
29
6. Connect a VGA monitor to the VGA-12 cable, and a USB keyboard to J1.
Figure 2–12 Using a passive ISA backplane
Mounting bracket
XT/AT passive backplane
WARNING!
The 5266 contains static-sensitive CMOS components. To avoid
damaging your card and its components:
Ground yourself before handling the card and observe proper ESD
precautions
5266 power supply requirements
The 5266 is designed to operate from a single +5 VDC supply, connected at J11 or
through the ISA connector. The J11 connector is a 2-pin screw terminal connector,
and accepts 22 AWG to 14 AWG wires. The typical current requirement for the
5266 is listed in the Technical Data appendix.
The user should consider factors such as the power cable conductor gauge, number
and length of conductors, mating connectors, and the power requirements of
external devices such as hard drives, USB drives, displays, mouse, and keyboard.
It is important that a quality power supply be used with the 5266 that has
sufficient current capacity, line and load regulation, hold up time, current limiting,
and minimum ripple. The power supply for the 5266 must meet the startup
risetime requirements specified in the ATX Power Design Guide, version 1.1,
section 3.3.5. This ensures that all the circuitry on the CPU control card sequences
properly and avoids system lockup.
30
Also, select a power supply that discharges quickly. If large power supply output
capacitors are used, powering the system down and then up may lock up the 5266.
If the power supply does not drain below 0.7V, the CMOS components on the 5266
will act like diodes and forward bias, potentially damaging the 5266 circuitry.
The proper selection of a quality power supply ensures reliability and proper
functioning of the 5266.
Installing an operating system
The 5266 does not come with an installed operating system. You can install an
operating system onto a hard drive or CompactFlash.
To install an operating system you will need:
2 mm VGA-12 video cable, #6392
USB keyboard
VGA monitor
CD-ROM drive, either IDE or USB
Operating system media
Hard drive or CompactFlash to receive the operating system installation
If installing onto a hard drive, an IDE cable with master and slave connectors
OS on CD-ROM onto a hard drive or CompactFlash
Refer to Figure 2–13 on page 33 for the following:
1. Attach the 2 mm VGA-12 video cable to J6. Ensure that pin 1 of the cable is
connected to pin 1 of the connector.
2. If it is an IDE CD-ROM, configure it as either a master or a slave (see note
below.) Connect the USB keyboard to J1, a VGA monitor to the VGA-12 video
cable, and the CD-ROM drive to J8 or USB J1.
3. If using a hard drive, configure it as a master or slave device and install it on
the IDE cable connected to J8 (see note below.)
4. If using a CompactFlash, install it into the CompactFlash socket. Set SW2
position 1 to On to designate it as a slave or Off to designate it as a master (see
note below.)
Note IDE devices have a jumper or a switch that designates whether the device is a
master or a slave device. If only one IDE device is connected to a channel, it must
be configured as a master. If two devices are connected, one must be configured as
a master and one as a slave. The CompactFlash uses an onboard jumper for
master/slave designation (see page
Select) to designate master or slave on a multi-connector cable. You can use BIOS
Setup to designate either the master or the slave as a boot device. This note does
not apply to a USB CD-ROM as it is not an IDE device and does not have a
master/slave jumper.
55.) The 5266 does not use the CS signal (Cable
31
5. Apply power to the 5266 system. If Graphical POST is disabled in Setup a logon
message similar to the one below will appear on your PC monitor:
General Software P6 Class Embedded BIOS(R) 2000 Revision 5.3 Copyright (C)
2005 General Software, Inc. All rights reserved. Octagon Systems 5266
00000589K Low Memory Passed
00117632K Ext Memory Passed
Wait.....
6. Enter Setup by pressing the Del key or Ctrl-C during BIOS POST sequence
(this occurs between the memory test and bootup).
(C) 2005 General Software, Inc. All rights reserved
System BIOS Setup - Utility v5.3
>Information Browser
Basic CMOS Configuration
Features Configuration
Custom Configuration
PnP Configuration
Shadow Configuration
Reset CMOS to last known values
Reset CMOS to factory defaults
Write to CMOS and Exit
Exit without changing CMOS
↑/↓ /<Tab> to select. <Esc> to continue (no save)
www.gensw.com
32
Note Your display message may be slightly different
7. In the BIOS Setup Basic CMOS Configuration menu change the boot sequence
to CD-ROM drive first. Designate drive c: as IDE 0/Pri Master or IDE 1/Pri
Slave, to match the designation of the hard drive or CompactFlash. For an IDE
CD-ROM, in the ATA DRV ASSIGNMENT specify IDE 0 or IDE 1 as a CDROM. IDE 0 is for a master, and IDE 1 is for a slave.
8. Insert the operating system media into the CD-ROM drive.
9. Reboot the system. The system should boot to the CD-ROM.
10. Follow the on-screen dialog to load the operating system. Refer to the OS
documentation for further information.
Figure 2–13 Installing an operating system
VGA Monitor
USB Keyboard
VGA-12 cable
Dot indicates
pin 1
CompactFlash installed into
CompactFlash socket on back of board
IDE ribbon cable for two
devices, or one device directly
into J8
5266 CPU Card
Power
Supply
CD-ROM
and / or
Hard Drive
33
Chapter 3: Setup programs
This chapter discusses running the Setup configuration program on the 5266.
Setup configures devices set up by the BIOS such as serial ports, floppy drives, etc.
Setup
Setup can be entered by pressing the “Delete” key on the system keyboard or Ctrl-C
when POST I/O has been redirected to a serial console during the BIOS POST
sequence (this occurs between the memory test and boot).
Also, by setting the “S” switch Off (Switch 500 position 1), you will force the Setup
to revert to the factory-programmed defaults shown in the following menus. This
allows you to boot with a known set of parameters. If you want to use the default
settings for future boots, you must enter Setup and “Save” for the default values to
be stored in CMOS.
Note The Setup defaults might vary slightly from those shown in the following menus
depending on the BIOS revision on your card.
The system will display the 5266 General Software System BIOS Setup Utility
menu. Select the submenu by using the up/down arrows, then press <ENTER>
(when using a monitor connected to the 5266). For a serial console configuration,
Ctrl + E is up and Ctrl + X is down.
34
System BIOS Utility menu
The Utility menu allows you to select the appropriate menus for configuration. The
menus shown below are described on the following pages. Default values are shown
in the menus.
(C) 2005 General Software, Inc. All rights reserved
System BIOS Setup - Utility v5.3
>Information Browser
Basic CMOS Configuration
Features Configuration
Custom Configuration
PnP Configuration
Shadow Configuration
Reset CMOS to last known values
Reset CMOS to factory defaults
Write to CMOS and Exit
Exit without changing CMOS
↑/↓ /CR/<Tab> to select. <Esc> to continue (no save)
www.gensw.com
Information Browser menu
The Information Browser provides information specific to the 5266, as well as
contact information for Technical Support.
35
Basic CMOS Configuration menu
Default values are shown in the menu.
System BIOS Setup - Basic CMOS Configuration
DRIVE ASSIGNMENT ORDER
(C) 2004 General Software, Inc. All rights reserved
Drive A: Floppy 0
Drive B: (None)
Drive C: Ide 0/Pri Master
Drive D: (None)
Drive E: (None)
Drive F: (None)
Drive G: (None)
Drive H: (None)
Drive I: (None)
Drive J: (None)
Drive K: (None)
Boot Method: Boot Sector
FLOPPY DRIVE TYPES:
Floppy 0: Not installed
Floppy 1: Not installed
↑/↓/←/→/CR/<Tab> to select or <PgUp>/<PgDn>/+/- to modify
Date:
Time:
Numlock: Disabled
BOOT ORDER
Boot 1st: Drive C:
Boot 2nd: Drive A:
Boot 3rd: Browser
Boot 4th: None
Boot 5th: None
Boot 6th: None
ATA DRV ASSIGNMENT: Sect Hds Cyls Memory
Ide 0: 3 = AUTOCONFIG, LBA Base:
Ide 1: 3 = AUTOCONFIG, LBA 632KB
Ide 2: 3 = AUTOCONFIG, LBA Ext:
Ide 3: 3 = AUTOCONFIG, LBA 987MB
<Esc> to return to main menu
DRIVE ASSIGNMENT ORDER: These selections allow you to assign the various drives installed
to a designated alphabetic drive.
Note If using a floppy drive, assign a drive to A before assigning a drive to B (do
not assign a drive to Drive B, without using Drive A). Do not skip drive C if
using flash / hard drives (the first flash / hard drive should be drive C). If
using an IDE CD-ROM, DO NOT assign a drive letter to its IDE port; the
operating system will automatically assign a drive letter to CD-ROMs.
However, an IDE CD-ROM must be specified as IDE 0 or IDE 1 in ATA
DRV ASSIGNMENT.
Typematic Delay : 250 ms
Typematic Rate : 30 cps
Seek at Boot : None
Show “Hit Del” : Enabled
Config Box : Enabled
F1 Error Wait : Enabled
Parity Checking : (Unused)
Memory Test Tick : Enabled
Debug Breakpoints : (Unused)
Debugger Hex Case : Upper
Memory Test : StdLo FastHi
Do not assign the same file system to more than one drive without
considering the consequences (such as assigning IDE 0 to Drive C and
Drive D). This is allowed to enable aliasing of drives; however this may
cause corruption of operating system cache and state unless the OS is
configured for this as well. Many desktop operating systems cannot be so
configured.
Drive A/B: Selections are None, Floppy 0, Floppy 1, or USB Floppy. See note above.
Drive C/D: Selections are None, Floppy 0, Floppy 1, USB Floppy, Ide 0/ Pri Master, Ide
1/Pri Slave, USB Hard Drive. See note above, particularly if using a CDROM.
Drive E/F/G/H/I/J/K: Selections are None, Ide 0/Pri Master, Ide 1/Pri Slave, USB Hard Drive.
See note above, particularly if using a CD-ROM.
36
Boot Method: Selections are ROM DOS, Windows CE or Boot Sector. For normal boot,
select Boot Sector. Windows CE users may be able to load their Windows
CE environment without a DOS or other bootable environment by selecting
the Windows CE option. This will cause the BIOS to attempt to find the
Windows CE system file (NK.BIN) on boot disks.
FLOPPY DRIVE TYPES: These selections allow you to specify the type of floppy device for
Floppy 0 and Floppy 1. The 5266 supports USB floppies. The selections are
360 KB, 5.25”; 1.2 MB, 5.25”; 720 KB, 3.5”; 1.44 MB, 3.5”; 2.88 MB, 3.5”;
Not installed. Note that the 5266 does not support a floppy drive directly.
This feature should be left Not Installed if you are not using a floppy drive;
for USB floppies this should also be left as Not Installed. This frees up
INT6 for other applications.
System Date: Sets the date for the system clock.
System Time: Sets the time for the system clock.
NumLock: Enables or disables NumLock.
BOOT ORDER: These selections specify the order of the devices or events which will be
used to boot the 5266. The selections are Drive A, Drive B, Drive C, Drive
D, Browser, Reboot, CDROM, or None.
Note The first None stops the boot sequence; any subsequent settings in boot
order after None will have no effect. The Reboot option will cause the
system to attempt to reboot if the previous boot selections fail. This option
requires System Management Mode to be enabled (see Features
Configuration screen.)
ATA DRIVE ASSIGNMENT: These selections allow you to specify the type of devices for IDE 0
and IDE1. Note that the 5266 only supports two IDE devices total
(CompactFlash and one IDE drive, or two IDE drives.) The available
options are Not Installed; User Type; AUTOCONFIG, PHYSICAL;
AUTOCONFIG, LBA; AUTOCONFIG, PHOENIX, and IDE CDROM. User
Type allows you to set parameters for Sectors (63 max.), Heads (255 max.)
and Cylinders (1023 max.).
Note The AUTOCONFIG, PHYSICAL; AUTOCONFIG, LBA; and
AUTOCONFIG, PHOENIX options refer to the BIOS of the system which
was used to format the hard drive or CompactFlash. If you have formatted
a hard drive or a CompactFlash on another system than the 5266, you
might have to change this setting for the 5266 to recognize the drive.
Typematic Delay: Sets the time before a character will repeat when a key is continuously
depressed. Selections are Disabled, 250 ms, 500 ms, 750 ms, and 1000 ms.
Typematic Rate: Sets the rate at which a character will repeat when a key is continuously
depressed. Selections are 30 cps, 24 cps, 20 cps, 15 cps, 12 cps, 10 cps, 8 cps,
and 6 cps.
Seek at Boot: Selections are None, Floppy, Ide, Both. For faster boot, the default setting
(None) does not perform floppy or IDE seek operations during POST. In
rare cases, some drives may not properly initialize without this seek
operation. For this reason, users may select to seek Floppy drives, IDE
drives, or both during POST if desired.
37
Show “Hit Del”: Enabled or Disabled. When enabled, the “Hit Del to access Setup” message
is displayed during boot.
Config Box: Enabled or Disabled. When enabled, the blue Configuration box will appear
on screen during boot.
F1 Error Wait: Enabled or Disabled. When enabled, the system will pause at a boot error
until the F1 key is pressed.
Parity Checking: This function is not used.
Memory Test Tick: Enabled or Disabled. When enabled the system produces an audible tick
during the memory test at boot.
Debug Breakpoints: This function is not used.
Debugger Hex Case: Upper or Lower. Selects the case for debugger output.
Memory Test: This item allows you set the test speed for both the base memory (Lo) and
the extended memory (Hi). The options are Fast, Standard, or Full.
System Memory: Displays the amount of system memory on the card.
Extended Memory: Displays the amount of extended memory on the card.
Features Configuration menu
The Features Configuration menu allows you to set some of the system features.
Default values are shown in the menu.
System BIOS Setup - Feature Configuration
(C) 2004 General Software, Inc. All rights reserved
POST Memory Manager : Disabled System Management Mode : Enabled
System Management BIOS : Enabled Graphical/Audio POST : Enabled
Quick Boot : Disabled Firmbase Instrumentation : Disabled
Secondary UDMA : Disabled Primary UDMA : Enabled
Firmbase Debug Console : None Console Redirection : Auto
AtaMassStorage : Disabled UsbMassStorage : Enabled
User : Disabled Usb20 : Disabled
Shell : Disabled Network : Disabled
Applications : Disabled
↑/↓/←/→/CR/<Tab> to select or <PgUp>/<PgDn>/+/- to modify
<Esc> to return to main menu
POST Memory Manager: Enabled, disabled.
System Management BIOS: Enabled, disabled.
Quick Boot: Enabled, disabled.
Secondary UDMA: Enabled, disabled. The 5266 does not have a secondary IDE
channel.
Firmbase Debug Console: None, 3f8h, 2f8h, Custom.
AtaMassStorage: Enabled, disabled.
User: Enabled, disabled.
Shell: Enabled, disabled.
38
System Management Mode: Enabled, disabled. The field must remain enabled. When enabled,
the BIOS’s System Management Mode environment is enabled.
This allows use of Legacy USB devices, including keyboards, mice,
floppy drives, fixed disk drives, flash drives, and CDROM drives,
without OS drivers. This also allows USB drives to be used as boot
devices.
Graphical/Audio POST: Enabled, disabled. When enabled, the graphical splash screen is
shown during POST, along with a short sound played through the
PC Speaker. If disabled, the text POST screen is displayed. This
feature is not available with a serial console.
Firmbase Instrumentation: Enabled, disabled.
Primary UDMA: Enabled, disabled. When enabled, UDMA is available on the
primary IDE interface. CompactFlash devices do not support
UDMA.
Note UltraDMA modes are not supported by the 5266. These modes
require an 80-conductor cable, and there is no adapter available for
the 44-pin, 2mm IDE connector used on the 5266. However, UDMA
33 support can be enabled in BIOS.
Console Redirection: Auto, redirect. When set to Auto, the console will be redirected to
the serial port COM1 in the event that no video controller is found
(V switch is OFF) or if a carriage return is received on COM1
during POST. When set to Redirect the console is forced to redirect
to COM1 even if a video console is available.
UsbMassStorage: Enabled, disabled.
Usb20: Enabled, disabled. This is a Firmbase application.
Network: Enabled, disabled. This is a Firmbase application.
Applications: Enabled, disabled. This is a Firmbase application.
39
Custom Configuration menu
The Custom Configuration menu allows you to set parameters for COM1/2, digital
I/O, watchdog timer, video, and DMA channel reserved for system use. Default
values are shown in the menu.
System BIOS Setup - Custom Configuration
(C) 2004 General Software, Inc. All rights reserved
PCI INT A Assignment :>Auto PCI INT B Assignment :>Auto
PCI INT C Assignment : Auto PCI INT D Assignment : Auto
COM 1 UART (3F8/IRQ 4) : Enabled COM 2 UART (2F8/IRQ 3) : RS-232
COM 3 UART (3E8/IRQ 4) : (Unused) COM 4 UART (2E8/IRQ 3) : (Unused)
Parallel Port : (Unused) Primary video device : Auto
Geode LX graphics : 32 MB Video device mode : Disabled
Video refresh rate : 60 Hz Video data width : 1 pix/clk
Video panel type : TFT Memory timings : Optimal
Legacy USB support : Enabled IDE cable type : 40-wire
Floppy controller : (no device) USB device controller : Disabled
CPU/GLIU speed : 500/333 MHz USB Port 4 function : Host
EZIO (1050)/LPT(278) : EZIO WATCHDOG STATE : Disabled
FP HSYNC Polarity : Act High FP VSYNC Polarity : Act High
Core CPU Frequency : 500 MHz PCI bus Frequency : 33 MHz
Memory Frequency : 333 MHz DDR LX Rev. Number : C1
CAS Latency : 2.5 CLKS CS5536 Rev. Number : B1
↑/↓/←/→/CR/<Tab> to select or <PgUp>/<PgDn>/+/- to modify
<Esc> to return to main menu
PCI INT A Assignment: Auto, IRQ 5, IRQ 10, IRQ 11.
PCI INT C Assignment: Auto, IRQ 5, IRQ 10, IRQ 11.
COM 1 UART (3F8/IRQ 4): Enabled, disabled. This enables COM 1. If the COM 1 port is not
used you can disable this to free up the system resources.
COM 3 UART (3E8/IRQ 4): (Unused), disabled. The 5266 does not have a UART for COM 3.
Parallel Port: (Unused), EZIOsed. This function is not decoded, and has no impact
on the system.
Geode LX graphics: Disabled, 4 MB, 8 MB, 12 MB, 16 MB, 20 MB, 24 MB, 28 MB, 32
MB, 36 MB, 40 MB, 44 MB, 48 MB, 52 MB, 56 MB, 60 MB. This
sets the amount of RAM reserved for the graphics controller.
Video refresh rate: 60 Hz, 70 Hz, 75 Hz, 85 Hz, 100 Hz.
Video panel type: TFT, LVDS. The 5266 does not support LVDS flat panels.
Legacy USB support: Enabled, auto, disabled.
Floppy controller: (no device), disabled. The 5266 does not have a floppy controller.
CPU/GLIU speed: 500/333 MHz, 400/333 MHz.
EZIO (1050)/LPT (278): EZIO, LPT. This field decodes the signals on connector J7 as either
digital I/O or printer (LPT) signals.
40
FP HSYNC Polarity: Act High, Act Low. This field sets the polarity for flat panel
horizontal sync as either active high or active low. Most flat panels
are active high.
PCI INT B Assignment: Auto, IRQ 5, IRQ 10, IRQ 11.
PCI INT D Assignment: Auto, IRQ 5, IRQ 10, IRQ 11.
COM 2 UART (2F8/IRQ 3): RS-232, RS-422/485, disabled. This sets the mode for COM 2 as
either RS-232 or RS-422/485. If the COM 2 port is not used you can
disable this to free up the system resources.
COM 4 UART (2E8/IRQ 3): (Unused), disabled. The 5266 does not have a UART for COM 4.
Primary video device: Auto, LX Graphics, PCI VGA card, None.
Video device mode: Disabled, 320 x 240, 640 x 480, 800 x 600, 1024 x 768, 1152 x 864,
1280 x 1024, 1600 x 1200.
Video data width: 1 pix/clk, 2 pix/clk. This sets the data width for flat panels.
Memory timings: Optimal, conservative.
IDE cable type: 40-wire, 80-wire. This specifies the number of wires on the IDE
cable. The 5266 has a 44-wire cable, which also provides power for
hard drives. Because of the pitch of the 44-in connector, there is no
known 80-wire to 44-wire cable available. This should remain set at
40-wire.
USB device controller: Disabled, enabled.
USB Port 4 function: Host, device, disabled.
WATCHDOG STATE: Disabled, enabled. This enables or disables the watchdog timer,
with a default timeout of five minutes.
FP VSYNC Polarity: Act High, Act Low. This field sets the polarity for flat panel vertical
sync as either active high or active low. Most flat panels are active
high.
Core CPU Frequency: This information field displays the core frequency of the CPU.
Memory Frequency: This information field displays the frequency of the SDRAM. The
5266 only supports 333 MHz DDR SDRAM.
CAS Latency: This information field displays the CAS latency period in clock
cycles.
PCI bus Frequency: This information field displays the PCI bus speed.
LX Rev. Number: This information field displays the LX CPU revision number.
CS5536 Rev. Number: This information field displays the CS5536 revision number.
41
Plug-n-Play Configuration menu
The Plug-n-Play Configuration menu allows you to select IRQs and DMA channels
for use by plug-n-play devices. Default values are shown in the menu.
System BIOS Setup - Plug-n-Play Configuration
(C) 2004 General Software, Inc. All rights reserved
Enable PnP Support :>Enabled Enabled PnP O/S :Enabled
Assign IRQ0 to PnP :Disabled Assign IRQ8 to PnP :Disabled
Assign IRQ1 to PnP :Enabled Assign IRQ9 to PnP :Disabled
Assign IRQ2 to PnP :Enabled Assign IRQ10 to PnP :Disabled
Assign IRQ3 to PnP :Enabled Assign IRQ11 to PnP :Enabled
Assign IRQ4 to PnP :Disabled Assign IRQ12 to PnP :Enabled
Assign IRQ5 to PnP :Enabled Assign IRQ13 to PnP :Enabled
Assign IRQ6 to PnP :Disabled Assign IRQ14 to PnP :Enabled
Assign IRQ7 to PnP :Disabled Assign IRQ15 to PnP :Enabled
Assign DMA0 to PnP :Disabled Assign DMA4 to PnP :Enabled
Assign DMA1 to PnP :Disabled Assign DMA5 to PnP :Enabled
Assign DMA2 to PnP :Disabled Assign DMA6 to PnP :Enabled
Assign DMA3 to PnP :Enabled Assign DMA7 to PnP :Enabled
↑/↓/←/→/CR/<Tab> to select or <PgUp>/<PgDn>/+/- to modify
<Esc> to return to main menu
Shadow/Cache Configuration menu
The Shadow/Cache Configuration menu enables shadowing and selects the address
where it will be stored. Shadowing is disabled by selecting None under Shadowing.
Default values are shown in the menu.
System BIOS Setup - Shadow/Cache Configuration
(C) 2004 General Software, Inc. All rights reserved
Shadowing :>Chipset Shadow 16KB ROM at C000 :Enabled
Shadow 16KB ROM at C400 :Enabled Shadow 16KB ROM at C800 :Disabled
Shadow 16KB ROM at CC00 :Disabled Shadow 16KB ROM at D000 :Disabled
Shadow 16KB ROM at D400 :Disabled Shadow 16KB ROM at D800 :Disabled
Shadow 16KB ROM at DC00 :Enabled Shadow 16KB ROM at E000 :Enabled
Shadow 16KB ROM at E400 :Enabled Shadow 16KB ROM at E800 :Enabled
Shadow 16KB ROM at EC00 :Enabled Shadow 16KB ROM at F000 :Enabled
↑/↓/←/→/CR/<Tab> to select or <PgUp>/<PgDn>/+/- to modify
<Esc> to return to main menu
42
Writing to CMOS and exiting
The last four items in the Utility menu give you a Yes or No option when you select
them. Selecting Yes will implement the item. Selecting No will return you to the
Utility menu. Those four selections are:
Reset CMOS to last known values
This item restores the values that were in CMOS at boot, without exiting
Setup.
Reset CMOS to factory defaults
Write to CMOS and Exit
Exit without changing CMOS
43
Overview: Section 2 – Hardware
Section 2 discusses usage, functions, and system configurations of the
5266 major hardware features. The following chapters are included:
Chapter 4: Serial ports
Chapter 5: Console devices
Chapter 6: CompactFlash, SDRAM, and battery backup
Chapter 7: External drives
Chapter 8: Bit-programmable digital I/O
Chapter 9: LPT parallel port
Chapter 10: CRTs and TFT flat panels
Chapter 11: Ethernet
Chapter 12: USB
Chapter 13: Audio / PC speaker
44
Chapter 4: Serial ports
Description
The 5266 has two serial ports, COM1 and COM2. COM1 is a dedicated 8-wire RS–
232C. COM2 can be 8-wire RS–232C, or 4-wire RS–422 or RS–485. COM1 and
COM2 are accessed at the 20-pin connector at J4.
These serial ports interface to serial device. All ports support 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-bit
word lengths, 1, 1.5, or 2 stop bits, and baud rates up to 115K.
The serial ports have the following specifications:
16C550/16C750 compatible
64-byte FIFO buffers
IEC 1000, level 3, ESD protection
— Contact discharge ±6 kV
— Air–gap discharge ±8 kV
Backdrive protection
Up to 115K baud operation
Mating receptacles
Use a VTC–20F or VTC–20M cable to connect the 20-pin COM ports to external
serial equipment. The P2 and P3 connectors on these cables are DB–9 female
(VTC–20F) or DB–9 male (VTC–20M) connectors which plug directly into a 9-pin
serial cable. Figure 4–1 (following page) shows serial devices connected to the 5266.
Figure 4–2 shows a null modem adapter connected to the COM1 port of a VTC–
20F. A null modem adapter is required when connecting a serial console.
Baud rate divisor registers
The DUART is clocked at 48 MHz; therefore, the baud rate divisor registers must
be programmed using the following equation: 48,000,000 / (16 * desired baud) =
baud rate divisor. Table 4–1 shows the baud rate divisor for standard baud rates.
Table 4–1 Baud rate divisors
Baud Rate Baud Rate Divisor Baud Rate Baud Rate Divisor
110 6a88h 9600 0138h
150 4c20h 19K 009ch
300 2710h 28K 066bh
600 1388h 38K 004ch
1200 09c4h 56K 0035h
2400 04e2h 115K 001ah
4800 0271h
45
Serial port configurations
COM1 and COM2 are enabled and configured in BIOS Setup. COM1 has a fixed
address of 3F8h, and uses IRQ 4. It can be enabled or disabled in Setup. The
default is enabled.
COM2 has a fixed address of 2F8h and IRQ 3. It can be configured in Setup for RS–
232, RS–422/485, or disabled. The default is RS–232.
The COM port interrupts can be routed so that different interrupts are used. See
93.
page
If COM2 is used for RS–422 or RS–485, and the 5266 is at the end of the network,
the ports will have to be terminated. Switch 2, positions 3 and 4, terminate the
network. The default setting is
network the switch must be set to
Table 4–2 shows the COM pin-outs for the COM ports, and table 4–3 shows the
switch settings.
Figure 4–1 COM ports
unterminated. If the 5266 is at the end of the
Serial Device
on COM2
Serial Device
on COM1
5266 CPU Card
terminated.
VTC-20F cable
46
Figure 4–2 VTC-20F cable and null modem adapter
Null Modem Adapter,
required for serial console
P2
P3
VTC-20F Cable
Table 4–2 COM1 and COM2 connector pin-outs (J4 connector)
COM1 / 2 COM2 DB–9 Pinout
Pin# RS–232
signal
1 / 11
2 / 12
3 / 13
4 / 14
5 / 15
6 / 16
7 / 17
8 / 18
9 / 19
10 / 20
DCD
DSR
RxD
RTS
TxD
CTS
DTR
RI
GND
nc
Pin# RS–422/485
signal
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
nc
nc
Rx+
Tx–
Tx+
Rx–
nc
nc
nc
nc
DB–9 pin#
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Table 4–3 COM2 termination switch, Switch 2
Switch 2 – COM2 termination
COM Port Interface Switch 2 Settings
COM2
* Default. These switches terminate the network. If
the 5266 is at an end of an RS-422/485 network, set
these switches to On. For RS-232 on COM2 these
switches must remain Off.
RS–422/RS–485
no termination
RS–422/RS–485
with termination
Position 3 Off *
Position 4 Off *
Position 3 On
Position 4 On
47
Function and use of serial ports
COM1 as serial console device
You can use COM1 as a console device to communicate with another PC. COM1 is
used as the console device if the Console Redirection in the Features Configuration
menu is set to Redirect. COM1 will also be configured as a console device if a host
computer is connected to COM1 and the host keyboard sends a carriage return
(Enter) during the boot process. If Console Redirection is set to Auto, the V switch
(switch 500 position 2) must be set to Off to redirect video to a serial console. See
the Console devices chapter for more information.
Note When interfacing the 5266 to your desktop PC, you must use a null modem
adapter.
COM1 and COM2 as RS–232 I/O
COM1 is a dedicated 8-wire RS–232 interface. COM2 can be configured through
Setup as an 8-wire RS–232 interface. You can connect up to two RS–232 serial I/O
devices. Note that Switch 2, positions 3 and 4 must remain Off for RS–232 on
COM2.
COM2 as RS–422 or RS–485 networks
COM2 can also be configured in Setup as RS–422 or RS–485. RS–422 and RS–485
use differential signaling to communicate between the devices on a network.
Differential signal reduces the effect of environmental noise, allowing
communication over distances up to 1200 meters.
The RS–422 and RS–485 receivers provide an active high (space) condition for
shorted, open, or inactive lines. Note that RTS is used differently by RS–422 and
RS–485. Review the information in the following sections regarding RTS.
RS–422 is a point-to-point configuration. RS–485 is a multi-node configuration that
allows up to 32 nodes on a network. Refer to table 4–3 on page
settings for terminating an RS–422/485 network.
47 for switch
48
RS–422
X
–
X
RS–422 is typically point to point configuration. RS–422 is also specified for multidrop (party-line) applications where only one driver is connected to, and transmits
on, a “bus” of up to 10 receivers. The device at the end of an RS–422 network must
be terminated. The 5266 optionally terminates with a 100 ohm resistor. Refer to
table 4–3. Figure 4–3 shows a typical RS–422 four-wire interface circuit.
The RTS* signal is used to control the transmitter and receiver in RS–422 mode.
The RTS* signal is controlled by the Modem Control Register bit 1 (MCR[1], which
is offset 0x04 from the UART base address). Writing MCR[1] to 0 (default state)
sets RTS* to an inactive state (RTS* = logic high) which ENABLES both the RS–
422 Transmitter and Receiver. Writing MCR[1] to 1 sets RTS* to an active state
(RTS* = logic low) which DISABLES both the RS–422 Transmitter and Receiver.
Figure 4–3 Typical RS–422 four-wire interface circuit
TX +
mitter
RX +
100 Ω
Receiver
TX –
RX –
Receiver
100 Ω
RX +
100 Ω
RX
Gnd
TX +
TX –
mitter
100 Ω
49
RS–485
R
X
R
X
Xmitte
X
R
RO
RO
An application may implement a node as either the “host” node or as a “remote”
node in an RS–485 network. There can be as many as 32 nodes without any bus
repeaters in the network. A host is referred to as the node that initiates
communication; a remote is referred to as a node that is addressed by the host.
In any given communication sequence in an RS–485 network, there can only be one
host. The host is responsible for initiating communication, maintaining network
registration, and providing housekeeping tasks with other nodes. Remotes,
however, cannot initiate a communication. They can only respond to messages that
are addressed to them from the host.
The devices at each end of an RS–485 network must be terminated. Any node
located between the end points should not be terminated. The 5266 optionally
terminates with a 100 ohm resistor. Refer to table 4–2 on page
Figure 4–4 shows a typical RS–485 network. Note that for 2-wire RS–485 networks
the transmit and receive pairs must be connected together external to the 5266
(TXD+ tied to RXD+, TXD– tied to RXD–).
The RTS* signal is used to control the transmitter and receiver in RS–485 mode.
The RTS* signal is controlled by the Modem Control Register bit 1 (MCR[1], which
is offset 0x04 from the UART base address). Writing MCR[1] to 0 (default state)
sets RTS* to an inactive state (RTS* = logic high) and DISABLES the RS–485
Transmitter and ENABLES the Receiver. Writing MCR[1] to 1 sets RTS* to an
active state (RTS* = logic low), and ENABLES the RS–485 Transmitter and
DISABLES the RS–485 Receiver.
47.
Figure 4–4 Typical RS–485 two–wire half duplex interface circuit
E
TX +
mitter
TX –
Receiver
RX –
100 Ω
mitter
Receive
Receiver
r
DI
DI
RE
DE RO
DE
RE
100 Ω
X +
X –
TX +
mitter
Receiver
DE
DI
120
RE
50
Chapter 5: Console devices
Description
The 5266 has three options for console devices. You can use a monitor and a
keyboard as your console. You can use COM1 as the console, or you can run the
system without a console device.
Selecting console devices
The following represent the options on the 5266 for console devices:
A standard VGA/SVGA monitor and a USB keyboard.
Serial console from COM1. A serial cable/null modem adapter plugged into a
host PC running HyperTerminal (or equivalent) provides both input and
output. The local keyboard also allows input but is not required.
No console device means no video output, either from a monitor or the serial
console. A local keyboard allows input but is not required.
Monitor and keyboard console
To use a monitor and keyboard as the console, you will need the following
equipment (or equivalent):
5266
2 mm VGA-12 video cable, #6392
USB style keyboard
VGA monitor
WARNING!
The video connector is keyed, but some connectors are not keyed
and can be plugged in incorrectly. Ensure that pin 1 of the cable is
connected to pin 1 of the connector (indicated by the dot). Incorrect
connection could damage your equipment.
To connect a monitor and keyboard:
1. Refer to Figure 2–1 on page
switches before installing the 5266.
2. Make sure that the “V” video switch, Switch 500 position 2, is set to On.
3. Connect the VGA-12 video cable into J6.
18 for the location of various connectors and
4. Connect a VGA monitor to the VGA-12 cable, and a USB style keyboard to J1.
5. If you want a mouse, connect a USB mouse to the other USB port.
51
Figure 5–1 Monitor and keyboard as console
VGA Monitor
USB Keyboard
VGA-12 cable
Dot indicates
pin 1
5266 CPU Card
Power
Supply
52
Serial console
COM1 is used as the console device if the Console Redirection in the Features
Configuration menu is set to Redirect. COM1 will also be configured as a console
device if a host computer is connected to COM1 and the host keyboard sends a
carriage return (Enter) during the boot process. If Console Redirection is set to
Auto, the V switch (switch 500 position 2) must be set to Off to redirect video to a
serial console.
Note that you cannot use a serial console for a GUI interface due to the large
volume of data. It can only be used with a text-based OS such as DOS.
To use COM1 as the console, you will need the following equipment (or equivalent):
5266 CPU card
VTC-20F cable, #4866
Null modem adapter, #2470 (9–pin to 9–pin)
Host computer running HyperTerminal (or equivalent)
Serial cable to connect 5266 COM1 to host computer serial port
USB style keyboard (optional)
18
Refer to Figure 2–1 on page
before installing the 5266.
for the location of various connectors and switches
1. Set the “V” video switch, Switch 500 position 2, to Off. An alternative way to
redirect the video to a serial console is to hit the carriage return (Enter) key on
the host keyboard. This will redirect the video regardless of switch settings or
BIOS settings.
2. Connect a VTC-20F cable to J4 of the 5266.
3. Connect the null modem adapter to P2 (COM1 side) of the VTC-20F cable.
4. Connect the serial cable between the null modem adapter and the serial port of
the host computer.
Follow these steps to use the serial console:
5. For communication using HyperTerminal (or equivalent), the following settings
must be used:
Connect using:
Baud rate:
Communications
parameters:
Flow control:
Terminal support:
ANSI terminal option–
Wrap lines that exceed
terminal width:
Direct to COM1
(select the port the serial cable is connected to)
115200
no parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit
none
ANSI
Yes (uncheck box)
53
6. Start HyperTerminal. You are now ready to establish communications between
the host PC and the 5266.
7. Power on the 5266. Console data will be redirected to COM1 and will be
displayed on the host computer.
8. If you do not get the proper logon message check the HyperTerminal serial
parameters of the host PC to make sure they match the settings in step 5. You
might also try setting the “S” switch, Switch 500 position1, to Off to force the
5266 card to the system defaults, which includes 115200 baud rate.
Note Function keys entered on the host computer do not transmit across a serial console.
Hot key access to serial console
In some instances you might want to redirect the video to a serial console without
having reconfigured Setup or setting the V switch to Off. If you have connected a
serial console to COM1, pressing the Enter key on the host keyboard during the
boot process will redirect video to the serial console.
Figure 5–2 The 5266 and a serial console
terminal emulator
HyperTerm
or other
Desktop PC
Keyboard
COM1 and Null
Modem Adapter
VTC-20F cable
5266 CPU Card
54
Chapter 6: CompactFlash, SDRAM, and battery backup
Description
The 5266 is shipped with a PLCC boot flash that contains the BIOS.
The memory socket can accept a single PC2700 or PC3200 DDR SO–DIMM module
up to 1 GB.
A battery backup connector is provided at J3 for an AT battery to back up the real
time clock.
CompactFlash
The CompactFlash socket supports 3.3 V devices. The CompactFlash appears to the
system as an IDE device. It should be automatically detected and configured as a
hard drive during bootup (see “Setup configurations for CompactFlash” below.) To
configure the 5266 to boot from a CompactFlash, refer to the following section
“Creating a Bootable CompactFlash.”
The CompactFlash shares the Primary IDE channel with a 44-pin IDE connector.
SW2 position 1 configures the CompactFlash as a master or a slave device. If only
one IDE device is connected it must be configured as a master. If two devices are
connected, one must be configured as a master and one as a slave. Table 6–1 shows
the settings for SW2.
Note Octagon Systems only recommends Industrial Grade CompactFlash (NAND
technology) that implements ECC error code correction, and wear level technology.
Table 6–1 CompactFlash, UDMA, RS485 termination switch, SW2
Position Name On (default) Off
1 CF M/S Slave Master *
2 UDMA66 EN UDMA33 limited * UDMA66 capable
3 RS485 TX Terminated * Unterminated
4 RS485 RX Terminated * Unterminated
* default
Setup configurations for CompactFlash
Setup offers several configurations for a CompactFlash installed in IDE 0 or IDE 1.
The applicable selections are Physical, LBA, and Phoenix.
A CompactFlash that is formatted on a 5266 will be recognized at boot; however, a
CompactFlash that is formatted on a host machine might not be recognized,
depending on the BIOS of the host machine. If the 5266 will not boot from a
CompactFlash, change the configuration to Physical or Phoenix and reboot.
55
Creating a bootable CompactFlash
A CompactFlash as shipped from the factory may or may not be formatted; even if
formatted, it may or may not be bootable. The following sequence shows how to
create a bootable CompactFlash, and how to configure the 5266 to boot from the
CompactFlash.
CAUTION
You must use an external drive such as a hard drive or CD to sys the
CompactFlash. See step 5.
1. Create a bootable external device.
2. Change the boot sequence in BIOS Setup so the 5266 boots from the external
drive first. Designate drive C: as a CompactFlash. Reboot from the external
device.
3. Use the appropriate commands/utility to create partitions on the
CompactFlash. Refer to your operating system manual for the appropriate
parameters. You might also have to refresh the MBR (Master Boot Record).
4. Reboot, using the external device.
5. Format the CompactFlash. Follow the on-screen instructions for your operating
system to format the CompactFlash.
6. Copy your operating system from the external device to the CompactFlash.
7. Change the boot sequence in Setup so that the CompactFlash (drive c:) is first.
Power off the 5266 and remove the external device.
8. Reboot.
SDRAM
The 5266 has a single SO-DIMM memory socket. The memory socket can accept
PC2700 or PC3200 DDR SO–DIMM modules up to 1 GB.
56
Battery backup for real time calendar clock
An AT battery can be installed to back up the CMOS real time clock. The battery is
installed at J3.
Installing an AT battery
1. Power off the 5266.
2. Install the 3.6V AT clock battery at J3.
Table 6–2 Battery connector
J17 – battery connector
Pin # Pin Name
1 Battery +
2 Key
3 nc
4 Battery –
Note See Appendix A: Mating connectors for mating information on the battery
connector.
57
Chapter 7: External drives
Description
The 5266 is compatible with any standard IDE hard drive that has a 16-bit IDE
interface. This includes CD-ROMs, CompactFlashes, and other IDE-compatible
drives. The BIOS supports all IDE devices so no additional software is needed.
UltraDMA modes are not supported directly by the 5266. These modes require an
80-pin connector, and there is no adapter available for the 44-pin, 2mm IDE
connector used on the 5266. UDMA 33 data rates are supported by 44-pin cables.
Setup configurations for hard drives
Setup offers several configurations for a hard drive. The applicable selections are
Physical, LBA, and Phoenix.
A hard drive that is formatted on a 5266 will be recognized at boot; however, a hard
drive that is formatted on a host machine might not be recognized, depending on
the BIOS of the host machine. If the 5266 will not boot from a hard drive, change
the configuration to Physical or Phoenix and reboot.
A hard drive that will be used as a boot device should be designated as drive C:,
both when it is loaded with an OS and when it is used to boot.
Hard disk controller
The 5266 supports two 16-bit IDE devices. The CompactFlash is an IDE device. If a
CompactFlash is used, only one additional IDE device can be connected through J8.
Standard IDE devices such as hard drives and CD-ROM drives are interfaced via a
44-pin connector at J8. For those IDE devices that use a 40-pin interface, use the
Octagon Systems IDE cable, #4080 or #6246. IDE combinations can be:
2 hard drives
1 hard drive and 1 CD-ROM drive
CompactFlash and either a hard drive or a CD-ROM
Master/slave designation for IDE devices
IDE devices have a jumper or a switch that designates whether the device is a
master or a slave device. If only one IDE device is connected to a channel, it must
be configured as a master. If two devices are connected, one must be configured as
a master and one as a slave. The CompactFlash uses an onboard jumper for
master/slave designation (see page
Select) to designate master or slave on a multi-connector cable. You can use BIOS
Setup to designate either the master or the slave as a boot device. This note does
not apply to a USB CD-ROM as it is not an IDE device and does not have a
master/slave jumper.
55.) The 5266 does not use the CS signal (Cable
58
Figure 7–1 5266 with IDE devices
VGA Monitor
USB Keyboard
VGA-12 cable
Dot indicates
pin 1
CompactFlash installed into
CompactFlash socket on back of board
IDE ribbon cable for two
devices, or one device directly
into J8
5266 CPU Card
Power
Supply
CD-ROM
and / or
Hard Drive
59
Installing a hard drive
1. Disconnect power to the 5266.
2. Insert one end of the hard drive cable into the back of the hard drive. Make
sure pin 1 on the cable is connected to pin 1 of the drive.
3. Insert the other end of the cable into J8.
4. If you are connecting two IDE devices, ensure that one of them is configured as
a master and one is configured as a slave (see page
connecting one IDE device, ensure that it is configured as a master. The BIOS
will not be able to detect an IDE device that is configured as a slave unless a
master device is also installed.
5. Execute the BIOS Setup program to configure your system for a hard drive.
You can execute this program by pressing “Delete” during system bootup. The
system steps you through the configuration. Also, refer to the Setup programs
chapter for more information on the BIOS Setup program.
6. If you want to boot the system from the hard drive, you need to format the
drive accordingly, and change the boot order in Setup. You will also need to
designate it as drive C:, both while you are loading the OS onto it and when you
are using it to boot.
120 for cables). If
60
Chapter 8: Bit-programmable digital I/O
Description
The bit-programmable digital I/O lines can be used to sense switch closures, turn
on lamps and LEDs, and interface with other devices that have TTL input or
output such as printers and scales. The digital I/O lines drive the Octagon MPB
series opto-isolation module racks directly, controlling AC and DC loads to 240V at
3A. Tables 8–1 and 8–2 show the pinout for the digital I/O connector, arranged by
function and by pin number. Figure 8–1 shows typical I/O configurations.
The I/O lines have the following specifications:
Each I/O chip has 24 I/O lines, grouped into 3 ports of 8 bits
Each bit is programmable as either 5V input or 5V output
Read back state of each pin
Easy-to-program
Each line can sink and source 15 mA
BIOS Setup configuration for digital I/O
The digital I/O connector J7 is configured in the BIOS Setup Custom Configuration
menu as either a digital I/O port (default) or as an LPT parallel port. Toggle the
EZIO (1050)/LPT (278) field to select EZIO. When digital I/O (EZIO) is selected the
base address is 1050h, with no interrupt. LPT uses base address 278h with IRQ 7.
61
Table 8–1 J7 arranged by function – digital I/O connector
J7 Digital I/O
Pin # Port A Pin # Port B Pin # Port C
19 Bit 0 10 Bit 0 13 Bit 0
21 Bit 1 8 Bit 1 16 Bit 1
23 Bit 2 4 Bit 2 15 Bit 2
25 Bit 3 6 Bit 3 17 Bit 3
24 Bit 4 1 Bit 4 14 Bit 4
22 Bit 5 3 Bit 5 11 Bit 5
20 Bit 6 5 Bit 6 12 Bit 6
18 Bit 7 7 Bit 7 9 Bit 7
2 +5V safe*
26 Gnd
* +5V safe is fused through a 750 mA automatic, resetting fuse
Note See the Accessories appendix for connector information for the digital I/O
connector.
Table 8–2 J7 arranged by pins – digital I/O connector
J7 Digital I/O
Pin # Pin Name Pin Name Pin #
1 Port B, bit 4 Vcc (+5V)* 2
3 Port B, bit 5 Port B, bit 2 4
5 Port B, bit 6 Port B, bit 3 6
7 Port B, bit 7 Port B, bit 1 8
9 Port C, bit 7 Port B, bit 0 10
11 Port C, bit 5 Port C, bit 6 12
13 Port C, bit 0 Port C, bit 4 14
15 Port C, bit 2 Port C, bit 1 16
17 Port C, bit 3 Port A, bit 7 18
19 Port A, bit 0 Port A, bit 6 20
21 Port A, bit 1 Port A, bit 5 22
23 Port A, bit 2 Port A, bit 4 24
25 Port A, bit 3 Gnd 26
* +5V safe is fused through a 750 mA automatic, resetting fuse
62
Figure 8–1 Typical digital I/O configuration
CMA-26
Ribbon Cable
5266 CPU
MPB-8, -16, or -24 Opto Rack
5266 CPU
CMA-26
Ribbon Cable
CMA-26
Ribbon Cable
STB-26
MPB-8, -16, or -24 Opto Rack
STB-26
5266 CPU
63
Interfacing to switches and other devices
The STB-26 terminal board provides a convenient way of interfacing switches or
other digital I/O devices to the I/O ports. I/O lines at the connector can be
connected to an STB-26 with a CMA-26 cable. Parallel I/O devices are then
connected to the screw terminals on the STB-26. The illustration on page
an STB-26 terminal board connected to the digital I/O. Refer to the STB-26 product
sheet for more information.
Opto-module rack interface
You can interface digital I/O lines to an 8-, 16-, or 24-position opto-module rack.
One end of the CMA-26 cable plugs into the I/O connector and the other plugs into
an MPB–8, MPB–16, or an MPB–24 opto rack. Refer to the MPB opto racks data
sheet for more information.
You can also use a CMA–26 cable to connect the I/O port to an STB–26 terminal
board and then to the opto rack. The STB–26 has two 26-pin connectors, one of
which connects to the I/O port, the other which connects to the opto rack. The
illustration on page
For either configuration, run a separate power line to +5V and ground on the optorack.
Use the following table to determine the corresponding opto-channel position for
ports A, B, and C.
63 shows both of these configurations.
63 shows
64
Table 8–3 Digital I/O opto-rack interface
Digital I/O opto-rack interface
MPB opto rack I/O port Connector pin
Opto-module position Port C
0 Bit 0 13
1 Bit 1 16
2 Bit 2 15
3 MPB-08
4 Bit 4 14
5 Bit 5 11
6 Bit 6 12
7 Bit 7 9
8 Bit 0 19
9 Bit 1 21
10 Bit 2 23
11 MPB-16
12 Bit 4 24
13 Bit 5 22
14 Bit 6 20
15 Bit 7 18
16 Bit 0 10
17 Bit 1 8
18 Bit 2 4
19 MPB-24
20 Bit 4 1
21 Bit 5 3
22 Bit 6 5
23 Bit 7 7
Bit 3 17
Port A
Bit 3 25
Port B
Bit 3 6
65
Organization of banks
The I/O digital bank has a total of 24 I/O lines connected to a 26-pin header. The
lines are configured into three groups: ports A, B and C, each group consisting of 8
bits. Any of the lines at ports A, B or C can be configured individually as inputs or
outputs.
Figure 8–2 Organization of banks
Base
1050h
Port A
8
Base + 1
1051h
Port B
8
Base + 2
1052h
Port C
8
Base + 3
1053h
Control
Register
J7, Digital I/O
Port addressing
Ports A, B, C and the control register are addressable. The base I/O address is set
at 1050h. Ports A, B, C and the control register are addressable, with reference to
the base address.
66
19 I/O lines configurable for pulled low / pulled high
Five I/O lines are always pulled low. These lines are port A bits 0, 1 and 2, and port
C bits 2 and 3. The other 19 bits can be pulled low or pulled high using jumper
block W1. This allows a known state upon powerup. +5V is used to pull the lines
high, and 10K ohm resistor networks are used to configure the I/O lines as low. See
18 for the location of W1.
page
Table 8–4 Digital I/O pulled high / pulled low jumper
Jumper block W1
Pins jumpered Configuration of 19 I/O lines
[1:2] Pulled high
[2:3]* Pulled low
* default
Configuring and programming the I/O port
The I/O chip has three ports with eight parallel I/O lines (bits) per port. All lines
can be programmed as all inputs, all outputs or individually as inputs or outputs.
You can alter which bits are inputs or outputs by writing a control command to the
control register of the I/O bank. When a line is configured as an output, it can sink
a maximum of
software or hardware reset, all digital I/O lines are reset as inputs.
15 mA at 0.4V or can source 15 mA at 2.4V. On powerup and
Programming the I/O
Follow these steps to program the I/O chip:
1. Configure the I/O port bit directions, either as inputs or outputs.
2. Write to port A, B, or C with the desired level or read the bit level from the
desired port.
Configuring the I/O
Follow these steps to configure the I/O chip.
Note In the following examples, “base” for I/O always refers to the base address as
1050h.
1. Write a “2” to the control register (base address + 3). This places the I/O chip in
“direction” mode: (base address = 1050h)
OUT 1053h, 2 (control register, direction mode)
2. Set the direction of each bit. A “0” written to the corresponding line indicates
an input and a “1” bit indicates an output. Each bit corresponds to the
equivalent I/O line.
67
Table 8–5 I/O port byte
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Port I/O
X 7
X 6
X 5
X 4
X 3
X 2
X 1
X 0
For example, writing 00011100 to port C (base address + 2) will configure port C
I/O lines 0, 1, 5, 6, and 7 to be inputs and lines 2, 3, and 4 to be outputs:
OUT 1052h, 1Ch (00011100 binary = 1C hexadecimal)
3. Write a “1” to the control register (base register + 3). This places the I/O chip
into “preset” mode:
OUT 1053h, 1 (control register, preset mode)
4. Write a bit pattern to appear at the outputs of the desired I/O port when the
I/O chip is put in “operation” mode; all input bits are unaffected.
Line
5. Write a “3” to the control register (base register + 3). This places the I/O chip
back into “operation” mode:
OUT 1053h, 3 (control register)
Writing and reading from I/O
Writing to or reading from the desired I/O port is accomplished with single
program statements:
1. To write a bit pattern to the desired I/O port:
OUT 1052h, FFh
All output bits of port C go high; all input bits are unaffected.
2. To read a bit pattern from the desired I/O port:
PORTC = INP(1052h)
The byte read from port C is assigned to variable PORTC.
68
I/O output program examples
To configure ports A, B, and C as all outputs, issue the commands:
OUT 1053h, 2 ‘Direction’ Mode
OUT 1050h, FFh ‘PortA’
OUT 1051h, FFh ‘PortB’
OUT 1052h, FFh ‘PortC’
OUT 1053h, 3 ‘Operation’ Mode
Ports A, B, and C will now output all “1”s after issuing the following commands:
OUT 1050h, FFh (portA)
OUT 1051h, FFh (portB)
OUT 1052h, FFh (portC)
or all “0”s after:
OUT 1050h, 0 (portA)
OUT 1051h, 0 (portB)
OUT 1052h, 0 (portC)
I/O input program examples
To configure ports A and C as inputs and port B as outputs, issue the following
commands:
OUT 1053h, 2 ‘Direction Mode’
OUT 1050h, 0
OUT 1051h, FF
OUT 1052h, 0
OUT 1053h, 3 ‘Operation Mode’
To read ports A and C, issue the following commands:
PORTA = INP(1050h) (port A)
PORTC = INP(1052h) (port C)
69
Built-in BIOS function definitions
This section provides definitions for the following built-in functions: Initialize I/O,
Write I/O, and Read I/O. These functions can only be used with DOS operating
systems. If you use a different operating system, the functionality can still be used
by your application but must be integrated into your software.
Initialize I/O
Function: efh
Subfunction: 00h
Purpose: To set the directions and to program the
initial values of an I/O port.
Calling registers: Ah efh
AL 00h
DI Port A configuration
Initial Data Direction Mask
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxB
direction: 1=output, 0=input
BX Port B configuration
Initial Data Direction Mask
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxB
direction: 1=output, 0=input 0->input
CX Port C configuration
Initial Data Direction Mask
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxB
direction: 1=output, 0=input
DX ffffh
AL Error code
Comments: This function is used to initialize the
I/O before normal use.
Programming example:
/* Inline assembly code for Borland C++ 3.1 */
asm {
mov ax,0ef00h
mov di,00ffh /*port A all outputs,
init data=all 0’s */
mov bx,55ffh /*port B all outputs,
init data=55h*/
mov cx,0000h /*port C all inputs*
mov dx,0ffffh
int 17h
}
70
Write I/O
Function: efh
Subfunction: 01h
Purpose: To write a value to an I/O port.
Calling registers: AH efh
AL 01h
DI Port A mask and data
Mask Data
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxB
Mask: 1=bit to be changed
BX Port B mask and data
Mask Data
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxB
Mask: 1=bit to be changed
CX Port C mask and data
Mask Data
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxB
Mask: 1=bit to be changed
DX ffffh
AL Error code
Comments: This function is used to initialize the
I/O.
Programming example:
/* Inline assembly code for Borland C++ 3.1 */
asm {
mov ax,0ef01h
mov di,00ffh /*port A: no change */
mov bx,8000h /*port B: bit 7 set to 0*/
mov cx,0202h /*port C: bit 1 set to 0*/
mov dx,0ffffh
int 17h
}
Read I/O
Function: efh
Subfunction: 02h
Purpose: To read from an I/O port.
Calling registers: AH efh
AL 02h
DX ffffh
Return registers: AL Port A data
Ah Port B data
BL Port C data
Comments: This function is used to read from the
I/O.
Programming example:
/* Inline assembly code for Borland C++ 3.1 */
asm {
mov ax,0efoch
mov dx,0ffffh
int 17h
mov aData,al
mov bData,ah
mov cData,bl
}
71
Chapter 9: LPT1 parallel port
LPT1 is an alternate function for the digital I/O connector J7. It supports the
unidirectional standard mode and the bi-directional mode. The I/O address for
LPT1 is 278h, with interrupt IRQ7.
BIOS Setup configuration for LPT1
The digital I/O connector J7 is configured in the BIOS Setup Custom Configuration
menu as either a digital I/O port (default) or as an LPT parallel port. Toggle the
EZIO (1050)/LPT (278) field to select LPT. When digital I/O (EZIO) is selected the
base address is 1050h, with no interrupt. LPT uses base address 278h with IRQ 7.
Configuring the LPT signals
The signals on connector J7 must be pulled low when using this port as LPT.
Jumper block W1 uses 10K ohm resistor networks to configure these lines as low.
See page
connecting a printer cable.
Table 9–1 LPT lines pulled low jumper
18 for the location of W1. Ensure that W1[2:3] is jumpered before
Jumper block W1
Pins jumpered Configuration of LPT lines
[1:2] Pulled high
[2:3]* Pulled low
* default
72
Creating a printer cable
The LPT port requires a custom cable to route the signals from J7 to a printer. Do
not use a standard 26-pin to DB-25 cable, as that would route +5V to pin 2, and
would route the rest of the signals to incorrect pins.
To build an LPT cable, use a DB-25 connector, a 26-lead ribbon cable, and a 26-pin
Amp 746288-6 connector.
Pin 1 on the ribbon cable is red. This goes to pin 1 on the DB-25 and the 26-pin
connector. Cut wire 2 at the 26-pin connector. This signal is +5V, and must not be
routed to the DB-25. Swap wires 25 and 26. The ribbon cable can then be straight
connected to the 26-pin connector and the DB-25. Figure 9–1 shows a custom
printer cable for J7. Table 9–1 shows how the J7 signals are routed to the DB-25
once wire 2 is clipped, and wires 25 and 26 are swapped.
Note You must use J7 pin 26 for a ground. That is the only true ground on the connector.
All other signals are routed through an FPGA.
Figure 9–1 Custom printer cable
Cut wire 2
Swap wires 25 and 26
73
Table 9–1 DB-25 routing to J7 connector
DB-25 routing to J7 connector
DB-25 • J7 DB-25 • J7
1 • 1 14 • 3
2 • 4 15 • 5
3 • 6 16 • 7
4 • 8 17 • 9
5 • 10 18 • 11
6 • 12 19 • 13
7 • 14 20 • 15
8 • 16 21 • 17
9 • 18 22 • 19
10 • 20 23 • 21
11 • 22 24 • 23
12 • 24 25 • 26
13 • 25
Installing a printer
1. Make sure that J7 is configured as an LPT port in BIOS Setup.
2. Ensure that W1[2:3] is jumpered.
3. Connect the custom cable from the LPT1 port (J7) to the 25-pin connector on
your printer cable.
4. Connect the cable to your printer.
74
Chapter 10: CRTs and TFT flat panels
Description
The video system on the 5266 is implemented with the Geode LX 800 CPU. It
supports CRTs and flat panel displays. CRT displays from QVGA through XVGA
are supported. The 5266 supports 3.3V TFT flat panel displays directly through the
VESA connector; 5V flat panels require a separate power source.
Standard VGA monitors with analog inputs are connected using a 2 mm VGA–12
cable (p/n 6392) connected to J6. TFT flat panel displays are connected using a
VESA standard 41-pin Hirose connector at J501.
Video features
Below is a list of standard video features installed on the 5266:
CRT support with resolutions to 1600 x 1200 x 24
TFT flat panel support with resolutions up to 1024 x 768 x 18
Connecting a monitor
To use a monitor, the Video switch, Switch 500 position 2 must be set to On. This is
the default configuration. The 10-pin connector at J6 supports all analog CRT color
or monochrome monitors. The 2 mm VGA–12 cable connects to J6 and provides a
DB–15 video mating connector for a CRT. Refer to figure 10–1 for a diagram of
connecting a CRT, and table 10–1 for the pinout for J6.
To connect a monitor you will need the following equipment (or equivalent):
5266 CPU Card
2 mm VGA-12 cable, Octagon p/n 6392
VGA monitor
To connect a monitor:
1. Ensure that the Video switch, Switch 500 position 2 is set to On (default).
2. Plug the VGA–12 adapter cable into J6 on the 5266.
3. Plug the DB–15 end of the VGA–12 cable into the VGA cable of the monitor.
Refer to Figure 10–1.
75
Table 10–1 J6 – CRT connector
J6, CRT Connector
Pin # Pin Name Pin Name Pin #
1 RED GREEN 2
3 BLUE GND 4
5 +5V GND 6
7 HSYNCOUT DDC SDA 8
9 DDC SCL VSYNCOUT 10
Figure 10–1 The 5266 and a VGA monitor
VGA Monitor
USB Keyboard
VGA-12 cable
Dot indicates
pin 1
76
Connecting a flat panel display
The 5266 video supports most standard TFT flat panels through BIOS Setup
configurations. The 5266 support
768. Note that 3.3V flat panels are supported through the connector, while 5V
panels require an alternate power source. See “5V flat panels” in this chapter for
information on connecting a 5V flat panel.
Note The 5266 does not support LVDS flat panels. Also, EL panels, and some quarter
VGA panels are not supported. Call Technical Support for information.
BIOS Setup for flat panels
In the BIOS Setup Custom Configuration menu there are four fields that you must
set to match your flat panel. These fields are Video device mode, which sets the
resolution; Video data width, which sets the pixels per clock; and FP HSYNC
Polarity and FP VSYNC Polarity, which set the respective sync signals as active
high or active low. Refer to your flat panel documentation for the appropriate
settings for these fields.
Figure 10–2 shows a flat panel connected to the 5266. Table 10–2 shows the pinout
for the J501 flat panel connector.
s flat panel resolutions from 320 x 240 up to 1024 x
Flat panels requiring bias voltage
Some flat panels require a bias voltage. To determine if your flat panel requires
bias voltage, refer to your flat panel documentation. If your flat panel requires a
bias voltage, refer to the manufacturer’s documentation for procedures on
supplying the proper bias voltage.
WARNING!
Since improper voltage levels can severely damage the flat panel,
make sure the bias voltage is correct before the flat panel is
connected to the 5266.
5V flat panels
The 41-pin VESA connector provides 3.3V to power flat panels through pins 39 and
40 (see table 10–2). If your flat panel requires 5V, you will have to do the following:
1. Clip the wires on your cable that correspond to pins 39 and 40, so that 3.3V
does not feed through to your flat panel.
2. Use the 3.3V from pin 39 or 40 as an input to a FET or a power supply control
to create a controlled 5V supply.
3. Bring your 5V into the FET or power supply control, and use the controlled 5V
output to power your flat panel.
77
Connecting the flat panel to the 5266
The maximum recommended cable length for flat panels is 18 inches. Table 10–2
shows the pinout for the flat panel connector. To connect a flat panel:
1. Ensure that the Video switch (SW500 position 2) is set to On.
2. Refer to the your flat panel documentation to determine the supply voltage for
your panel, and whether a bias voltage is required.
3. Ensure the Fields in the Custom Configuration menu are set to match your flat
panel.
3. Ensure your cable correctly routes the signals from J501 to your flat panel.
Refer to table 10–2. Connect your cable from the flat panel to the flat panel
connector. Refer to figure 10–2.
Improper wiring or connection from the flat panel to the 5266 can
damage the 5266 and the flat panel. Verify the flat panel cable
connections before connecting the cable to the 5266 and applying
power to the system.
Figure 10–2 The 5266 and a flat panel display
Warning
Flat Panel Display
J501 connector on bottom of board
78
Table 10–2 J501 – flat panel connector
Pin # Signal Signal Pin #
1 GROUND FPSHIFT 2
3 GROUND FPLINE 4
5 FPFRAME GROUND 6
7 GROUND GROUND 8
9 R0 R1 10
11 R2 GROUND 12
13 R3 R4 14
15 R5 GROUND 16
17 GROUND GROUND 18
19 G0 G1 20
21 G2 GROUND 22
23 G3 G4 24
25 G5 GROUND 26
27 GROUND GROUND 28
29 B0 B1 30
31 B2 GROUND 32
33 B3 B4 34
35 B5 GROUND 36
37 DRDY nc 38
39 VCC 3.3 VCC 3.3 40
41 nc
J501, flat panel connector
79
Chapter 11: Ethernet
Description
The 5266 provides a 10/100BaseT Ethernet port and supports the IEEE 802.3
Ethernet standard. The 5266 uses the Intel 82551ER Ethernet chip. This chip is
fully Plug-N-Play compatible.
The Ethernet controller IC chip provides the following:
8K x 16 SRAM buffer
Integrated 10/100 BaseT transceiver interface
Two LEDs for link and traffic status integrated into connector
The 5266 Ethernet uses twisted–pair wiring cable. The interface terminates at the
standard, 8–position, RJ–45 latching jack.
Use a strain relief loop when connecting to the 5266 Ethernet
connector to avoid damaging the connector.
The Ethernet port uses IRQ11.
CAUTION
For more information on programming the Ethernet port, see the README file in
the Ethernet directory of the 5266 utilities. See page
utilities.
Table 11–1 Ethernet LEDs
Function Color Description
Speed LED Amber On for 100M, Off for 10M
Link/Activity LED Green Activated by network link, blinks on activity
118 for downloading the
Ethernet LEDs
80
Chapter 12: USB
Description
Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a hardware interface for peripherals such as the
keyboard, mouse, joystick, scanner, printer, and telephony devices. The 5266 has
four USB 2.0 channels. USB 2.0 has a maximum transfer rate of 480 Mbits/sec. All
channels are Universal HCI compliant.
The USB ports are accessed via a standard dual USB port at J1 (USB 1 and 2), or
a 10-pin, 0.1” pitch connector at J5 (USB 3 and 4). Peripherals can be plugged in
and unplugged while power is applied to the system (see Caution below).
Octagon provides a cable that routes the USB 3 and 4 signals to standard USB
connectors (Octagon p/n 6288). This cable consists of two five-pin connectors that
mate with the J5 connector on one end, and two USB connectors at the other end.
Ensure that the arrow on the five-pin connectors is matched to the pin 1 end of J5.
Any USB device can then plug into either USB interface on the USB adapter cable,
or into a multi-port hub that then plugs into the USB adapter cable.
An operating system capable of utilizing the USB ports and USB devices is
required for USB operation.
USB devices are hot-swappable when a device is plugged into a
standard USB connector such as J1, as pins on the connectors
determine the order in which they make contact. Devices are not
hot-swappable when connected to a non-standard header (J5). You
can hot swap a device through the USB Adapter cable connected to
J5, or through another USB connector wired to the 10-pin header,
but you cannot hot swap at the 10-pin header itself.
Caution
USB hard drives and CD-ROMs
A USB hard drive must be assigned a drive in the BIOS Setup Basic CMOS
Configuration menu. A USB CD-ROM does not need a drive assignment. The 5266
can boot from a USB hard drive or CD-ROM. For a hard drive, select the drive
letter assigned to the hard drive for the Boot First field. For a CD-ROM, select CDROM.
81
Chapter 13: Audio and PC beep speaker
Description
The audio is implemented with an AC 97 Codec. It provides stereo line in and
stereo line out. These functions are on connector J9. Both inputs and outputs are
unamplified signals, so the speakers must have a separate power source and
volume control.
The PC beep speaker is implemented with the Geode CS5536 Southbridge, and is
accessed at connector W2. Table 13–1 shows the audio connector, and table 13–2.
shows the PC speaker connector.
Table 13–1 J9 – audio connector
J9, audio connector
Pin # Pin Name Pin Name Pin #
1 Lineout_L Linein_R 2
3 Audio Ground Audio Ground 4
5 Audio Ground Audio Ground 6
7 Lineout_R Linein_L 8
Table 13–2 W2 – PC speaker connector
W2, PC speaker connector
Pin # Pin Name
1 Ground
2 PC_Beep
3 +5V
Note See Appendix A - Connectors for mating information.
82
Overview: Section 3 – System management
Section 3 provides information on managing the 5266 in the areas of internal
control and troubleshooting. The following chapters are included:
Chapter 14: Watchdog timer and hardware reset
Chapter 15: Serial EEPROM
Chapter 16: System switches, user switches, BIOS update, and LEDs
Chapter 17: CPU clock and ISA bus interrupt routing
Chapter 18: Troubleshooting
83
Chapter 14: Watchdog timer and hardware reset
Description
The watchdog timer is a fail-safe against program crashes or processor lockups. It
has programmable timeout periods of 1 second to 2
16
seconds. The watchdog timer
can be enabled or disabled in Setup. The built-in INT17 software calls or an
operating system driver can be used to enable and set the timeout, strobe, and
disable the watchdog timer from your application. If the timer expires, it performs
a hardware reset.
Booting, power down, and strobing the watchdog timer
When the watchdog is enabled in Setup, it sets the timeout period for 300 seconds.
The BIOS will strobe the watchdog during the boot process and once more just
before booting is finished. The user’s application must then begin strobing. The
watchdog will continue until it is disabled or power down occurs.
If the watchdog is enabled in Setup and your operating system cannot load up
before the timer expires, your system could reset. Also, if you do not disable the
watchdog and your strobing application ends before power down you could again
reset. If these watchdog situations should occur, set the “S” switch, Switch 500
position 1, to Off and reboot. This causes the 5266 to boot using Setup defaults
(watchdog disabled). Enter Setup, then change and save the watchdog settings in
Setup.
84
Watchdog function definitions using enhanced INT 17h handler
This section provides definitions for the watchdog functions using the built-in
INT17 handler. The INT17 handler is designed for DOS based applications. If you
use a different operating system and the watchdog functions are required for your
application, you must supply drivers to access the watchdog. Contact Octagon
Systems for more information on the drivers.
Enable watchdog
Function: fdh
Subfunction: 01h
Purpose: To enable the watchdog.
Calling registers: AH fdh
AL 01h
BX timeout period; the value entered here is
the number of seconds, up to ffffh
DX ffffh
Return registers: None
Comments: This function enables the watchdog. Once
the watchdog is enabled, it has to be strobed at
a period greater than the timeout period
specified or until the watchdog is disabled.
Otherwise, a system reset will occur.
Programming example:
/* Inline assembly code for Borland C++ 3.1 */
/* set watchdog to 10 second timeout */
asm {
mov ax,0fd01h
mov bx,1
mov dx,0ffffh
int 17h
}
Strobe watchdog
Function: fdh
Subfunction: 02h
Purpose: To strobe the watchdog.
Calling registers: AH fdh
AL 02h
BX timeout period; the value entered here is
the number of seconds, up to ffffh
DX ffffh
Return registers: None
Comments: This function strobes the watchdog. Once the
watchdog is enabled, it has to be strobed at a
period greater than the timeout period or until
the watchdog is disabled. Otherwise, a system
reset will occur.
85
Programming example:
/* Inline assembly code for Borland C++ 3.1 */
asm {
mov ax,0fd02h
mov dx,0ffffh
int 17h
}
Disable watchdog
Function: fdh
Subfunction: 03h
Purpose: To disable the watchdog.
Calling registers: AH fdh
AL 03h
DX ffffh
Return registers: None
Comments: This function disables the watchdog. Once the
Programming example:
/* Inline assembly code for Borland C++ 3.1 */
asm {
mov ax,0fd03h
mov dx,0ffffh
int 17h
}
watchdog is enabled, it has to be strobed at a
period greater than the timeout period or until
the watchdog is disabled. Otherwise, a system
reset will occur.
Hardware reset
The reset switch (Switch SW1) allows you to reset the system without turning off
the power. This provides a more complete reset than the <CTRL><ALT><DEL>
method. Depressing this button pulls the circuit to ground and resets the system.
The RESET command accomplishes the same thing as the reset button. Refer to
the component diagram in the Quick start chapter for the location of the reset
switch, and to Appendix B, Software utilities, for information on the Reset utility.
WARNING!
When using COM1 as the console, the <CTRL><ALT> <DEL>
commands on the host system keyboard only reset the host system.
Use the RESET command to issue a hardware reset on the 5266.
86
Chapter 15: Serial EEPROM
Description
A 720-byte serial EEPROM is available to the user. The serial EEPROM does not
require battery backup to maintain the data when the system power is off. The
serial EEPROM is easily accessible via software interrupts by most programming
languages.
Built-in INT 17h function definitions
The serial EEPROM definitions include the following functions: Read a single byte
from serial EEPROM, Write a single byte to serial EEPROM, and Return serial
EEPROM size.
Serial EEPROM
Read a single byte from the serial EEPROM
Function: fch
Subfunction: 00h
Purpose: To read a single byte from the on–board serial
Calling registers: AH fch
AL 00h
BX Word address (zero based)
DX ffffh (User area relative address)
Return registers: AX Word read
Error code Meaning
ffh Unknown error
01h Function not implemented
02h Defective serial EEPROM
03h Illegal access
Comments: This function reads a byte from the user area of
Programming example:
/* Read byte 2*/
unsigned int seeData;
/* Inline assembly code for Borland C++ 3.1*/
asm {
mov ax,0fc00h
mov bx,02h /* Read byte 2*/
mov dx,0ffffh
int 17h
mov seeData,ax/* store data in c environment */
}
EEPROM.
the serial EEPROM.
Write a single byte to the serial EEPROM
Function: fch
87
Subfunction: 01h
Purpose: To write a single byte to the on–board serial
EEPROM.
Calling registers: AH fch
AL 00h
BX Word address (zero based)
CX Data word to write
DX ffffh (User area relative address)
Return registers: AL Error code
Error code Meaning
ffh Unknown error
01h Function not implemented
02h Defective serial EEPROM
03h Illegal access
Comments: This function writes a word to the user area of
the serial EEPROM.
Programming example:
/* Write 0x1234 to word 3*/
unsigned int seeData = 0x1234;
/* Inline assembly code for Borland C++ 3.1*/
asm {
mov ax,0fc01h
mov bx,03h /* Write word 3*/
mov cx,seeData/* Get write data from c environment */
mov dx,0ffffh
int 17h
}
Return serial EEPROM size
Function: fch
Subfunction: 04h
Purpose: To obtain the size (bytes) of the on–board serial
EEPROM.
Calling registers: AH fch
AL 04h
DX ffffh
Return registers: BX Size available to user (512 bytes)
AL Error code
Error code Meaning
ffh Unknown error
01h Function not implemented
02h Defective serial EEPROM
03h Illegal access
Comments: This function returns the size (in bytes) of the
serial EEPROM. Since the user cannot access all
of the serial EEPROM, this function determines
how much space is available to the user. This
avoids the user from accessing unavailable
addresses.
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Programming example:
unsigned int seeUserSize;
/* Inline assembly code for Borland C++ 3.1*/
asm {
mov ax,0fc04h
mov dx,0ffffh
int 17h
mov seeUserSize,bx
}
89
Chapter 16: System switches, user switches, BIOS update and LEDs
System switches
Various system function options are selected with Switch 500.
The “S” switch selects whether the card boots from user defined parameters
(defined in the Setup Programs chapter), or the BIOS defaults. Setting this switch
Off allows the user to return to factory programmed defaults.
The “V” switch enables or disables the on-card video, allowing an external video
card, or the serial console to be used.
The “X” switch is reserved for future use.
The “U” switch is user defined and can be used for program control.
−
Table 16
1 System configuration switches, Switch 500
Switch 500 – System Configuration
Label Description Position
S System parameters option switch: 1
On = enable User Setup options*
Off = enable BIOS Setup default
V Video switch: 2
On = enable on-card video*
Off = disable on-card video
X reserved for future use 3
U User switch, default On* 4
* = default
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System switch
The system switch is position 1. When this switch is On the system boots using the
parameters stored in Setup. When this switch is Off the system boots using the
factory defaults for all parameters in Setup. Note that if you must set the system
switch Off to recover your system, the user-defined parameters in Setup will not be
changed unless you enter Setup, make the changes, and exit saving changes.
Video switch
The video switch is position 2. When this switch is On the on-card video is enabled.
To use a serial console, or an extension-card video only without using the onboard
video controller (such as a PC/104), set this switch Off.
User switch
The user switch is position 4 and is associated with GP13. The INT17 functions
provide an easy method to implement software routines according to whether or
not a switch is On. Refer to the INT17 calls to read user switch on page
91.
INT17 calls to read user switches
The INT17 functions provide an easy method to implement software routines
according to whether or not a user switch is On.
Function: 0fbh
Sub-Function: 0bh
Purpose: To read user jumper
Calling Registers: AH 0fbh
AL 0bh
DX 0ffffh
Return Registers: AL Jumper data
bit 0 user jumper 1. 1=on, 0=off
Carry flag set if error
AL Error code
Comments: This function shall be used to read the user
switches
Programming example:
/* Inline assembly code for Borland C++ 3.1 */
unsigned char aData;
asm {
MOV AX, 0fb0bh
MOV DX, 0ffffh
INT 17h
MOV aData, AL
}
if (aData & 1)
printf(“U1 switch is ON\n”);
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BIOS programming using REFLASH.EXE
The BIOS on the 5266 can be updated using the REFLASH.EXE utility. This
utility can be found in the \5266\EXTBIOS subdirectory of the utilities (see page
118 to download utilities). To update the BIOS the following steps must be taken:
1. Copy REFLASH.EXE, REFLASH.CMD, and BIOS.ROM from the
\5266\EXTBIOS subdirectory to the root of a bootable CompactFlash disk.
2. Boot the 5266 from the CompactFlash disk with a CRT monitor or flat panel
connected to the system.
3. At the DOS prompt for the “C” drive type REFLASH <enter>.
The utility will display a progress screen and tell you when the process is done. You
may need to push the reset button or cycle the power on the system to boot from
the updated BIOS.
LEDs
The 5266 has three on-board LEDs, in addition to the LEDs on the Ethernet
connector. See page
CR1 is a bicolor User LED. The amber LED is connected to GP12, and the green
LED is connected to GP13. CR1 is also used by the BIOS during booting to indicate
the status of the boot process (see page
18 for the location of the LEDs.
97).
CR501 contains an amber and a green LED. The amber is an activity indicator for
the CompactFlash. The green is an activity indicator for the IDE drive devices
(hard drive, CD ROM, etc.)
CR503 is a white power on LED. This indicates the system is powered.
92
Chapter 17: CPU clock and ISA bus interrupt routing
CPU clock speed
The CPU clock speed can be configured to run at 400 MHz or 500 MHz. The
CPU/GLIU field in the BIOS Setup Custom Configuration sets the speed. The
default is 500 MHz.
ISA bus and onboard interrupt routing
The 5266 provides for flexible routing of interrupts that originate from the ISA bus
and onboard source. The interrupt routing provides flexibility to the interrupt
structure, allowing the lower-ordered ISA interrupts to be connected to the unused
higher-ordered interrupts. Caution must be used when configuring the jumper
options. The application software must also be aware of the interrupt that is set for
the particular resource.
Jumper blocks W4 and W5 allow the source interrupt to be routed to the
appropriate destination.
Table 17–1 shows the jumper settings for the ISA bus interrupts, as well as the
default configuration for each of the interrupts. The ISA bus interrupts that can be
routed are:
Bus IRQ3
Bus IRQ4
Bus IRQ6
Bus IRQ7
Table 17–2 shows the jumper settings for the onboard interrupts, as well as the
default configuration for each of the interrupts. The onboard interrupts that can be
routed are:
Serial Port A IRQ (COM1)
Serial Port B IRQ (COM2)
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Table 17–1 ISA bus interrupt routing
ISA bus interrupts
Pins jumpered Source Destination
W4[1:2] Bus IRQ3 IRQ3
W4[1:3] * Bus IRQ3 IRQ10
W4[5:6] Bus IRQ4 IRQ4
W4[5:7] * Bus IRQ4 IRQ11
W5[1:3] Bus IRQ5 IRQ7
W5[3:4] Bus IRQ5 IRQ5
W5[3:5] * Bus IRQ5 IRQ14
W5[4:6] Bus IRQ6 IRQ5
W5[5:6] Bus IRQ6 IRQ14
W5[6:8] * Bus IRQ6 IRQ6
W4[7:9] Bus IRQ6 IRQ11
W4[9:10] Bus IRQ6 IRQ12
W5[1:2] * Bus IRQ7 IRQ7
W5[1:3] Bus IRQ7 IRQ5
* default
Note Bus IRQ6 can be inadvertently routed to two interrupts. This is not an acceptable
configuration.
Table 17–2 Onboard interrupt routing
Onboard interrupts
Pins jumpered Source Destination
W4[2:4] * Serial B IRQ (COM2) IRQ3
W4[3:4] Serial B IRQ (COM2) IRQ10
W4[4:6] Serial B IRQ (COM2) IRQ4
W4[6:8] * Serial A IRQ (COM1) IRQ4
W4[7:8] Serial A IRQ (COM1) IRQ11
W4[8:10] Serial A IRQ (COM1) IRQ12
* default
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Chapter 18: Troubleshooting
If your system is not working properly, check the following items.
No system LED activity
If there is no LED activity, check the following:
Turn the “S” switch Off.
Check all power connections to the 5266 card.
Measure the supply voltage at the J11 power connector and verify that the
voltage at the 5266 card is +5V (+/–0.25V).
Make sure your power module provides +5V (+/–0.25V) and at least 10A of
current (to meet inrush requirement).
No CRT or flat panel video
If the LEDs appear to be functioning properly, but there is no video activity, check
the following:
Turn the “S” switch Off.
If using a CRT monitor, check the cable and connections going from the J6
connector to the monitor.
If using a flat panel display, check the following:
Check the power and cables going to the flat panel display.
Make sure that the power module has enough current capacity to power both
the 5266 card and the flat panel.
Ensure you have entered the proper settings for your flat panel in BIOS Setup.
If an analog monitor is not present or is not displaying the video data correctly,
the system can be booted via the serial console by doing the following:
1. Turn the “S” switch Off and the “V” switch On.
2. Connect the COM port of a host computer running HyperTerminal or some
other terminal software to COM1 on the 5266 using a serial console (see
52.) The serial port settings on the host computer should be 115.2K
page
baud, 8, N, and none.
3. Power up the 5266; it will boot using the serial console interface.
95
Video is present but is distorted
If video is present but is distorted, check the following:
Turn the “S” switch Off.
If using a CRT monitor, check the cable and connections going from the J6
connector to the monitor.
If using a flat panel display, check the following:
1. Cable and connections going from the 5266 to the flat panel display.
2. Power cable going to the flat panel display.
3. Power module for the flat panel. Make sure that the power module has
enough current capacity to power both the 5266 and the flat panel.
4. BIOS Setup settings for your flat panel.
No serial console activity
If the serial console does not appear to be functioning correctly, check the following:
Turn the “S” switch Off.
Make sure the COM1/2 connector on the 5266 is used.
Make sure a null modem adapter is installed between COM1 of the VTC-20F
cable and the serial port of your PC.
Make sure that your terminal emulator (such as HyperTerminal) on your PC is
set up properly. Refer to the Console devices chapter. Refer to the
HyperTerminal manual for information on setting up communication
parameters.
After verifying the above conditions, you can monitor voltage levels by
connecting an oscilloscope between the TxD* line on COM1 and ground. After
power-up, you should see a burst of activity on the oscilloscope screen. The
voltage level should switch between +/–8V.
Garbled serial console screen activity
If you do get activity on your console screen but the message is garbled, check the
following:
Turn the “S” switch Off to ensure the default settings for COM1. The default
baud rate is 115200.
Make sure that your terminal emulator (such as HyperTerminal) on your PC is
set up properly. Refer to the Console devices chapter. Refer to the
HyperTerminal manual for information on setting up communication
parameters.
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System generates a BIOS message but locks up when booting
Turn the “S” switch Off and reboot.
Verify that all the necessary boot files exist on the boot device. Copy any
missing files to the boot device.
If no files are missing, overwrite any files which may have become corrupted.
In addition, you may want to format the boot device.
System will not boot from CompactFlash
Many CompactFlash devices as shipped from the factory are not bootable devices.
Refer to the CompactFlash, SDRAM, and battery backup chapter to make your
CompactFlash bootable. Also, try changing the IDE 0 parameters in Setup to
Phoenix or Physical, and ensure that the CompactFlash is designated as drive C:.
System locks up on power-up; may or may not respond to reset switch
A common cause is using a non-Octagon power supply such as a PC desktop supply.
Most of these PC supplies are rated at 5V at 20A or more. Switching supplies
usually requires a 20% load to operate properly, that is, 4A or more. Since a typical
Octagon system takes less than 2A, the supply does not regulate properly. Output
drift up to 6–7V and/or 7–8 voltage spikes have been reported. If the power supply
comes up slowly, the sequencing of ICs on the board may be out of sync, thus,
causing the system to lock up.
System locks up after power-down/power-up
If the power supply does not drain below 0.7V, the CMOS components on the card
will act like diodes and forward bias. This is typically caused by using power
supplies that have large output capacitors. Either use a different power supply that
discharges faster, leave the power off until the supply has adequate time to
discharge or place a 100 ohm, large wattage resistor across the output capacitor.
LED signaling of “beep” counts
Description
The 5266 performs a complete series of tests during power on self test (POST). The
progress is recorded in port 80. Table 18–1 shows the port 80 codes.
The 5266 has a bicolor LED that is used by the BIOS to indicate the BIOS
processing state. Immediately after the 5266 powers on, the LED is on and the
green LED is off. Once the card boots, the amber LED turns off and the green LED
is on.
If the BIOS finds an error during POST the amber LED is flashed in a count
indicating the POST code failure. The visual beep counts are defined in Table 18–2.
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Count the number of flashes; the resulting number matches the POST error found
in the Table 18–2. For example, five flashes indicates the CPU test failed.
The POST codes are listed in numerical order. This is not the sequence in which
the actions are executed.
Table 18–1 POST port 80 codes
Port 80
Code
00h
01h
02h
03h
04h
05h
06h
07h
08h
09h
0Ah
0Bh
0Ch
0Dh
OEh
0Fh
10h
11h
12h
13h
14h
15h
16h
17h
18h
19h
1Ah
1Bh
1Ch
20h
21h
22h
23h
24h
25h
26h
27h
28h
29h
2Ah
2Bh
POST Routine Description
Start POST (BIOS is executing)
Start CPU register test
Start power-on delay
Power-on delay finished
Keyboard BAT finished
Disable shadowing and cache
Compute ROM CRC, wait for KBC
CRC okay, KBC ready
Verifying BAT command to KB
Start KBC command
Start KBC data
Start pin 23, 24 blocking and unblocking
Start KBC NOP command
Test CMOS RAM shutdown register
Check CMOS checksum
Initialize CMOC contents
Initialize CMOS status for date/time
Disable DMA, PICs
Disable Port B, video display
Initialize board, start memory detection
Start timer tests
Test 8254 T2, for speaker, Port B
Test 8254 T1, for refresh
Test 8254 T0, for 18.2 Hz
Start memory refresh
Test memory refresh
Test 15μsec ON/OFF time
Test base 64KB memory
Test data lines
Test address lines
Test parity (toggling)
Test Base 64KB memory
Prepare system for IVT initialization
Initialize vector table
Read 8042 for turbo switch setting
Initialize turbo data
Modification of IVT
Video in monochrome verified
Video in color mode verified
Toggle parity before video ROM test
Initialize before video ROM test
98
2Ch
2Dh
2Eh
2Fh
30h
31h
32h
33h
34h
35h
36h
37h
38h
39h
3Ah
40h
41h
42h
43h
44h
45h
46h
47h
48h
49h
4Ah
4Bh
4Ch
4Dh
4Eh
4Fh
50h
51h
52h
53h
54h
55h
56h
57h
58h
59h
60h
61h
62h
63h
64h
65h
66h
67h
80h
Passing control to video ROM
Control returned from video ROM
Check for EGA/VGA adapter
No EGA/VGA found, test video memory
Scan for video retrace signal
Primary retrace failed
Alternate found
Verify video switches
Establish display mode
Initialize ROM BIOS data area
Set cursor for power-on msg
Display power-on message
Save cursor position
Display BIOS identification string
Display “Hit <DEL> to...” message
Prepare protected mode test
Prepare descriptor tables
Enter virtual mode for memory test
Enable interrupts for diagnostics mode
Initialize data for memory wrap test
Test for wrap, find total memory size
Write extended memory test patterns
Write conventional memory test patterns
Find low memory size from patterns
Find high memory size from patterns
Verify ROM BIOS data area again
Check for <DEL> pressed
Clear extended memory for soft reset
Save memory size
Cold boot: Display 1
st
64KB memtest
Cold boot: Test all of low memory
Adjust memory size for EBDA usage
Cold boot: Test high memory
Prepare for shutdown to real mode
Return to real mode
Shutdown successful
Disable A20 line
Check ROM BIOS data area again
Check ROM BIOS data area again
Clear “Hit <DEL>” message
Test DMA page register file
Verify from display memory
Test DMA0 base register
Test DMA1 base register
Checking ROM BIOS data area again
Checking ROM BIOS data area again
Program DMA controllers
Initialize PICs
Start keyboard test
Issue KB reset command
99
81h
82h
83h
84h
85h
86h
87h
88h
89h
8Ah
8Bh
8Ch
8Dh
8Eh
8Fh
90h
91h
92h
93h
94h
95h
96h
97h
98h
99h
9Ah
9Bh
9Ch
9Dh
9Eh
9Fh
0A0h
0A1h
0A2h
0A3h
0A4h
0A5h
0A6h
0A7h
0A8h
0A9h
0B0h
00h
0B1h
0B2h
0B3h
0B4h
0B5h
0B6h
0B7h
Check for stuck keys
Initialize circular buffer
Check for locked keys
Check for memory size mismatch
Check for password of bypass setup
Pwd checked. Do programming before setup
Entering setup system
Setup system exited
Display power-onscreen message
Display “Wait...” message
Shadow system and video BIOS
Load standard setup values from CMOS
Test and initialize mouse
Test floppy disks
Configure floppy drives
Test hard drives
Configure IDE drives
Checking ROM BIOS data area
Checking ROM BIOS data area
Set base and extended memory sizes
Adjust low memory size for EBDA
Initialize before calling C800h ROM
Call ROM BIOS extension at C800h
ROM C800h extension returned
Configure timer/printer data
Configure serial port base addresses
Prepare to initialize coprocessor
Initialize numeric coprocessor
Numeric coprocessor initialized
Check KB settings
Issue keyboard ID command
KB ID flag reset
Test cache memory
Display soft errors
Set keyboard typomatic rate
Program memory wait states
Clear screen
Enable parity and NMIs
Initialize before calling ROM atE000h
Call ROM BIOS extension at E000h
ROM extension returned
Display system configuration box
Call INT 19h bootstrap loader
Test low memory exhaustively
Test extended memory exhaustively
Enumerate PCI busses
Initialize address manager
Preboot address manager callout
Test huge memory exhaustively
Initialize SMBIOS structure table
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