Nokia M1122, T66280 User Manual

Nokia M1122

ADSL Routerā

T66280

USER MANUAL

M1122

ADSL Router

User Manual

C33906.21 A0

25.08.2000

1 Introduction to Nokia M1122

Nokia M1122 is an integrated ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber
Line) bridge and router which enables high-speed Internet access from
your Ethernet local area network (LAN). It multiplies the capacity of
the already installed telephone lines used traditionally for telephone
and dial-up modem services. M1122 brings high-speed connections
available for home users, small offices and telecommuters. An in-built
4-port hub allows easy home and small office network installation.

Figure 1 Nokia M1122

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2 Installing M1122

Before you install M1122 you may want to familiarise yourself with
the interfaces and indicator lights of M1122. From section 2.3 you will
find a step-by-step installation procedure, which shows the physical
installation of M1122.

2.1 Interfaces

M1122 has one ADSL line interface and four LAN interfaces
(10Base-T Ethernet). It also has a local management interface (CLI)
for management purposes. The ADSL line interface is compatible with
ITU-T G.992.1 specification.

Power switch

Mains connector

Command line interface (CLI)

Figure 2 M1122 back panel

2.2 Indicator lights

M1122 has eight indicator lights on the front panel: PWR, STA, COL,
ETH-1, ETH-2, ETH-3, ETH-4, and DSL. ST A indicator is red. Other
indicators are green.

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Ethernet ports
(ETH-1, ETH-2,
ETH-3, ETH-4)

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ADSL line (DSL)

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Figure 3 M1122 front panel indicators

DSL

GREEN

Off ADSL link is down.
Blinks ADSL connection is being established.
On ADSL link is up.

ETH-

GREEN

Off Ethernet is down.
On 10Base-T Ethernet is functional
Blinks Receives traffic from Ethernet.

COL

GREEN

Blinks Collisions on the Ethernet. Note, that it is normal that some

collisions occur on the Ethernet.

STA

RED

Off OK
On Hardware malfunction during startup.

PWR

Off Power off.
On Power on.

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GREEN

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2.3 Step-by-step installation procedure

splitter

Figure 4 M1122 with cables and splitter (T66270) connected

(Telephone and ADSL services)

1. Plug the mains power cord to a mains outlet.

2. Switch on M1 122. The PWR indicator lights up. After a while, the
red STA indicator blinks and then remains unlit. M1122 is now
functional.

3. Connect the Ethernet cable between your PC’s 10Base-T
connector and the Ethernet connector on the M1122 back panel
(ETH-1, ETH-2, ETH-3, or ETH-4).

4. Switch on your PC. The indicator corresponding the Ethernet port
you connected your PC to becomes green when your PC has
started. This indicator blinks when there is traffic in the
corresponding Ethernet port.

5. Connect the ADSL line cable between the DSL connector on the
M1122 back panel and ADSL line wall socket. If you want to use
ADSL and telephone services simultaneously , connect the splitter
according to Figure 4. After a while, the DSL indicator starts
blinking. This indicates that the ADSL line is being established.
When the DSL indicator remains lit, the line is functional.

6. During normal operation PWR and DSL indicators are lit and the
Ethernet indicators of the active Ethernet ports blink or are lit
depending whether there is traffic or not. COL indicator may blink
occasionally during normal operation.

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Now, your M1122 has been connected and you can check the
connections according to your service provider’s instructions.

3 Configuring M1122

Your service provider has configured your M1122 for the service. Do
not change settings unless specifically asked by your service
provider. You can change M1122 settings with an ordinary web

browser such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator.
Use a PC connected to an ETH port of M1 122 for configuration. In this

case the corresponding ETH indicator should be lit.

3.1 Browser management

You can use your PC’s web browser software to access the web
configuration pages in M1122. To access the web pages you must
know the IP address of your M1122 or, alternatively, the “name” that
your M1122 recognises.

Note

Before using your web browser for configuration, you must know the
IP address or the name assigned to your M1122.

There are three ways to find out whether to use a name or an IP
address:

D Your service provider has given you an IP address for M1122.
D Y our M1 122 uses Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

and Domain Name Server. In this case the name is M1122.

D Y our M1 122 uses DHCP . In this case run winipcfg.exe (W indows

95) or ipconfig.exe (Windows NT). The IP address of M1122 is the
Default Gateway address shown by the ipconfig program.

3.1.1 Opening a connection

To open a connection to the Nokia M1122:

1. Start your web browser .

2. Enter the name (’M1122’) or IP address of your Nokia M1122 in
the browser’s Location or Address field and press Enter.

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3. Type in the username/password as requested. If no
username/password is required, just click OK to proceed. The
Nokia M1122 Main Page appears.

3.1.2 Main Page

Main Page is shown first when you use a web browser to connect to
M1122. The list on the left shows the current page highlighted.
Clicking an item on the list (Service Providers, Local Network,
Statistics, Restart, and Save Config) takes you to the corresponding
page.

Note

When you make modifications to the configuration, remember to save
the configuration and restart your M1122 for your changes to take
effect.

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Figure 5 Main Page

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The Main Page shows you the statuses of the DSL line and the Ethernet
interfaces. Software and hardware versions and the serial number of
M1122 are shown in the bottom of the page.

3.1.3 Service Providers pages

The Service Pr oviders page can be used to set authentication for A TM
VCCs with PPP encapsulation (Figure 6). You can set the

Authentication method and the corresponding Username and
Password. You can also view Network connection information in the

bottom of the page. If you are using PPTP encapsulation, you can
change the name of the connection through the Service Providers page
(Figure 7).

Figure 6 Service Providers page with PPP configuration

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Figure 7 Service Providers page with PPTP configuration

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3.1.4 Local Network pages

The Local Network page as four sub pages: Local ports, DHCP, NAPT,
and Routing.

Local ports

On the Local Network Local Ports sub page you can assign an IP
address to the Ethernet ports.

Note

When you click Apply, the IP addresses are changed immediately. If
the IP address of the interface you are using changes the connection
will be lost. You have to reconfigure the IP address of the accessing
host. For example, in Windows programs winipcfg.exe or
ipconfig.exe must be used first to release the old address and then to
renew to request new address.

Figure 8 Local Network Local Ports page

DHCP

On the Local Network DHCP subpage you can enable/disable
Dynamic Host Control Protocol and set the Address ranges from
which the addresses are distributed to the DHCP clients on your
network. You can also set the Domain Name Server addresses here.

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Start address is the first address in the address range. The Range size
defines how many addresses the range contains. Subnet mask is the
subnet mask of the addresses in the range. Primary and Secondary
DNSs set the domain name servers for the corresponding address
range. Lease time defines how often the DHCP client must renew its
lease. Domain name defines the domain name for the range.

The DHCP server can be enabled towards LAN and VBRIDGE
(gateway interface) ports. When the DHCP server is enabled, up to two
scopes (address ranges) are automatically generated and bound to
LAN/VBRIDGE interfaces, in this order if the interface has an IP
address. Two separate address ranges can be used if more than 253
addresses are required on the local subnet, if two non-contiguous
ranges are needed or if an additional router with a DHCP relay is used
on the local network. In Figure 9, scope (a) is has been bound to
Ethernet interface and scope (b) to VBRIDGE interface. When the
address ranges are not defined, M1122 uses the default values for all
DHCP parameters. The default values are:

D Start address is the interface IP address
D Subnet mask 255.255.255.0
D Range size of up to 253 addresses starting from the interface IP

address.

D DNS address is the interface IP address
D Lease time is 60 minutes
D Domain name is null string

If at least one address range has been defined, then IP address, DNS,
domain name and lease time, if defined, override the default values.

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Figure 9 Local Network DHCP page

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NAPT

If Network Address Port Translation (NAPT) has been activated,
servers on your local network are not visible outside your network. On
NAPT page, you can configure pinholes through which you can
provide outside access to your web server from the Internet, for
example.

In the example shown in Figure 10, a pinhole has been added on the
Server list. This example means that all TCP traffic coming from the
Internet through VCC1 to ports 80...89 will be mapped to the IP
address 192.168.1.15 ports 90...99 on your local network.

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Figure 10 Local Network NAPT page

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Routing page

On the Local Network Routing sub page you can set static routes and
enable/disable dynamic routing protocols (Routing Information
Protocol version 1 and 2).

T o enable dynamic routing to a particular interface select the Routing
protocol version from the pull-down list and click the Apply button.
RIP versions 1 and 2 are supported. Send v1-compat. v2 option enables
the sending of RIPv2 packets using broadcast. Receive v1-compat. v2
option enables the receiving of both RIPv1 and RIPv2 packets.

To add a static route, type in the Destination network IP address, the

Subnet mask of the destination network, and the Gateway and the
Interface through which the destination network can be reached. Then
click the Add new button. There are two static routes in Figure 11.

Figure 11 Local Network Routing page

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3.1.5 Statistics page

The Statistics page lets you view a selection of M1122 statistics. to
view statistics of a particular function, click the corresponding button
and the statistics view is opened on a separate window.

Figure 12 Statistics page

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3.1.6 Restart page

On the Restart page, you can reset subsystems and restart M1122.

Figure 13 Restart page

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3.1.7 Save Config page

When you change the configuration, all configuration changes are
activated immediately without restart/reload. However, the
configuration will not be saved into the nonvolatile memory . If M1122
is restarted or powered down without saving the configuration, the old
configuration will be restored. Clicking the Save configuration button
saves the configuration into the nonvolatile memory and the old
configuration cannot be restored through the web interface.

Figure 14 Save Config page

4 Features

M1122 can operate as a bridge and/or Internet Protocol (IP) router
between Ethernet and the virtual channels of ADSL/ATM interfaces
supporting both dynamic and static routing.

4.1 Interfaces

M1122 has the following interfaces:

D Four Ethernet interfaces (LAN)
D 8 ATM VCC interfaces
D ATM VCC management interface

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D Gateway/bridge management interface. This interface is used as a

bridge host interface or gateway interface depending on the
operation mode. In this manual it is called VBRIDGE. On the
M1122 web pages, the interface is called gateway or bridge IP
interface.

M1122 can operate in four different main modes:

D Bridging only
D Routing/tunneling IP only
D Routing/tunneling IP, bridging all but IP
D Routing/tunneling IP and bridging all, including IP

The mode in which M1122 operates depends on the configuration of
the unit’s interfaces.

LAN interface

LAN interface can be configured to bridge and route packets. There are
three different operational modes in the LAN interface:

D Bridging only; only bridging is activated in the interface. In this

case the interface bridges all protocols.

D Routing only; only IP address is configured in the interface. In this

case, the interface routes IP packets.

D Bridging and routing; Bridging is activated in the interface and IP

address is configured in the interface. In this case, the interface
routes IP packets and bridges all other packets.

Internal host/gateway interface

There is a special host/gateway logical IP interface within M1122
called VBRIDGE. This interface has a specific purpose in M1122. In
applications where some ATM virtual channel connections are used
for bridging IP traffic and some other ATM virtual channel
connections are used for routing IP traffic, the VBRIDGE interface
must be used instead of LAN IP addresses. Alternatively , this interface
is used in bridge only application when the IP address is required for
remote management purposes.

Data VCC operation

M1122 supports the following encapsulations in each ATM data
virtual channel individually:

D RFC2684 LLC encapsulation for bridged IP (ETH-LLC)
D RFC2684 LLC encapsulation for routed IP (IP-LLC)

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D RFC2364 Virtual circuit multiplexed PPP over AAL5 (PPP-VC)
D RFC2364 Virtual circuit multiplexed PPP over AAL5 used to

tunnel LAN/VBRIDGE PPTP packets
(TUNNELED-PPP-VC)

If an IP address is given to a virtual channel interface and bridging is
enabled at that interface, then IP data at that interface is routed and all
other protocols are bridged. The only encapsulation which allows both
bridging and routing simultaneously is ETH-LLC. For example, it is
possible to route ETH-LLC encapsulated packets and at the same time
bridge, for example, PPPoE packets (PPPoE packets are transported
directly over Ethernet frame, not within IP packets).

4.2 Routing

Routing is based on routing entries in a routing table. Static routes are
added via the management interface and dynamic routing is done using
RIP and RIPv2. Routing is done between the Ethernet 10Base-T
interface and the virtual channel connection (VCC) of the A TM/ADSL
interface. M1122 supports up to 8 simultaneous VCCs.

M1122 supports IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) proxy
receive function for IP multicast applications.

4.3 Bridging

Bridging is supported to provide full protocol transparency. Bridging
can be used simultaneously with IP routing. M1122 works as a
self-learning bridge supporting up to 1024 MAC addresses. Bridging
is done between the Ethernet 10Base-T interface and each ATM VCC
interface. Optionally , the bridging between the VCCs can be disabled.

4.4 Network Address Port Translation

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M1122 supports Network Address Port Translation (NAPT) for
TCP/IP , UDP/IP and ICMP/IP protocols. When NAPT is used, a single
IP address is allocated to a VCC which leads to the public IP network.
The Ethernet subnet has private IP addressing and is not visible to the
VCC. NAPT translates the IP source address and source port number
dynamically to the VCC IP address and port number. Similarly,
packets coming from the VCC are mapped back to the original
destination addresses. NAPT allows up to hundreds of hosts to share a

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single VCC IP address to the public network. The principle of Network
Address Port Translation is presented in Figure 15.

Home network (LAN) Internet (WAN)

src:192.168.1.112:1228
dst:194.112.11.111:80

src:194.112.11.111:80
dst:192.168.1.112:1228

NAPT router

192.168.1.254

src:195.112.12.161:50001
dst:194.112.11.111:80

src:194.112.11.111:80
dst:195.112.12.161:50001

195.112.12.161

Figure 15 Principle of Network Address Port Translation

NAPT may restrict the operation of some IP applications. NAPT also
operates as a simple IP firewall because translation is only allowed
when the first packet is transmitted from the LAN. This means that the
NAPT table entry is created only when a packet is sent from the home
network to the Internet. With server support capability, the user can
add static entries to the NAPT table allowing the translation always in
both directions. This capability is used to add servers (HTTP, NNTP,
and FTP), which are visible to the public IP network via the VCC, on
the LAN subnet.

NAPT supports most IP-based protocols. Because NAPT operates on
the IP and transport layer , the application that includes IP address and
port within the payload will not work properly through NAPT . In many
cases, these applications can be passed through the NAPT using
Application Layer Gateway functionality (ALG). M1 122 has ALG for
the following protocols/applications:

D ICMP
D FTP
D H.323 including NetMeeting
D CUSeeMe
D PPTP
D IRC
D IPSEC ESP tunnel mode and IKE

Note, that most IPSEC implementations will fail when passed through
NAPT. A typical reason is that the identification may fail if the
identification is based on IP address. Also, only tunnel mode without
Authentication Header (AH) works.

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4.5 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

M1122 can act as a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
server for the PCs on the end-user home network. In this mode, M1122
can assign up to 253+253 consecutive addresses from two separate
address ranges (that is, 253 consecutive addresses per address range)
to the PCs on the home network. Two separate address ranges can be
used if more than 253 addresses are required on the local subnet, if two
non-contiguous address ranges are needed or if an additional router
with DHCP relay is used on the local subnet.. M1122 can also act as a
DHCP relay agent and relay the DHCP requests to an external DHCP
server.

4.6 ATM and ADSL

M1122 supports up to 8 simultaneous VCCs and supports UBR
(Unspecified bit rate) traffic shaping on all VCCs. The maximum
transmit rate on each VCC is the ADSL upstream capacity. If more
than one VCC is transmitting simultaneously, the ADSL upstream
capacity is temporarily shared between these VCCs. When one VCC is
idle, the bandwidth is used by another VCC.

The ADSL transmission is based on the DMT line code. M1122
provides a DMT line rate up to 8 Mbit/s downstream and up to 800
kbit/s upstream. The DMT transceiver is rate adaptive and capable of
providing faster rates over short distances or slower rates over long
distances. The transceiver adapts itself to the line conditions. M1122
supports also ADSL Lite. In the ADSL Lite mode, the maximum line
rates are 1536 kbit/s downstream and 512 kbit/s upstream.

M1122 supports both G.992.1 and G.992.2 ADSL recommendations
defined by ITU-T .

Rate adaptation is done in steps of 32 kbit/s. The ADSL interface of
M1122 functions completely automatically and all configuration
related to the ADSL connection is done at the access multiplexer in the
operator’s premises. The network operator can set the data rates as a
part of the network management functionality provided by Nokia
DSLAM.

4.7 Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)

When PPTP local tunneling is used, a local network client initialises a
PPTP-tunneled PPP connection (VPN) to Nokia M1 122. The modem

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terminates the tunnel and all data from that terminated local PPTP
tunnel will be forwarded to an assigned ATM VCC by using PPP over
AAL5 encapsulation. Thus, each local PPTP tunnel requires an
equivalent ATM VCC assigned to it restricting the total number of
local PPTP hosts to 8.

Local tunneling is used when there is a need to have one or more
computers connected independently to different networks. For
example, in remote work application, the rest of the family may be
using the common ISP services and one or two family members need to
gain access to their corporate networks. With local tunneling, these
remote workers may be connected to a different network than the rest
of the users.

Local tunneling is activated using the PPTP client running, for
example, in Windows The destination IP address must be M1122
LAN/VBRIDGE IP address depending on the configuration. PPP
packets within PPTP are mapped to the configured VCC. M1122 has
three different ways to choose the ATM VCC that will be used for
tunneling:

D Automatic, chooses the first free VCC
D Chooses the VCC number using C:number, where number is from

1 to 8. C:number is fed after the M1122 IP address (see Figure 16).

D Chooses the VCC number using N:name, where name is the

VCCx description. N:name is fed after the M1122 IP address.

Figure 16 Choosing the VCC2 for tunneling example

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4.8 Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE)

Standard PPPoE mode is used when M1122 is operating as a bridge.
PPPoE protocol defines how PPP sessions are mapped into Ethernet
packets. When M1122 operates as a bridge, this protocol is transparent
to M1122.

4.9 Payload encapsulations

Both routed and bridged protocols are encapsulated in the A TM link by
using either RFC 2684 LLC/SNAP encapsulation or VC multiplexing.
M1122 also supports PPP over AAL5 encapsulation, in which routed
protocols are first encapsulated in PPP (RFC 1661). PPP is then
encapsulated in ATM according to the IETF PPP over AAL5 using
RFC 2364 VC multiplexing or LLC/NLPID encapsulation.

4.10 Weighted Fair Queueing (Class of Service)

As a Class of Service (CoS) function, M1122 supports Weighted Fair
Queueing (WFQ) for each ATM VCC. The CoS function ensures that
different IP traffic flows are treated fairly in the upstream (towards the
Internet) direction. This may be necessary , in some cases, because the
upstream capacity of the ADSL line is somewhat limited compared to
the Ethernet bandwidth on the office or home LAN. The WFQ CoS
function classifies IP traffic flows based on IP address, protocol and
port fields. It is capable of identifying the IP flow from all supported
payload encapsulation formats. WFQ works properly only with
IP-based protocols. If the flow is IP-based but is encrypted using IPSec
or PPP encryption, then WFQ cannot identify the flows correctly. In
this case, the default flow is used and the default flow is treated as a
single flow.

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5 Technical specifications

Features
ADSL

Physical layer ANSI T1.413 Issue 2 (ANSI ADSL), ITU-T

G.992.1 (ITU-T ADSL), and ITU-T G.994.1
(Handshake) compatible.

ADSL line connector RJ-11

ATM over ADSL

ATM connections PVC, up to 8 virtual circuits
Service categories UBR
Encapsulations RFC2684 ETH-LLC, RFC2684 IP-LLC,

RFC2364 PPP-VC, RFC2364 TUNNELED­PPP-VC

Ethernet interface

Ethernet 10Base-T, half duplex
Encapsulation DIXv2 (transmit), IEEE 802.3 and DIXv2 (re-

ceive)

Ethernet connectors RJ-45

Routing

Routing protocols RIPv1, RIPv2, and static routes
Other NAPT, IGMP proxy, DHCP server, DHCP

relay, DNS relay, PPTP local tunneling

Class of Service Weighted fair queueing

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Bridging

Bridging Self-learning bridge, bridges between all inter-

MAC table 1024 entries
Class of Service Weighted fair queueing

Command line interface (CLI) for local management

Physical layer Electrically RS-232, TxD, RxD and GND sig-

Data format Asynchronous, 8+no parity
Bit rate 9600 bps
Flow control None

faces. Possibility to disable bridging between
WAN interfaces.

nals

CLI connector RJ-45

Dedicated ATM management channel

Service categories UBR
Encapsulations RFC2684 ETH-LLC, RFC2684 IP-LLC,

RFC2364 PPP-VC

IP addressing Statically configured

Through IPCP when PPP over ATM is used

Routing Static routes

RIPv1, RIPv2

Management proto­cols

Management through payload

Management proto­cols

Indicator lights

DSL ADSL line status

Telnet/TCP/IP for command line interface,
TFTP/UDP/IP for software and configuration
download, HTTP/web server

Telnet/TCP/IP for command line interface,
TFTP/UDP/IP for software and configuration
download, HTTP/web server

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ETH Ethernet activity and status
COL Ethernet collision
STA M1122 startup error
PWR Power on

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5.1 Connectors and pin numbering

The pin numberings are given here if you want to obtain longer cables
for your M1122.

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Figure 17 ETH connector

PIN Signal Direction

M1122-

Ethernet

1 Rx+ <– Receive data +
2 Rx– <– Receive data –
3 Tx+ –> Transmit data +
6 Tx– –> Transmit data –

MDI signal

Table 1 Ethernet interface pin-out numbering

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Figure 18 DSL connector

Table 2 ADSL interface pin-out numbering

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PIN Signal

3 DSL1
4 DSL2

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5.2 Ambient conditions, EMC and safety

Ambient conditions

Operating temperature range 5 to 45°C
Humidity 10% to 90%, non-condensing

EMC

M1122 complies with the following specifications provided that the
device is connected to an earthed socket outlet:

Emission EN55022: 1998 class B
Immunity EN55024: 1998
EMC EN300386-2: 1997
Overvoltage ITU-T K.21

Safety

Safety EN60950

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