NPZ TAL-1, TAL-1M, TAL-2, TAL-150P8, TAL-150P Instruction Manual

1

TELESCOPES

TAL-1, TAL-1M, TAL-2,

TAL-150P, TAL-150P8

Instruction manual

2

NPZ Optics State Corp.
(Novosibirsk Instrument-making plant)

D. Kovalchuk 179/2 Novosibirsk,
630049 RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Fax [phone]
[e-mail];
www.npzoptics.com

3

Page

General instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Technical specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Inventory list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Construction of the telescope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Preparing telescope for observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Assembling the telescope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Balancing the telescope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Aligning the nder scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Power supply and hand controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Polar alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Calibrating the setting circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Visual observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Astrophotography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Collimation (alignment) of the optics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Acceptance certicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Appendix A: Precise Polar alignment for the MT-1 and

MT-1C mounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Appendix B: Double stars list for telescope

image quality test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Appendix C: Brightnest stars visible

in the Northern Hemisphere. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Due to continuous product improvements, specications are subject

to change without notice.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

4

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

Warning!

Never observe the Sun directy through your telescope or its nder

scope - permanent eye damage could result.

The telescope is designed for visual observations of celestial
objects and for astronomical photography. It requires careful
treatment and some knowledge of astronomy. Only in this case
the use of telescope will bring satisfaction to its owner.
The telescope may be used at an ambient temperature ranging
from 30° to -30°C.

When buying the telescope inspect the package to make sure

that the original packaging is in good condition, and seals are
not broken or missing. Having opened the package, check the
presence of all components described in inventory list.
Read instruction manual rst before using the telescope.

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5

Specication

TAL-1

Aperture, mm

Focal length, mm

Mirror Surface

Focal ratio

Diagonal mirror
diameter, mm

Telescope

magnication, x

Resolving power

Limiting visual
magnitude

Finderscope

magnication, x

Finderscope
aperture, mm

Focuser

Equatorial mount

150

1200

parabolic

1:8

30

48; 96;

160;320

1"

12.5

m

8

50

1.25"; 2"

MT-3S

150

750

parabolic

1:5

40

30; 60;

100;200

1"

12.5

m

8

50

1.25"; 2"

MT-3S

110

800

spherical

1:7.3

26

32; 64;
80;160

1.3"

11.5

m

6

30

1.25"

MT-1

110

800

spherical

1:7.3

26

32; 64;
80;160

1.3"

11.5

m

6

30

1.25"

MT-1C

150

1200

spherical

1:8

40

48; 96;

160;320

1"

12.5

m

8

50

1.25"; 2"

MT-3S

TAL-1M TAL-2

TAL-150P TAL-150P8

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

6

Specication

TAL-1

Right ascension
turning angle

Declination turning
angle

Latitude adjustment
range

Input
voltage V AC

Frequency, Hz

Power, Watts

Output voltage, V

Dimensions, mm:

OTA* length
Telescope height

OTA weight, kg

Telescope
weight, kg

360°

(24 h)

±90°

0...70°

220

(110)

50 (60)

10

12 DC

1200
1700

8.5

35

360°

(24 h)

±90°

0...70°

220

(110)

50 (60)

10

12 DC

770

1620

6.5

30

360°

(24 h)

±90°

0...70°

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-

-

-

850

1780

4.5

20

360°

(24 h)

±90°

0...70°

220

(110)

50 (60)

10

12 AC

850

1780

4.5

22

360°

(24 h)

±90°

0...70°

220

(110)

50 (60)

10

12 DC

1200
1700

8.5

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TAL-1М TAL-2

TAL-150P TAL-150P8

*Optical Tube Assembly

7

INVENTORY LIST

Component

TAL-1

Telescope
Finderscope:

6xx30
9xx50
Polar axis nderscope

6xx23
Equatorial mount:

MT-1 with counter

­weight 2.2 kg
MT-1C with counter

­weight 2.2 kg
MT-3S (MT-3S-2D)
with counter-weight

2.2 kg (2 units)
MT-3S (MT-3S-2D)
with counter-weight

3.7 kg (2 units)

Pier with legs:
C75 (800 mm)

C110 (770 mm)

Power supply:
direct current (DC)

alternating current (AC)

Hand controller:

for direct current
for alternating current

Power cord (10 m)
Spare parts and ac­cessories:

Plössl eyepsiece f’=7.5mm
Plössl eyepiece f’=10mm
Plössl eyepiece f’=25mm

2x Barlow lens
Reticle

Camera holder
Plug for photographing
T-adapter M42x0.75
Sun projection screen

Instruction manual

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TAL-1М TAL-2

TAL-150P TAL-150P8

*Optional

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Component

TAL-1

Optional accessories:

Tripod

Plössl eyepieces (1.25’’):

f’=6.3mm
f’=12.5mm
f’=17mm
f’=20mm
f’=32mm
f’=40mm
Super wide angle eye­pieces (1.25’’):
f’=10mm (60°)
f’=15mm (65°)
f’=20mm (65°)
Ultra wide angle eye­pieces (80°):
f’=15mm (1.25’’)
f’=20mm (2’’)
f’=24mm (2’’)
f’=25mm (2’’)

3x Barlow lens

Guide eyepieces

12.5mm (1.25’’)
Off-axis guider (2’’)
Color lters M28.5x0.6:

black
neutral
yellow
blue

red

green

Color lters M48x0.75:

black
neutral
yellow
blue

red

green

Power cord extension
cable with car adapter

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TAL-1М TAL-2

TAL-150P TAL-150P8

9

CONSTRUCTION OF THE TELESCOPE



The telescope consists of three
main parts:

- Optical tube assembly (OTA)
(1),

- German equatorial mount (2),

- A pier or tripod (3).

The optical tube is a basic

component of the telescope. It
includes all main optical units such
as a primary mirror, a diagonal
mirror and a focuser.

A Newtonian Reflectors Teles­cope: parallel beams of rays
enter the tube of the telescope
and is projected at the focal plane
of the eyepiece (3) with the help
of primary (1) and diagonal (2)

mirrors.

A standard set includes two
eyepieces and a Barlow lens,

which allow observing celestial

objects with various rate of
magnication.
Th e OTA s u p p l i e d wi t h a
nderscope, makes searching
for celestial objects easier.
The primary mirror is fastened in
a cell and installed in a tube.
The diagonal mirror i s flat.
It is glued to the holder and
xed inside of the OTA with the
help of four vane spiders. Both
mirrors are made of a high quality
optical glass with high reection

aluminum coatings with protecti­ve level.

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10

The eyepiece unit includes a
focuser with an eyepiece tube.

Focuser consists of rack and
pinion. The pinion axis has fo-

cus knobs, which help move the

eyepiece tube in order to focus

telescope.

To provide the smoothness of
TAL-1 telescope focuser, hold the
left focus knob (1) with one hand
and turn the right focus knob (2)
clockwise (with a little effort) with
other hand.

Fix the position of the focuser, if

necessary, using the same pro-

cedure.

For telescopes TAL-2, TAL-150P,

TAL-150P8 the smoothness of the
focuser can be adjusted with the
help of four screws (1).

The equatorial mount is designed
for pointing the telescope at the
celestial objects and tracking their

movement.

The equatorial mount consists

of two axes square with each
other: the polar axis and the
axis of declination. There is a

mounting plate with OTA rings on

the top point of the declination axis,
and a counter-weight shaft with
counterweights on the other side.

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11

It is possible to place all types of
the mounts on a pier or tripod.
Different models of telescopes are
provided with different mounts.

The mount MT-1 has manual slow-

motion controls on both axes and is
used with TAL-1 telescope.

For the rst sight-in on the object,

loosen the telescope,s Dec. and

R.A. locks (1) and move the
telescope to center an object in
the eld of view.
The ne alignment is done by

manual slow-motion controls (2)

within ±4° on each axis.
The polar axis is xed in a tripod
(pier) mounting head with a
latitude dial.

MT-1C mount is equipped with a
clock R.A. drive along with manual

slow-motion controls on both axes.

The clock drive enables tracking of
celestial objects.

For the rst sight-in on the object,

loosen the telescope,s Dec. lock

(1) and turn Dec. axis to move the
telescope in order to center an
object in the eld of view.
The ne alignment is done by

manual Dec. slow-motion control

(2) within ±4° on Dec. axis, and

R.A. slow-motion control (3)

embedded into the clock drive.
The design of the mount allows

manual corrections wi t h out
stopping the clock drive, and

also to use hand controller as an
additional accessory tool.

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12

M T- 3 S m ou n t i s us e d w i t h

telescopes with primary mirror

diameter of 150mm and above.
The mount head has a clock drive
embedded, which enables tracking
of celestial objects with user dened
speed.
The speed is set by a hand controller
and has three tracking rates: solar,
lunar and stellar, as well as two
additional correction speeds ­acceleration and deceleration at
50%. Hand controller has a night

light lamp.

For the rst sight-in on the object,

loosen the telescope,s Dec. and

R.A. locks (1) and move the
telescope to center an object in
the eld of view.
The fine alignment is done by

manual Dec. slow-motion control

(2) on Dec. axis, and R.A. slow­motion control (3) embedded into
the clock drive.
The polar axis has embedded polar
axis nderscope (optional) (4) and
is xed in a tripod (pier) mounting
head with a latitude dial.

The pier serves for holding an

equatorial mount with an OTA.

It consists of the tube and three

attachable legs.

The tripod can be better used
on a rugged terrain. For comfort
observing it is equipped with an
accessory shelf (1).

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13

PREPARING TELESCOPE FOR
OBSERVATIONS

ASSEMBLING THE TELESCOPE

Take a pier (1) and legs (2) out of

the package. Attach tightly three

legs to the bottom point of the pier

using the captive screws. The pier
must not swing on the legs.

Place the pier on a firm plain
surface.

Take the equatorial mount and
place it on the top of the pier.

When using MT-3S orient equatorial

head so that the pin (1) on the pier
lines up with the azimuth adjustment

knobs (2).

Turn the handle (3) clockwise to x

the mount on the pier tightly. Make

sure there is no wobbling of the

mount on the pier.

Thread the counterweight shaft (2)
into the base of the Declination axis
(6) of the equatorial mount and x

it with the lock-nut (5). Unscrew

the safety washer/knob (1) and
slide the counterweight (3) to the
midpoint on the counterweight shaft
and secure it in place with the lock
knob (4). Screw back in the safety

washer/knob (1), which will not

let the weight slide entirely off the
counterweight shaft if slipped. Fix

the tube rings (7) on the mounting

plate and lay the OTA in the rings.

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14

Place the finderscope bracket
(1) in the wedge slides for TAL­2, TAL-150P, and TAL-150P8
telescopes. Tal-1 and TAL-1M
telescopes have finderscope
bracket mounted directly on the
OTA. Fix the nderscope with six

thumbscrews (2).

Place the polar axis in the

horizontal position (0° on the
latitude dial).
Enable unrestricted motion of the
polar axis with R.A. lock released.
Slide the counterweights along
the counterweight shaft until they

counterbalance the OTA.
For MT-1C mount polar axis

balancing release each of the

three screws (2) through the
cover (1).

After telescope balanced x the

screws (2) so that the polar axis

could not rotate.
Now with Dec. lock released,

loosen the tube ring lock clamps

and slide the OTA forward or back
in the tube rings until balanced.

Fix the tube ring lock clamps.
Fix the Dec. axis.
Repeat balancing each time when

placing additional accessories on

the telescopic tube, such as photo

and video cameras, eyepieces,
guides and other devices, which
enlarge the weight of the OTA.

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BALANCING THE TELESCOPE

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To provide a smooth motion of the telescope and reliable operation of
equatorial mount drives, the balancing of the telescopes is required.

15

Keep in mind that if the telescope
is not balanced properly, the
clock drive periodic error will

increase.

However, for the proper use of the
nder scope, it must be aligned with

the main telescope, so that both the

nder scope and the telescope point

at the same position in the sky.

Place the crosshair (2) into the

eyepiece f’=25mm (1) and then
insert the eyepiece in the focuser

tube (3).

Point the telescope at the distant
object (at least 400meters/yards
away), and then center it in the
telescopic field of view using

the reticle. Fix telescope in this

position with the R.A. and Dec.

locks.

Now, looking through the nder
scope and using the six alignment
thumbscrews, center the object on
the intersection of the crosshairs
of the nder scope.
In future, check the co-alignment
of the telescope and the nder

scope prior to observations.

ALIGNING THE FINDER SCOPE

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High magnication of the main telescope makes it difcult to nd a
required celestial object in the sky because of the small eld of view.
This is why the telescope is equipped with a low-power nder scope
with a wide eld of view. The nder scope makes it easier to locate
the object you want and then to observe it in the eld of view of the

telescope.

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16

Place the switch of the power

supply in the “0” position.
Connect the power supply 12V
output with the mount socket

using the power cord.

Plug in the power supply into the
220/110 V AC power outlet.

Place the switch of the power

supply in the “l” position. The LED

light on the power supply should

turn on.

For MT-1C

mount place the left

switch in “*” position.

Turn on the mount clock drive
by placing the second switch in

“l” position. The LED light on the

power supply should turn on.
Connect hand controller to the
mount and place the left switch in

" " position (see picture).

Press one of the speed buttons
(1) to start the clock drive. The
LED light on the hand controller
should turn on (2). Push the same

button again to stop the clock

drive.
Press one of the two speed

correction buttons (3) while clock

drive is working, if necessary. The
LED light on the hand controller
should blink (2) while button is
pressed down.

POWER SUPPLY AND HAND CONTROLLER

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Warning!
Always connect power supply to the mount using the power cord
with power supply disconnected from the power outlet. Use only
original manufacturer,s power supply fuse or analogue (consult
your dealer). Always disconnect all the power, if replacing the
power supply fuse.

17

For MT-3S mount connect the

hand controller to the socket (1).
Then follow the same procedure
as for MT-1C mounts.

If the telescope is used in the
Southern hemisphere, the directi­on of the clock drive rotation must
be changed.
For MT-3S mount open the hand
controller cover and place the
inside switch with "N/S" (North/
South) markings in the required

position.

Polar alignment of the telescope
allows more comfortable obser­vations, because you can follow
objects by moving the telescope

about one axis, the polar axis (or
Right Ascension (R.A.) axis), which
is in parallel with the Earth,s axis.

See Appendix A for details.

Release the latitude lock (1).
Using latitude adjustment knob
(2), move R.A. axis up or down
in order to set the latitude of your
location (see latitude dial).

Re-tighten the latitude lock (1).

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POLAR ALIGNMENT

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Due to the Earth,s rotation, celestial objects move in the telescope

eld of view (the higher telescope magnication - the faster those

mo-vements appear).

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18

For visual observations point the R.A.

(polar) axis of the telescope towards.

Polaris (α UMi). See the picture.

With this level of pointing accurary,
very little use of the Dec. slow­motion control is necessary for
celestial objects tracking. Less
correction is required, when polar
alignment is done more precisely.

More precise polar alignment is

required for astrophotography.

MT-3S mount equipped with a polar
axis nder scope (1), for precise polar

alignment, with a reticle illumination.

The reticle also has major stars
of the Ursa Minor constellation,
including Polaris, depicted for the
Northern hemisphere, and stars
of the Octans constellation for the

Southern hemisphere.

Match stars depicted on the reticle
with the celestial objects in the sky,
using azimuth (2) and latitude (3)
adjustment knobs and rotating the
polar axis nder scope around its

axis.

For MT-1 and MT-1C mounts use
precise polar alignment procedure
described in Appendix B.

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Polaris

Polar axis

Ursa Major

Axis of dec

-

linations

19

Level the Dec. axis (put it in the

horizontal position) and by rotating

R.A. setting circle put it in a "0"
(zero) position (see picture).

For the Dec. setting circle

cali b ratio n find bri g ht star
from the star atlas, and bring
selected object to the center
of the telescopic eld of view.

Rotating Dec. setting circle,

set the Declination of the star
observed. Correct Dec. setting

circle calibration by selecting
next star.

CALIBRATING THE SETTING CIRCLES

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R.A. and Dec. axes have setting circles, which enable observer to
locate an object in the sky by its celestial coordinates - right ascension
(R.A.) and Declination (Dec.). Calibration of setting circles is done
after polar alignment of the telescope.

20

OBSERVATIONS

To achieve maximum stability

of the visible image and best
performance of the telescope,
all parts of the telescope need

to reach thermal equilibrium with
the ambient air. For better air

circulation inside of the OTA the

primary mirror cell has special
holes. TAL-1 telescope has an

end cap, which needs to be
removed prior to observations

(see picture).
Please note that some nights

could have bad observation
conditions because of the atmo-

spheric turbulence. Even observ-

ing ne Moon surface details can
be difcult.
Avoid observations through a
window, because of the window
glass aberrations, and tempera­ture differences between inside
and outside air, which will cause
images to look blurred and dis­torted.
Put a soft cover on the telescope
and its power supply after obser­vations, or to protect it from rain/

snow.

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When using higher magnication not only the visible image size ap­pears larger in the telescope, but also blurring and distortion of the im­age, star twinkle, caused by atmosphere become more signicant.

21

Point the telescope at any chosen
object, and do some coarse adjust­ments to put it in the nder scope

eld of view. Then center the object
using slow motion controls – rst
in the nderscope and then in the
main telescope eld of view, when

observing through the eyepiece.

Use focus knobs to focus, when
changing eyepieces. Provided eye­pieces give several magnication
options for an observer.

VISUAL OBSERVATIONS

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TAL-1; TAL-1M

Plössl f'=25 mm Plössl f'=10 mm

32

x

80

x

TAL-150P

Plössl f'=25 mm Plössl f'=7.5 mm

30

x

100

x

TAL-2; TAL-150P8

Plössl f'=25 mm Plössl f'=7.5 mm

48

x

160

x

22

For higher magnication, use Bar­low lens with one of the eyepieces

(see picture). 2x Barlow lens doubles

magnication of the telescope.

Sun projection screen can be used
for solar observations. Place the
screen on the counterweight shaft
and x it with a screw so that the
widest part of the screen is opposite
to the top point of the tube of the

telescope.

Loosen the tube rings and rotate the

OTA so that the eyepiece is perpen-

dicular to the screen. Fix the OTA in

this position.
Attach a thick white paper sheet to
the screen using clamps.

Use the f’=25mm eyepiece to get

an optimal (approximately 100 mm)

Sun image. In order to change
size/brightness of the image, move

the screen along the counterweight
shaft. Use focus knobs for sharp­ness regulation.











TAL-1; TAL-1М

Plössl f'=25 mm,
2x Barlow

Plössl f'=10 mm,

2x Barlow

64

x

160

x

TAL-150P

Plössl f'=25 mm,
2x Barlow

Plössl f'=7.5 mm,

2x Barlow

60

x

200

x

TAL-2; TAL-150P8

Plössl f'=25 mm,
2x Barlow

Plössl f'=7.5 mm,

2x Barlow

96

x

320

x

23



For astrophotography with TAL-1

and TAL-1M telescopes mount a
camera (1) on the camera holder
(2), which is attached to the coun­terweight shaft. Fix the camera to
the holder using the lock knob (3).

As a long exposure is required for

the astrophotography, it is neces-

sary for a camera during this time
precisely to follow the sky in its
diurnal rotation.

Place the crosshairs into the eye-

piece f’=25mm, attach the Barlow
lens and then insert them in the
focuser tube.

Point the telescope at any bright

star near the center of the camera
eld of view. The star should stay in
the reticle during the exposure time.
For more comfortable guiding bring
the star a bit out of focus.

Use slow motion controls to avoid
shifting of the star from the reticle.
To minimize such adjustments
and for better photography quality

more precise polar alignment is

required.

ASTROPHOTOGRAPHY









24

For astrophotography with TAL-2,

TAL-150P and TAL-150P8 tele­scopes use the same procedure as
described above. However prime
focus photography is also available
when using M42x1 objective thread

cameras (M42x0.75 thread camera
adapter is also supplied with the

telescope).

For the prime focus setup unscrew
the objective lens from the camera
and remove the 2" and 1.25" adapt­ers from the focuser drawtube.
Screw the camera adapter into
the focuser drawtube. Attach the
T-ring (T-adapter) to the camera and
thread it onto the camera adapter.

Mount the camera (2).

Precise guiding can be done with an
off-axis guider or a guide-telescope
(sold separately).









25

In order to keep telescope in good operating condition one should
provide good care and maintenance for the instrument. Please note
that lens or mirror surfaces should be cleaned as infrequently as

possible, only when absolutely necessary.

Optics self-cleaning only permitted after expiration of manufac­turer limited warranty!

Keep telescope clean and protect it from any physical damage.
Use a dry cloth to remove dust from all metallic surfaces.
The primary and the secondary mirrors of the telescope are front­surface aluminized. Improper cleaning can scratch mirror coatings,
so one should use blower bulb or special brush to remove dust
from their surfaces.
Spots of grease and smudges may be washed away.
To clean the primary mirror, carefully remove the mirror cell from
the telescope by loosening screws, which hold it inside the OTA.
Do not remove mirror from the mirror cell. Carefully wet the mirror
surface with a lot of pure spirit (alcohol) using the cotton cloth. Us­ing the same cloth without pressure clean the mirror surface and
then rinse the mirror under a stream of water. Wait till the water

trickles away.

Swab remaining water drops from the surface with a dry cloth edge.
To clean the secondary mirror use the same procedure.
Use only quality optical lens cleaning tissue and optical lens clean­ing uid specically designed for multi-coated optics to clean your
eyepieces and nderscope.
Keep the dust cover on the front of the telescope and the end cap
on the focuser tube when not in use.

MAINTENANCE

















26

COLLIMATION (ALIGNMENT) OF THE
OPTICS

To inspect the view of the mirror
collimation, look down the fo­cuser drawtube with the eyepiece
and the Barlow lens removed. If
optics are properly aligned you
should see the secondary mirror
centered in the drawtube, as well
as reection of the primary mirror
centered in the secondary mirror,
and the reection of the second­ary mirror (and your eye) centered
in the reection of the primary

mirror (see picture).

During the collimation process

the primary and/or secondary
mirror will need alignment. If the
reection of the primary mirror
is not centered in the secondary
mirror, aligning of the secondary
mirror is required. Loosen the
central screw of the secondary
mirror holder (1) and use the three

alignment screws (2) to center the

reection of the primary mirror in
the secondary mirror.





Collimation (alignment) of the optics is permitted only in case of

absolute necessity, and after expiration of manufacturer limited

warranty.

In case of accidental mirrors misalignment or after cleaning optical

parts, telescope collimation might be necessary.

27

If the primary mirror is misaligned,
the reection of the secondary mir­ror with spider vanes will be out of

center.

For TAL-1 and TAL-1M collimation,

loosen the three small screws that
lock the primary mirror (1). Then

adjust the tilt of the primary mirror
using larger adjustment thumb­screws (2), so that the reection of
the secondary mirror is centered.
Fix the mirror position after collima­tion is done.

Use analogous proce d ure to
collimate TAL-2, TAL-150P and

TAL-150P8 telescopes.







28

STORAGE



The telescope must be kept in a clean, dry (humidity must not ex­ceed 80%), dust-free place with an ambient temperature between
+5° and +40°C.

Avoid collision and shaking of the telescope.

It is prohibited to store acids, alkalis, and any chemically active
substances, which may produce evolved gas or vapor harmful for

the optics, at the same place with the telescope.





ACCEPTANCE CERTIFICATE

Telescope ____________ , serial # ___________

Equatorial mount, serial # _____________

Passed the product approval and found serviceable.

Manufacturing date __________________

Signatures _____________________

29

Appendix A

Precise polar alignment

for the MT-1 and MT-1C mounts

For precise polar alignment for MT-1 and MT-1C mounts observe

two bright stars in the west and in the east by turns, using the eyepiece
f’=25mm with reticle.

If during the observation of the star in the east it slowly shifts, so
that you have to lower the top end of the telescope to follow it, then
the northern (upper) side of the R.A. (polar) axis of the mount should
be slightly lifted up.

If you have to lift up the top end of the telescope to follow the star
in the east during the observation, then the northern (upper) side of
the R.A. (polar) axis of the mount should be slightly lowered down.

For the precise azimuth adjustment follow the same procedure to
observe a bright star on a celestial meridian in the south. If during the
observation the star slowly shifts, so that you have to lower the top
end of the telescope to follow it, then the northern (upper) side of the
R.A. (polar) axis of the mount should be slightly moved west.

If you have to lift up the top end of the telescope to follow the star
in the south during the observation, then the northern (upper) side of
the R.A. (polar) axis of the mount should be slightly moved east.

After 20-30 minutes of such observations and adjustments, it is
possible to achieve a precise polar alignment, when any observed
star would stay on the intersection of the crosshairs (reticle) of the
eyepiece for 10-15 minutes without additional correction needed on

the Dec. axis.

30

Appendix B

Double stars list for telescope image quality test

Star

Constellation

R. A.

2000.0
Visible

distance

α Psc

γ Cet

ζ Ori

α Gem

ε Hya

38 Lyn

ε Boo

µ Dra

70 Oph

δ Cyg

2h02

m

2h43

m

5h40

m

7h34

m

8h46

m

9h18

m

14h44

m

17h05

m

18h05

m

19h44

m

+02°45'

+03°14'

-01

°56'

+31

°53'

+06°25'

+36°48'

+27°04'

+54°30'

+02°30'

+45°07'

Pisces

Cetus

Оrion

Gemini

Hydra

Lynx

Bootes

Draco

Ophinchus

Cygnus

1.9"

2.8"

2.5"

1.8"

2.9"

2.8"

3.0"

2.2"

2.4"

2.2"

4.3-5.3

3.4-4.4

2.0-4.2

2.0-2.8

3.5-6.9

4.9-6.0

2.7-5.1

5.8-5.8

4.0-6.0

3.0-6.5

Coordinates

Declination

2000.0

Magnitude,

m

31

Appendix C

Brightest stars visible in the Northern Hemisphere

Star

Constellation

R. A.

2000.0

Declination

2000.0

Visible

magnitude

Alpheratz

Mirach

Polaris

Mirfak

Aldebaran

Rigel

Capella

Betelgeuse

Sirius

Castor

Procyon

Pollux

Regulus

Merak

Dubhe

Phecda

Alioth

Mizar

Spica

Alkaid

Arcturus

Vega

Altair

Deneb

α And

β And

α UMi

α Per

α Tau

β Ori

α Aur

α Ori

α CMa

α Gem

α CMi

β Gem

α Leo

β UMa

α UMa

γ UMa

ε UMa

ζ UMa

α Vir

η UMa

α Boo

α Lyr

α Aql

α Cyg

Andromeda

Andromeda

Ursa Minor

Perseus

Taurus

Orion

Auriga

Orion

Canis Major

Gemini

Canis Minor

Gemini

Leo

Ursa Major

Ursa Major

Ursa Major

Ursa Major

Ursa Major

Virgo

Ursa Major

Bootes

Lyra

Aquila

Cygnus

2.07

m

2.07

m

1.97

m

1.79

m

0.87

m

0.18

m

0.08

m

0.45

m

-1.44

m

1.58

m

0.40

m

1.16

m

1.36

m

2.34

m

1.81

m

2.41

m

1.76

m

2.23

m

0.98

m

1.85

m

-0.05

m

0.03

m

0.76

m

1.25

m

+29°05'

+35°37'

+89°15'

+49°51'

+16

°30'

-8°12'

+45°59'

+7°24'

-16

°42'

+31

°53'

+5°13'

+28°01'

+11

°58'

+56°22'

+61

°45'

+53°41'

+55°57'

+54°55'

-11

°09'

+49°18'

+19

°10'

+38°47'

+8°52'

+45°16'

0h08

m

1h09

m

2

h

31

m

3h24

m

4h35

m

5

h

14

m

5

h

16

m

5h55

m

6h45

m

7h34

m

7h39

m

7h45

m

10

h

08

m

11

h

01

m

11h03

m

11h53

m

12

h

54

m

13

h

23

m

13

h

25

m

13

h

47

m

14

h

15

m

18

h

36

m

19

h

50

m

20

h

41

m