33+/1kohmBattery indication resistor (4.1V 600 mAh Lith-
47+/–
10%
01.4VBattery temperature indication
2.1
110
1.9
90100
3
20
2.85
200
VBattery voltage
Maximum voltage in idle state with charger
Phone has 100kohm pull up resistor.
SIM Card removal detection
(Threshold is 2.4V@VBB=2.8V)
ium battery)
kohmBattery indication resistor (Flash adapter)
Phone has a 100k (+–5%) pullup resistor,
Battery package has a NTC pulldown resistor:
47k+–5%@+25C , B=4050+–3%
V
ms
V
ms
Phone power up by battery (input)
Power up pulse width
Battery power up by phone (output)
Power up pulse width
1BGND00VBattery ground
Charging Connector
ContactLine SymbolFunction
DC–jack side contact
(DC–plug ring)
DC–jack center pinVINCharger input voltage
DC–jack side contact
(DC–plug jacket)
Issue 1 12/99
L_GNDCharger ground
CHRG_CTRLCharger control output (from phone)
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Page 9
NSW-6
C
System Module SE2
PinNameMinTypMaxUnitNotes
PAMS Technical Documentation
2, bVIN
3, aL_GND00VSupply ground
4, cCHRG_
TRL
7.25
3.25
320
7.1
3.25
720
00.5VCharger control PWM low
2.02.85VCharger control PWM high
199%PWM duty cycle
7.6
3.6
370
8.4
3.6
800
32HzPWM frequency for a fast charger
7.95
16.9
3.95
420
9.3
3.95
850
V
V
V
mA
V
V
mA
Unloaded ACP–7 Charger (5kohms
load)
Peak output voltage (5kohms load)
Loaded output voltage (10ohms load)
Supply current
Unloaded ACP–9 Charger
Loaded output voltage (10ohms load)
Supply current
Headset Connector
The contacts of the headset connector are listed below, with the help of
the diagram of the headset plug.
HEADSET
PLUG
1234/5
ContactLine Symbol
1. contact (plug ring 1)XMICN
2. contact (plug ring 2)XEARN
3. contact (plug ring 3)XMICP
4. and 5. contact (center pin)XEARP (4) / HEADSETINT (5)
Page 10
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Issue 1 12/99
PAMS Technical Documentation
System Module SE2
Baseband Module, Functional Description
Modes of Operation
The phone has the following main operating modes
– Analog mode, on 800 MHz band
– Analog Control ChannelACCH
– Analog Voice ChannelAVCH
– Digital mode, on 800 MHz band
– Digital Control ChannelDCCH
– Digital Traffic ChannelDTCH
NSW-6
– Digital mode, on 1900 MHz band
– Digital Control ChannelDCCH
– Digital Traffic ChannelDTCH
– Out Of Range –modeOOR
– Locals mode
Analog Control Channel mode (ACCH
On analog control channel the phone receives continuous signalling
messages on Forward Control Channel (FOCC) from base station, being
most of the time in IDLE mode. Only the receiver part is on. Occasionally
the phone re–scans control channels in order to find the stronger or
otherwise preferred control channel.
Also registration (TX on) happens occasionally, whereby the phone sends
its information on Reverse Control Channel (RECC) to base station and
the phone’s location is updated in the switching office.
If a call is initiated, either by the user or base station, the phone moves to
analog voice channel or digital traffic channel mode depending on the
orders by the base station.
)
Analog Voice Channel Mode (AVCH)
The phone receives and transmits analog audio signal. All circuitry is
powered up except digital rx–parts. In this mode the DSP does all the audio processing and in the Hands Free (HF) mode it also performs echo–
cancellation and the HF algorithm. COBBA performs the AD–conversion
for the MIC signal, and the DA–conversion for the EAR signal.
Issue 1 12/99
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Page 11
NSW-6
System Module SE2
With audio signal also SAT (Supervisory Audio Tone) is being received
from the base station. The SAT signal can be 5970 Hz, 6000Hz or 6030
Hz, the frequency being defined by the base station. DSP’s DPLL phase
lock loops to SAT, detects if the SAT frequency is the expected one and
examines the signal quality. DSP reports SAT quality figures to MCU regularly. The received SAT signal is transponded (transmitted back) to base
station.
The base station can send signalling messages on Forward Voice Channel (FVC) to the phone, by replacing the audio with a burst of Wide Band
Data (WBD). Typically these are handoff or power level messages. System Logic RX–modem is used for receiving the signalling message burst,
after which it gives interrupt to MCU for reading the data. During the burst
audio path must be muted; MCU gives message to DSP about this. MCU
can acknowledge the messages on Reverse Voice Channel (RVC), where
DSP sends the WBD to transmitter RF.
Also Signalling Tone (ST) can be transmitted to acknowledge messages
from base station. DSP sends ST after MCU’s command.
PAMS Technical Documentation
On Analog Voice Channel MCU uses sleep mode (HW DEEP SLEEP)
most of the time, but other circuits are fully operational.
Digital Control Channel Mode (DCCH)
On digital control channel (DCCH) DSP receives the paging information
from the Paging channels. DSP sends messages to MCU for processing
them.
Each Hyperframe (HFC) comprises two Superframes (SF), the first as
the Primary (p) and the second as the Secondary (s) paging frame. The
assigned Page Frame Class (PFC) defines the frames which must be received, and thus it also defines when the receiver must be on; i.e. the
basic power consumption is defined at the same time.
The phone employs sleep mode between received time slots. Then DSP
sets the sleep clock timer and MCU, DSP and RF including VCXO are
powered down. Only sleep clock and necessary timers are running.
From DCCH phone may be ordered to analog control channel or to analog or digital traffic channel.
Digital Traffic Channel Mode (DTCH)
Page 12
Digital Voice Channel
On digital voice channel DSP processes speech signal in 20 ms time
slots. DSP performs the speech and channel functions in time shared
fashion and sleeps whenever possible. Rx and tx are powered on and off
according to the slot timing. MCU is waken up mainly by DSP, when
there is signalling information for the Cellular Software.
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Issue 1 12/99
PAMS Technical Documentation
Digital Data Channel
Digital Data Channel is supported in the product.
Out of Range mode (OOR)
If the phone cannot find signal from the base station on any control channel (analog or digital) it can go into OOR mode for power saving.
All RF circuits are powered off and baseband circuits are put into low
power mode, VCXO is stopped and only sleep clock is running in MAD
and CCONT. After the programmable timer in MAD has elapsed the
phone turns receiver on and tries to receive signalling data from base station. If it succeeds, the phone goes to standby mode on analog or digital
control channel. If the connection can not be established the phone will
return to out of range mode, until the timer elapses again.
Locals Mode
NSW-6
System Module SE2
Locals mode is used by product development, production and after sales,
for testing purposes. MCU’s Cellular Software is stopped (no signalling to
base station), and the phone is controlled by MBUS messages from test
PC.
Technical Summary
List of Submodules
SubmoduleFunction
CTRLUControl Unit for the phone, comprising MAD ASIC (MCU, DSP,
System Logic) and Memories
PWRUPower supply, comprising CCONT and CHAPS
AUDIO_RF_IFAudio coding and RF–BB interface, COBBA
UIUser Interface components
These blocks are only functional blocks and therefore have no type nor
material codes. For block diagram, see baseband schematics.
The battery voltage range in DCT3 family is 3.0V to 4.5V depending on
the battery charge and used cell type (Li–Ion or NiMH). Because of the
battery voltage the baseband supply voltage is a nominal of 2.8V.
The baseband is running from a 2.8V power rail which is supplied by a
power controlling asic (CCONT). In the CCONT there are seven
individually controlled regulator outputs for the RF section, one 2.8V
output for the baseband plus a core voltage for MAD1. In addition there is
one +5V power supply output(V5V). A real time clock function is integrated
into the CCONT which utilizes the same 32KHz clock supply as the sleep
clock. A backup power supply is provided for the RTC which keeps the
Issue 1 12/99
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Page 13
NSW-6
System Module SE2
real time clock running when the main battery is removed. The backup
power supply is a rechargeable polyacene battery with a backup time of
ten minutes.
The interface between the baseband and the RF section is handled by a
specific asic. The COBBA_D asic provides A/D and D/A conversion of the
in–phase and quadrature receive and transmit signal paths and also A/D
and D/A conversions of received and transmitted audio signals to and
from the UI parts. Data transmission between the COBBA_D and the MAD
is implemented using serial connections. Digital speech processing is
handled by the MAD asic. The COBBA_D asic is a dual supply voltage
circuit, the digital parts are running from the baseband supply VBB and
the analog parts are running from the analog supply VCOBBA (VR6).
Block diagram for the phone is below.
PAMS Technical Documentation
LCD
vibra
motor
BASEBAND
TX/RX SIGNALS
COBBA SUPPLY
COBBA_P
AUDIOLINES
MAD1
+
MEMORIES
CHARGER conn
RF SUPPLIES
CCONT
BB SUPPLY
core voltage
CHAPS
PA SUPPL Y
32kHz
CLK
SLEEP CLOCK
VBAT
19.44M
CLK
SYSTEM CLOCK
BATTERY
NiMH LiIon
Baseband Submodules
CTRLU
CTRLU comprises MAD ASIC (MCU, DSP, System Logic) and Memories.
The environment consists of two memory circuits; (FLASH, SRAM),
22–bit address bus, and 16–bit data bus. Also there are ROM1SELX,
ROM2SELX, and RAMSELX signals for chip selection.
Page 14
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Issue 1 12/99
PAMS Technical Documentation
MCU main features
System control
Cellular Software (CS)
Cellular Software communicates with the switching office, and
performs call build–up, maintenance and termination.
Communication control
M2BUS is used to communicate to external devices. This interface is also used for factory testing, service and maintenance purposes.
User Interface (UI)
PWR–key, keyboard, LCD, backlight, mic, ear and alert (buzzer, vibra, led) control. Serial interface from MAD to LCD
(same as for CCONT).
NSW-6
System Module SE2
Authentication
Authentication is used to prevent fraud usage of cellular
phones.
RF monitoring
RF temperature monitoring by VCXOTEMP, ADC in CCONT.
Received signal strength monitoring by RSSI, ADC in CCONT.
False transmission detection by TXF signal, digital IO–pin.
Power up/down and Watchdog control
When power key is pressed, initial reset (PURX) has happened
and default regulators have powered up in CCONT, MCU and
DSP take care of the rest of power up procedures (LCD, COBBA, RF). The MCU must regularly reset the Watchdog counter
in CCONT, otherwise the power will be switched off.
Accessory monitoring
Accessory detection by EAD (HEADSETINT), AD–converter in
CCONT.
Battery and charging monitoring
MCU reads the battery type (BTYPE), temperature (BTEMP)
and voltage (VBAT) values by AD–converter in CCONT, and
phone’s operation is allowed only if the values are reasonable.
Charging current is controlled by writing suitable values to
PWM control in CCONT.
Production/after sales tests and tuning
Control of CCONT via serial bus
Issue 1 12/99
MCU reads also charger voltage (VCHAR) and charging current values (ICHAR).
Flash loading, baseband tests, RF tuning
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Page 15
NSW-6
System Module SE2
PAMS Technical Documentation
MCU writes controls (regulators on/off, Watchdog reset,
charge PWM control) and reads AD–conversion values. For
AD–conversions MCU gives the clock for CCONT (bus clock),
because the only clock in CCONT is sleep clock, which has a
too low frequency.
Page 16
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Issue 1 12/99
PAMS Technical Documentation
DSP Main Features
DSP (Digital Signal Processor) is in charge of the channel and speech
coding according to the IS–136 specification. The block consists of a DSP
and internal ROM and RAM memory. The input clock is 9.72 MHz, and
DSP has its own internal PLL–multiplier. Main interfaces are to MCU, and
via System Logic to COBBA and RF.
System Logic main Features
– MCU related clocking, timing and interrupts (CTIM)
– DSP related clocking, timing and interrupts (CTID)
– DSP general IO–port
–reset and interrupts to MCU and DSP
– interface between MCU and DSP (API)
NSW-6
System Module SE2
– MCU interface to System Logic (MCUif)
– MCU controlled PWMs, general IO–port and USART for MBUS (PUP)
– Receive Modem (Rxmodem)
– Interface to Keyboard, CCONT and LCD Drivers (UIF)
– Interface to MCU memories, address lines and chip select decoding
(BUSC)
– DSP interface to System Logic (DSPif)
– serial accessory interface (AccIf, DSP–UART)
– Modulation, transmit filter and serial interface to COBBA (MFI)
– Serial interface for RF synthesizer control (SCU)
Memories
The speed of FLASH and SRAM is 120 ns.
FLASH
– size 1024k * 16 bit, contains the main program code for the MCU, and
is able to emulate EEPROM.
SRAM
– size 128k * 16 bit
AUDIO–RF
Audio interface and baseband–RF interface converters are integrated into
COBBA circuit.
COBBA Main Features
The codec includes microphone and earpiece amplifier and all the necessary switches for routing. There are two different possibilities for routing;
Issue 1 12/99
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Page 17
NSW-6
System Module SE2
internal and external devices. There are also all the AD– and DA– converters for the RF interface.
DEMO block is used for FM–demodulation in analog mode.
A slow speed DA–converter provides automatic frequency control (AFC).
In addition, there is a DA–converters for transmitter power control (TXC).
COBBA also passes the RFC (19.44 MHz) to MAD as COBBACLK (9.72
MHz).
COBBA is connected to MAD via two serial buses:
– RXTXSIO, for interfacing the RF–DACs and DEMO; and also for audio
codec and general control. Signals used: COBBACLK (9.72 MHz, from
COBBA), COBBACSX, COBBASD (bi–directional data) and COBBADAX (data ready flag for rx–samples).
– Codec SIO, for interfacing the audio ADCs / DACs (PCM–samples).
CCONT generates regulated supply voltages for baseband and RF.
There are seven 2.8 V linear regulators for RF, one 2.8 V regulator for
baseband, one special switched output (VR1_SW), one programmable 2
V output (V2V), one 3/5 V output, one 5 V output, and one 1.5 V +/– 1.5
% reference voltage for RF and COBBA.
Other functions include:
– power up/down procedures and reset logic
– charging control (PWM), charger detection
– watchdog
– sleep clock (32.768 kHz) and control
– 8–channel AD–converter.
CHAPS Main Features
Page 18
CHAPS comprises the hardware for charging the battery and protecting
the phone from over–voltage in charger connector.
The main functions include
– transient, over–voltage and reverse charger voltage protection
– limited start–up charge current for a totally empty battery
– voltage limit when battery removed
– with SW protection against too high charging current
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Issue 1 12/99
PAMS Technical Documentation
Clocking
System Clock
VR1
CHAPS
BATTERY
19.44MHz
VCXO
200mVpp–1Vpp
sine wave
MADCOBBA
NSW-6
System Module SE2
LCD–DRVR
LCDRESXRFC
PWRONX
32 kHz
. Clocking and resets
VCXO on RF provides the system clock for baseband (RFC). COBBA
squares the clock and divides it by two for MAD (COBBACLK).
This clock can be stopped by cutting supply voltage from VCXO (CCONT
regulator VR1) and started again by powering on the same regulator.
MAD controls it through RFCEN. It can be stopped only when both MCU
and DSP request that. It is always stopped in SLEEP–mode on control
channels. When the VCXO is stopped time is measures in MAD by using
the sleep clock SLCLK; when the programmable timer expires it gives interrupt to DSP/MCU and MAD also starts the VCXO power supply by
RFCEN signal.
CCONT
SLCLK
PURX
RFCEN
RFCSETTLED
COBBARESX
COBBACLK
9.72MHz
Square wave
2.8Vpp
The same sleep clock is also used in the MBUS interface, to detect if
there is communication on the bus during sleep periods.
Inside MAD System Logic parts provide clock signal to both DSP and
MCU, and both internal clocks can be stopped individually for power saving. MCU can use either CLOCK STOP or HW STANDBY sleep mode.
Sleep Clock
CCONT makes 32.768 kHz sleep clock for MAD. This crystal oscillator in
CCONT_2’ starts to run only after the battery is connected and the phone
Issue 1 12/99
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Page 19
NSW-6
System Module SE2
has been started once. The SLCLK output is enabled only when the
baseband parts are powered up.
After the sleep periods, when the VCXO is restarted (by RFCEN), MAD
takes care that the clock is not used before it is properly settled. MAD output RFCSETTLED prevents COBBA from using the clock during the settling time (RFCSETTLED rises later than RFCEN), as well MAD internally
inhibits DSP and MCU during the same time. This settling time can be
programmed before going to sleep mode, and the sleep clock is used for
measuring the time.
Resets
Power–up reset
PAMS Technical Documentation
CCONT gives the power–up reset (PURX) to MAD and COBBA. Also display is reset via MAD output pin. During this reset the VCXO clock has
enough time to settle so that it can be used as the system clock after
reset.
Other reset
COBBA can be also internally reset; there are two internal reset bits in
COBBA registers which can be written by MAD.
LCD reset is possible also by by MCU SW, because the control pin pin is
controlled by MCU.
There are also MAD internal reset possibilities
– MCU can reset system logic parts
– MCU can reset DSP
– SW–watchdog can reset the whole MAD
Page 20
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Issue 1 12/99
PAMS Technical Documentation
Power Distribution
In normal operation the baseband is powered from the phone‘s battery.
The battery consists of one Lithium–Ion cell. There is also a possibility to
use batteries consisting of three Nickel Metal Hydride cells or one Solid
state cell. An external charger can be used for recharging the battery and
supplying power to the phone. The charger can be either performance
charger, which can deliver supply current up to 850 mA or a standard
charger that can deliver approx. 300 mA.
The figure below is a simplified block diagram of the power distribution.
The power management circuitry provides protection against overvol-
tages, charger failures and pirate chargers etc. that could cause damage
to the phone.
NSW-6
System Module SE2
VCHAR
CHAPS
VBAT
PWM
BATTERY
CCONT
VR1
VR6
VBB
VCXO
MAD
VBB
V5V
Vref
SIO
COBBALCD–DRVR
FLASH
RF
VR1–VR7
Battery voltage VBAT is connected to CCONT which regulates all the supply voltages VBB, VR1–VR7, VSIM and V5V. CCONT enables automatically VR1, VBB, VR6 and Vref in power–up.
VBB is used as baseband power supply for all digital parts. It is constantly
on when the phone is powered up.
VSIM is used as programming voltage for the Flash memory whenever a
partial re–flashing is needed, e.g. when the Flash emulates EEPROM.
V5V is used for RF parts only. In CCONT_2’ it also can be switched off by
using RFCEN signal.
Issue 1 12/99
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Page 21
NSW-6
System Module SE2
VR1 is used for the VCXO supply, and VR6 is used in COBBA for analog
parts. RFCEN signal to CCONT controls both VR1 and VR6 regulators;
they can be switched off in sleep modes, and during standby. However,
VR6 output is not switched off, but connected to VBB inside CCONT, in
order to avoid false accessory interrupts.
CCONT regulators are controlled either through SIO from MAD or timing
sensitive regulators are controlled directly to their control pins. These two
control methods form a logical OR–function, i.e. the regulator is enabled
when either of the controls is active. Most of the regulators can be individually controlled.
CHAPS connects the charger voltage (VCHAR) to battery. MCU of MAD
controls the charging through CCONT. MAD sets the parameters to
PWM–generator in CCONT and PWM–output controls the charging voltage in charger.
When battery voltage is under 3.0 V, CHAPS controls independently the
charging current.
PAMS Technical Documentation
Power Up
When the battery is connected to phone, the 32.768 kHz crystal oscillator
of CCONT is not started, since CCONT2 version F, until the power–button
is pressed. (Oscillator start may take up to 1 second). The regulators are
not started. After the crystal has started, the phone is ready to be powered up by any of the ways described below.
Page 22
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Issue 1 12/99
PAMS Technical Documentation
Power up with a charger
Normal Battery voltage
VCHAR
VR1, VBB, VR6
RFCEN
RFCSETTLED
RFC (VCXO)
COBBACLK
NSW-6
System Module SE2
PURX
SLCLK
CCONTINT
t1
t2
t3
The power up procedure is similar to process described in the previous
chapter with the exception that the rising edge of VCHAR triggers the
power up in CCONT.
Also CCONT sets output CCONTINT. MAD detects the interrupt, and after
that reads CCONT status register to find out the reason for the interrupt
(charger in this case). The phone will remain in the ”acting dead” state,
which means that the user interface is not activated unless the power button is pressed. Only the charging activity is indicated on the display.
CCONTINT is generated both in the case the charger is connected, and
in the case the charger is disconnected.
Issue 1 12/99
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Page 23
NSW-6
System Module SE2
Empty Battery
Before battery voltage voltage rises over 3.0 V CHAPS gives an initial
charge (with limited current) to the battery. After battery voltage reaches
that voltage limit the power up procedure is as described in the previous
chapters.
VBAT > 3.0 V
VCHAR
VR1, VBB, VR6
RFCEN
RFCSETTLED
RFC (VCXO)
PAMS Technical Documentation
COBBACLK
PURX
SLCLK
CCONTINT
t1
t2
t3
Before battery voltage voltage rises over 3.0 V CHAPS gives an initial
charge (with limited current) to the battery. After battery voltage reaches
that voltage limit the power up procedure is as described in the previous
chapters.
Anyway, if the standard charger is connected and power–up requested
from the power button, the current consumption should be kept in the
minimum in the beginning because the charger output current is rather
low and the battery voltage is on the minimum limit. Thus, at least the
phone receiver parts and the user interface lights should not be powered
up immediately, but after a small delay.
Power Up by IBI
Phone can be powered up by external device (accessory or similar) by
providing a start pulse to the battery signal BTEMP; this is detected by
Page 24
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Issue 1 12/99
PAMS Technical Documentation
CCONT. After that the power–up procedure is similar to pushing power–
button. NSW-6 does not have any IBI accessories.
Mixed Trigger to power up
It is possible that PWR–key is pushed during charger initiated power–up
procedure or charger is connected during PWR–key initiated power up
procedure. In this kind of circumstances the power–up procedure (in HW
point of view) continues as nothing had happened.
Power Down
Controlled Power Down
Power Down pushing PWR key
NSW-6
System Module SE2
MAD (MCU SW) detects that PWR–key is pressed long enough time.
After that the lights and LCD are turned off. MCU stops all the activities it
was doing (e.g. ends a call), sends power off command to CCONT (i.e.
gives a short watchdog time) and goes to idle–task. After the delay
CCONT cuts all the supply voltages from the phone.
Note that the phone does not go to power off (from HW point of view)
when the charger is connected and PWR–key is pushed. It is shown to
user that the phone is in power off, but in fact the phone is just acting
being powered off (this state is usually called ”acting dead”).
Power Down when the battery voltage is discharged too low
During normal discharge the phone indicates the user that the battery will
drain after some time. If not recharged, SW detects that battery voltage is
too low and shuts the phone off through a normal power down procedure.
Anyway, if the SW fails to power down the phone, CCONT will make a
reset and power down the phone if the battery voltage drops below 2.8 V.
Power Down with fault in transmitter
If the MAD receives fault indication, from the line TXF, that the transmitter
is on although it should not be, the control SW will power down the
phone.
Uncontrolled Power Down
Power Down when Watchdog expires
If the SW fails to update the watchdog, the watchdog will eventually expire and CCONT cuts all the supply voltages from the phone.
Issue 1 12/99
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Page 25
NSW-6
System Module SE2
Battery Disconnected
When battery is disconnected, immediate and totally uncontrolled power–
down happens. Therefore a power off procedure in this case can not be
described. One possible risk is that if the MCU is writing something to
Flash exactly at the same moment, the memory contents may be corrupted.
Battery Disconnected when charger is connected
From hardware point of view the phone could otherwise continue functioning normally, but if the charger voltage is higher than the maximum
allowed battery voltage, this can damage the RF parts. Therefore, there
must be hardware protection against this in CHAPS.
If the user presses the PWR–key, the phone can wake up to detect that
the battery is not present (no BTYPE and /or BTEMP). After that the
phone either turns off or goes to low current mode (can be decided by
MCU SW).
PAMS Technical Documentation
This state does not harm the phone. The phone can not be used only
from the charger without the battery.
Sleep Mode
Entering the Sleep mode
The phone can enter SLEEP only when both MCU and DSP request it. A
substantial amount of current is saved in SLEEP. When going to SLEEP
following things will happen
1Both MCU and DSP enable sleep mode, set the sleep timer
and enter sleep mode (MCU: HW DEEP SLEEP, DSP: IDLE3;
both the core, peripherals and PLL stop)
2RFCEN and RFCSETTLED –> 0 –> COBBACLK will stop
(gated in COBBA). Also VR1 is disabled –> VCXO supply voltage is cut off –> RFC stops.
3LCD display remains the same, no changes
4Sleep clock (SLCLK) and watchdog in CCONT running
5Sleep counter in MAD running, uses SLCLK
Waking up from the Sleep mode
In the typical case phone leaves the SLEEP–mode when the SLEEP–
counter in MAD expires. After that MAD enables VR1 ⇒ VCXO starts running ⇒ after a pre–programmed delay RFCSETTLED rises => MAD receives COBBACLK clock ⇒ MAD operation re–starts.
There are also many other cases when the SLEEP mode can be interrupted, in these cases MAD enables the VR1 and operation is started
similarly
Page 26
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Issue 1 12/99
PAMS Technical Documentation
– some MCU or DSP timer expires
– DSP regular event interrupt happens
– MBUS activity is detected
– FBUS activity is detected
– Charger is connected, Charger interrupt to MAD
– any key on keyboard is pressed, interrupt to MAD
– HEADSETINT, from the switch of the headset connector (EAD)
– HOOKINT, from XMIC lines
Charging Control
Charging is controlled by MCU SW, which writes control data to CCONT
via serial bus. CCONT output pin PWMOUT (Pulse Width Modulation)
can be used to control both the charger and the CHAPS circuit inside
phone.
1 (1)
NSW-6
System Module SE2
CHAPS
Vin
System
Connector
PWMOU
To
charger
T
Charging
Control
Two–wire Charging
With 2–wire charging the charger provides constant output current, and
the charging is controlled by PWMOUT signal from CCONT to CHAPS.
PWMOUT signal frequency is selected to be 1 Hz, and the charging
switch in CHAPS is pulsed on and off at this frequency. The final charged
energy to battery is controlled by adjusting the PWMOUT signal duty
cycle.
BATTERY
MAD
CCONT
serial
control
Pulse width is controlled by the MCU which writes these values to
CCONT.
Three–wire Charging
With 3–wire charging the charger provides adjustable output voltage, and
the charging is controlled by PWMOUT signal from CCONT to Charger,
Issue 1 12/99
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Page 27
NSW-6
System Module SE2
with the charger connector signal. PWMOUT signal frequency is selected
to be 32 Hz, and the charger output voltage is controlled by adjusting the
PWMOUT signal pulse width. The charger switch in CHAPS is constantly
on in this case.
Watchdog
Both MAD and CCONT include a watchdog, and both use the 32 kHz
sleep clock. The watchdog in MAD is the primary one, and this is called
SW–watchdog. MCU has to update it regularly. If it is not updated, logic
inside MAD gives reset to MAD. After the reset, MCU can read an internal status bit to see the reason for reset, whether it was from MAD or
CCONT. The SW–watchdog delay can be set between 0 and 63 seconds
at 250 millisecond steps; and after power–up the default value is the max.
time.
PAMS Technical Documentation
VCXO
BATTERY
MADCOBBA
CCONT
32 kHz
VR1
VR6
VBB
SLCL
K
MCU
LOGIC
SIO
MAD must reset CCONT watchdog regularly. CCONT watchdog time can
be set through SIO between 0 and 63 seconds at 1 second steps. After
power–up the default value is 32 seconds. If watchdog elapses, CCONT
will cut off all supply voltages.
After total cut–off the phone can be re–started through any normal
power–up procedure.
LCD–DRVR
Battery Overvoltage Protection
Output overvoltage protection is used to protect phone from damage. This
function is also used to define the protection cutoff voltage for different
battery types (Li or Ni). The power switch is immediately turned OFF if the
voltage in VOUT rises above the selected limit VLIM1 or VLIM2.
Page 28
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Issue 1 12/99
PAMS Technical Documentation
ParameterSymbolLIM inputMinTypMaxUnit
NSW-6
System Module SE2
Output voltage cutoff limit
(during transmission or Li–
battery)
Output voltage cutoff limit
(no transmission or Ni–bat-
tery)
The voltage limit (VLIM1 or VLIM2) is selected by logic LOW or logic HIGH
on the CHAPS LIM– input pin. Default value is lower limit VLIM1.
Battery Identification
Different battery types are identified by a pulldown resistor inside the
battery pack. The BSI line inside transceiver has a 100k pullup to VBB.
The MCU can identify the battery by reading the BSI line DC–voltage level
with a CCONT A/D–converter.
VLIM1LOW4.44.64.8V
VLIM2HIGH4.85.05.2V
BVOLT
BATTERY
47k at
25 deg C
Vibra Schematic
BTEMP
BSI
R
s
BGND
Vbb
100k
10k
10n
TRANSCEIVER
BSI
CCONT
Issue 1 12/99
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Page 29
NSW-6
System Module SE2
Battery Temperature
The battery temperature is measured with a NTC inside the battery pack.
The BTEMP line inside transceiver has a 100k pullup to VREF. The MCU
can calculate the battery temperature by reading the BTEMP line
DC–voltage level with a CCONT A/D–converter.
PAMS Technical Documentation
BVOLT
BATTERY
R
T
NTC
Supply Voltage Regulators
BSI
BTEMP
BGND
1k
TRANSCEIVER
VREF
Vibra Schematic
100k
10k
2k2
10n
BTEMP
VibraPWM
MCUGenIO4
CCONT
MAD
Page 30
The heart of the power distribution is the CCONT. It includes all the
voltage regulators and feeds the power to the whole system. The
baseband digital parts are powered from the VBB regulator which
provides 2.8V baseband supply. The baseband regulator is active always
when the phone is powered on. The VBB baseband regulator feeds MAD
and memories, COBBA digital parts and the LCD driver in the UI section.
VSIM supplies programming voltage to the FLASH memory. The COBBA
analog parts are powered from a dedicated 2.8V supply VCOBBA. The
CCONT supplies also 5V for RF. The CCONT features a real time clock
function, which is powered from a RTC backup when the main battery is
disconnected.
The RTC backup is rechargeable polyacene battery, which has a capacity
of 50uAh (@3V/2V) The battery is charged from the main battery voltage
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Issue 1 12/99
PAMS Technical Documentation
by the CHAPS when the main battery voltage is over 3.2V. The charging
current is 200uA (nominal).
NSW-6
System Module SE2
Operating modeVrefRF REGVCOB-
VBBVSIMSIMIF
BA
Power offOffOffOffOffOffPull
down
Power onOnOn/OffOnOnOnOn/Off
ResetOnOff
VR1 On
OnOnOffPull
down
SleepOnOffOnOnOnOn/Off
Note: CCONT includes also five additional 2.8V regulators providing power to the RF
section. These regulators can be controlled either by the direct control signals from MAD
or by the RF regulator control register in CCONT which MAD can update. Below are the
listed the MAD control lines and the regulators they are controlling.
–
TxPwr controls VTX regulator (VR5)
–
RxPwr controls VRX regulator (VR2)
–
SynthPwr controls VSYN_1 and VSYN_2 regulators (VR4 and VR3)
–
VCXOPwr controls VXO regulator (VR1)
CCONT generates also a 1.5 V reference voltage VREF to COBBA and
EROTUS. The VREF voltage is also used as a reference to the CCONT
A/D converter.
In addition to the above mentioned signals MAD includes also TXP control
signal which goes to PLUSSA power control block and to the power
amplifier. The transmitter power control TXC is led from COBBA to
PLUSSA.
Audio Control
The audio control and processing is taken care by the COBBA_D, which
contains the audio and RF codecs, and the MAD1, which contains the
MCU, ASIC and DSP blocks handling and processing the audio signals.
Issue 1 12/99
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Page 31
NSW-6
System Module SE2
Slide
PAMS Technical Documentation
EMI
XMICP
XMICN
Headset
Connector
XEARP
XEARN
Display
Bias +
EMI+ACC
Interf.
EMI
EMI
MIC2
MIC1
AuxOut
Preamp
MIC3
HFCM
AmpMultipl.
HF
EAR
Multipl.Premult.
COBBA
Pre
&
LP
LP
A
D
D
A
DSP
MAD
MCU
The baseband supports three microphone inputs and two earphone
outputs. The inputs can be taken from an internal microphone, a headset
microphone or from an external microphone signal source. The
microphone signals from different sources are connected to separate
inputs at the COBBA_D asic. Inputs for the microphone signals are
differential type.
Buzzer
Driver
Circuit
Buzzer
The MIC1 inputs are used for a headset microphone that can be
connected directly to the headset connector. The internal microphone is
connected to MIC2 inputs and an external pre–amplified microphone
(handset/handfree) signal is connected to the MIC3 inputs. In COBBA
there are also three audio signal outputs of which dual ended EAR lines
are used for internal earpiece and HF line for accessory audio output. The
third audio output AUXOUT is used only for bias supply to the headset
microphone. As a difference to DCT3 generation both external MIC & EAR
are fully differential (4–wire IF). No common mode line (SGND) is used.
The output for the internal earphone is a dual ended type output capable
of driving a dynamic type speaker. Input and output signal source
selection and gain control is performed inside the COBBA_D asic
according to control messages from the MAD1. Keypad tones, DTMF, and
other audio tones are generated and encoded by the MAD1 and
transmitted to the COBBA_D for decoding.
Internal Microphone and Earpiece
The baseband supports three microphone inputs and two earphone
outputs. The inputs can be taken from an internal microphone, a headset
microphone or from an external microphone signal source. The
microphone signals from different sources are connected to separate
inputs to the COBBA_D asic. Inputs for the microphone signals are of a
differential type.
Page 32
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Issue 1 12/99
PAMS Technical Documentation
External Audio Connections
The external audio connections are presented in the figure on the
previous page. A headset can be connected directly to the headset
connector. The headset microphone bias is supplied from COBBA
AUXOUT output and fed to microphone through XMIC line.
Audio Accessory Detection
When the MCU–SW receives a headset–interrupt, generated by the
switch in the headset–connector, it will start the accessory–detection
sequence.
At first it will measure the voltage at XMICP–pin (divided in half by 2
resistors) via EAD AD–converter in CCONT. If it detects a voltage it will
start the sequence for the active accessory detection. The only specified
active accessory for NSW–6 is the PPH–3 handsfree kit.
NSW-6
System Module SE2
If there is no active voltage detected at XMICP, AUXOUT–pin of
COBBA_D is switched to 1.5V and the voltage at XMICP is measured
again. The voltage at XMICP depends on the impedance which is
connected between XMICP and XMICN ath the accessory end.
PPH–3 with external microphone (connected correctly)
HOOKDET
(MAD1 pin C10)
’1’’0’0V0
’1’’1’1.1V390When AUXOUT at 1.5V
’0’’1’0.75V255When AUXOUT at 1.5V
’0’’1’2.6V900when muted
’0’’1’2.2V750when muted
HEADSETINT
(MAD1 pin B1 1)
Voltage at
XMICP
EAD–valueNotes
Audio box JBA-6
’1’’1’~0.9V330 – 350when AUXOUT at 1.5V
Internal Audio Connections (speech processing)
The speech coding functions are performed by the DSP in the MAD1 and
the coded speech blocks are transferred to the COBBA_D for digital to
analog conversion, down link direction. In the up link direction the PCM
coded speech blocks are read from the COBBA_D by the DSP.
Issue 1 12/99
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Page 33
NSW-6
System Module SE2
4–wire PCM Serial Interface
The interface consists of following signals: a PCM codec master clock
(PCMDClk), a frame synchronization signal to DSP (PCMSClk), a codec
transmit data line (PCMTX) and a codec receive data line (PCMRX). The
COBBA_D generates the PCMDClk clock, which is supplied to DSP SIO.
The COBBA_D also generates the PCMSClk signal to DSP by dividing the
PCMDClk. The PCMDClk frequency is 1.000 MHz and is generated by
dividing the RFIClk 13 MHz by 13. The COBBA_D further divides the
PCMDClk by 125 to get a PCMSClk signal, 8.0 kHz.
PCMDClk
PCMSClk
PAMS Technical Documentation
PCMTxData
PCMRxData
The output for the internal earphone is a dual ended type output capable
of driving a dynamic type speaker. The output for the external accessory
and the headset is single ended with a dedicated signal ground SGND.
Input and output signal source selection and gain control is performed
inside the COBBA_D asic according to control messages from the
MAD1PR1. Keypad tones, DTMF, and other audio tones are generated
and encoded by the MAD1PR1 and transmitted to the COBBA_D for
decoding. MAD1PR1 generates two separate PWM outputs, one for a
buzzer and one for vibra (internal and external via BTEMP).
Speech Processing
The speech coding functions are performed by the DSP in the MAD1 and
the coded speech blocks are transferred to the COBBA_D for digital to
analog conversion, down link direction. In the up link direction the PCM
coded speech blocks are read from the COBBA_D by the DSP.
sign extended
1514131201110
sign extended
MSB
MSB
LSB
LSB
Page 34
There are two separate interfaces between the MAD and the COBBA: 2
serial buses. The first serial interface is used to transfer all the COBBA
control information (both the RFI part and the audio part). The second
serial interface between the MAD and COBBA includes transmit and
receive data, clock and frame synchronization signals. It is used to
transfer the PCM samples. The frame synchronization frequency is 8 kHz
( the sample rate is in digital mode 8.0 kHz and in analog mode 8.1 kHz)
which indicates the rate of the PCM samples and the clock frequency is 1
MHz. The COBBA is generating both clocks.
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Issue 1 12/99
PAMS Technical Documentation
Alert Signal Generation
A buzzer is used for giving alerting tones and/or melodies as a signal of
an incoming call. Also keypress and user function response beeps are
generated with the buzzer. The buzzer is controlled with a BuzzerPWM
output signal from the MAD1. A dynamic type of buzzer is used since the
supply voltage available can not produce the required sound pressure for
a piezo type buzzer. The low impedance buzzer is connected to the
UI–switch ASIC. The alert volume can be adjusted either by changing the
pulse width causing the level to change or by changing the frequency to
utilize the resonance frequency range of the buzzer.
A vibra alerting device is used for giving a silent signal to the user of an
incoming call. The device is controlled with a Vibra output signal from the
MAD1.
NSW-6
System Module SE2
Issue 1 12/99
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Page 35
NSW-6
System Module SE2
Digital Control
MAD
The baseband functions are controlled by the MAD asic, which consists of
a MCU, a system ASIC and a DSP.
MAD(1) contains following building blocks:
– ARM RISC processor with both 16–bit instruction set (THUMB mode)
and 32–bit instruction set (ARM mode)
– DSP core with peripherals:
– BUSC (BusController for controlling accesses from ARM to API, Sys-
tem Logic and MCU external memories, both 8– and 16–bit memories)
PAMS Technical Documentation
– API (Arm Port Interface memory) for MCU–DSP commu-
tors (in DSP RAM) and DSP booting
– Serial port (connection to PCM)
– Timer
– DSP memory
– System Logic
– CTSI (Clock, Timing, Sleep and Interrupt control)
– MCUIF (Interface to ARM via B
tROM
– DSPIF (Interface to DSP)
– MFI (Interface to COBBA_D AD/DA Converters)
– CODER (Block encoding/decoding and A51&A52 ciphering)
– AccIF(Accessory Interface)
– SCU (Synthesizer Control Unit for controlling 2 separate
synthesizer)
– UIF (Keyboard interface, serial control interface for COB-
BA_D PCM Codec, LCD Driver and CCONT)
– UIF+ (roller/ slide handling)
– PUP (Parallel IO, USART and PWM control unit for vibra
The MAD1 operates from a 13 MHz system clock, which is generated
from the 13Mhz VCXO frequency. The MAD1PR1 supplies a 6,5MHz or a
13MHz internal clock for the MCU and system logic blocks and a 13MHz
clock for the DSP, where it is multiplied to TBD MHz DSP clock. The
system clock can be stopped for a system sleep mode by disabling the
USC). Contains MCU Boo-
Page 36
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Issue 1 12/99
PAMS Technical Documentation
VCXO supply power from the CCONT regulator output. The CCONT
provides a 32kHz sleep clock for internal use and to the MAD1PR1, which
is used for the sleep mode timing. The sleep clock is active when there is
a battery voltage available i.e. always when the battery is connected.
Memories
The MCU program code resides in an external program memory, size
is16Mbits. MCU work (data) memory size is 2Mbits (128k x16). A special
block in the flash is used for storing the system and tuning parameters,
user settings and selections, a scratch pad and a short code memory.
The BusController (BUSC) section in the MAD1 decodes the chip select
signals for the external memory devices and the system logic. BUSC
controls internal and external bus drivers and multiplexers connected to
the MCU data bus. The MCU address space is divided into access areas
with separate chip select signals. BUSC supports a programmable
number of wait states for each memory range.
NSW-6
System Module SE2
Program Memory 16MBit Flash
The MCU program code resides in the flash program memory. The
program memory size is 16Mbits (1Mx16) . The default package is
uBGA48.
SRAM Memory
The work memory size is 2Mbits (128kx16) static ram in a 48 ball BGA
package. Vcc is 2.8V and access time is 100 ns The work memory is
supplied from the common baseband VBB voltage and the memory
contents are lost when the baseband voltage is switched off. All retainable
data is stored into the flash memory when the phone is powered down.
EEPROM Emulated in FLASH Memory
A block in flash is used for a nonvolatile data memory to store the tuning
parameters and phone setup information. The short code memory for
storing user defined information is also implemented in the flash. The
EEPROM space allocated is about 32kbyte The memory is accessed
through the parallel bus.
Flash Programming
The program execution starts from the BOOT ROM and the MCU
investigates in the early start–up sequence if the flash prommer is
connected. This is done by checking the status of the MBUS–line.
Normally this line is high but when the flash prommer is connected the
line is forced low by the prommer. The flash prommer serial data receive
line is in receive mode waiting for an acknowledgement from the phone.
Issue 1 12/99
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Page 37
NSW-6
System Module SE2
The data transmit line from the baseband to the prommer is initially high.
When the baseband has recognized the flash prommer, the FBUS TX–line
is pulled low. This acknowledgement is used to start the data transfer of
the first two bytes from the flash prommer to the baseband on the FBUS
RX–line. The data transmission begins by starting the serial transmission
clock (MBUS–line) at the prommer.
The 2.8V programming voltage is supplied inside the transceiver from the
CCONT.
The following table lists out the flash programming pads under the battery,
(holes are provided in the shield)
NameParameterMinTypMaxUnitRemark
PAMS Technical Documentation
MBUSSerial clock
from the
Prommer
FBUS_RXSerial data
from the
Prommer
FBUS_TXData ac-
knowledge
to the
Prommer
GND GND00VSupply ground
2.0
0
2.0v
0v
2.0
0,1
2.8
0.8
2.8
0.8
2.8
0.8
VPrommer detection and Seri-
al Clock for synchronous
communication
VReceive Data from
Prommer to Baseband
VTransmit Data from Base-
band to Prommer
Page 38
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Issue 1 12/99
PAMS Technical Documentation
RF Module
Technical Summary
The RF module converts the signal received by the antenna to a
baseband signal and vice versa.
It consists of a conventional superheterodyne receiver and a transmitter
for each band and also two frequency synthesizers for the required
mixing.
The RF module includes one integrated circuit, the EROTUS a BiCMOS
ASIC.
The dual–band RF–module is capable for seamless operation between
800 MHz and 1900 MHz bands. In practise this means capability to
cross–band hand–offs and maho–measurements.
NSW-6
System Module SE2
The EROTUS includes:
– Limiter amplifier for the analog receiver
– An AGC amplifier for the digital receiver
– A receiver mixer for the 450kHz down conversion
– PLLs for the 1GHz UHF and VHF synthesizers
– IQ–modulators for the transmitter
– A power control circuit for the transmitter and the AGC amplifier
The power amplifiers (PAs) are GaAs HBT MMICs. They comprise two
800 MHz and three 1900 MHz amplifier stages with input and interstage
matching.
The LNA MMICs include:
– A LNA for each band with a step AGC
– Down converters for the receiver
– A prescaler for the LO buffer
On the next page is a graphical presentation of the used Frequency Plan.
RF Frequency Plan
Intermediate frequencies of the RX are the same in all operation modes.
RX/TX LO and TX IF modulator frequencies are different in TDMA800
and TDMA1900 operation modes. See figure below for details.
Issue 1 12/99
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Page 39
NSW-6
System Module SE2
PAMS Technical Documentation
1930.08–1989.96 MHz
869.04–893.97 MHz
2046.24–2106.18 MHz
LO 1
PLLLO 3
1850.01–1909.95 MHz
824.01–848.97 MHz
NOTE!
Frequencies in
TDMA1900
are printed in italics
mode
985.20–1010.16 MHz
196.23 MHz
161.19 MHz
LO 2
392.46 MHz
322.38 MHz
1st IF
116.19 MHz
PLL
f
f/2
PLL
VCTCXO
19.44 MHz
2nd IF
450 kHz
116.64 MHz
EROTUS
IF2 A–mode
450 kHz
IF2 D–mode
450 kHz
2f
f
58.32 MHz
3f
f
RFC 19.44 MHz
DC Characteristics
Power Distribution Diagram
There are two options for power distribution. 1st option is a dual band
phone, which is presented in the diagram next page. Current consumptions in the diagrams are only suggestive.
Page 40
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Issue 1 12/99
TypeYourNameHereTypeDateHere
PAMS Technical Documentation
NSW-6
System Module SE2
RFCEN
SPWR1
TXPWR1
RXPWR1
SPWR2
(via serial bus)
TXPWR3
TXP1
VR7_bias
DUAL BAND OPERA TION
VR1
VREF
VR2
V5V
VR6
VR5
VR4
VR3
CCONT
VR7
VRBBBASEBAND
2 mA
19.44 MHz
8 mA
30 mA
1 mA
4 mA
3 mA
15 mA
Enable
3 mA
55 mA
VCTCXO
3* Multiplier
UHF–
VCO
2 mA
COBBA_D
(Analog)
Detector
VRS
IF1 –
amp.
VHF
VCO
TQ UHF
LO buffer
TX mixer
TDMA800
TX PA bias
TDMA800
TX driver
TDMA800
2 mA
2 mA
6 mA
10 mA
5 mA (peak)
2 mA
1 mA
35 mA
26 mA/ 5.6 mA
1 mA
doubler
VHF
presc.
Bias
UHF
presc.
& PLL
Phase
Digital
supply
Power
control
Modulator
Digital m.
RX IF– parts
Analog m.
IF– parts
Limiter
EROTUS
Control
block
TX PA
TDMA800
Freq.
det.
SDATA
SCLK
SENA1
VBATT
RXPWR2
RXPWR3
SPWR3
TXP2
TXPWR2
Enable
VR8
VR9
VR10
VR11
VR12
19 mA
30 mA
35 mA
Enable
RX FRONT
END TDMA800
RX FRONT
END TDMA1900
TX mixer
TDMA1900
10 mA
10 mA
Enable
3 mA
65 mA
4 mA
TX PA
TDMA1900
2GHz VCO
2GHz PLL
TX PA bias
TDMA 1900
TX driver
TDMA1900
TQ UHF
LO buffer
5 mA
Issue 1 12/99
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Page 41
NSW-6
System Module SE2
Current consumption in different operation modes can be seen in the
table below:.
NOTES: * Mean value (ON/OFF=8/20ms), peak current 32.0 mA
** Mean value (ON/OFF=7/20ms), peak current 37.0 mA
*** Cobba_D mean current consumption estimated to be 30 mA
’ Mean value (ON/OFF=6.6/20ms), peak current 180.0 mA
’’ Mean value (ON/OFF=8/20ms), peak current 10.0 mA
’’’ Mean value (ON/OFF=8/20ms), peak current 15.0 mA when AGC2=1
^ Mean value (ON/OFF=6.6/20ms), peak current 68.0 mA
^^ Mean value (ON/OFF=6.6/20ms), peak current 39.0 mA
800 MHz
Analog
Control
Channel
[mA]
800 MHz
Analog
Traffic
Channel
[mA]
800 MHz
Digital
Control
Channel
[mA]
800 MHz
Digital
Traffic
Channel
[mA]
1900 MHz
Digital
Control
Channel
[mA]
1900 MHz
Digital
Traffic
Channel
[mA]
Regulators
Most of the RF voltage regulation functions are located in the regulator IC
CCONT. It has 8 separate regulators with power on/off controls (see fig
2). Regulator VR6 is used also for the COBBA_D IC and the rest of the
regulators VR1–VR7 are reserved for the RF blocks only. VR7_bias controls the 800MHz PA bias to boost better efficiency in analog mode and at
power levels 6 to 10 in digital mode. VSIM voltage is used for the PLL
charge pump supply. In dual band phone there is a need for 5 additional
regulators, which are integrated in Penta regulator IC.
Receiver
DAMPS800 RX
The receiver is a double conversion receiver. Most of the RX functions
are integrated in two ICs, namely receiver front end and EROTUS. Re-
Page 42
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Issue 1 12/99
PAMS Technical Documentation
ceiver front end contains a LNA and the 1st mixer. Analog and digital IF–
parts are integrated in the EROTUS.
The received RF signal from the antenna is fed through a duplex filter to
the receiver unit. The signal is amplified by a low noise preamplifier. In
digital mode the gain of the amplifier is controlled by the AGC2 control
line. The nominal gain of 19 – 20 dB is reduced in the strong signal
condition about 14 – 16 dB (in digital mode). After the preamplifier the
signal is filtered with a SAW RF filter. The filter rejects spurious signals
coming from the antenna and spurious emissions coming from the mixer
and IF parts.
The filtered RF–signal is downconverted by an active mixer. The frequency of the first IF is 116.19 MHz. The first local signal is generated in
the UHF synthesizer. The IF signal is fed through a SAW IF–filter. The
filter rejects intermodulating signals and the second IF image signal. The
filtered 1st IF is fed to the receiver section of the integrated RF circuit
EROTUS, which has separate IF paths for analog and digital modes of
operation.
NSW-6
System Module SE2
In digital mode the IF1 signal is amplified by an AGC amplifier, which has
a gain control range of 57 dB. The gain is controlled by an analog signal
with AGC1–line. The amplified IF signal is down converted to a second
IF in the mixer of EROTUS. The second local signal is the 6th overtone of
the 19.44 MHz VCTCXO. LO frequency multiplier is implemented in two
stages. First multiplication by 3 is done with a EROTUS multiplier with an
external trap and the second multiplication by 2 is done in the integrated
doubler in EROTUS.
The second IF frequency is 450 kHz. The second IF is filtered by two ceramic filters. The filter rejects signals on the adjacent channels. The filtered second IF is fed back to EROTUS, where it is amplified and fed
balanced out to COBBA_D via IF2D lines.
In analog mode the filtered and amplified IF1 signal is fed to a mixer. This
mixer has been optimized for low current consumption. After this the
mixer down converted signal is fed through the same IF2 filter as in digital
mode and finally it is amplified in the limiter amplifier. The limited IF2 signal is fed via balanced IF2A lines to COBBA_D, which has a digital FM–
detector. The limiter amplifier produces also a RSSI voltage for analog
mode field strength indication.
TDMA 1900 RX
On 1900 MHz band the receiver operates only in digital mode. There is a
separate front end for this band. IF–parts are common for both bands.
Operation of the receiver is similar to digital mode operation on 800 MHz
band.
Frequency Synthesizers
The stable frequency reference for the synthesizers and base band circuits is a voltage controlled temperature compensated crystal oscillator
Issue 1 12/99
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Page 43
NSW-6
System Module SE2
VCTCXO. Frequency of the oscillator is 19.44 MHz. It is controlled by an
AFC voltage, which is generated in the base band circuits. In digital mode
operation, the receiver is locked to base station frequency by AFC. Next
to detector diode, there is a sensor for temperature measurement. Voltage RFTEMP from this sensor is fed to baseband for A/D conversion.
This information of the RF PA–block temperature is used as input for
compensation algorithms.
The ON/OFF switching of the VCTCXO is controlled by the sleep clock in
the baseband via RFCEN. Other parts of the synthesizer section are 1
GHz VCO, 2 GHz VCO, VHF VCO, PLL for 2 GHz VCO and PLL sections
of the EROTUS IC.
DAMPS 800 operation
1GHz UHF synthesizer generates the down conversion injection for the
receiver and the up conversion injection for the transmitter. UHF frequency is 985.20 ... 1010.16 MHz, depending on the channel which is
used. 1GHz UHF VCO is a module. The PLL circuit is dual PLL, common
for both UHF and VHF synthesizers. These PLLs are included in the
EROTUS IC.
PAMS Technical Documentation
LO signal for the 2nd RX mixer is multiplied from the VCTCXO frequency
as described above.
VHF synthesizer is running only on digital or analog traffic channel.
322.38 MHz signal (divided by 2 in EROTUS) is used as a LO signal in
the I/Q modulator of the transmitter chain.
TDMA 1900 operation
2 GHz VCO with external PLL circuit generates 2046.24 ... 2106.18 MHz
injection signals for 1st RX mixer and TX upconverter.
VHF synthesizer is running only on digital traffic channel. Operating frequency 392.46 MHz is fed to EROTUS modulator, where it is divided by 2
and used as modulator LO signal.
Transmitter
DAMPS800 TX
The TX intermediate frequency is modulated by an I/Q modulator contained in the transmitter section of EROTUS IC. The TX I and TXQ signals are generated in the COBBA_D interface circuit and they are fed differentially to the modulator.
Page 44
Intermediate frequency level at the modulator output is controlled by
power control.
The output signal from EROTUS modulator is filtered to reduce harmonics and RX–band noise. The final TX signal is achieved by mixing the
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Issue 1 12/99
PAMS Technical Documentation
UHF VCO signal and the modulated TX intermediate signal in an active
mixer. After the mixing TX signal is amplified by a driver stage. From
driver stage the signal is fed trough the TX filter to PA MMIC.
The PA amplifies the TX signal by 28–32 dB. Amplified TX signal is filtered in the duplex filter. Then signal is fed to the antenna, where the
maximum output level is typically 480 mW.
The power control loop controls the gain of the EROTUS gain control
stage. The power detector consists of a directional coupler and a diode
rectifier. The output voltage of the detector is compared to TXC voltage in
EROTUS. The power control signal (TXC), comes from the RF interface
circuit, COBBA_D. TXP signal sets driver power down to ensure off–burst
level requirements.
False transmission indication is used to protect transmitter against false
transmission caused by component failure. Protection circuit is in EROTUS. The level for TXF is set by internal resistor values in EROTUS.
Because of wide temperature range, it is necessary to compensate the
effect of temperature on the output power. To monitor this environment
change, temperature measurement is done by using NTC resistor. A
Factor table is used for temperature compensation. The table values are
defined without factory measurements. Temperature is measured and
right compensation value is added to TXC–value. Requirement for compensation update is for every 1 minutes or after every 5 degrees C of
temperature change. This means that the output power is reduced linearly from level 2 to –1dB when temperature inside the phone is above +80
C in analog mode and above +65 C in digital mode.
Power Levels (TXC) vs. Channel
PAMS Technical Documentation
Duplexer frequency response ripple is compensated by software. Power
levels are calibrated on four channels in production. Values for channels
between these tuned channels are calculated using linear interpolation.
Power levels vs. Battery Voltage
To extend battery duration in digital mode, the output power is decreased
linearly from level 2 to –1dB when battery voltage drops below 3.3V.
TX Power Up/Down Ramps
Transmitter output power up/down ramps are controlled by SW. A special
ramp tables are used for that. Requirement is for nine different ramps in
digital mode for both operating bands and one ramp for analog mode.
Separate ramps are used in power up and power down ramps.
Digital Mode RSSI
Digital mode RSSI vs. input signal is calibrated in production, but RSSI
vs. temperature and RSSI vs. channel are compensated by software.
Page 46
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Issue 1 12/99
PAMS Technical Documentation
RF Block Specifications
Receiver
DAMPS 800MHz RX Front End
Receiver front end is integrated in the IC. It has RF amplifier with a gain
step and an active mixer. RX interstage filter is a SAW filter.
NSW-6
System Module SE2
ParameterMinTyp/
MaxUnit
Nom
Supply voltage2.72.82.85V
RF amplifier current cons.10.011.0mA
Mixer current consumption3.05.0mA
LO buffer current consumption2.03.0mA
2nd buffer current consumption2.03.0mA
RF amplifier frequency range 869 – 894MHz
RF amplifier insertion gain181920dB, AGC2 = H
RF amplifier gain variation±1.0dB, temp –30...+85 C
RF amplifier absolute gain red.15dB, AGC2 = L
RF amplifier noise figure1.72.0dB, AGC2 = H
RF amplifier noise figure15dB, AGC2 = L
RF amplifier reverse isolation15dB
RF amplifier IIP3–7–6dBm
RF amp input VSWR2.0(Zo=50 ohms)
RF amp output VSWR2.0(Zo=50 ohms)
Mixer input frequency range 869 – 894MHz
Mixer power gain456dB
Mixer NF, SSB89dB
Mixer IIP35710dBm
Mixer single input resistance50Ω
Mixer bal. output resistance900Ω (open collector)
LO level in mixer RF–input–3–0+3dBm
Mixer RF–IF isolation2040dB
LO signal frequency range9851011MHz
LO input resistance50Ω
Value(s) based on NMP specification nr.19190
TDMA 1900MHz RX Front End
Receiver front end is integrated in the IC. It has RF amplifier with a gain
step and an active mixer. RX interstage filter is a dielectric filter.
Issue 1 12/99
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Page 47
NSW-6
System Module SE2
PAMS Technical Documentation
ParameterMinTyp/
MaxUnit
Nom
Supply voltage2.72.82.85V
RF amplifier current cons.15.017.0mA
Mixer current consumption11.015.0mA
RF amplifier frequency range 1930 – 1990MHz
RF amplifier insertion gain181920dB, AGC2 = H
RF amplifier gain variation±1.0dB, temp –30...+85 C
RF amplifier absolute gain red.15dB, AGC2 = L
RF amplifier noise figure1.72.0dB, AGC2 = H
RF amplifier noise figure15dB, AGC2 = L
RF amplifier reverse isolation15dB
RF amplifier IIP3–7dBm
Mixer input frequency range 1930 – 1990MHz
Mixer power gain456dB
Mixer NF, SSB89dB
Mixer 1/2 IF Spurious rejection–70–68dBc
Mixer IIP35710dBm
LO level in mixer RF–input–10–6–4dBm
Mixer RF–IF isolation2030dB
LO signal frequency range2046.22106.2MHz
LO single ended input level200mVpp
LO input resistance50Ω
* Value(s) based on NMP specification nr.19191
SAW Filter
The 1st IF filter is a SAW filter. The function of the filter is to provide attenuation for the intermodulating signals
Analog IF parts
Analog mode IF–parts are included in EROTUS. Functional blocks: IF1
amplifier, a 2x–multiplier for LO signal, a mixer and a limiter amplifier
with RSSI. Specifications for analog mode IF–parts are in table 5. IF2
filter is a double 450 kHz ceramic filter.
Supply voltage2.72.82.9V
IF1 amp + mixer current cons.68mA
6x freq. multipl. current cons.1.8mA
Limiter + RSSI current cons.1.3mA
ParameterMinTyp/
Nom
MaxUnit
(+0.6 mA in d–mode)
Page 48
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
Issue 1 12/99
PAMS Technical Documentation
NSW-6
System Module SE2
MinParameter
UnitMaxTyp/
Nom
Power up time2ms
RF input impedance single end900//–1kohm//pF
RF input frequency range45116.19120MHz
Noise figure, IF1 amp + mixer8dB, RF = 116 MHz
Conversion gain @
Rl=1.5kohm
Conversion gain variationTBDdB, temp –30...+85 C
3rd order input intercept point20mV
Mixer output frequency range450kHz
Mixer out to limiter in isolation7080dB, @ 450 kHz
Limiter input frequency450kHz
Limiter input limiting range30uV
Limiter output voltage0.3V
Limiter output resistive load10kW
Limiter output capacitive load5pF
RSSI dynamic range6570dB
RSSI starting level @ LIMIN13060uVrms
RSSI voltage slope510mV/dB
RSSI voltage range0.11.5V
RSSI output capacitive load50pF
RSSI output resistive load500kΩ
Freq. multiplier input frequency19.44MHz
Input signal spurious levels–8–10dBc, (19.44 MHz
Input signal level50tbdmV
2533dB
rms
rms
pp
spurs)
peak
Digital IF parts
The digital IF–parts of EROTUS comprise AGC Amplifer with 57 dB control range, a mixer and a buffer amplifier for the last IF.
Supply voltage2.72.82.9V
Current consumption43mA
RF input frequency range45116.19120MHz
Local frequency (6x19.44 MHz)116.64MHz
IF frequency450kHz
Max voltage gain, AGC + mixer47dB
Min voltage gain, AGC + mixer–10dB
Gain change, AGC + mixer±5dB, temp
Issue 1 12/99
ParameterMinTyp/
Nom
Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
MaxUnit
–30...+85 C
Page 49
NSW-6
System Module SE2
PAMS Technical Documentation
Noise figure @ max gain8dB
Control voltage for min gain0.5V
Control voltage for max gain1.41.45V
AGC gain control slopeTBD90TBDdB/V
Mixer output 1dB compr. point0.8V
Gain of the last IF buffer343638dB, single ended
Max IF2–buffer output level1.4V
IF2–buffer output impedance300ohm, single ended
Transmitter
RF Characteristics of the transmitter:
TX frequency range824.01...848.97 MHz1850.01...1909.95 MHz
Type
Intermediate frequency161.19 MHz196.23 MHz
Nominal power on highest power level480mW (≈ 26.8 dBm) / 400mW (≈ 26 dBm)
Power control range65 dB
Maximum rms error vector12.5 %