The equipment has been designed and constructed according to D.P.R. n° 459 of 24th July
1996 (regulation for accomplishment of Norms 89/392/CEE, 91/368/CEE, 93/44/CEE and
93/68/CEE regarding the unification of States members laws in so far as machines are
concerned).
It has been designed and constructed according to European Norms UNI EN 292-1, UNI EN
292-2, UNI EN 292-2/A1, UNI EN 983, CEI EN 60439-1, CEI EN 60 204-1.
Only authorized and skilled personnel will be allowed to carry out installation, start up as well
as routine and planned maintenance.
1.2. How to displace the unit
Particular care and attention should be put in during moving and displacing of heavy items, in
order to avoid injuries to persons or damage properties. The heavy parts must be lifted and
displaced always hooking and lifting them by the points shown on the drawings (see fig. 1) and
using only suitable ropes, hooks and/or chains, according to the weight (see weight table § 3.5
page 6).
1.3. Hydraulics
All operations must be performed by and/or under direct supervision of skilled and authorized
operators, using proper tools and personal protection devices if required (CE marked).
Before any operation of taking out pipes or part of hydraulic system, it is required to release
the pressure inside and empty the part of the system.
1.4. Electrical
Before starting any operation on electrical devices, be sure that main power supply is OFF.
All operations must be performed by skilled and authorized operators.
In case of liquid leakage, switch off the main power supply before operate. Before the
switching ON, be sure all the parts of the system are perfectly dry. Check that the available
electrical power is correct, (see § 3.2 page 5) before connection. Do not make preliminary wiring
connections.
protect from sun-light and rain.
protect from sun-light and rain.
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2. Principles of working
AUTOMATIC FILTERS INSTRUCTIONS MANUAL
FC/D - FAC/D
FC/D
and
FAC/D
series filters are used for water treatment for residential and industrial
applications as well. All the materials are food grade and approved for drinking water.
2.1. Quartz-sand filters FC/D
The filtration through a sand media is a mechanical process that allows to remove
suspended solids (even of small dimensions) from water.
The slower is the linear flow (speed of water trough the filtering bed), the better is the
filtration action.
During the process, as the filtering bed traps the suspended particles, as filtration action
increases, since the trapped solids works the same way of a filtering bed!
But it also increases the resistance of the filtering bed against the water flow; so the pressure
drop between inlet and outlet increases as well.
The maximum allowed pressure drop is 1 bar (100 kPa), after that it is required to backwash
the filtering bed.
The purpose of the backwashing is to re-built the filtering bed efficiency, by removing the
solids trapped during service; it is featured by a counter-flow of water through the filtering bed.
The working of the system is controlled by an automatic programmer, allowing to schedule
the day and the hour of the regeneration (backwashing).
For the best working of the filter, the backwashing should be featured before the pressure
drop reaches the threshold level (1 bar - 100 kPa). According to that, it is suggested to schedule
the regeneration according to a pressure drop of 0.6÷0.7 bar (60÷70 kPa).
During regeneration the water supplying is completely inhibited by means of a membrane
valve mounted on the outlet line.
2.2. Activated-carbon filters FAC/D
Filtration through a bed of activated carbon is the process that allows to remove organic
matters and chlorine from water.
The lower is the flow rate, the better is the filtration action.
FAC/D
activated-carbon used as de-chlorination (chlorine removal) is very long; it works as chemical
reduction of chlorine to chloride ion.
Activated carbon action is not selective in removing the substances contained in water and
crossing the filtering bed: hence, it removes also the organics the water contains, if any.
Therefore, it could happen that the filtering bed is exhausted or clogged by the trapping of
substances contained in water, even if the purpose of treatment was not the removal of these
substances, but just the de-chlorination.
Furthermore, it could happen that the filtering bed releases some of the substances
previously trapped in higher concentration than before.
Since it is quite impossible to forecast the exhaustion of the activated carbon bed, or to
monitor the exhaustion itself, with current instrumentation, the utilization of an activated carbon
filter must be strictly avoided without adequate pre-treatments, like quartz-sand filtration,
chlorination, etc.
series filters are designed and sized for chlorine removal. The expected life of
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AUTOMATIC FILTERS INSTRUCTIONS MANUAL
FC/D - FAC/D
Whether raw water contains organics and/or is biologically polluted,
CANNOT
be used without written authorization by NOBEL Technical Department.
FAC/D
series filters
The activated-carbon bed also works as a mechanic filter same way of quartz-sand bed.
Although this working should be avoided, it can happen that the pressure drop of activatedcarbon bed reaches a value of 1 bar (100 kPa); in this case the backwashing of the filtering bed
is required.
The equipment allows to schedule the days (how often) and time of day for the regeneration,
same way of quartz-sand filters, as above explained.
It is recommended to run the regeneration only when it is strictly required: the backwashing
causes the mixing of the bed and could displace the higher layers of activated carbon (most
polluted) from the top to the bottom of the column.
During regeneration the water supplying is completely inhibited by means of a membrane
valve mounted on the outlet line.
3. Technical characteristics
3.1. Assumed raw water characteristics
water temperature (min÷max)
•
water pressure (min÷max)
•
ºC (ºF) 5÷40 (41÷104)
bar (kPa) 1.5÷8.0 (150÷800)
3.2. Technical characteristics (general)
power supply
•
regeneration time
•
p min/max
• ∆
V ph/Hz W 230 1/50 50
min. 20÷30
bar (kPa) 0.2÷1.0 (20÷100)
The vessels are shipped wrapped in a plastic foil; remove it with care before starting-up.
Keep the cards and everything contained inside the packaging.
The media filter are shipped as separated:
• in bags of 25 kg (35 liters) each or fraction anthracite
• in bags of 50 kg each or fraction quartz sand
• in bags of 25 kg (50 liters approx.) each or fraction activated carbon
5÷45ºC (41÷113ºF)
5÷95 % without condensate
protection required
protection required
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AUTOMATIC FILTERS INSTRUCTIONS MANUAL
FC/D - FAC/D
4.3. How to move and lift the unit
The vessels can be displaced when they are empty, hooking and lifting by the special rings
mounted on the upper part of the vessels (see fig. 1). It is recommended to use proper sized
hooks and ropes, according to the weight. It is also possible to hook and lift the vessel by the
bearing legs.
GOLFARI
CAUTION : DO NOT LIFT OR MOVE THE UNIT HOOKING OR
GAMBE DI SOSTEGNO
Figure A
CATCHING BY THE PRE-ASSEMBLED PARTS.
4.4. Placing & commissioning
Place the unit according to the available room of the site and the required room for current
maintenance and service of the equipment. See the dimensional drawing.
Place the column on a perfectly flat surface. The position shown on the installation drawing is
•
only suggested; the column can be placed in different positions, according to the inlet/outlet
connections on the valve group.
Load the supplied quartz-sand (2-3 mm size for FC/D filters, 1-2 mm size for FAC/D filters)
•
into the vessel, through the lower man-hole, until the sand covers completely the filter-
nozzles. Make a flat surface of the sand using a wooden tool, in order to avoid any damage
to the coating of the vessel. Close the man-hole tightening the nuts.
Load the rest of supplied media filter into the vessel, through the upper man-hole (or through
•
the upper head, see
components drawing
that the shipped and available quantity complies exactly with the quantity listed in the Weight
Table (§ 3.5 page 6).
Filtering media must be loaded, one after the other one, and according to the following order:
quartz sand 2÷3 mm (only for filters FC)
◊
quartz sand 1÷2 mm
◊
quartz sand 0.4÷0.7 mm (only for filters FC)
◊
anthracite (only for filters FC)
◊
activated carbon (only for filters FAC)
◊
After completed the loading, close the upper man-hole (or upper head)
•
Fix the group with membrane valves to the column (if separately shipped, see installation
•
drawing)
). The media filter are shipped separately; check
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AUTOMATIC FILTERS INSTRUCTIONS MANUAL
FC/D - FAC/D
4.5. Hydraulic connections
In order to avoid shut-off during maintenance operations, an emergency by-pass line
should be provided
Complete the line from inlet fittings to the raw water line.
•
Complete the line from outlet fittings (valve V2) to the treated water line.
•
Connect the drain valves (V1 and V5) to a floor drain. The gate valve mounted downstream
•
of the valve V5 will be used to adjust the backwash flow rate.
A common flexible pipe made in plastic or rubber can be used for the drain line; its diameter
must be of at least one size larger of the one mentioned on “CHARACTERISTICS FOR
EACH MODEL” table.
It is suggested the drain line could be inspected in order to check quantity and quality of
drain water, as well as any leakage of media filter from the unit.
Connect the inlet air fitting, placed on the base manifold of the solenoyd valves, to a
•
compressed air-mains, complete with pressure reducer, dehumidifier filter and shut-off valve.
The air pressure must be kept at value equal or higher of the pressure of water to be treated,
with max value of 8.0 bar.
Whether water is used to pilot the valves, the inlet fitting of the base manifold of the solenoyd
valves must be connected to the pilot water fitting (¼"), pre-arranged on the inlet manifold of
the column; run to the drain a pipe from the drain fitting (¼") of the base manifold of the
solenoyd valves.
Complete the line between the outlet fitting of each solenoyd valve to the correspondent
•
membrane valve:
SOLENOYD VALVE MEMBRANE VALVES
EV no. TYPE no. TYPE
1 NC V1 NC
2 NC V2 NA
3 NC V3-V4-V5 NC-NA-NC
All the solenoyd valves can be hand-driven by the lever placed at the base of each of them; the
turning of the lever simulate the action of the coil. Then, for valves NC type, the valve is closed
when the lever is on parallel to the base; it is opened when the lever is on perpendicular to the
base itself.
4.6. Electrical wiring connections
Connect the power cable of the
•
programmer to a power socket
check that the available power is
correct as listed in technical
characteristics (see § 3.2 page 5).
The relais R, available upon request,
•
allows to have a free voltage contact
for remote segnalation of running
regeneration; the wiring connection
must be done directly on the clamps
of NO contact on the relais itself.
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AUTOMATIC FILTERS INSTRUCTIONS MANUAL
FC/D - FAC/D
5. End cycle and regeneration
5.1. End cycle
The adjustment of the end cycle depends on the quantity of suspended solids the water
contains.
Take note of the parameters to be taken in consideration, as below listed, since a correct
adjustment can be made only checking the real operating conditions.
The end of a cycle is reached when the pressure drop across the filter is approx. 0.8÷1.0 bar
(80÷100 kPa). After checked after how long time the max allowable pressure drop is reached, it
is possible to adjust the time schedule of the regeneration definitely.
The filters are equipped with an electronic time programmer that allows to schedule the
automatic regeneration: it starts at selected time and day (24 h, 7 days).
5.2. Regeneration
The regeneration is automatically controlled; it can also be started manually, at any time.
The manual start of a regeneration can be made by a proper sequence of pushing the
buttons 1 and 2 placed on the programmer, in order to act the relays of the channels 1 and 2.
During the operation, the power must be ON.
When the regeneration, manually started, is completed, the unit will go on to work according
to the pre-set schedule.
The regeneration can also run in case of power failure, by hand-driving the lever of the pilot
solenoyd valves: the solenoyd valve is closed when the lever is on parallel to the base and it is
open when it is on perpendicular to the base itself. Naturally, the compressed air supplying (air
controlled valves) or pilot water supplying (water controlled valves) must be assured.
The correspondent membrane valves (controlled by the pilot solenoyd ones), if NC type is
open when the solenoyd valve is open, and viceversa if the membrane valve is NO type.
PHASE SOLENOYD VALVES
OPEN VALVES
EXCITED (=OPEN)
SERVICE // V2 - V4
BACKWASHING E2 - E3 V3 - V5
RINSE E1 - E2 V1 - V4
The regeneration phases run one after another, as follows :
1.
Backwash :
during this phase, the water flushes from the bottom to the top of the column,
lifting the filtering media and releasing the solids trapped on its surface during the service.
The backwashing water flows to drain from the top of the column. This is the only phase,
during which the water crosses through the column from the bottom to the top.
2.
Rinse :
it is the phase during which the filtering media are rinsed; at the end of this phase
the column is ready to start again a new service cycle.
NOTE: During regeneration the water supplying is completely inhibited by means of a
membrane valve mounted on the outlet line.
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AUTOMATIC FILTERS INSTRUCTIONS MANUAL
FC/D - FAC/D
5.3. How to set the time of regeneration
The electronic programmer keep in memory the program by mean of an EEPROM; the time
of the day is memorized even in case of power failure (internal not-rechargeable buffer battery,
charge life max 5 years without power).
The setting or modification of the factory set values, shown on table below, is very easy. Just
take note that the start of backwashing phase is controlled by the exciting of channel 1, the
starting of the rinse phase by the exciting of channel 2, the end of rinse phase (therefore the
end of regeneration) by the elapsed time pre-set for channel 1.
For any informations concerning how to operate and modify, see attached special
instructions of the programmer.
FACTORY SET FOR FC FILTERS
start of backwash end of backwash
channel 1 ON 23.00
channel 2
FACTORY SET FOR FAC FILTERS
start of backwash end of backwash
channel 1 ON 23.00
channel 2
(regeneration once a day)
end of rinse at rest position
start of rinse
ON 23.20
OFF 23.25
(regeneration once a week)
end of rinse at rest position
start of rinse
ON 23.10
OFF 23.15
of CH2
OFF 23.30
of CH2
OFF 23.30
6. Starting-up
The starting-up of the unit consists of running a first regeneration cycle, during which the
filtering media column will be filled of water, all automatic features will be checked and the unit
will be prepared to start the service.
At the beginning, it is suggested to operate manually, hand-driven the valves, as above
explained at the § "Regeneration". This way will allow to stop, to run for longer time or to repeat
each phase as desired.
To start-up the unit, proceed as follows :
DISCONNECT ELECTRIC POWER
•
Open the by-pass and inlet valves, keeping the outlet one shut.
•
close the gate valve along the backwash drain line
•
hand-drive the solenoyd valves E3 to open the backwashing membrane valves
•
open slowly and gradually the gate valve on backwash drain line. The water will enter inside
•
the vessel from the bottom and, during filling, will expel the air inside it.
when only water will come out from the drain, adjust the drain valve in order that the flow rate
•
will be the highest allowable without any leakage of media filter through the drain line; when
the proper flow rate of backwash has been stated, adjust the gate valve definitely. The
backwashing phase must run until all the water coming out the drain is perfectly clear.
Hand-drive the solenoyd valves E3 to close the backwashing membrane valves.
•
Hand-drive the solenoyd valve E1 to open the membrane valve V1 (RINSE); the rinse phase
•
must run until all the water coming out the drain is perfectly clear.
Hand-drive the solenoyd valves E1 to close the valve V1 and to conclude the regeneration.
•
Switch ON the control panel.
•
Open the outlet valve and close the by-pass valve.
•
Starting now the unit is on service and feeds treated water.
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AUTOMATIC FILTERS INSTRUCTIONS MANUAL
7. Service & maintenance
Automatic filters are equipment designed to treat raw water supplied from
municipalities or from well.
ANY OTHER APPLICATIONS OF THE EQUIPMENT DIFFERENT THAN THE MENTIONED
ONES IS MADE UNDER THE ONLY RESPONSIBILITY OF THE USER.
The correct handling of the equipment requires :
check that the air and/or water pressure are within the stated values.
•
Not any further special maintenance operations are required.
There is not any consumption material to be currently replaced.
The average life of the filter-bed is approx. 5÷8 years, according to the quality of raw water
and how often regeneration is featured.
FC/D - FAC/D
7.1. Disposal
In case of disposal of the unit or parts of it, it must be made according to local laws
concerning the waste of the materials.
Concerning media filter, they are natural products that, at origin state, can be disposed of as
natural products. Whether the activated carbon had trapped special and particular substances,
the carbon will be classified as same class of the trapped substances.
To dispose of them it should be required to identify the class of this waste, by a detailed
analysis.
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8. Main components
AUTOMATIC FILTERS INSTRUCTIONS MANUAL
FC/D - FAC/D
Quantity
1 vessel in coated carbon steel (see table DIMENSIONS)
1 internal water distribution system (see following table)
# filtering media (see table WEIGHT)
5 membrane valves made in cast-iron (see following table)
3 pilot solenoyd valves TYPE_______
1 electronic programmer type VEMER LOGIK DW2
# galvanized steel fittings several size