Nortel Networks NN43001-563 User Manual

Nortel Communication Server 1000

IP Trunk Fundamentals

NN43001-563

Document status: Standard Document version: 01.01 Document date: 30 May 2007

Sourced in Canada. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. The statements, conﬁgurations, technical

data, and recommendations in this document are believed to be accurate and reliable, but are presented without express or implied warranty. Users must take full responsibility for their applications of any products speciﬁed in this document. The information in this document is proprietary to Nortel Networks.

Nortel, the Nortel Logo, the Globemark, SL-1, Meridian 1, and Succession are trademarks of Nortel Networks. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Revision History

May 2007

Standard 01.01. This document is issued to support Communication Server 1000 Release 5.0. This document contains information previously contained in the following legacy document, now retired: (553-3001-363).

August 2005

Standard 3.00. This document is up-issued for Communication Server 1000 Release 4.5.

September 2004

Standard 2.00. This document is up-issued for Communication Server 1000 Release 4.0.

October 2003

Standard 1.00. This document is a new NTP for Succession 3.0. It was created to support a restructuring of the Documentation Library. This document contains information previously contained in the following legacy document, now retired: IP Trunk: Description, Installation, and Operation (553-3001-202).

Nortel Communication Server 1000

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Contents

How to Get Help 17

Getting help from the Nortel web site 17 Getting help over the telephone from a Nortel Solutions Center 17 Getting help from a specialist by using an Express Routing Code 17 Getting help through a Nortel distributor or re-seller 18

Overview of IP Trunk 3.01 19

Contents 19 Introduction 19 Startup and registration 23 IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) and CS 1000M 25

IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) requirements 27

Interoperability with the ITG 8-port trunk card 28

Loss plans and pad values 27 Codec selection 27

Package requirements 27 TM 3.1 28

System description 29

Contents 29 IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) application 31 System requirements 32 Hardware components for IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) 34 Ordering rules and guidelines 36

Ordering rules for an IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) node 36 Ordering rules for IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) node expansion 37 Sparing ratios for IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) components 37

IP trunk card description 38

8051 XAController ﬁrmware 38 Card roles 39 Card combinations 43 Interactions among card functions 44

ITG-Pentium 24-port trunk card (NT0961AA) 46

Description 46 Faceplate indicators, controls, and interfaces 47

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Backplane interfaces 50 Assembly description 50

Media Card 32-port trunk card (NTVQ01BB) 51

Description 51 NTVQ01BB Hardware 52 Assembly description 53 Faceplate indicators and interfaces 53

Backplane interfaces 54 Installation guidelines 55 Software delivery 55 Replacing a CompactFlash PC Card (C:/ drive) 56 Software upgrade 59 Media Card application identiﬁcation labels 60 Interoperability with earlier versions of ITG Trunk 60 Fax Tone Detection Conﬁguration 61 ISDN Signaling Link 61

Inter-card signaling paths 64 Dialing plans 64

Multi-node conﬁguration 65

North American dialing plan 66

Flexible Numbering Plan 66

Electronic Switched Network (ESN5) network signaling 67

Echo cancellation 67

Speech Activity Detection 69

DTMF Through Dial 69 Quality of Service 70

Quality of Service parameters 71

Network performance utilities 72

E-Model 73 Fallback to alternate facilities 74

Triggering fallback to alternate trunk facilities 74

Fallback in IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) 75

Return to the IP network 76 Type of Service 76 Fax support 78 Remote Access 79 Per-call statistics support using RADIUS Client 80

Conﬁguration 80

Messaging 81 SNMP MIB 82

MIB-2 support 82

IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) SNMP agent 83 Codec proﬁles 84

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G.711 84

G.729AB 84

G.729B 84

G.723.1 (5.3 kbit/s or 6.3 kbit/s) 85 Security passwords 85

Administrator level 86

Technical support level 86

ITG engineering guidelines 87

Contents 87 Introduction 89

Audience 90

Equipment requirements 91

Scope 92 Network engineering guidelines overview 93 IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) trafﬁc engineering 95

Estimate voice trafﬁc calculations 95

Calculate the number of IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) ports required 99

Calculate number of IP trunk cards required 101 Factors that effect the real-time capacity 104

Host module type 104

Ports conﬁgured on the Leader card, codec selection ,and voice sample size 104

Size of the IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) network 104 Endpointtype 105 TheAverage Hold Time (AHT) and distribution of incoming calls 105 CalculateEthernet and WAN bandwidth usage 112 SilenceSuppression engineering considerations 114 Faxengineering considerations 115 TAT and TRO considerations 116

WAN route bandwidth engineering 119

Assess WAN link resources 122

Link utilization 122 Estimate network loading caused by IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) trafﬁc 123 Route Link Trafﬁc Estimation 124 Enough capacity 126 Insufﬁcient link capacity 127 Other intranet resource considerations 127

Implement QoS in IP networks 127

Trafﬁc mix 128 TCP trafﬁc behavior 128 IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) DiffServ support for IP QoS 129 Queue management 130

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Use of Frame Relay and ATM services 130

Internet Protocols and ports used by IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) 131

QoS fallback thresholds and IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) 132

Fine-tune network QoS 133

Components of delay 133

Reduce link delay 136

Reduce hop count 137

Adjust jitter buffer size 137

Reduce packet loss 137

Routing issues 138

Network modeling 138

Time-of-Day voice routing 139 Measure intranet QoS 140

QoS evaluation process overview 140

Set QoS expectations 140

Obtain QoS measurement tools 144

Measure end-to-end network delay 144

Measure end-to-end packet loss 146

Adjust PING measurements 146

Network delay and packet loss evaluation example 147

Other measurement considerations 148

Estimate voice quality 148

Does the intranet meet expected IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) QoS? 153 IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) LAN installation and conﬁguration 154

Basic setup of the IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) system 154

IP trunk card connections 154

Conﬁgure a system with separate subnets for voice and management 155

Subnet conﬁgurations 155

Selecting public or private IP addresses 157

Single subnet option for voice and management 157

Multiple IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) nodes on the same ELAN and

General LAN considerations 158 ELAN and TLAN network interface half- or full-duplex operation 158 TLAN subnet design 159 Conﬁgure the TLAN subnet IP router 159 Setting up the ELAN subnet 160 How to avoid system interruption 160

IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) DSP proﬁle settings 162

Codec types 162 Payload size 163 Jitter buffer parameters (voice playout delay) 163 Silence Suppression parameters (Voice Activity Detection) 164

TLAN segments 158

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Fallback threshold 165

Setting the QoS threshold for fallback routing 165 Post-installation network measurements 165

Set ITG QoS objectives 166

Intranet QoS monitoring 167

SNMP network management 168

IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) network inventory and conﬁguration 168

User feedback 169

Managment and conﬁguration of IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) 71

Contents 171 Introduction 171 TM 3.1 ITG Engineering rules 171 TM 3.1 network setup guidelines 172 TM 3.1 remote access conﬁguration 172 TM 3.1 PC description 174 TM 3.1 PC hardware and software requirements 175

Hard drive requirements 176

Install and conﬁgure IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) node 177

Contents 177 Introduction 179 Before you begin 180 Installation procedure summary 181 ESN installation summary 183 Create the IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) Installation Summary Sheet 183 Channel Identiﬁer planning 184

Preferred ISL channel numbering 185

Incorrect ISL channel numbering plans 189 Install and cable IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) cards 190

Card installation procedure 190 Install NTCW84JA Large System I/O Panel 50-Pin ﬁlter adapter 194

Remove existing I/O panel ﬁlter adapter 194 Install NTMF94EA and NTCW84KA cables 196

Install the NTCW84KA cable (for DCHIP cards) 196

Install the NTMF94EA cable (for non-DCHIP cards) 197

Install shielded TLAN network interface cable 198

Install shielded ELAN network interface cable 199 D-channel cabling for the NT0961AA ITG-Pentium 24-Port trunk card 199

Required cables and ﬁlters for Large Systems 199 Conﬁgure NT6D80 MSDL switches 199 Install ﬁlter and NTND26 cable

for MSDL and DCHIPcards in Large System 200

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Install ﬁlter and NTND26 cable (for MSDL and DCHIP cards in different Large

System equipment rows) 202 Small System cable installation 203 Install the serial cable 204

Cabling for the Media Card 32-port trunk card 205

ELAN and TLAN network interfaces 205 ITG Card ELAN/TLAN Adapter (L-adapter) 206 RS-232 maintenance port 210 NTMF29BA DCHIP cable 211 DCHIP cable routing, Large Systems 212 DCHIP Cable Routing

Meridian 1 Option 11C Cabinet/CS 1000M Cabinet 213 Other components 214 Media Card 32-port trunk card modem connection 215

Conﬁgure IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) data 216

Conﬁgure the ISL D-channel on the system for the DCHIP card for IP Trunk

3.01 (and later) 216

Conﬁgure the ISL D-channel on the Meridian 1/CS 1000M for the DCHIP card

for IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) 219 Conﬁgure ISDN feature in Customer Data Block 220 Conﬁgure IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) TIE trunk routes 221 Conﬁgure Media Card 32-port and ITG-Pentium 24-port trunk cards and units for

IP Trunk Route 225

Conﬁgure dialing plans within the corporate network 228

Make the IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) the ﬁrst-choice, least-cost entry in the Route

List Block 228 Turn on Step Back on Congestion for the IP Trunk 3.0 (and later) trunk route 229 Turn off IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) route during peak trafﬁc periods on the IP data

network 229 ESN5 network signaling 229 Disable the Media Card 32-port and ITG-Pentium 24-port trunk cards 234

Conﬁgure IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) data in TM 3.1 234

Add an IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) node in TM 3.1 manually 235 Add an IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) node and conﬁgure general node

properties 235 Single vs. separate TLAN and ELAN subnets 237 Conﬁgure Network Connections 237 Conﬁgure card properties 239 Conﬁgure DSP proﬁles for the IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) node 242 Conﬁgure SNMP Traps/Routing and IP addresses tab 246 Conﬁgure Accounting server 249

Control node access with SNMP community name strings 250

Exit node property conﬁguration session 251 Create the IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) node dialing plan using TM 3.1 251

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Retrieve the IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) node dialing plan using TM 3.1 257

Transmit IP trunk card conﬁguration data from TM 3.1 to the IP trunk cards 259

Before conﬁguration data is transmitted 259 Conﬁgure the Leader 0 IP address 259 Backup Leader installation for IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) 261 Transmit the node properties, card properties and dialing plan to Leader 0 263 Verify installation and conﬁguration 265 Observe IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) status in TM 3.1 265 Transmit card properties and dialing plan to Leader 1 and Follower cards 267

Conﬁgure date and time for the IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) node 268 Change the default ITG shell password to maintain access security 269 Change default ESN5 preﬁx for non-ESN5 IP telephony gateways 270 Check and download IP trunk card software in TM 3.1 271

Transmit new software to the IP trunk cards 273 Upgrade the DCHIP PC Card 275

Conﬁgure TM 3.1 Alarm Management to receive SNMP traps from the IP trunk

cards 276

Make test calls to the remote nodes (ITG Trunk or IP Trunk) 279

Provisioning IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) in TM 3.1 281

Contents 281 Overview 281 Add a site and system 282

Add a site 282 Change an existing site 284 Delete a site 286 Add a system 289 Delete a system 299

Add an IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) node 301

Edit a node 311 Delete a node 316

Deﬁne the dialing plan information 318

Non-Gatekeeper-resolved (local) dialing plan 318 Gatekeeper-resolved endpoints 333

TM 3.1 OA and M using TM 3.1 applications 341

Contents 341 Introduction 342 TM 3.1 OA and M procedure summary 342

Delete a node 343 Delete an IP trunk card 343 Database locking 344 ITG Card Properties window 345 ITG Card Properties Maintenance window 345 ITG Card Properties Conﬁguration window 347

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DSP maintenance window 347 D-channel maintenance 348 Transmit conﬁguration data 348

Add an IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) node on TM 3.1 by retrieving an existing node 351

Retrieve and add an IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) node for administration

purposes 351

Retrieve and add an IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) node for maintenance and diagnostic

purposes 353 Conﬁguration audit 354 Retrieve IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) conﬁguration information from the IP Trunk

3.0 (and later) node 355

Schedule and generate and view IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) OM reports 356

System commands LD 32 360

Disable the indicated IP trunk card 361 Disable the indicated IP trunk card when idle 362 Enable an indicated IP trunk card 362 Disable an indicated IP trunk card port 362 Enable an indicated IP trunk card port 362 Display IP trunk card ID information 362 Display IP trunk card status 362 Display IP trunk card port status 363

OA and M using the ITG shell CLI and overlays 365

Contents 365 Introduction 366 ITG Shell OA and M procedure summary 366 Access the ITG shell through a maintenance port or Telnet 366

Connect a PC to the card maintenance port 367 Telnet to an IP trunk card through the TM 3.1 PC 368 Change the defaultITG shell password to maintain access security 369 Reset the default ITG shell password 370 Download the ITG operational measurements through the ITG shell 372 Reset the operational measurements 372 Display the number of DSPs 373 Display IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) node Properties 373 Display IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) Gatekeeper status 374 Transfer ﬁles through the Command Line Interface 375 Upgrade IP trunk card software using FTP 377 Backup and restore from the CLI 380 Recover the SNMP community names 381 IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) conﬁguration commands 382 Download the IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) error log 382

System commands LD 32 382

Disable the indicated IP trunk card 384

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Disable the indicated IP trunk card when idle 384 Enable an indicated IP trunk card 384 Disable an indicated IP trunk card port 384 Enable an indicated IP trunk card port 385 Display IP trunk card ID information 385 Display IP trunk card status 385 Display IP trunk card port status 385

Maintenance 387

Contents 387 Introduction 388 IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) IP trunk card alarms 389 System level maintenance 394

Access the IP trunk card 394 IP trunk card LD commands 395 TM 3.1 maintenance commands 396 Multi-purpose Serial Data Link (MSDL) commands 397 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) 397 TRACE and ALARM/LOG 398

ITG shell command set 398 IP trunk card self-tests 406

Card LAN 406 BIOS self-test 407 Base code self-test 407 Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) testing 407

Outgoing calls attempted/completed mismatch 407 IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) upgrades 408

Application upgrade 408 Maintenance or bug ﬁx upgrade 408 Patching tool 408 Flash storage upgrades 412 Software upgrade mechanisms 412

Replace an IP trunk card 414

Determine IP trunk card software release 417 Transmit card properties and dialing plan 417

Backup and restore procedures 418

IP trunk card 418 TM 3.1 418 Command Line Interface 418

Fault clearance procedures 419

DSP failure 419 Card failure 419 DCH failure 420

Media Card 32-port trunk card faceplate maintenance display codes 421

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ITG-Pentium 24-port trunk card faceplate maintenance display codes 423 System performance under heavy load 426

Message: PRI241 426 Message: MSDL0304 427 Message: BUG4005 427 Message: BUG085 428

Appendix A Patches and advisements 429

Contents 429 Introduction 429 IP Trunk 3.00.53 patches 429

MPLR17662 429 MPLR17346 429

IP Trunk 3.01.22 patches 430

MPLR18142 430 MPLR18157 430

Interoperability with IP Trunk 3.01 (MPLR17662 patch) 430

Appendix B Cable description and NT8D81BA cable

replacement 433

Contents 433 Introduction 433 NTMF94EA ELAN, TLAN and Serial Port cable 434 NTCW84KA ELAN, TLAN, DCH and serial cable 435 NTAG81CA Faceplate Maintenance cable 437 NTAG81BA Maintenance Extender cable 438 NTCW84EA DCH PC Card pigtail cable 439 NTMF04BA MSDL extension cable 441 NTCW84LA and NTCW84MA upgrade cables 442 Prevent ground loops on connection to external customer LAN equipment 444 Replace cable NT8D81BA with NT8D81AA 445 Tools list 447 Remove the NT8D81BA cable 447

Install NTCW84JA ﬁlter and NT8D81AA cable 448

Appendix C Environmental and electrical regulatory data 449

Contents 449 Environmental speciﬁcations 449

Mechanical conditions 450

Electrical regulatory standards 450

Safety 451 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) 452

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Appendix D Subnet mask conversion from CIDR to dotted

decimal format 455

Appendix E CLI commands 457 Appendix F Conﬁgure a Netgear RM356 modem router for

remote access 459

Contents 459 Introduction 459 Security features of the RM356 modem router 460 Install the RM356 modem router 460

Conﬁgure the TM 3.1 PC to communicate with a remote system site through a

modem router 461

Conﬁgure the RM356 modem router through the manager menu 461

RM356 modem router manager menu (application notes on the ELAN subnet

installation) 465

Appendix G Upgrade an ITG Trunk 1.0 node to support ISDN

signaling trunks 471

Contents 471 Upgrade procedure summary 472 Before you begin 472 Install the DCHIP hardware upgrade kit 474

Install the DCHIP I/O Panel breakout cable from the upgrade kit 475

Upgrade the ITG 8-port trunk card ITG basic trunk software to ITG/ISL trunk

software 476 Step 1 - Remove ITG Trunk 1.0 conﬁguration ﬁles 476 Step 2 - Transmit ITG Trunk 2.0 software to the ITG 8-port trunk cards 478

Remove ITG Trunk 1.0 conﬁguration data from Meridian 1 480 Conﬁgure the Meridian 1 ITG/ISL trunk data 481

Upgrade considerations 481

Verify ROM-BIOS version 483 Upgrade Troubleshooting 483

TM 3.1 cannot refresh view (card not responding) 483 How to upgrade software using the ITG shell 483

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How to Get Help

This chapter explains how to get help for Nortel products and services.

Getting help from the Nortel web site

The best way to get technical support for Nortel products is from the Nortel Technical Support web site:

ttp://www.nortel.com/support

This site provides quick access to software, documentation, bulletins, and tools to address issues with Nortel products. From this site, you can:

•

download software, documentation, and product bulletins

•

search the Technical Support Web site and the Nortel Knowledge Base for answers to technical issues

• sign up for automatic notiﬁcation of new software and documentation for Nortel equipment

•

open and manage technical support cases

Getting help over the telephone from a Nortel Solutions Center

If you do not ﬁnd the information you require on the Nortel Technical Support web site, and you have a Nortel support contract, you can also get help over the telephone from a Nortel Solutions Center.

In North America, call 1-800-4NORTEL (1-800-466-7835). Outside North America, go to the following web site to obtain the telephone

number for your region:

ttp://www.nortel.com/callus

Getting help from a specialist by using an Express Routing Code

To access some Nortel Technical Solutions Centers, you can use an Express Routing Code (ERC) to quickly route your call to a specialist in your Nortel product or service. To locate the ERC for your product or service, go to:

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http://www.nortel.com/erc

Getting help through a Nortel distributor or re-seller

If you purchased a service contract for your Nortel product from a distributor or authorized re-seller, contact the technical support staff for that distributor or re-seller.

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Overview of IP Trunk 3.01

This section contains information on the following topics:

"Introduction" (page 19) "Startup and registration" (page 23) "IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) and CS 1000S/CS 1000M" (page 25)

"Codec selection" (page 27)

"IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) requirements" (page 27)

"Package requirements" (page 27) "OTM 2.1" (page 28)

"Interoperability with the ITG 8-port trunk card" (page 28)

Introduction

The IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) software application is an Internet Telephony Gateway (ITG) trunk software application that maintains the functionality of ITG Trunk 2.x using Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN).

IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) allows networks with Meridian 1 IP-enabled systems to add a CS 1000 system to the existing IP Telephony network. This increases the range of system options to provide enterprise-wide telephony services.

IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) provides call-routing ﬂexibility and survivability. Even with a Signaling Server acting as a centralized authority for routing IP Telephone calls, IP Trunk can make some call-routing decisions locally. This can be done for one of the following reasons:

•

It can maintain at least a minimum level of service in the unlikely event that all Signaling Servers on the network are unreachable.

•

It can maintain the existing functionality within a pre-existing ITG Trunk network that was upgraded to IP Trunk 3.01 (and later).

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20 Overview of IP Trunk 3.01

In addition to routing IP Telephony calls with locally conﬁgured call-routing options, IP Trunk 3.01 takes advantage of the centralized IP Telephony call routing of an H.323 Gatekeeper residing on a Signaling Server elsewhere on the network.

The H.323 Gatekeeper allows or denies access to IP network gateways. It also provides address analysis to ﬁnd the destination gateway or device. A gateway is a device that translates circuit-switched signaling into H.323 signaling and translates circuit-switched bit stream user data into packetized user data to enable the data to be delivered across an IP network. IP Trunk

3.01 (and later) provides IP access between the Meridian 1/CS 1000M

system and the IP network carrying voice trafﬁc. IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) interworks with ITG Trunk 2.x, but not with ITG

Trunk 1.0. For ITG Trunk 1.0 to interwork with IP Trunk 3.01 (and later), upgrade ITG Trunk 1.0 to ITG Trunk 2.0. See Appendix "Upgrade an ITG

Trunk 1.0 node to support ISDN signaling trunks" (page 471).

IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) interworks with a CS 1000M system, which fulﬁls the role of a Gatekeeper. The Gatekeeper uses directly-routed calls. See

"Directly-routed calls" (page 22). Using H.323 Registration and Admission

Signaling (RAS), IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) registers with the Gatekeeper, if provisioned to do so. IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) then processes calls by scanning its directory number information and routes unresolved calls to the Gatekeeper.

For a Meridian 1 system to interwork with a CS 1000M system, the following requirements must be met:

•

The ITG-Pentium 24-port trunk card and the Media Card 32-port trunk card must be upgraded to IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) software. This upgrade supports MCDN features and Gatekeeper registration. As well as this document, see Telephony Manager 3.1 System Administration (NN43050-601) for more information on installing, upgrading, and upgrading IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) parameters.

•

The IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) node must be conﬁgured to register with the CS 1000M Gatekeeper. Refer to "Gatekeeper-resolved endpoints"

(page 333) and to Telephony Manager 3.1 System Administration

(NN43050-601) for more information on how to conﬁgure the IP Trunk

3.01 (and later) options.

IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) is subordinate to the Gatekeeper for all calls that require Gatekeeper intervention. This means that the IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) node performs the following actions:

•

registers with the Gatekeeper

•

requests admission

•

accepts the reply

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•

handles the call based on the return message from the Gatekeeper

IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) accesses additional devices through the Gatekeeper. It is no longer necessary to individually provision the entire mesh at each IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) node. Instead, the calls go to the Gatekeeper, which provides the IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) application with the correct destination for the call. See Figure 1 "IP Trunk 3.01 (and later)

architecture" (page 21).

Figure 1 IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) architecture

Introduction 21

IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) uses the Meridian 1/CS 1000M core switch as the primary driver, which sends ISDN messages through the ISDN Signaling Link (ISL) to the IP trunk card for IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) processing. IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) tandems the Meridian 1/CS 1000M core switch to the IP network, providing point-to-multipoint connection.

Alternatively, depending on the provisioning and the requested destination, if a call cannot be resolved locally, IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) can interwork with the Gatekeeper to identify the destination node before routing directly to that destination.

Two types of calls can be routed through interworking with the Gatekeeper: directly-routed calls and Gatekeeper-routed calls.

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Directly-routed calls

In directly-routed calls, the Gatekeeper returns the IP address of the call’s actual destination.

Figure 2 "Directly-routed call" (page 22) on Figure 2 "Directly-routed call" (page 22) represents a directly-routed call. Once the destination IP address

is obtained, the originator sends the call directly to the destination node.

Figure 2 Directly-routed call

WARNING

The only Gatekeeper that IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) ofﬁcially supports is the CS 1000M Gatekeeper. Gatekeeper calls made between the CS 1000M system and IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) are directly-routed calls.

Gatekeeper-routed calls

In Gatekeeper-routed calls, the Gatekeeper returns the Gatekeeper’s IP address and port as both the destination for the originating call and the originator for the destination, rather than the end-point address and port.

Figure 3 "Gatekeeper-routed call" (page 23) represents a Gatekeeper-routed

call. The destination IP address provided by the Gatekeeper is the Gatekeeper’s IP address. All messages are routed through the Gatekeeper.

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Figure 3 Gatekeeper-routed call

Startup and registration 23

Startup and registration

On system startup, the IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) Leader card is established, based on whether the primary and backup Leaders come up, in what sequence, and how quickly. This operation remains unchanged from prior releases. It provides all necessary information to the follower cards.

Part of the information in the Dial Plan table is the Gatekeeper registration information, which includes three main ﬁelds: the local node H.323 identiﬁer (node name), a ﬂag indicating registration handling, and a third ﬁeld for future development.

The registration handling has two potential ﬂag values as follows:

•

0 – Register the IP addresses of all cards (Leader 0, Leader 1, and Follower cards) in the IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) node.

•

1 – Each card must register individually, if required. When registering with a CS 1000M Gatekeeper, IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) registers only the node address. No other IP addresses are sent to the Gatekeeper in the Registration Request (RRQ) message.

The ﬂag value is ignored when the provisioned Gatekeeper is a CS 1000M Gatekeeper.

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24 Overview of IP Trunk 3.01

On startup, if the IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) Leader is provisioned to use a Gatekeeper, it seeks out and locates the Gatekeeper using RAS signalling and then registers with the Gatekeeper using an RRQ. As part of the registration process, the IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) Leader registers using the registration handling ﬂag to determine how to proceed.

The Gatekeeper and IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) re-register on a regular basis, based on the Time To Live (TTL) conﬁgured for the IP path.

The Gatekeeper is the ﬁnal authority on the TTL values. The Gatekeeper can override the provisioned value of IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) and require the IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) gateway to change its TTL value to match that required by the Gatekeeper.

Depending on the Gatekeeper type (for example, Gatekeepers other than CS 1000M), if the Gatekeeper ﬂag in the dial plan ﬁle indicates the need for multiple IP Trunk 3.01 card IP addresses (ﬂag value = 0), the all IP addresses for the node. These additional IP addresses are reserved exclusively for calls to the Gatekeeper. By sending all the IP addresses in the RRQ, the Gatekeeper is able to determine the origin of the admission requests. These addresses are used when the Gatekeeper considers the endpointIdentiﬁer sent to the gateway in the RRQ conﬁrmation to be insufﬁcient to conﬁrm that the Admission Request (ARQ) belongs to a gateway registered with that Gatekeeper. The Gatekeeper rejects any ARQ from an unknown end-point.

RRQ includes

CS 1000M requires an endpointIdentiﬁer match and does not care about the IP addresses. Therefore, the Gatekeeper ﬂag is unnecessary for CS 1000M.

On startup, the message ﬂow between the IP trunk card serving as the IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) Active Leader and the Gatekeeper is as follows:

1. Gatekeeper Request (GRQ) – From the Active Leader to the Gatekeeper, using the provisioned Gatekeeper IP address. The Optivity Telephony Manager (TM 3.1) conﬁguration indicates where the IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) node must look for its Gatekeeper, but this is not necessarily the actual Gatekeeper address the node uses for call processing.

Some Gatekeepers use a "virtual IP address" to screen the fact that the Gatekeeper with which the gateway registers has internal standby controllers. In this case, the request might go to a Gatekeeper server that determines the correct virtual IP address. The Gatekeeper’s internal Message Forwarding process sends the messages to the current active Gatekeeper node.

CS 1000M do not require a Gatekeeper Request from IP Trunk 3.01 (and later); therefore, no Request or Conﬁrm is sent.

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IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) and CS 1000M 25

2. Gatekeeper Conﬁrm (GCF) – From the Gatekeeper to the Active Leader,with the functional Gatekeeper IP address. This address is used for all call control messaging and registration messages between the IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) cards and the Gatekeeper.

3. Gatekeeper Registration Request (RRQ) – From the Active Leader to the Gatekeeper, with all of the node’s IP addresses.

IP addresses are only sent if required. A CS 1000M does not require all IP addresses, so the IP addresses are not sent.

4. Gatekeeper Register Conﬁrm (RCF) – From the Gatekeeper to the Active Leader, providing the TTL prior to a re-registration attempt by the leader and indicating under what conditions admission requests are needed.

Typically, the TTL is in minutes. The default IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) value, if no response from the Gatekeeper is received, is 300 seconds. However, the Gatekeeper can enforce a shorter interval in seconds or tens of seconds. The standards allow seconds from 1 to (232) –1.

Recommendation

Nortel recommends that the TTL be provisioned in the 30- to 60-second range.

The IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) node must perform a "keep-alive" re-registration prior to the expiry of the timer on the Gatekeeper. When the Gatekeeper timer expires, a full registration is needed.

IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) and CS 1000M

The CS 1000M systems use virtual trunking (IP Peer Networking) to inter-operate with the IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) nodes. However, the CS 1000M can be a Gatekeeper for the system.

When IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) is part of a network with a Signaling Server acting as a central control point, it is able to take partial advantage of a feature known as IP Peer Networking. IP Peer Networking eliminates the multiple conversions between IP and non-IP circuits, increasing call routing efﬁciency and overall voice quality. Many calls involving an IP Peer endpoint and one or more IP Trunk endpoints can use this capability. However, calls that use only IP Trunk facilities, and a small subset of calls involving both IP Trunk and IP Peer, cannot obtain this beneﬁt.

IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) supports Gatekeeper Registration and Admission Signaling (RAS) and Call Admission Signaling. IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) interworks with CS 1000M, which fulﬁlls the role of a Gatekeeper. Using H.323 RAS, IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) uses RAS Messaging to register with the Gatekeeper if provisioned to do so. IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) then processes calls by scanning its Directory Number (DN) information. If the

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26 Overview of IP Trunk 3.01

call is not resolved using the local Address Translation Protocol Module (ATPM) and IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) is registered with a Gatekeeper, then IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) routes the call to the Gatekeeper.

The IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) node is subordinate to the Gatekeeper for all calls requiring the Gatekeeper. The IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) node registers with the Gatekeeper according to H.323 protocol, requests admission, accepts the reply according to H.323 protocol, and handles the call based on the returned message from the Gatekeeper.

A CS 1000M node consists of two components:

•

Call Server – used for call control of CS 1000M gateways

•

Signaling Server – used for protocol analysis

The CS 1000M Gatekeeper accepts the registration of multiple IP trunk cards implicitly in a single RRQ. This means that all Follower cards are registered at the same time as the Leader card, because the CS 1000M node returns an endpointIdentiﬁer assigned by the Gatekeeper to that node. Later, a request to establish a call to a Gatekeeper-controlled endpoint receives in the response the enpointIdentiﬁer of the endpoints that was provided at registration.

The CS 1000M gateways interwork with the IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) gateway resident function which generates the FACILITY redirect. The FACILITY redirect is used when calls terminate at an IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) node. The CS 1000M gateways do not use this redirection themselves.

Other Gatekeepers accept the FACILITY redirect and registration of multiple IP trunk cards in a single RRQ; that is, the Followers are registered with, and at the same time as, the Leader.

IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) interworks with the CS 1000M systems and IP Peer Networking. As CS 1000M and IP Peer Networking use MCDN only, the only applicable protocol is MCDN. IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) uses the "interoperability format" of the non-standard data with IP Peer Networking and all other gateways accessible through CS 1000M.

When IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) inter-operates with itself, with ITG Trunk

2.x.25, or with BCM 2.5 FP1, the IP Peer Networking CS 1000M Gatekeeper

is not required. The existing ITG Trunk 2.1 node-based dialing plan is converted automatically to IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) by .

There are no direct media paths between the Meridian 1 telephones and the CS 1000M telephones. There are direct paths between the IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) IP trunk cards and the CS 1000M telephones.

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Loss plans and pad values

When the IP Trunk card is in a CS 1000 system, it can take advantage of the Dynamic Loss Plan developed for the IP Peer product. This allows the system core to inform the IP Trunk card of the correct pad levels to be used. As with IP Peer, it also allows the creation of a custom table when the environment requires one.

When using Dynamic Loss Plan, the node must be provisioned to have a default loss plan pad of 0 in both the transmit and receive directions. This allows a 0 transmit and receive level when the IP Trunk has a tandem to another trunk device, improving voice quality.

Codec selection

A CS 1000M network is generally designed for use with a G.711 Codec. In cases where minimizing bandwidth usage in a CS 1000M network is a consideration, G.729 might be used.

Nortel recommends provisioning G.711 Codec in IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) and in all other network equipment to facilitate communication with CS 1000M.

IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) requirements 27

Recommendation

IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) requirements

IP Trunk 3.01 requires a minimum of Release 25.15 software. To interwork with the CS 1000M Gatekeeper, CS 1000 Release 3.0 software (or later) is required.

Package requirements

Table 1 "IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) package requirements" (page 28) lists the

package requirements for the IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) application. Unlike ITG Trunk 2.0, Q-Signaling protocol (QSIG) support is not required in

IP Trunk 3.01 (and later), though it is available for Large Systems. Meridian 1 Option 11C Cabinet, CS 1000M Cabinet, Meridian 1 PBX 11C Chassis, and CS 1000M Chassis do not support QSIG signaling. Therefore, the Multi-purpose Serial Data Link (MSDL), applicable only to Large Systems, is recommended but not mandatory; the earlier D-channel interface cards can provide Meridian Customer Deﬁned Network (MCDN) ISDN Signaling Link (ISL). QSIG and MSDL are incompatible for feature transport. If both

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QSIG and MSDL are conﬁgured on the network, this can cause the loss of features such as Name Display, Ring Again, and Transfer Notiﬁcation and subsequent path simpliﬁcation operations.

Table 1 IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) package requirements

Package Name

BARS

NARS

CDP

ISDN

ISL

NTWK

FNP

Package Number

145

147

148

160

Package description

Basic Alternate Route Selection

Network Alternate Route Selection

Coordinated Dialing Plan Required if Dialing Plan used.

ISDN Base Mandatory. No D-channel can exist

ISDN Signaling Link Mandatory. ISL cannot exist without

Advanced ISDN Network Services

Flexible Numbering Plan Required if Dialing Plan used.

Comments

Package 57 and/or 58 is required.

If the configuration restricts NARS, use CDP to obtain private network dialing. CDP can also co-exist with NARS.

without this package.

this package. Without ISL, the Meridian 1/CS 1000M to IP Trunk D-channel cannot be provisioned.

Required if Networking Services used.

When the configuration allows CDP, FNP is recommended, but not mandatory.

MSDL

222

Multipurpose Serial Data Link

Recommended for MSDL on Large systems.

TM 3.1

TM 3.1 is required to conﬁgure and maintain IP Trunk 3.01 (and later).

Interoperability with the ITG 8-port trunk card

Telephone calls can be made between IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) and ITG Trunk 2.x.

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System description

This section contains information on the following topics:

"IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) application" (page 31) "System requirements" (page 32) "Hardware components for IP Trunk 3.01 (and later)" (page 34) "Ordering rules and guidelines" (page 36)

"Ordering rules for an IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) node" (page 36) "Ordering rules for IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) node expansion" (page 37) "Sparing ratios for IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) components" (page 37)

"IP trunk card description" (page 38)

"Card roles" (page 39) "Card combinations" (page 43)

"Interactions among card functions" (page 44)

"ITG-Pentium 24-port trunk card (NT0961AA)" (page 46)

"Description" (page 46) "Faceplate indicators, controls, and interfaces" (page 47) "Backplane interfaces" (page 50) "Assembly description" (page 50)

"Media Card 32-port trunk card (NTVQ01BB)" (page 51)

"Description" (page 51) "Assembly description" (page 53) "Faceplate indicators and interfaces" (page 53)

"Backplane interfaces" (page 54) "Installation guidelines" (page 55) "Software delivery" (page 55) "Replacing a CompactFlash PC Card (C:/ drive)" (page 56)

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"Software upgrade" (page 59) "Interoperability with earlier versions of ITG Trunk" (page 60) "Fax Tone Detection Configuration" (page 61) "ISDN Signaling Link" (page 61) "ISDN Signaling Link" (page 61)

"Dialing plans" (page 64)

"Quality of Service" (page 70)

"Inter-card signaling paths" (page 64)

"Multi-node configuration" (page 65)

"North American dialing plan" (page 66)

"Flexible Numbering Plan" (page 66)

"Electronic Switched Network (ESN5) network signaling" (page 67)

"Echo cancellation" (page 67)

"Speech Activity Detection" (page 69)

"DTMF Through Dial" (page 69)

"Quality of Service parameters" (page 71)

"Network performance utilities" (page 72)

"E-Model" (page 73) "Fallback to alternate facilities" (page 74)

"Triggering fallback to alternate trunk facilities" (page 74)

"Fallback in IP Trunk 3.01 (and later)" (page 75)

"Return to the IP network" (page 76) "Type of Service" (page 76) "Fax support" (page 78) "Remote Access" (page 79) "Per-call statistics support using RADIUS Client" (page 80)

"Configuration" (page 80)

"Messaging" (page 81) "SNMP MIB" (page 82)

"MIB-2 support" (page 82)

"IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) SNMP agent" (page 83) "Codec profiles" (page 84)

"G.711" (page 84)

"G.729AB" (page 84)

"G.729B" (page 84)

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