OCR J640, J645 User Manual

Mark Schemes for the Units

June 2007

Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations

Gateway Science Suite J640 - J645

GCSE

J640-5/MS/R/07

OCR (Oxford, Cambridge and RSA Examinations) is a unitary awarding body, established by the
University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate and the RSA Examinations Board in
January 1998. OCR provides a full range of GCSE, A level, GNVQ, Key Skills and other
qualifications for schools and colleges in the United Kingdom, including those previously
provided by MEG and OCEAC. It is also responsible for developing new syllabuses to meet
national requirements and the needs of students and teachers.

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements
of the examination. It shows the basis on which marks were awarded by Examiners. It does not
indicate the details of the discussions which took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking
commenced.

All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in
candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills
demonstrated.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the published question papers and the Report
on the Examination.

OCR will not enter into any discussion or correspondence in connection with this mark scheme.

© OCR 2007

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OCR Publications
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NOTTINGHAM
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CONTENTS

GCSE Science

MARK SCHEMES FOR THE UNITS

Unit Content Page

B621/01 Science B: Unit 1 Modules B1,

C1, P1 Foundation

B621/02 Science B: Unit 1 Modules B1,

C1, P1 Higher

B622/01 Science B: Unit 2 Modules B2,

C2, P2 Foundation

B622/02 Science B: Unit 2 Modules B2,

C2, P2 Higher

B623/01 Additional Science B: Unit 1

Modules B3, C3, P3 Foundation

B623/02 Additional Science B: Unit 1

Modules B3, C3, P3 Higher

B631/01 Biology B: Unit1 Modules B1,

B2, B3 Foundation

B631/02 Biology B: Unit1 Modules B1,

B2, B3 Higher

B641/01 Chemistry B: Unit 1 Modules C1,

C2, C3 Foundation

B641/02 Chemistry B: Unit 1 Modules C1,

C2, C3 Higher

B651/01 Physics B: Unit1 Modules P1,

P2, P3 Foundation

B651/02 Physics B: Unit1 Modules P1,

P2, P3 Higher

* Grade Thresholds 136

1

15

29

39

51

59

67

79

89

101

115

127

Mark Scheme B621/01

June 2007

Abbreviations, annotations and conventions used in the detailed Mark Scheme.

/ = alternative and acceptable answers for the same marking point

(1) = separates marking points
not = answers which are not worthy of credit
reject = answers which are not worthy of credit
ignore = statements which are irrelevant
allow = answers that can be accepted

( ) = words which are not essential to gain credit
__ = underlined words must be present in answer to score a mark
ecf = error carried forward
AW = alternative wording
ora = or reverse argument

1

B621/01 Final Mark Scheme June 2007

Question Expected Answers Marks Rationale

1 a

b i

ii

c any one from

Total 5

bread (1) 1 more than one response on the line scores zero

orange juice (1) 1 allow orange or juice

bread (1) 1 more than one response on the line scores zero

(high in) protein (1)
because they are growing/for repair (1)

(high in) iron (1)
to prevent anaemia/reference to
menstruation/reference to blood (1)

and

second mark for correct link between protein or iron
with its role

if no answer on the line accept ringed, underlined or ticked word or
indicated on diagram etc

more than one response on the line scores zero

if no answer on the line accept ringed, underlined or ticked word or
indicated on diagram etc

if no answer on the line accept ringed, underlined or ticked word or
indicated on diagram etc

2 one mark for either protein or iron or role

second mark is for correct role of iron or protein

ignore strong/healthy
NOT white blood cells

eg ‘protein and iron for growth’- 2 marks
‘protein for growth’ – 2 marks
‘iron for growth’ – 1mark

2

B621/01 Final Mark Scheme June 2007

Question Expected Answers Marks Rationale

2 a

b i

ii

iii

D long sighted/far sighted/colour blind/colour

deficiency/glaucoma/cataracts/ tunnel vision(1)

G cornea (1)

iris (1)

G lens (1)

C the idea of a different shape/the idea of

focusing light (1)

Total 5

1 allow astigmatism

NOT 'blindness', double vision
ignore conjunctivitis

2 more than one response on the line scores zero

1 more than one response on the line scores zero

1 allow converse answers

ignore incorrect eye part, refraction
NOT reflection

3

B621/01 Final Mark Scheme June 2007

Question Expected Answers Marks Rationale

3 a

b

c i

ii

d i

pregnancy/ovulation (1) 1 allow heavy periods, prevent egg release, babies, period pains,

fertilisation

ignore references to disease

do not have to remember to take it every day/pill
difficult to swallow/less likely to cause problems if
you are sick (1)

ovary/ ovaries (1)

breasts (development)/hips widen/
periods (start)/menstrual cycle/
pubic hair/hair under arms/body hair (1)

to test it/to see if it is safe/to see if it works (1) 1

1 allow ‘ a patch lasts for a week’

‘it lasts longer than a pill’
‘more convenient than taking a pill everyday’
‘you might forget to take the pill’
‘do not have to take lots of pills’
‘easier to use than swallowing a pill’
‘easier to put on a patch than swallow a pill’

NOT ‘it is much easier’

‘more convenient’

1 more than one response on the line scores zero

1 ignore makes hair grow (must be body hair)

ignore hips larger
ignore egg release/references to ovulation/specific references to

changes in the uterus

ignore moods and spots

ii

Total 6

idea of cruelty /
ethical objection (1)

may work differently in different species/animals
are not the same as humans(1)

1 allow it could harm/hurt/kill animals/inhumane

allow references to animal rights

eg animal can’t speak for itself
eg some people think animals have same rights as humans
eg animals have no control over what happens to them

eg it might not hurt the animal but could harm the human

4

B621/01 Final Mark Scheme June 2007

Question Expected Answers Marks Rationale

4 a

b

c

Total 4

distorts what is seen and heard (1) 1 more than one box ticked scores zero

idea that they may be harmful/the idea that the use
can be controlled or monitored (1)

some are more harmful/addictive than
others (1)

different laws apply to each group (1)

1 allow ‘because they are dangerous’

‘they may be addictive’
‘not everyone can get them’
‘you only get the amount you need’
‘to prevent overdose’
‘to prevent misuse’

ignore ‘you may mistreat the drugs’

2 references to classes of drugs must be correct for first mark eg class

A are more dangerous than class C
eg depends how dangerous they are
eg put into different classes according to their effect/side effects/long
& short term effects
eg heroin is more dangerous than cannabis

ignore Class A are stronger/worse than Class C
ignore incorrect references to class of drugs when related to

penalties eg class C drugs attract a higher prison sentence than
class A scores 1
eg class A drugs get prison sentence, but class C are legal scores 0
eg the more dangerous the drug (1) the heavier the penalty (1)

5

B621/01 Final Mark Scheme June 2007

Question Expected Answers Marks Rationale

5 a

b

c

Total 4

25 (1)

propanol (1)

largest (temperature) rise/change (1)

energy or heat given out (1) 1 allow temperature increase

1 correct response only

2

carry error forward

if response for a) is greater than 30, do not credit propanol
if response for a) is greater than 30, paraffin gets 1 mark

independent of first part

allow ‘ it starts at the lowest and ends at the highest temperature’
allow it rises more
allow because it went from 15 to 45 which is the highest

ignore ‘highest temperature at end’

‘it went up by 30
‘it starts at 15 and goes up to 45’

allow heat or energy produced/made/exits/released
ignore gives more energy

eg energy/heat is lost (1) (limit of acceptability)

NOT energy/heat is created

0

’

6

B621/01 Final Mark Scheme June 2007

Question Expected Answers Marks Rationale

6 a any two from

microwave/conventional oven/boiling/steaming/

grilling/barbecue /bbq(1)

b i

ii

Total 4

change in colour/change in texture (1) 1 allow 'it goes white'

new substance formed/difficult to reverse (1) 1 allow energy change takes place

2 allow scramble/poach/baking/coddling

ignore omelette

‘it goes solid’
‘runny to hard’
‘the yolk goes more orangey’

ignore ref to shape changes eg ‘ it spreads out in the pan’

allow colour change
allow higher level answers involving changes to molecules, eg
molecules in egg change shape (ignore references to particles)

ignore references to change of state

7

B621/01 Final Mark Scheme June 2007

Question Expected Answers Marks Rationale

7 a

b i

ii

c

(catalytic) cracking (1) 1 allow decomposition

petrol (1) 1 more than one response on the line scores zero

ethene (1) 1 allow spelling errors, eg ethane

used as a catalyst/speeds up reaction (1) 1 allow higher level answers such as lower activation energy

Total 4

if no answer on the line accept ringed, underlined or ticked word
etc

allow C

H H

2H4,

\ /
C = C
/ \
H H
mark what is on answer line first- only look at list if no answer on
line

allow answer circled/underlined in list

‘it speeds up the experiment’

NOT enzyme

‘speeds up heating’
‘it won’t take as long to start the reaction’

8

B621/01 Final Mark Scheme June 2007

Question Expected Answers Marks Rationale
8 a

b

c

NaHCO

Ca(OH)

H H

1 allow badly copied formula eg ‘NAHCO

3

1 allow badly copied formula eg Ca(OH)

2

l l
H ─ C ─ C ─ H
l l
H H

Total 3

NOT ‘calcium hydroxide’ in words

1 allow C

allow badly copied structure but it must have only 2 C’s and 6H’s

NOT HHHHHHCC

2H6

’ or NaHCo3’ etc

3

2

/Ca(OH)2

9

B621/01 Final Mark Scheme June 2007

Question Expected Answers Marks Rationale

9 a

b

2 3 correct scores 2

polythene

polystyrene

nylon

will not decay or decompose (by bacterial
action) (1)

clothing

packaging

plastic bags

1 or 2 correct scores 1

1 allow 'does not rot'/‘will not break down’

ignore

‘does not disintegrate/deteriorate/wear away’
‘burning’
‘recycling’

10

B621/01 Final Mark Scheme June 2007

Question Expected Answers Marks Rationale

c property

idea of poor conductor (of
electricity)/idea of good
(electrical) insulator (1)

flexible or bendy (1)

easy to mould (1)

easy to colour (1)

idea of waterproof/insoluble in
water (1)

non toxic (1)

Total 5

explanation

so that you do not
get a shock or
electrocution or idea
of protection (from
electrocution) (1)

so that it can bend
around corners/AW
(1)

so wires can be
identified (1)

to keep water away
from (copper)
wires/prevent
electrocution (1)

reason needs to be
linked to health and
safety eg idea of
safe handling (1)

2

any two properties can score or one property and correct
explanation for two marks

explanation mark is conditional on correct property
ignore tough/lightweight/non biodegradable/cheap/elastic/

durable/heat insulator/any reference to melting point/does not
corrode/easy to store

11

B621/01 Final Mark Scheme June 2007

Question Expected Answers Marks Rationale
10 a

b i

ii

c

d

Total 7

hot cold
9

9
9

9
(9)

jacket on water tank/oven gloves (1) 1 allow single word if it is clear what is meant

steel radiator (1) 1 ignore correct answers not from list

idea that ice is melting/ice is at melting point/ ice is
at its freezing point (1)

(the amount of heat or energy needed to)
raise/change the temperature by 1K/°C (1)
of 1 g/1 kg (1)

2 one correct 1 mark

all correct 2 marks

do not credit tick for burning match (bottom tick)

if two answers are given, both must be correct for mark

ignore wooden handle or other correct answers not from list

1 allow defrosting, thawing

eg they are defrosting

NOT they have defrosted or thawed
NOT ice has melted

ignore unfreezing
NOT peas melting/ peas at melting point/it is melting/ they are

melting etc

2

12

B621/01 Final Mark Scheme June 2007

Question Expected Answers Marks Rationale
11 a i

ii

b i any two from

ii

c

d any two from

Total 8

D (1) 1 correct letter only

B (1) 1 correct letter only

idea that light travels (very) quickly/quicker(1)

light can be seen a long way off (1)

idea that no need for a person to take the
message/fires/beacons/flashing lights could be
used (1)

morse (1) 1 allow digital

microwave (1) 1 more than one response on the line scores zero

idea that foil reflects radiation/heat/ir (1)
back into potato (1)
keeps potato hot/insulates (1)

2 read whole response and look for both marking points

allow ‘it is quick’
NOT ‘light travels a long way’

allow ‘no-one has to travel’

if no answer on the line accept ringed, underlined or ticked word
etc

2 ignore refs to Al as a conductor

allow ‘bounce’ for reflection mark

‘keeps heat in’

allow ‘foil traps air’- 1mark

‘foil traps air and air is a good insulator’ – 2 marks

13

B621/01 Final Mark Scheme June 2007

Question Expected Answers Marks Rationale
12 a i

ii

b

Total 5

idea that it causes damage/casualties (1) 1 allow earth shakes/ vibrates/cracks

seismometer (1) 1 more than one response on the line scores zero

feature p-waves s-waves

speed

travel through solids (only) (1)

type longitudinal(1) transverse(1)

tsunami, tidal waves, plates shake

ignore plates move, earth moves, volcanic activity

3 ignore references to primary and secondary

ignore descriptions of longitudinal and transverse waves

14

Mark Scheme B621/02

June 2007

Abbreviations, annotations and conventions used in the detailed Mark Scheme.

/ = alternative and acceptable answers for the same marking point

(1) = separates marking points
not = answers which are not worthy of credit
reject = answers which are not worthy of credit
ignore = statements which are irrelevant
allow = answers that can be accepted

( ) = words which are not essential to gain credit
__ = underlined words must be present in answer to score a mark
ecf = error carried forward
AW = alternative wording
ora = or reverse argument

15

B621/02 Final Mark Scheme June 2007

Question Expected Answers Marks Rationale

1 a i

b

c

d

Total 5

bend/refract/focus (the light entering the eye) (1)

change the size of the pupil/control the amount of light
entering the eye/ensure that the correct amount of light

ii

reaches the retina (1)

focused image lands on retina/focus on distant
objects/aw (1)

laser surgery (1) 1 allow cornea surgery/conductive chiroplasty

(colour blindness is) inherited or genetic/lack of
specialised cells in retina(1)

2 NOT reflects light/diffracts light

NOT control light going into the eye
ignore idea of protection

allow prevent damage to the retina (caused by too much

light)/protects retina

allow let in more light in dim conditions/ aw
allow to see in the dark (limit of acceptability)

1 allow the lens does not focus the light accurately

eg to focus the light into the correct position
eg to see things far away

allow (lens) is the wrong shape, eg lens is too thick
allow because the lens cannot accommodate
NOT lens is concave or too thin or too long
allow (lens) needs to be less powerful/thinner
ignore lens is not working properly

NOT references to glasses or contact lenses

1 allow abnormal cones/lack of cones

allow wrong amount of cones
ignore retina is damaged/abnormal retina
allow some receptor cells in the retina do not work

16

B621/02 Final Mark Scheme June 2007

Question Expected Answers Marks Rationale

2 a i

ii
b

c

Total 5

breast (development)/hips widen/
periods (start)/menstrual cycle/
pubic hair/hair under arms/body hair (1)

progesterone (1) 1 be lenient on spelling eg allow progesterogen / progestogen

mimic pregnancy/aw (1)
prevent ovulation/aw (1)

idea of cruelty /
ethical objection /

may work differently in different species/animals are
not the same as humans(1)

1 ignore makes hair grow (must be body hair)

ignore hips larger
ignore eggs released/references to ovulation/specific references

to changes in the uterus

ignore moods and spots

2

1 allow it could harm/hurt/kill animals/inhumane

eg body thinks it is pregnant
eg no egg produced

allow a reason and an explanation eg prevents ovulation or no

egg (1) to be fertilised (1)

ignore references to barriers to sperm

allow references to animal rights

eg animal can’t speak for itself
eg some people think animals have same rights as humans
eg animals have no control over what happens to them

eg it might not hurt the animal but could harm the human

17

B621/02 Final Mark Scheme June 2007

Question Expected Answers Marks Rationale

3 a

b

c

d

Total 5

a systolic pressure of 120 and a diastolic pressure of
80 (1)

there does not appear to be any relationship/aw(1) 1 allow it does not matter/nothing

the higher the weight the higher the blood
pressure/diastolic (1)

low blood pressure: dizziness/fainting/poor

circulation/ kidney failure (1)

high blood pressure: burst blood vessels/damage to

brain/kidney damage/heart disease/stroke(1)

1 tick in third box down

if more than one box is ticked = 0

allow circled, underlined or crossed answers

eg whatever the height the blood pressure is around 55
eg all different at different heights (limit of acceptability)

1 allow systolic

eg there is a positive correlation
eg they are directly proportional
eg when one goes up the other goes up
eg there is an exponential increase

2 eg not enough blood reaches organs

allow coma, unconscious, cold hands/feet
ignore tiredness and/or weakness

allow heart attacks or heart disorders
allow higher level answers eg aneurysm/heart or cerebral

infarction

18

B621/02 Final Mark Scheme June 2007

Question Expected Answers Marks Rationale

4 a

b

c

Total 5

LSD (1) 1 allow tick or circle on picture, if line blank

some are more harmful/addictive than
others (1)

different laws apply to each group (1)

any mention of synapses (1)

slow down/reduce/block the neurotransmitter/
acetylcholine/ACh
release (1)

less nerve impulses or signals travel to
brain (1)

block the receptor sites/detection of the
neurotransmitter acetylcholine/ACh (1)

2 references to classes of drugs must be correct for first mark eg

class A are more dangerous than class C
eg depends how dangerous they are
eg put into different classes according to their effect/side
effects/long & short term effects
eg heroin is more dangerous than cannabis

ignore Class A are stronger/worse than Class C
ignore incorrect references to class of drugs when related to

penalties, eg Class C drugs attract a higher prison sentence than
Class A scores 1
eg Class A drugs get prison sentence, but Class C are legal
scores 0
eg the more dangerous the drug (1) the heavier the penalty (1)

2

eg prevents signals from the body getting to the brain

eg they block the chemical acetylcholine (1) so less nerve
impulses travel to the brain (1)
eg reduce the amount of chemical transmitter released (1) at
synapses (1) making for slower reactions

ignore references to slower reactions or slowing down brain or

nervous system

ignore references to feeling depressed or ‘down’
allow any other named neurotransmitter

19

B621/02 Final Mark Scheme June 2007

Question Expected Answers Marks Rationale

5 a i

ii

b

Total 5

energy or heat given out (1) 1 allow temperature increase

8400J scores (2)

BUT

energy = mass (of water) x SHC x temp change/
100 x 4.2 x 20 (1)

endothermic/energy taken in or absorbed (1)
given out/released (1)

allow heat or energy produced/made/exits/released
ignore gives more energy

eg energy/heat is lost (1) (limit of acceptability)

NOT energy/heat is created

2 126 scores (1) MAX

2

allow heat or energy produced/made/exits/released
NOT energy is created
allow energy is ‘lost’(1) (limit of acceptability)

20

B621/02 Final Mark Scheme June 2007

Question Expected Answers Marks Rationale

6 a

b any two from

c any two from

Total 5

new substance formed/difficult to reverse (1) 1 allow energy change takes place

(high temperature) kills microbes/bacteria/micro­organisms/viruses/fungi/mould (1)

improve the texture (1)

improve the taste/flavour (1)

easier to digest (1)

shape of protein molecule changes (1)

process is irreversible/aw (1)

(process is called) denaturing/protein is denatured (1)

allow colour change
allow higher level answers involving changes to molecules, eg
molecules in egg change shape (ignore references to particles)

ignore references to change of state

2 allow get rid of bacteria

allow prevents food poisoning or named example eg salmonella
ignore germs
ignore protects from bacteria

ignore make it edible

ignore easier to eat
allow some foods are poisonous if not cooked, eg red kidney

beans

2 allow protein molecule breaks down

allow protein molecule unfurls
ignore protein molecule expands

eg molecule changes shape (1) and stays like that (1)

21

B621/02 Final Mark Scheme June 2007

Question Expected Answers Marks Rationale

7 a i

gas oil

(1) 1

ii any two from

converts fraction where supply exceeds demand (into
petrol) /aw (1)

identify fraction where supply exceeds demand i.e.
naphtha or paraffin or fuel oil (1)

by cracking/large molecules broken into smaller
molecules (1)

alkenes are also produced (1)

b

ethene (1) 1 allow spelling errors, eg ethane

Total 4

2 ignore references to mixing other fractions with petrol

allow C

H H

2H4

\ /
C = C
/ \
H H
mark what is on answer line first- only look at list if no answer on
line

allow answer circled/underlined in list

22

B621/02 Final Mark Scheme June 2007

Question Expected Answers Marks Rationale

8 a

Ca(OH)

1 allow badly copied formula eg Ca(OH)

2

2

/Ca(OH)2

NOT ‘calcium hydroxide’ in words

b

H H
\ /
C = C
/ \
H H

1 allow C

be careful not to confuse with chloroethene:
H H
\ /
C = C

2H4

/ \

H Cl

Total 2

23

B621/02 Final Mark Scheme June 2007

Question Expected Answers Marks Rationale

9 a

property

idea of poor conductor
(of electricity)/idea of
good (electrical)
insulator (1)

flexible or bendy (1)

easy to mould (1)

easy to colour (1)

idea of
waterproof/insoluble in
water (1)

non toxic (1)

explanation

so that you do not get a
shock or electrocution
or idea of protection
(from electrocution) (1)

so that it can bend
around corners/AW (1)

so wires can be
identified (1)

to keep water away from
(copper) wires/prevent
electrocution (1)

reason needs to be
linked to health and
safety eg idea of safe
handling (1)

2

any two properties can score or one property and correct
explanation for two marks

explanation mark is conditional on correct property
ignore tough/lightweight/non biodegradable/ cheap/elastic/

durable/heat insulator/any reference to melting point/does not
corrode/easy to store

24

B621/02 Final Mark Scheme June 2007

b landfill sites

any one from

unsightly/eyesore/smelly/causes litter/attracts
vermin (1)

plastics are non-biodegradable/do not rot/do not
decompose/do not decay/not attacked by
bacteria/do not break down (1)

wastes (valuable) land/fills up quickly/destroys
habitats (1)

wastes a valuable resource (1)

burning waste plastics
any one from

makes toxic/poisonous gases or fumes(1)

wastes a valuable resource (1)

makes carbon dioxide (1)

makes carbon monoxide (1)

makes greenhouse gases (1)

leads to global warming (1)

Total 4

2 allow idea of makes a mess (limit of acceptability)

allow takes a long time to rot/does not break down easily
ignore do not disintegrate/do not deteriorate

ignore pollution
ignore references to harming animals

NOT dangerous/harmful gases or fumes
allow makes carbon emissions
ignore references to sulphur dioxide

ignore pollution unless qualified, eg pollution by toxic gases

25

B621/02 Final Mark Scheme June 2007

Question Expected Answers Marks Rationale
10 a

b

c
Total 5

idea of ice melting (1)

idea that energy is needed to change ice to water/AW
(1)

(the amount of heat or energy needed to)
raise/change the temperature by 1K/°C (1)
of 1 g/1 kg (1)

A (1) 1

2 allow defrosting/thawing/solid melting/solid changes to

liquid/change of state

allow higher level answers

eg energy is used to break (intermolecular) forces or bonds
eg ice is absorbing latent heat

allow bonds break between ice particles (limit of acceptability)
beware of contradictions eg breaking intramolecular bonds or

forces

2

26