Novell EDIRECTORY 8.8 SP5 - ADMINISTRATION Administration Manual

Novell®

www.novell.com

Administration Guide

novdocx (en) 22 June 2009

AUTHORIZED DOCUMENTATION

eDirectory

8.8 SP5

December 02, 2009

TM

Novell eDirectory 8.8 Administration Guide

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novdocx (en) 22 June 2009

novdocx (en) 22 June 2009

4 Novell eDirectory 8.8 Administration Guide

Contents

About This Guide 17

1 Understanding Novell eDirectory 19

1.1 Ease of Management through Novell iManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

1.1.1 Powerful Tree Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

1.1.2 Web-Based Management Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

1.1.3 Single Login and Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

1.2 Object Classes and Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

1.2.1 List of Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

1.2.2 Container Object Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

1.2.3 Leaf Object Classes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

1.3 Context and Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

1.3.1 Distinguished Name. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

1.3.2 Typeful Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

1.3.3 Name Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

1.3.4 Current Workstation Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

1.3.5 Leading Period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

1.3.6 Relative Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

1.3.7 Trailing Periods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

1.3.8 Context and Naming on Linux and UNIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

1.4 Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

1.4.1 Schema Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

1.4.2 Schema Classes, Attributes, and Syntaxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

1.4.3 Understanding Mandatory and Optional Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

1.4.4 Sample Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

1.4.5 Designing the Schema. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

1.5 Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

1.5.1 Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

1.5.2 Distributing Replicas for Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

1.5.3 Partitions and WAN Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

1.6 Replicas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

1.6.1 Replica Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

1.6.2 Filtered Replicas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

1.7 NetWare Bindery Emulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

1.8 Server Synchronization in the Replica Ring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

1.9 Access to Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

1.10 eDirectory Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

1.10.1 Trustee Assignments and Targets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

1.10.2 eDirectory Rights Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

1.10.3 Default Rights for a New Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

1.10.4 Delegated Administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

1.10.5 Administering Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

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2 Designing Your Novell eDirectory Network 73

2.1 eDirectory Design Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

2.1.1 Network Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

2.1.2 Organizational Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

2.1.3 Preparing for eDirectory Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

2.2 Designing the eDirectory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Contents 5

2.2.1 Creating a Naming Standards Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

2.2.2 Designing the Upper Layers of the Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

2.2.3 Designing the Lower Layers of the Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

2.3 Guidelines for Partitioning Your Tree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

2.3.1 Determining Partitions for the Upper Layers of the Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

2.3.2 Determining Partitions for the Lower Layers of the Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

2.3.3 Determining Partition Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

2.3.4 Considering Network Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

2.4 Guidelines for Replicating Your Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

2.4.1 Workgroup Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

2.4.2 Fault Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

2.4.3 Determining the Number of Replicas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

2.4.4 Replicating the Tree Partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

2.4.5 Replicating for Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

2.4.6 Meeting Bindery Services Needs for NetWare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

2.4.7 Managing WAN Traffic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

2.5 Planning the User Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

2.5.1 Reviewing Users' Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

2.5.2 Creating Accessibility Guidelines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

2.6 Designing eDirectory for e-Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

2.7 Understanding the Novell Certificate Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

2.7.1 Rights Required to Perform Tasks on Novell Certificate Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

2.7.2 Ensuring Secure eDirectory Operations on Linux, Solaris, and AIX Systems . . . . . . 87

2.8 Synchronizing Network Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

2.8.1 Synchronizing Time on NetWare Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

2.8.2 Synchronizing Time on Windows Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

2.8.3 Synchronizing Time on Linux, Solaris, or AIX Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

2.8.4 Verifying Time Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

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3 Managing Objects 93

3.1 General Object Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

3.1.1 Browsing the eDirectory Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

3.1.2 Creating an Object. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

3.1.3 Modifying an Object's Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

3.1.4 Copying Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

3.1.5 Moving Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

3.1.6 Deleting Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

3.1.7 Renaming Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

3.2 Managing User Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

3.2.1 Creating and Modifying User Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

3.2.2 Setting Up Optional Account Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

3.2.3 Setting Up Login Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

3.2.4 Login Time Restrictions for Remote Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

3.2.5 Deleting User Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

3.3 Configuring Role-Based Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

3.3.1 Defining RBS Roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

3.3.2 Defining Custom RBS Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

3.4 Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

3.4.1 Features of Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

3.4.2 Normal or Replica Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

3.4.3 Priority Sync. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

4 Managing the Schema 119

4.1 Extending the Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

4.1.1 Creating a Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

6 Novell eDirectory 8.8 Administration Guide

4.1.2 Deleting a Class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

4.1.3 Creating an Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

4.1.4 Adding an Optional Attribute to a Class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

4.1.5 Deleting an Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

4.1.6 Creating an Auxiliary Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

4.1.7 Extending an Object with the Properties of an Auxiliary Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

4.1.8 Modifying an Object's Auxiliary Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

4.1.9 Deleting Auxiliary Properties from an Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

4.2 Viewing the Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

4.2.1 Viewing Class Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

4.2.2 Viewing Attribute Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

4.3 Manually Extending the Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

4.3.1 Extending the Schema on NetWare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

4.3.2 Extending the Schema on Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

4.3.3 Extending the Schema on Linux, Solaris, or AIX Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

4.4 Schema Flags Added in eDirectory 8.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

4.5 Using the Client to Perform Schema Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

4.5.1 Using the DSSchema eMTool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

4.5.2 DSSchema eMTool Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

5 Managing Partitions and Replicas 131

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5.1 Creating a Partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

5.2 Merging a Partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

5.3 Moving Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

5.4 Cancelling Create or Merge Partition Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

5.5 Administering Replicas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

5.5.1 Adding a Replica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

5.5.2 Deleting a Replica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

5.5.3 Changing a Replica Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

5.6 Setting Up and Managing Filtered Replicas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

5.6.1 Using the Filtered Replica Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

5.6.2 Defining a Partition Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

5.6.3 Setting Up a Server Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

5.7 Viewing Partitions and Replicas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

5.7.1 Viewing the Partitions on a Server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

5.7.2 Viewing a Partition’s Replicas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

5.7.3 Viewing Information about a Partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

5.7.4 Viewing Partition Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

5.7.5 Viewing Information about a Replica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

6 Novell eDirectory Management Utilities 143

6.1 Novell Import Conversion Export Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

6.1.1 Using the Novell iManager Import Convert Export Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

6.1.2 Using the Command Line Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

6.1.3 Conversion Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

6.1.4 LDAP Bulk Update/Replication Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

6.1.5 Migrating the Schema between LDAP Directories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

6.1.6 Improving the Speed of LDIF Imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

6.2 Index Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

6.2.1 Creating an Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

6.2.2 Deleting an Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

6.2.3 Taking an Index Offline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

6.2.4 Managing Indexes on Other Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

6.2.5 Using the Novell Import Conversion Export Utility to Manage Indexes . . . . . . . . . . 182

Contents 7

6.3 Predicate Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

6.3.1 Managing Predicate Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

6.4 eDirectory Service Manager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

6.4.1 Using the Client Service Manager eMTool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

6.4.2 Using the Service Manager Plug-In to Novell iManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

7 Offline Bulkload Utility 189

7.1 Using ldif2dib for Bulkloading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

7.2 Multiple Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

7.3 Tuning ldif2dib . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

7.3.1 Tuning the Cache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

7.3.2 Transaction Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

7.3.3 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

7.3.4 Block Cache Percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

7.3.5 Check Point Interval. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

7.4 Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

7.4.1 Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

7.4.2 ACL Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

7.4.3 Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

7.4.4 Unsupported Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

7.4.5 Simple Password LDIF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

7.4.6 Custom Classes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

7.5 Caveats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

7.5.1 Duplicate Entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

7.5.2 No Schema Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

7.5.3 Insufficient Space on Hard-Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

7.5.4 Forced Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

7.5.5 Terminal Resizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

novdocx (en) 22 June 2009

8 Using Novell iMonitor 2.4 195

8.1 System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

8.1.1 Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

8.1.2 eDirectory Versions That Can Be Monitored . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

8.2 Accessing iMonitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

8.3 iMonitor Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

8.3.1 Anatomy of an iMonitor Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

8.3.2 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

8.3.3 iMonitor Features Available on Every Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

8.3.4 NetWare Remote Manager Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

8.3.5 Configuration Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

8.4 iMonitor Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

8.4.1 Viewing eDirectory Server Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

8.4.2 Viewing Partition Synchronization Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

8.4.3 Viewing Server Connection Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

8.4.4 Viewing Known Servers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

8.4.5 Viewing Replica Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

8.4.6 Controlling and Configuring the DS Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

8.4.7 Configuring Trace Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

8.4.8 Viewing Process Status Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

8.4.9 Viewing Agent Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

8.4.10 Viewing Traffic Patterns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

8.4.11 Viewing Background Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

8.4.12 Viewing eDirectory Server Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

8.4.13 Viewing DSRepair Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

8.4.14 Viewing Agent Health Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

8 Novell eDirectory 8.8 Administration Guide

8.4.15 Browsing Objects in Your Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

8.4.16 Viewing Entries for Synchronization or Purging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

8.4.17 Viewing Novell Nsure Identity Manager Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

8.4.18 Viewing the Synchronization Status of a Replica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

8.4.19 Configuring and Viewing Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

8.4.20 Viewing Schema, Class, and Attribute Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

8.4.21 Searching for Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

8.4.22 Using the Stream Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

8.4.23 Clone DIB Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

8.5 Ensuring Secure iMonitor Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

8.6 Configuring HTTP Server Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

8.7 Setting HTTP Stack Parameters Using ndsconfig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

9 SecretStore Configuration for eDirectory Server 223

9.1 UNIX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

9.2 Windows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

9.3 NetWare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

10 Merging Novell eDirectory Trees 225

novdocx (en) 22 June 2009

10.1 Merging eDirectory Trees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

10.1.1 Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

10.1.2 Target Tree Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

10.1.3 Schema Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

10.1.4 Merging the Source into the Target Tree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

10.1.5 Partition Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

10.1.6 Preparing the Source and Target Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

10.1.7 Synchronizing Time before the Merge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

10.1.8 Merging Two Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

10.1.9 Post-Merge Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

10.2 Grafting a Single Server Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

10.2.1 Understanding Context Name Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

10.2.2 Preparing the Source and Target Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

10.2.3 Grafting the Source and Target Tree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

10.3 Renaming a Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236

10.4 Using the Client to Merge Trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

10.4.1 Using the DSMerge eMTool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

10.4.2 DSMerge eMTool Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

11 Encrypting Data In eDirectory 241

11.1 Encrypted Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

11.1.1 Using Encryption Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

11.1.2 Managing Encrypted Attributes Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

11.1.3 Accessing the Encrypted Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

11.1.4 Viewing the Encrypted Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248

11.1.5 Encrypting and Decrypting Backup Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

11.1.6 Cloning the DIB Fileset Containing Encrypted Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

11.1.7 Adding eDirectory 8.8 Servers to Replica Rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

11.1.8 Backward Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

11.1.9 Migrating to Encrypted Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

11.1.10 Replicating the Encrypted Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

11.2 Encrypted Replication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

11.2.1 Enabling Encrypted Replication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

11.2.2 Adding a New Replica to a Replica Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Contents 9

11.2.3 Synchronization and Encrypted Replication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

11.2.4 Viewing the Encrypted Replication Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

11.3 Achieving Complete Security While Encrypting Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

11.3.1 Encrypting Data in an All New Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

11.3.2 Encrypting Data in an Existing Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

11.3.3 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

12 Repairing the Novell eDirectory Database 265

12.1 Performing Basic Repair Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

12.1.1 Performing an Unattended Full Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

12.1.2 Performing a Local Database Repair. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

12.1.3 Checking External References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

12.1.4 Repairing a Single Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

12.1.5 Deleting Unknown Leaf Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

12.2 Viewing and Configuring the Repair Log File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

12.2.1 Opening the Log File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

12.2.2 Setting Log File Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

12.3 Performing a Repair in Novell iMonitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

12.4 Repairing Replicas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

12.4.1 Repairing All Replicas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

12.4.2 Repairing Selected Replicas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

12.4.3 Repairing Time Stamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

12.4.4 Designating This Server As the New Master Replica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

12.4.5 Destroying the Selected Replica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

12.5 Repairing Replica Rings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

12.5.1 Repairing All Replica Rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

12.5.2 Repairing the Selected Replica Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

12.5.3 Sending All Objects to Every Server in the Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

12.5.4 Receiving All Objects from the Master to the Selected Replica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

12.5.5 Removing This Server from the Replica Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

12.6 Maintaining the Schema. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

12.6.1 Requesting Schema from the Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

12.6.2 Resetting the Local Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

12.6.3 Performing a Post-NetWare 5 Schema Update. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

12.6.4 Performing Optional Schema Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

12.6.5 Importing Remote Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

12.6.6 Declaring a New Schema Epoch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

12.7 Repairing Server Network Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

12.7.1 Repairing All Network Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

12.7.2 Repairing a Server's Network Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

12.8 Performing Synchronization Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

12.8.1 Synchronizing the Selected Replica on This Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

12.8.2 Reporting the Synchronization Status on This Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

12.8.3 Reporting the Synchronization Status on All Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

12.8.4 Performing a Time Synchronization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

12.8.5 Scheduling an Immediate Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

12.9 Advanced DSRepair Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

12.9.1 Running DSRepair on the eDirectory Server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

12.9.2 DSRepair Command Line Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

12.9.3 Using Advanced DSRepair Switches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286

12.10 Using the Client to Repair a Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

12.10.1 Using the DSRepair eMTool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

12.10.2 DSRepair eMTool Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

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10 Novell eDirectory 8.8 Administration Guide

13 WAN Traffic Manager 291

13.1 Understanding WAN Traffic Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

13.1.1 LAN Area Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

13.1.2 WAN Traffic Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

13.1.3 Limiting WAN Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

13.1.4 Assigning Cost Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

13.2 WAN Traffic Manager Policy Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

13.2.1 1-3am.wmg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

13.2.2 7am-6pm.wmg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

13.2.3 Costlt20.wmg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

13.2.4 Ipx.wmg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

13.2.5 Ndsttyps.wmg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

13.2.6 Onospoof.wmg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312

13.2.7 Opnspoof.wmg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

13.2.8 Samearea.wmg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

13.2.9 Tcpip.wmg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

13.2.10 Timecost.wmg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

13.3 WAN Policy Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

13.3.1 Declaration Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

13.3.2 Selector Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

13.3.3 Provider Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

13.3.4 Construction Used within Policy Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

novdocx (en) 22 June 2009

14 Understanding LDAP Services for Novell eDirectory 323

14.1 Key Terms for LDAP Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

14.1.1 Clients and Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

14.1.2 Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

14.1.3 Referrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

14.2 Understanding How LDAP Works with eDirectory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

14.2.1 Connecting to eDirectory from LDAP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

14.2.2 Class and Attribute Mappings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

14.2.3 Enabling Nonstandard Schema Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

14.2.4 Syntax Differences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

14.2.5 Supported Novell LDAP Controls and Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

14.3 Using LDAP Tools on Linux, Solaris, or AIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

14.3.1 LDAP Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

14.4 Extensible Match Search Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

14.5 LDAP Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

14.5.1 Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

15 Configuring LDAP Services for Novell eDirectory 349

15.1 Loading and Unloading LDAP Services for eDirectory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

15.2 Verifying That the LDAP Server Is Loaded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350

15.3 Verifying That the LDAP Server Is Running. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

15.3.1 Scenarios. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

15.3.2 Verifying That The LDAP Server Is Running . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352

15.3.3 Verifying That A Device Is Listening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353

15.4 Configuring LDAP Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354

15.4.1 Configuring LDAP Server and LDAP Group Objects on Linux, Solaris, AIX

Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

15.5 Refreshing the LDAP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

15.6 Authentication and Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362

15.6.1 Requiring TLS for Simple Binds with Passwords. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

15.6.2 Starting and Stopping TLS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

Contents 11

15.6.3 Configuring the Server for TLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

15.6.4 Configuring the Client for TLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

15.6.5 Exporting the Trusted Root . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

15.6.6 Authenticating with a Client Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

15.6.7 Using Certificate Authorities from Third-Party Providers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

15.6.8 Creating and Using LDAP Proxy Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

15.6.9 Using SASL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

15.7 Using the LDAP Server to Search the Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

15.7.1 Setting Search Limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

15.7.2 Using Referrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

15.7.3 Searching Filtered Replicas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378

15.8 Configuring for Superior Referrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

15.8.1 Scenario: Superior Referrals in a Federated Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

15.8.2 Creating a Nonauthoritative Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

15.8.3 Specifying Reference Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382

15.8.4 Updating Reference Information through LDAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

15.8.5 Affected Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

15.8.6 Discovering Support for Superior References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

15.9 Persistent Search: Configuring for eDirectory Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

15.9.1 Managing Persistent Searches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

15.9.2 Controlling Use of the Monitor Events Extended Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

15.10 Getting Information about the LDAP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

15.11 Auditing LDAP Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388

novdocx (en) 22 June 2009

16 Implementing the Service Location Protocol 389

16.1 Understanding SLP Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389

16.1.1 User Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389

16.1.2 Service Agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390

16.1.3 Directory Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

16.1.4 SLP Scopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

16.2 How SLP Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394

16.2.1 SLP with a User Agent, Service Agent, and No Directory Agent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394

16.2.2 SLP with a User Agent, Service Agent, and Directory Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395

16.3 Understanding Local Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396

16.3.1 Central Repository . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

16.3.2 SLP Scopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

16.3.3 Customized Scopes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

16.3.4 Proxy Scopes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

16.3.5 Scalability and Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

16.3.6 Private Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

16.3.7 Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

16.4 Understanding Directory Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

16.4.1 How SLP Works in Directory Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399

16.4.2 SLP eDirectory Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400

16.5 Novell’s Implementation of SLP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401

16.5.1 Novell’s User Agents and Service Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

16.5.2 The Novell Directory Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

16.5.3 Using the Novell Windows NT Directory Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

16.5.4 Using the Service Location Protocol Directory Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

16.6 Setting Up SLP on Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

16.7 Setting Up SLP on NetWare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

16.7.1 Installing the NetWare SLP Directory Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

16.7.2 Setting Up the NetWare Directory Agent Manually . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

16.7.3 NetWare SLP Directory Agent Console Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

16.8 Setting Up SLP on Linux or Solaris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

16.8.1 User Agents and Service Agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

12 Novell eDirectory 8.8 Administration Guide

16.8.2 Starting and Stopping the Daemon Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

16.8.3 Using the SLPINFO Diagnostic Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

16.8.4 eDirectory Interoperatability with OpenSLP on Linux and Solaris 8.0 SLP . . . . . . . 419

16.8.5 SLP V1- V2 Interoperatibility Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

17 Backing Up and Restoring Novell eDirectory 421

17.1 Checklist for Backing Up eDirectory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422

17.2 Understanding Backup and Restore Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

17.2.1 About the eDirectory Backup Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

17.2.2 What's Different between Backup and Restore in DSBK and TSA for NDS Backup 426

17.2.3 Overview of How the Backup Tool Does a Restore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

17.2.4 Format of the Backup File Header. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

17.2.5 Format of the Backup Log File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

17.2.6 Using DSMASTER Servers as Part of Disaster Recovery Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

17.2.7 Transitive Vectors and the Restore Verification Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

17.2.8 Preserving Rights When Restoring File System Data on NetWare . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

17.3 Using Roll-Forward Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436

17.3.1 Issues to Be Aware of When Turning On Roll-Forward Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

17.3.2 Location of the Roll-Forward Logs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438

17.3.3 Backing Up and Removing Roll-Forward Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

17.3.4 Cautionary Note: Removing eDirectory Also Removes the Roll-Forward Logs. . . . 440

17.4 Preparing for a Restore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

17.4.1 Prerequisites for Restoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

17.4.2 Locating the Right Backup Files for a Restore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

17.5 Backing Up and Restoring NICI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

17.5.1 Backing Up NICI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

17.5.2 Restoring NICI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443

17.6 Using DSBK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

17.6.1 Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445

17.6.2 Using DSBK on Various Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445

17.6.3 Backing Up Manually with DSBK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

17.6.4 Configuring Roll-Forward Logs with DSBK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

17.6.5 Restoring from Backup Files with DSBK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450

17.6.6 Backup and Restore Command Line Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

17.7 Recovering the Database If Restore Verification Fails. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

17.7.1 Cleaning Up the Replica Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

17.7.2 Repair the Failed Server and Readd Replicas to the Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462

17.8 Scenarios for Backup and Restore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463

17.8.1 Scenario: Losing a Hard Drive Containing eDirectory in a Single-Server NetWork. 463

17.8.2 Scenario: Losing a Hard Drive Containing eDirectory in a Multiserver Environment 464

17.8.3 Scenario: Losing an Entire Server in a Multiple-Server Environment . . . . . . . . . . . 466

17.8.4 Scenario: Losing Some Servers in a Multiple-Server Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

17.8.5 Scenario: Losing All Servers in a Multiple-Server Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467

17.9 Disaster Recovery Plan using DSBK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

17.9.1 Disaster Recovery Plan on Linux. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469

novdocx (en) 22 June 2009

18 SNMP Support for Novell eDirectory 471

18.1 Definitions and Terminology for SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471

18.2 Understanding SNMP Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472

18.3 eDirectory and SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474

18.3.1 Benefits of SNMP Instrumentation on eDirectory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474

18.3.2 Understanding How SNMP Works with eDirectory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474

18.4 Installing and Configuring SNMP Services for eDirectory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

18.4.1 Loading and Unloading the SNMP Server Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477

Contents 13

18.4.2 Subagent Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478

18.4.3 Setting Up SNMP Services for eDirectory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480

18.5 Monitoring eDirectory Using SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486

18.5.1 Traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486

18.5.2 Configuring Traps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500

18.5.3 Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510

18.6 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514

19 Maintaining Novell eDirectory 515

19.1 Advanced Referral Costing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515

19.1.1 Improving Server-to-Server Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516

19.1.2 Advantages of Referral Costing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

19.1.3 Deploying ARC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

19.1.4 Enabling Advanced Referral Costing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

19.1.5 Tuning Advanced Referral Costing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

19.1.6 Monitoring Advanced Referral Costing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521

19.2 Improving Bulkload Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

19.2.1 eDirectory Cache Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524

19.2.2 LBURP Transaction Size Setting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525

19.2.3 Increasing the Number of Asynchronous Requests in ICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525

19.2.4 Increased Number of LDAP Writer Threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526

19.2.5 Disabling ACL Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526

19.2.6 Disabling Schema Validation in ICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526

19.2.7 Disabling ACL Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526

19.2.8 Backlinker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528

19.2.9 Enabling/Disabling Inline Cache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528

19.2.10 Increasing the LBURP Time Out Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528

19.3 Keeping eDirectory Healthy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

19.3.1 When to Perform Health Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

19.3.2 Health Check Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

19.3.3 Checking eDirectory Health Using iMonitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530

19.3.4 For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531

19.4 Resources for Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531

19.5 Upgrading Hardware or Replacing a Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532

19.5.1 Planned Hardware or Storage Device Upgrade without Replacing the Server . . . . 532

19.5.2 Planned Replacement of a Server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536

19.5.3 Server IP Address Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539

19.6 Restoring eDirectory after a Hardware Failure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539

novdocx (en) 22 June 2009

20 DHost iConsole Manager 541

20.1 What is DHost? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542

20.2 Running DHost iConsole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542

20.2.1 Running DHost iConsole on NetWare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543

20.2.2 Running DHost iConsole on Windows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543

20.2.3 Running DHost iConsole on Linux, Solaris, and AIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543

20.3 Managing eDirectory Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543

20.3.1 Loading or Unloading Modules on NetWare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544

20.3.2 Loading or Unloading Modules on Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545

20.3.3 Loading or Unloading Modules on Linux, Solaris, and AIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545

20.4 Querying for DHost Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545

20.4.1 Viewing the Configuration Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545

20.4.2 Viewing Protocol Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546

20.4.3 Viewing Connection Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546

20.4.4 Viewing the Thread Pools Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546

20.5 Process Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547

14 Novell eDirectory 8.8 Administration Guide

21 Setting the SAdmin Password 549

21.1 Setting the SAdmin Password on NetWare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

21.2 Setting the SAdmin Password on Windows, Linux, Solaris, and AIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

22 The eDirectory Management Toolbox 551

22.1 Using the Command Line Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552

22.1.1 Displaying the Command Line Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552

22.1.2 Running the Command Line Client in Interactive Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552

22.1.3 Running the Command Line Client in Batch Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556

22.1.4 eMBox Command Line Client Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558

22.1.5 Establishing a Secure Connection with the Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559

22.1.6 Finding Out eDirectory Port Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560

22.2 Using the Logger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561

22.2.1 Using the Logger Command Line Client. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562

22.2.2 Using the Logger Feature in Novell iManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562

22.3 Using the eMBox Client for Backup and Restore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563

22.3.1 Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564

22.3.2 Backing Up Manually with the eMBox Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564

22.3.3 Doing Unattended Backups, Using a Batch File with the eMBox Client . . . . . . . . . 565

22.3.4 Configuring Roll-Forward Logs with the eMBox Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568

22.3.5 Restoring from Backup Files with the eMBox Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569

22.4 Using Novell iManager for Backup and Restore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571

22.4.1 Backing Up Manually with iManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572

22.4.2 Configuring Roll-Forward Logs with iManager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574

22.4.3 Restoring from Backup Files with iManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575

novdocx (en) 22 June 2009

A NMAS Considerations 579

A.1 Setting Up a Security Container As a Separate Partition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579

A.2 Merging Trees with Multiple Security Containers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579

A.2.1 Product-Specific Operations to Perform prior to Tree Merge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580

A.2.2 Performing the Tree Merge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583

A.2.3 Product-Specific Operations to Perform after the Tree Merge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583

B Novell eDirectory Linux and UNIX Commands and Usage 585

B.1 General Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585

B.2 LDAP-Specific Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590

C Configuring OpenSLP for eDirectory 593

C.1 Service Location Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593

C.2 SLP Fundamentals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593

C.2.1 Novell Service Location Providers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594

C.2.2 User Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594

C.2.3 Service Agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595

C.3 Configuration Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595

D How Novell eDirectory Works with DNS 597

E Configuring GSSAPI with eDirectory 599

E.1 Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599

Contents 15

E.1.1 Assumptions on Network Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600

E.1.2 Installing the Kerberos Plug-in for iManager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600

E.1.3 Adding Kerberos LDAP Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602

E.1.4 Exporting the Trusted Root Certificate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603

E.2 Configuring the SASL-GSSAPI Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603

E.2.1 Merging eDirectory Trees Configured with SASL-GSSAPI Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . 604

E.3 Managing the SASL-GSSAPI Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604

E.3.1 Extending the Kerberos Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604

E.3.2 Managing the Kerberos Realm Object. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604

E.3.3 Managing a Service Principal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606

E.3.4 Editing Foreign Principals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610

E.3.5 Configuring SASL GSSAPI Authentication if MIT Kerberos KDC Uses eDirectory as

Backend. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611

E.4 Creating a Login Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611

E.5 How Does LDAP Use SASL-GSSAPI? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611

E.6 Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611

F Security Considerations 613

F.1 LDAP Binds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613

F.2 Nessus Scan Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613

novdocx (en) 22 June 2009

G Documentation Updates 615

G.1 December 02, 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615

G.2 June 05, 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615

16 Novell eDirectory 8.8 Administration Guide

About This Guide

This guide describes how to manage and configure Novell® eDirectoryTM 8.8.

 Chapter 1, “Understanding Novell eDirectory,” on page 19

 Section 2.2, “Designing the eDirectory Tree,” on page 74

 Chapter 3, “Managing Objects,” on page 93

 Chapter 4, “Managing the Schema,” on page 119

 Chapter 5, “Managing Partitions and Replicas,” on page 131

 Chapter 6, “Novell eDirectory Management Utilities,” on page 143

 Chapter 7, “Offline Bulkload Utility,” on page 189

 Chapter 8, “Using Novell iMonitor 2.4,” on page 195

 Chapter 10, “Merging Novell eDirectory Trees,” on page 225

 Chapter 11, “Encrypting Data In eDirectory,” on page 241

 Chapter 12, “Repairing the Novell eDirectory Database,” on page 265

novdocx (en) 22 June 2009

 Chapter 13, “WAN Traffic Manager,” on page 291

 Chapter 14, “Understanding LDAP Services for Novell eDirectory,” on page 323

 Chapter 15, “Configuring LDAP Services for Novell eDirectory,” on page 349

 Chapter 17, “Backing Up and Restoring Novell eDirectory,” on page 421

 Chapter 18, “SNMP Support for Novell eDirectory,” on page 471

 Chapter 19, “Maintaining Novell eDirectory,” on page 515

 Chapter 20, “DHost iConsole Manager,” on page 541

 Chapter 21, “Setting the SAdmin Password,” on page 549

 Chapter 22, “The eDirectory Management Toolbox,” on page 551

 Appendix A, “NMAS Considerations,” on page 579

 Appendix B, “Novell eDirectory Linux and UNIX Commands and Usage,” on page 585

 Appendix C, “Configuring OpenSLP for eDirectory,” on page 593

 Appendix D, “How Novell eDirectory Works with DNS,” on page 597

 Appendix E, “Configuring GSSAPI with eDirectory,” on page 599

Audience

The guide is intended for network administrators.

Feedback

We want to hear your comments and suggestions about this manual and the other documentation
included with this product. Please use the User Comments feature at the bottom of each page of the
online documentation, or go to www.novell.com/documentation/feedback.html and enter your
comments there.

About This Guide 17

Documentation Updates

For the most recent version of this guide, see Novell eDirectory 8.8 Administration Guide (http://

www.novell.com/documentation/edir88/index.html).

Additional Documentation

For eDirectory installation instructions, see the Novell eDirectory 8.8 Installation Guide (http://

www.novell.com/documentation/edir88/index.html).

For documentation on the eDirectory management utility, see the Novell iManager 2.6

Administration Guide (http://www.novell.com/documentation/imanager26/index.html).

Documentation Conventions

In this documentation, a greater-than symbol (>) is used to separate actions within a step and items
within a cross-reference path.

®

A trademark symbol (

, TM, etc.) denotes a Novell trademark. An asterisk (*) denotes a third-party

trademark.

novdocx (en) 22 June 2009

When a single pathname can be written with a backslash for some platforms or a forward slash for
other platforms, the pathname is presented with a backslash. Users of platforms that require a
forward slash, such as Linux and UNIX*, should use forward slashes as required by your software.

18 Novell eDirectory 8.8 Administration Guide

1

Understanding Novell eDirectory

In simplest terms, Novell® eDirectoryTM is a list of objects that represent network resources, such as
network users, servers, printers, print queues, and applications. Novell eDirectory is a highly
scalable, high-performing, secure directory service. It can store and manage millions of objects,
such as users, applications, network devices, and data. Novell eDirectory offers a secure identity
management solution that runs across multiple platforms, is internet-scalable, and extensible.

Novell eDirectory provides centralized identity management, infrastructure, Net-wide security, and
scalability to all types of applications running behind and beyond the firewall. Novell eDirectory
includes Web-based and wireless management capabilities, allowing you to access and manage the
directory and users, access rights, and network resources from a Web browser and a variety of
handheld devices.

Novell eDirectory natively supports the directory standard Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
(LDAP) 3 and provides support for TLS/SSL services based on the OpenSSL source code. For more
information on the eDirectory engine, see eDirectory Process Requests (http://developer.novell.com/

research/sections/netmanage/dirprimer/2002/august/p020801.htm).

novdocx (en) 22 June 2009

1

Figure 1-1 shows a few of the objects as viewed in the Novell iManager management utility.

Figure 1-1 eDirectory Objects in iManager

Some object classes might not be available, depending on the actual schema configured on the
eDirectory server and the operating system running eDirectory.

For more information on objects, see Section 1.2, “Object Classes and Properties,” on page 23.

If you have more than one eDirectory server on the network, the directory can be replicated on
multiple servers.

This chapter includes the following information:

 Section 1.1, “Ease of Management through Novell iManager,” on page 20

 Section 1.2, “Object Classes and Properties,” on page 23

 Section 1.3, “Context and Naming,” on page 42

 Section 1.4, “Schema,” on page 45

 Section 1.5, “Partitions,” on page 51

Understanding Novell eDirectory

19

 Section 1.6, “Replicas,” on page 54

 Section 1.7, “NetWare Bindery Emulation,” on page 59

 Section 1.8, “Server Synchronization in the Replica Ring,” on page 59

 Section 1.9, “Access to Resources,” on page 60

 Section 1.10, “eDirectory Rights,” on page 60

1.1 Ease of Management through Novell
iManager

Novell eDirectory allows for easy, powerful, and flexible management of network resources. It also
serves as a repository of user information for groupware and other applications. These applications
access your directory through the industry-standard Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
(LDAP).

eDirectory ease-of-management features include a powerful tree structure, an integrated
management utility, and single login and authentication.

Novell iManager lets you manage the directory and users, and access rights and network resources
within the directory, from a Web browser and a variety of handheld devices. The eDirectory plug-ins
to iManager give you access to basic directory management tasks, and to the eDirectory
management utilities you previously had to run on the eDirectory server, such as DSRepair,
DSMerge, and Backup and Restore.

novdocx (en) 22 June 2009

For more information, see the Novell iManager 2.6 Administration Guide (http://www.novell.com/

documentation/imanager26/index.html).

1.1.1 Powerful Tree Structure

Novell eDirectory organizes objects in a tree structure, beginning with the top Tree object, which
bears the tree's name.

®

Whether your eDirectory servers are running NetWare
resources can be kept in the same tree. You won’t need to access a specific server or domain to
create objects, grant rights, change passwords, or manage applications.

The hierarchical structure of the tree gives you great management flexibility and power. These
benefits primarily result from the following two features:

 “Container Objects” on page 20

 “Inheritance” on page 21

Container Objects

Container objects allow you to manage other objects in sets, rather than individually. There are three
common classes of container objects, as seen in Figure 1-2:

Figure 1-2 Common Classes of Container Objects

, Linux*, UNIX*, or Windows*, all

20 Novell eDirectory 8.8 Administration Guide

The Tree object is the top container object in the tree. It usually contains your company’s

Organization object.

Organization is normally the first container class under the Tree object. The Organization object
is typically named after your company. Small companies keep management simple by having all
other objects directly under the Organization object.

Organizational Unit objects can be created under the Organization to represent distinct
geographical regions, network campuses, or individual departments. You can also create
Organizational Units under other Organizational Units to further subdivide the tree.

Other classes of container objects are Country and Locality, which are typically used only in
multinational networks.

The Domain object can be created under the Tree object or under Organization, Organizational
Unit, Country, and Locality objects.

You can perform one task on the container object that applies to all objects within the container.
Suppose you want to give a user named Amy complete management control over all objects in the
Accounting container. (See Figure 1-3.)

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Figure 1-3 Container Object

To do this, right-click the Accounting object, select Trustees of This Object, then add Amy as a
trustee. Next, select the rights you want Amy to have, then click OK. Now Amy has rights to
manage the Database application, the Bookkeepers group, the LaserPrinter printer, and the users
Amy, Bill, and Bob.

Inheritance

Another powerful feature of eDirectory is rights inheritance. Inheritance means that rights flow
down to all containers in the tree. This allows you to grant rights with very few rights assignments.
For example, suppose you want to grant management rights to the objects shown in Figure 1-4 on

page 21.

Figure 1-4 Sample eDirectory Objects

Understanding Novell eDirectory 21

You could make any of the following assignments:

 If you grant a user rights to Allentown, the user can manage only objects in the Allentown

container.

 If you grant a user rights to East, the user can manage objects in the East, Allentown, and

Yorktown c o n t a iners.

 If you grant a user rights to YourCo, the user can manage any objects in any of the containers

shown.

For more information on assigning rights, see Section 1.10, “eDirectory Rights,” on page 60.

1.1.2 Web-Based Management Utility

iManager is a browser-based tool used for administering, managing, and configuring eDirectory
objects. iManager gives you the ability to assign specific tasks or responsibilities to users and to
present the user with only the tools (with the accompanying rights) necessary to perform those sets
of tasks.

To run iManager, you will need a workstation with Microsoft* Internet Explorer 6.0 SP1 or later
(recommended), Mozilla* 1.7 or later, or Mozilla Firefox* 0.9.2.

novdocx (en) 22 June 2009

IMPORTANT: While you might be able to access iManager through a Web browser not listed, we
do not guarantee full functionality.

You can use iManager to perform the following supervisory tasks:

 Configure LDAP- and XML-based access to eDirectory

 Create objects representing network users, devices, and resources

 Define templates for creating new user accounts

 Find, modify, move, and delete network objects

 Define rights and roles to delegate administrative authority

 Extend the eDirectory schema to allow custom object types and properties

 Partition and replicate the eDirectory database across multiple servers

 Run eDirectory management utilities such as DSRepair, DSMerge, and Backup and Restore

You can use iManager to perform other management functions based on plug-ins that have been
loaded into iManager. The following eDirectory plug-ins are installed with iManager 2.6:

 eDirectory Backup and Restore

 eDirectory Log Files

 eDirectory Merge

 eDirectory Repair

 eDirectory Service Manager

 eGuide Content

 iManager Base Content

 Import Convert Export Wizard

 Index Management

22 Novell eDirectory 8.8 Administration Guide

 iPrint

 LDAP

 Universal Password Enforcement

 Priority Sync

 Encrypted Attributes

 Encrypted Replication

 NLS

 NMAS

 PKI/Certificate

 Filtered Replica Configuration Wizard

 SNMP

 WAN Traffic Manager

For more information on installing, configuring, and running iManager, Novell iManager 2.6

Administration Guide (http://www.novell.com/documentation/imanager26/index.html).

novdocx (en) 22 June 2009

1.1.3 Single Login and Authentication

With eDirectory, users log in to a global directory, so you don’t need to manage multiple server or
domain accounts for each user, and you don’t need to manage trust relationships or pass-through
authentication among domains.

A security feature of the directory is authentication of users. Before a user logs in, a User object
must be created in the directory. The User object has certain properties, such as a name and
password.

When the user logs in, eDirectory checks the password against the one stored in the directory for
that user and grants access if they match.

1.2 Object Classes and Properties

The definition of each type of eDirectory object is called an object class. For instance, User and
Organization are object classes. Each class of object has certain properties. A User object, for
example, has First Name, Last Name, and many other properties.

The schema defines the object classes and properties, along with the rules of containment (what
containers can contain which objects). eDirectory ships with a base schema that you, or the
applications you use, can extend. For more information about schemas, see Section 1.4, “Schema,”

on page 45.

Container objects contain other objects and are used to divide the tree into branches, while leaf
objects represent network resources.

1.2.1 List of Objects

The following tables list eDirectory object classes. Added services can create new object classes in
eDirectory that are not listed below.

Understanding Novell eDirectory 23

eDirectory Container Object Classes

novdocx (en) 22 June 2009

iManager Icon

Container Object
(Abbreviation)

Description

Tree Represents the beginning of your tree. For more

information, see “Tree” on page 25.

Country (C) Designates the countries where your network resides and

organizes other directory objects within the country. For
more information, see “Country” on page 28.

License Container (LC) Created automatically when you install a license certificate

or create a metering certificate using Novell Licensing
Services (NLS) technology. When an NLS-enabled
application is installed, it adds a License Container
container object to the tree and a License Certificate leaf
object to that container.

Organization (O) Helps you organize other objects in the directory. The

Organization object is a level below the Country object (if
you use the Country object). For more information, see

“Organization” on page 26.

Organizational Unit (OU) Helps you to further organize other objects in the directory.

The Organizational Unit object is a level below the
Organization object. For more information, see

“Organizational Unit” on page 27.

Domain (DC) Helps you to further organize other objects in the directory.

The Domain object can be created under the Tree object or
under Organization, Organizational Unit, Country, and
Locality objects. For more information, see “Domain” on

page 28.

eDirectory Leaf Object Classes

iManager Icon Leaf Object Description

AFP Server Represents an AppleTalk* Filing Protocol server that operates as a

node on your eDirectory network. It usually also acts as a NetWare
router to, and the AppleTalk server for, several Macintosh*
computers.

Alias Points to the actual location of an object in the directory. Any

directory object located in one place in the directory can also
appear to be in another place in the directory by using an Alias. For
more information, see “Alias” on page 40.

Application Represents a network application. Application objects simplify

administrative tasks such as assigning rights, customizing login
scripts, and launching applications.

Computer Represents a computer on the network.

Directory Map Refers to a directory in the file system. For more information, see

“Directory Map” on page 41.

24 Novell eDirectory 8.8 Administration Guide

iManager Icon Leaf Object Description

Group Assigns a name to a list of User objects in the directory. You can

assign rights to the group instead of to each user; then the rights
transfer to each user in the group. For more information, see

“Group” on page 32.

License Certificate Use with NLS technology to install product license certificates as

objects in the database. License Certificate objects are added to the
Licensed Product container when an NLS-aware application is
installed.

Organizational Role Defines a position or role within an organization.

Print Queue Represents a network print queue.

Print Server Represents a network print server.

Printer Represents a network printing device.

Profile Represents a login script used by a group of users who need to

share common login script commands. The users don’t need to be
in the same container. For more information, see “Profile” on

page 42.

novdocx (en) 22 June 2009

Server Represents a server running any operating system. For more

information, see “Server” on page 29.

Template Represents standard User object properties that can be applied to

new User objects.

Unknown Represents an object for which iManager has no custom icon.

User Represents the people who use your network. For more

information, see “User” on page 31.

Volume Represents a physical volume on the network. For more

information, see “Volume” on page 30.

1.2.2 Container Object Classes

 “Tree” on page 25

 “Organization” on page 26

 “Organizational Unit” on page 27

 “Country” on page 28

 “Domain” on page 28

Tree

The Tree container, formerly [Root], is created when you first install eDirectory on a server in
your network. As the top-most container, it usually holds Organization objects, Country objects, or
Alias objects.

What Tree Represents

Tree represents the top of your tree.

Understanding Novell eDirectory 25

Usage

Tree is used to make universal rights assignments. Because of inheritance, any rights assignments
you make to Tree as the target apply to all objects in the tree. See Section 1.10, “eDirectory Rights,”

on page 60. The [Public] trustee has the Browse right and Admin has the Supervisor right to Tree by

default.

Important Properties

 The Tree object has a Name property, which is the tree name you supply when installing the

first server. The tree name is shown in the hierarchy of iManager.

 Tree name cannot exceed 32 characters.

Organization

An Organization container object is created when you first install eDirectory on a server in your
network. As the top-most container under Tree, it usually holds Organizational Unit objects and leaf
objects.

The User object named Admin is created by default in your first Organization container.

novdocx (en) 22 June 2009

What an Organization Object Represents

Normally the Organization object represents your company, although you can create additional
Organization objects under Tree. This is typically done for networks with distinct geographical
districts or for companies with separate eDirectory trees that have merged.

Usage

The way you use Organization objects in your tree depends on the size and structure of your
network. If the network is small, you should keep all leaf objects under one Organization object.

For larger networks, you can create Organizational Unit objects under the Organization to make
resources easier to locate and manage. For example, you can create Organizational Units for each
department or division in your company.

For networks with multiple sites, you should create an Organizational Unit for each site under the
Organization object. That way, if you have (or plan to have) enough servers to partition the
directory, you can do so logically along site boundaries.

For easy sharing of company-wide resources such as printers, volumes, or applications, create
corresponding Printer, Volume, or Application objects under the Organization.

26 Novell eDirectory 8.8 Administration Guide

Important Properties

The most useful properties for Organization are listed below. Only the Name property is required.
For a complete list of properties, select an Organization object in iManager. To display a description
for each page of properties, click Help.

 Name

Typically, the Name property is the same as your company’s name. Of course, you can shorten
it for simplicity. For instance, if the name of your company is Your Shoe Company, you might
use YourCo.

The Organization name becomes part of the context for all objects created under it.

 Login Script

The Login Script property contains commands that are executed by any User objects directly
under the Organization. These commands are run when a user logs in.

 Organization name can be 64 characters long.

Organizational Unit

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You can create Organizational Unit (OU) container objects to subdivide the tree. Organizational

Units are created with iManager under an Organization, Country, or another Organizational Unit.

Organizational Units can contain other Organizational Units and leaf objects such as User and
Application objects.

What an Organizational Unit Object Represents

Normally the Organizational Unit object represents a department, which holds a set of objects that
commonly need access to each other. A typical example is a set of Users, along with the Printers,
Volumes, and Applications that those Users need.

At the highest level of Organizational Unit objects, each Organizational Unit can represent each site
(separated by WAN links) in the network.

Usage

The way you use Organizational Unit objects in your tree depends on the size and structure of your
network. If the network is small, you might not need any Organizational Units.

For larger networks, you can create Organizational Unit objects under the Organization to make
resources easier to locate and manage. For example, you can create Organizational Units for each
department or division in your company. Remember that administration is easiest when you keep
User objects together in the Organizational Unit with the resources they use most frequently.

For networks with multiple sites, you can create an Organizational Unit for each site under the
Organization object. That way, if you have (or plan to have) enough servers to partition the
directory, you can do so logically along site boundaries.

Understanding Novell eDirectory 27

Important Properties

The most useful properties for the Organizational Unit are listed below. Only the Name property is
required. For a complete list of properties, select an Organizational Unit object in iManager. To
display a description for each page of properties, click Help.

 Name

Typically, the Name property is the same as the department name. Of course, you can shorten it
for simplicity. For instance, if the name of your department is Accounts Payable, you can
shorten it to AP.

The Organizational Unit name becomes part of the context for all objects created under it.

 Login Script

The Login Script property contains commands that are executed by any User objects directly
under the Organizational Unit. These commands are run when a user logs in.

 Organizational Unit name can be 64 characters long.

Country

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You can create Country objects directly under the Tree object using iManager. Country objects

are optional and required only for connection to certain X.500 global directories.

What a Country Object Represents

The Country object represents the political identity of its branch of the tree.

Usage

Most administrators do not create a Country object, even if the network spans countries, since the
Country object only adds an unnecessary level to the tree. You can create one or many Country
objects under the Tree object, depending on the multinational nature of your network. Country
objects can contain only Organization objects.

If you do not create a Country object and find that you need one later, you can always modify the
tree to add one.

Important Properties

 The Country object has a two-letter Name property. Country objects are named with a standard

two-letter code such as US, UK, or DE.

 Country name cannot exceed 2 characters.

Domain

You can create Domain objects directly under the Tree object using iManager. You can also

create them under Organization, Organization Unit, Country, and Location objects.

What a Domain Object Represents

The Domain object represent DNS domain components. Domain objects let you use your Domain
Name System location of services resource records (DNS SRV) to locate services in your tree.

Using Domain objects, a tree could look something like this:

28 Novell eDirectory 8.8 Administration Guide

DS=Novell.DC=Provo.DC=USA

In this example, all subcontainers are domains. You can also use Domain objects in a mixed tree,
such as:

DC=Novell.O=Provo.C=USA

Or

novdocx (en) 22 June 2009

OU=Novell.DC=Provo.C=USA

Usually, the topmost Domain is the overall Tree, with subdomains under Tree. For example,
machine1.novell.com could be represented by

DC=machine1.DC=novell.DC=com

in a tree
representation. Domains give you a more generic way to set up an eDirectory tree. If all containers
and subcontainers are DC objects, users do not need to remember C, O, or OUs when searching for
objects.

Usage

NetWare 4 and 5 trees cannot have Domain objects at the top of the tree. With NetWare 4 and 5, the
NCP Server object can be placed in an Organization, Country, Organizational Unit, or Locality
container, but not in a Domain container. With NetWare 6, however, you can place Domain objects
at the top of the tree, and you can place the NCP Server object in a Domain container.

For older installations of NetWare (such as NetWare 4), when you prepare the tree to install or
upgrade to NetWare 5 or later, the nds500.sch file will automatically run. After the first server is
installed into the tree, this file extends the schema to allow the Domain container to be created
anywhere and hold most directory objects.

Domain name can be 64 characters long.

1.2.3 Leaf Object Classes

 “Server” on page 29

 “Volume” on page 30

 “User” on page 31

 “Group” on page 32

 “Nested Groups” on page 36

 “Alias” on page 40

 “Directory Map” on page 41

 “Profile” on page 42

Server

A Server object is automatically created in the tree whenever you install eDirectory on a server.

The object class can be any server running eDirectory.

You can also create a Server object to represent a NetWare 2 or NetWare 3 bindery server.

Understanding Novell eDirectory 29

What a Server Object Represents

The Server object represents a server running eDirectory or a bindery-based (NetWare 2 or NetWare

3) server.

Usage

The Server object serves as a reference point for replication operations. A Server object that
represents a bindery-based server allows you to manage the server’s volumes with iManager.

Important Properties

The Server object has a Network Address property, among others. The Network Address property
displays the protocol and address number for the server. This is useful for troubleshooting at the
packet level

For a complete list of properties, select a Server object in iManager. To display a description for
each page of properties, click Help.

Volume

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When you create a physical volume on a server, a Volume object is automatically created in the
tree. By default, the name of the Volume object is the server’s name with an underscore and the
physical volume’s name appended (for example, YOSERVER_SYS).

Volume objects are supported only on NetWare. Linux and UNIX file system partitions cannot be
managed using Volume objects.

What a Volume Object Represents

A Volume object represents a physical volume on a server, whether it is a writable disk, a CD, or
other storage medium. The Volume object in eDirectory does not contain information about the files
and directories on that volume, although you can access that information through iManager. File and
directory information is retained in the file system itself.

Usage

In iManager, click the Vo lu m e icon to manage files and directories on that volume. iManager
provides information about the volume’s free disk space, directory entry space, and compression
statistics.

You can also create Volume objects in the tree for NetWare 2 and NetWare 3 volumes.

Important Properties

In addition to the required Name and Host Server properties, there are other important Volume
properties.

 Name

This is the name of the Volume object in the tree. By default, this name is derived from the
name of the physical volume, though you can change the object name.

 Host Server

This is the server that the volume resides on.

30 Novell eDirectory 8.8 Administration Guide