Nikon S-kt User Manual

MICROSCOPEmodeI

S-Kt

INSTRUCTIO

NS

NIPPON

KOGAKU K.K.

I

CONTENTS

NOMENCLATURE

1. ATTACHINGTHELENSES

2. (1)

Mounting

(2)

Mounting the Eyepieces

(3)

Mounting

ILLUMINATION

3.

(1)

Condenser lris Diaphragm

(z

LightSource...

(3

Condenser

(4

Brightness

(5

Preparation

(6

Observation Photom

17 (8)

F ilters

(9)

lllumination for Very Low Magnifications

(10)

Replacing the

4.

FOCUSTNG

(1)

Focusins

(21

EyepieceAdjustment

(3)

CoarseFocusing .......1a

(41

PresetDevice

(5)

FineFocusing

(6)

Oil lmmersion

(Vl

ExchangingStages

MOVTNG

5. (1)

Rectangular Mechanical Circular

l2l

PHOTOMICROGRAPHY

6.

7.

COMBINATIONS.

(1)

lnterchangeableEyepieceTubes

(21

lnterchangeableStages

OBJECTIVES, EYEPIECES, CONDENSERS ......21

8. (1)

Objectives ......2i

(21

Eyepieces

(3)

Combinations of

(4)

Condensers .. .....25

(5)

llluminationSystem .....25

CAUTIONS IN HANDLING AND MAINTENANCE -27

9.

the

Objectives . .

. . .

the

Condenser . .

..

Focusing

Adjustment

and Adjustment for

icrography

Bulb

Knob

.

Observation

;

. . ...

nOiusireni........... ....13

........14

.....i........15

THE SPECTMEN

Gliding Stage

Objectives and

THE

ON

Stage

"C"

STAGE

"R"

Eyepieces

........20

.......6

....

. .

....13

...14

. ..1b

. . . . .

. . .

. . . .

....18

...19

......20

. ....29

. .

6 l 7

8 g

g g q

f 6

p n

13

tf

16 16 17

23

E

yep

iece

I. NOMENCTATURE(]YIODEL

SBR.I{I)

Revolving

Objective

Stage lock

Filter

holder for

Condenser (range

2Bmm)

Field

diaphragm

F

ield

lens

Voltmeter Field

diaphragm

Lamp

housing

Voltage

change-over

nosepiece

screw

33mm

focusing

centering

window

ring

socket

diameter filter

knob

screw

key

Diopter

adjusting

rrng

I nterpupillary

Condenser

Knob for longitudinal travel of stage

Coarse

distance adjusting

Frrcnicec tilhc clamn

Condenser

Lock

d iaph

lever for oblique

Condenser iris diaphragm

Knob

focus

for the

screw

ragm eccentering

ragm eccenteri

diaph

for lateral travel

tension adjusting

(range

knob

focus

knob

(54-74mm)

Screw

holder

Slide

clamP

condenser

lever

illumination

of stage

38mm)

ng

ring

fi=

rotation 0.2mm,

one

Brightness

Coarse

F

ine

adjusting

focus

Cord connector

knob

focus

range 38mm)

dial

Main switch

lever

Preset

5

2.

ATTAC]IINO

THT LENSTS

Before attaching eyepiece outer mark may contrast.

(1)

Take objectives. to the nosepiece revolver, microscope each hand, with Microscope sr rr face of the noseniece spots is advisable to mount below the indication low to high

to

lens

Mounting

special care when

Before attaching

objective with the fingers

screw

those of the other hand

indicated

the objective

microscope,

the

surfaces.

often

stage sufficiently.

it into

model

powers

Even

interfere with

the

Objectives

each nosepiece

has

S-Kt

@), O

as

below:

and

spot

@,

a

handling

the objectives

on the upper

revolver

O

the

in

and the

clean

the

light finger

image

the

lower the

Securing

of

one

hole

(Fig.

3)

f

our

(Fig.

4) lt

objectives

from

order

example

@ @

o

@..

When outer first finger. barrels because alignment of the objec-

maV

tives

.... 4xobjective

....10Xobjective

....40Xobjective

. ...looxobjective

rotating

milled rim

Do

be disturbed

the

with

not

revolver,

your

push

hold the

thumb

the objective

and

Fis.

Fig'

3

4

(2)

Mounting

For mounting, simply into the eyepiece tube.

ed that the eyepiece be

not in use

when entrance Or

removed tube, can be screw, anv desired

microscope stand.

the clamp screw

tube can

another

of dust into

the eyepiece cap

insert

eyepiece. The inclined

trinocular, binocular

rotated

for convenience

direction

be

type.

Eyepieces

the

in order to

loosening the

after

without moving

By

(Fig.

removed

put

lt is left in

the eyepiece tube.

in viewing

further releasing

5) the eyepiece

and

eyepiece

the

recommend-

place

even

prevent

place

in gr

replaced

of the

eyepiece

monocular,

clamp

from

with

the

Fis. 5

(3)

Mounting the

To mount the

insert

screw.

beneath will this

lever tion so as with

distance

tween

the

the condenser

by turning

and

the condenser

go.

Then, tighten

locate the diaphragm

case

and its screw

facilitate their manipulation

to

one hand

for retaining immersion

the lower surface

too of condenser

the condenser

Gondenser

condenser,

(Fig.

raised to the upper

is

loosen the

the condenser

holder as

lock

the

eccentering

convenient

at a

6). The the

of

is obtained

focus

lock

from

far as it

screw.

posi-

correct

oil

slide

when

limit

knob.

In

Fis.6

be-

and

I TTlJ]t|I]{ATION

3.

Resolution

affected

(1)

Stop and center phragm trast and resolution. are

distinguished metrical 7,a,bl.

When as to let at an angle of inc.idence aperture angle of

lution reaches much as the resolution natron. lf the diaphragm is further

such an extent bundle entering dark

(Fig.

and

image

by the

illumination

Condenser

down

slide it in

to edge.

is off-center,

shadows

the iris diaphragm

the light bundle enter

field

7,

c). lf the iris

lris

Diaphragm

the

condenser

a radial

The

the

Details

by increased

at the

the objective,

the maximum

to

as

the objective,

illumination

diaphragm

contrast

iris

direction

more

higher

boundaries

is

by central

decentered to

prevent

will

greatly

are

method.

diaphragm

from

the iris

of the object

and

positioned

equal

and twice

be

dia-

the

con-

unsym-

(Fig.

so

the object

to the

reso-

the

as

illumi-

light

the

oblique

obtained

is opened

wide, images angles unfavorable for cl

uded.

In tion is iris

aperture angle of the objective. case field

minimized. lf the

er,

resolution

diaphragm is large enough 60-700/0 of the objective decrease nounceo.

lf

the diaphragm is minimum light reflection, refraction, aggerated the misinterpretation of

obtained.

are

central illumination

obtained when the

diaphragm

excessive outer rays

illumination

contrast is enhanced,

of

for

bundles, the

so

image

edges which may likely

illumination

by

An illumination

the object may

maximum resolu-

just

are cut off

opening

is lowered.

resolution

admitting only very

effects

that fringes

opening of the

corresponds

as used

ismade

although the

But

aperture, the

will not

stopped down to the

of diffraction,

etc., may

may be

the image, but it

at

for

and

if

the iris

to cover

be

various

angle

be in-

to the In this

dark

flare

is

small-

pro-

small

be ex-

seen at

induce

Fig.7

(a)

Central

illumination

(b)

Oblique

illumination

(c)

Dark field illumination

may be effective

(e.9.

definition of the

unstained

(2)

As already plays

for microscopy. phragm numerical aperture equal in order

ln

light by down will bring cases.

phragm

pupil)

by after

the

user,

procedure,

adjusting

satisfactory

obta

lf high high nation suited

Fig. I

specimens) .

Light Source

discussed,

important

an

should

to that of

to obtain

practice,

whlch

closing

the aperture

to 60-700/o

about

The coincidence

aperture

the objective

of

looking down

removing the

diaphragm

however,

and obtain

the

i ned

.

resolution and, at

contrast are

may be

for lightly stained specimens,

for

general

the

role

principle,

In

be so adjusted

of the

the objective being

maximum

however,

would

diaphragm

distinctness

effective. This

keeping

reduce image contrast

of that

good results in most

the aperture

with

can be ascertained

the

eyepiece and

slowly.

may

dispense

the same

desirable,

special

of the

of condenser

occasions

structure of

iris diaphragm

illumination

in

the dia-

the

that

condenser

used,

resolution.

out stray

condenser

of the objective

dia-

(exit

microscope tube

closing

experienced

An

this

with

result by

opening

the image

of

the same

oblique

until

time,

illumi-

is especially

trans-

parent phase with this contrast

may

be of illumination, phragm.

condenser

The

in

ed

any

time

same

manipulation

This

is

one

using

for decentering

finger

for opening

finger

phragm.

(3)

Condenser

Condenser turning

manipulation

This

Koehler

observation. placed

at

lowered.

(4)

Brightness

The conventional

brightness

by a

been

whereby

cnangeo. Either method, tageous

the

and presents

microscope Modern, advanced nology has

the

ing

so-called

has been

brightness

of the

Model

scope

light adjuster

of

specimens,

illumination,

resolution

and

necessary to

direction

radially sliding

hand,

(See

Fig.8)

a sharp

change

turning

by

aperture

rotating

by

can be

the thumb

or closing

Focusing

focusing

the condenser

type

The

the upper

is accomplished

focusing

is necessary

illumination

condenser

limit and

Adjustment

method

of the

the

in

that

latter,

difficulty

base.

flow time

thyristor

developed

microscope

rheostat or

voltage

however,

former

the

due

mounting

in

semi-conductor

provided a facility

of electric

of extremely

to

the

of

has

S-Kt

built

However,

etc.

variation

may appear;

the direction

iris dia-

the

may be decenter-

at the

and

the diaphragm.

and

the

only

first

middle

the

dia-

done by

and

Knob

by

knob.

for

mainly

or dark

of adiusting

transformer,

or amPerage

is disadvan-

produces

to its

enable

lamp, The adopted in the

field

is usually

not

need

the

lamp has

heat

large size,

in the

it

tech-

for chang-

means. A

size

small

regulation

Micro-

type

this

microscope

in

it

be

is

Dase. Turn the side voltmeter age, the direction of the

(5)

brightness ad

of the

base, and the

window will indicate

increasing

as the wheel

arrow below it.

Preparation

and Adjustment for

Observation

Attaching the Lamp

O

As shown in Fig. connector, facing

fasten

and the outside Attaching

@

The lamp

it

by a clockwise

lock ring.

the Lamp

socket lows: Insert

groove

the

socket,

according to

10). Turn it clockwise

the

Since positioned

for further Do not insert leave attain the Centering

O

socket will

f riction,

by

justment.

ad

the

a clearance

brightest illumination.

the

Radiant Field Diaphragm Using the

specimen the radiant field condenser sharply phragm

40X objective,

into

sharp

diaphragm. Move

lens

focused

is

obtained

surface. Then, move

image to the

the two centering When

switching to other

the

diaphragm image deviate producing, results for

center

from

the

however,

routine

screws

justing

wheel

green

area

the volt-

is turned in

Cord

insert

9,

the

notch

the cord

upward,

turn of

Socket

is

attached

fitting

the

the markinS

push

and

automatically

there is

socket

of

about 2mm to

no

fullv,

bring the

focus.

Fully

vertically,

image

on the

of the

specimen

the

diaphragm

until

by manipulating

(Fig.

1 1).

objectives,

may

slightly

centered

no

position.

objectionable

observation.

at the in

the

fol-

as

key

(FiS.

it

need

but

close

the

dia-

in be

Fis.

9

Fig. 10

a

11

Fig.

10