Functional Description
The simplifed LM3914 block diagram is to give the general
idea of the circuit’s operation. A high input impedance buffer
operates with signals from ground to 12V, and is protected
against reverse and overvoltage signals. The signal is then
applied to a series of 10 comparators; each of which is biased to a different comparison level by the resistor string.
In the example illustrated, the resistor string is connected to
the internal 1.25V reference voltage. In this case, for each
125 mV that the input signal increases, a comparator will
switch on another indicating LED. This resistor divider can
be connected between any 2 voltages, providing that they
are 1.5V below V
+
and no less than V−. If an expanded scale
meter display is desired, the total divider voltage can be as
little as 200 mV. Expanded-scale meter displays are more
accurate andthe segments light uniformlyonly if barmode is
used. At 50 mV or more per step, dot mode is usable.
INTERNAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE
The reference is designed to be adjustable and develops a
nominal 1.25V between the REF OUT (pin 7) and REF ADJ
(pin 8) terminals. The reference voltage is impressed across
program resistor R1 and, since the voltage is constant, a
constant current I
1
then flows through the output set resistor
R2 giving an output voltage of:
Since the 120 µAcurrent (max) from the adjust terminal represents an error term, the reference was designed to minimize changes of this current with V
+
and load changes.
CURRENT PROGRAMMING
A feature not completely illustrated by the block diagram is
the LED brightness control.The current drawn out of the reference voltage pin (pin 7) determines LED current. Approximately 10 times this current will be drawn through each
lighted LED, and this current will be relatively constant despite supply voltage and temperature changes. Current
drawn bythe internal 10-resistor divider,as well asby the external current and voltage-setting divider should be included
in calculating LED drive current. The ability to modulate LED
brightness with time, or in proportion to input voltage and
other signals can lead to a number of novel displaysor ways
of indicating input overvoltages, alarms, etc.
MODE PIN USE
Pin 9, the Mode Select input controls chaining of multiple
LM3914s, and controls bar or dot mode operation. The following tabulation shows the basic ways of using this input.
Other more complex uses will be illustrated in the applications.
Bar Graph Display: Wire Mode Select (pin 9)
directly
to pin
3(V
+
pin).
Dot Display, Single LM3914Driver: Leave theMode Select
pin open circuit.
Dot Display, 20 or More LEDs: Connect pin 9 of the
first
driver in theseries (i.e., the one with the lowest input voltage
comparison points)to pin 1 ofthe next higherLM3914 driver.
Continue connecting pin 9 of lower input drivers to pin 1 of
higher input drivers for 30, 40, or more LED displays. The
last LM3914driver in the chain willhave pin 9wired to pin11.
All previousdrivers should havea 20k resistor in parallel with
LED No. 9 (pin 11 to V
LED
).
Mode Pin Functional Description
This pin actually performs two functions. Refer to the simplified block diagram below.
DOT OR BAR MODE SELECTION
The voltage at pin 9 is sensed by comparator C1, nominally
referenced to (V
+
− 100 mV). The chip is in bar mode when
pin 9is above this level;otherwise it’s in dotmode. The comparator is designed so that pin 9 can be left open circuit for
dot mode.
Taking into account comparator gain and variation in the
100 mVreference level, pin 9should be no more than 20 mV
below V
+
for bar mode and more than 200 mV below V+(or
open circuit) for dot mode. In most applications, pin 9 is either open (dot mode) or tied to V
+
(bar mode). In bar mode,
pin 9 should be connected directly to pin 3. Large currents
drawn from the power supply (LED current, for example)
should notshare this path so thatlarge IR dropsare avoided.
DOT MODE CARRY
In order for the display to make sense when multiple
LM3914s are cascaded in dot mode, special circuitry has
been included toshut off LED No. 10 of the first device when
DS007970-4
Block Diagram of Mode Pin Description
DS007970-5
*
High for bar
LM3914
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