SHAPING THE FUTURE OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
User Manual
for
AZ420 Telco Satellite Modem
version 2.0
User Manual for AZ420 Telco Satellite Modem
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© 2010 Newtec Cy N.V..
The material contained in this document is confidential and intended for use only
by parties authorised by Newtec.
All Rights Reserved. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means whether,
electronic, mechanical, or otherwise without the prior written permission of
Newtec Cy N.V..
Newtec Cy N.V.
Laarstraat 5
9100 Sint-Niklaas, Belgium
General: +32 (0)3 780 65 00
www.newtec.eu
Fax +32 (0)3 780 65 49
General: general@newtec.eu
Compliancy Statements
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COMPLIANCY STATEMENTS
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN
EC DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
We,
Newtec Cy N.V.
Declare that the following product:
Product number:
with type identifier: NTC/2210 (IF) and NTC/2215 (L-Band)
to which this declaration relates is in conformity with the essential requirements of
European Union Directive 1999/5/EC Radio and Telecommunication Terminal
Equipment Directive Essential Requirement 3.1(a), 3.1 (b), 3.2.
Done at St-Niklaas, on 05 February, 2010
Serge Van Herck,
CEO
Compliancy Statements
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TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN
Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS)
(Directive 2002/95/EC)
The undersigned hereby confirms the following statement:
We hereby declare that this equipment is compliant to the RoHS Directive
2002/95/EC.
Done at St-Niklaas, on 05 February, 2010
Serge Van Herck,
CEO
Safety Regulations
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SAFETY REGULATIONS
Please read this chapter before you install and use this equipment.
To ensure your safety, the equipment has been designed to comply with the
following safety standard:
IEC 60950 Safety of Information Technology Equipment
Before you start to install and operate the modem, please make sure you observe
the following points:
• The equipment described in this manual is designed to be used by properly
trained personnel only. Only qualified personnel who are aware of hazards
involved may adjust, maintain and repair the exposed equipment.
The AZ420 Telco Satellite Modem has no operator serviceable
parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified personnel. To prevent
electrical shock, do not remove covers.
• To use the equipment correctly and safely, it is essential that both operating and
servicing personnel follow generally accepted safety procedures in addition to
the safety precautions specified in this manual. Warning and caution statements
and/or symbols are marked on the equipment when necessary. Whenever it is
likely that safety protection is impaired, immediately switch off the equipment
and secure it against unintended operation. Inform the appropriate servicing
authority about the problem. For example, safety is likely to be impaired if the
equipment fails to perform the intended measurements or shows visible
damage.
Caution1:
FOR CONTINUED PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE, REPLACE
LINE FUSES ONLY WITH SAME TYPE AND RATING (5 X 20mm
T3.15 A/250v TYPE T or slow-blow).
Caution 2:
THERE IS RISK OF EXPLOSION IF THE BATTERY IS
REPLACED WITH AN INCORRECT TYPE. DISPOSE OF USED
BATTERIES ACCORDING TO THE INSTRUCTIONS.
Safety Regulations
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Additional safety requirements for Finland, Norway and
Sweden
Telecommunication connections and cable distribution system.
Special conditions apply to the use of this equipment in Finland,
Sweden and Norway due to different earthing arrangements in
these countries. Therefore it is essential that the installation is
done by authorized personnel and according to the national
requirements only.
This equipment is specified for use in a restricted access location
only, where equipotential bonding has been applied and which
has provision for a permanently connected protective earthing
conductor.
A protective earthing conductor must be installed by a Service
Person.
EMC Information
Relevant EMC information (to FCC rules)
This equipment has been tested and was found to comply with the limits for a class
A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is
operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses and
radiates radio frequency energy. If not installed and used in accordance with the
instruction manual, it may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
Do not operate this equipment in a residential area, as it is likely to cause harmful
interference. When this is the case, you will be required to correct the interference
at your own expense.
IESS308 compliancy
This equipment is compliant with IESS308 (page 56, case 1-4, figure 16-19) timing
and buffer arrangements.
Safety Regulations
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Environmental
Operating the equipment in an environment other than that stated in the
specifications also invalidates the safety compliance.
Do not use the equipment in an environment in which the unit is exposed to:
• Unpressurised altitudes higher than 2000 metres;
• Extreme temperatures outside the stated operating range;
• Operating temperature range 0 to + 40 °C (*);
• Excessive dust;
• Moist or humid atmosphere above 95% RH;
• Excessive vibration;
• Flammable gases;
• Corrosive or explosive atmospheres;
• Direct sunlight.
(*): DC power supply - Operating temperature range 0 to + 37 °C.
Use a slightly damp cloth to clean the casing of the equipment. Do not use any
cleaning liquids containing alcohol, methylated spirit or ammonia etc.
Maintenance
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MAINTENANCE
Standard Warranty
Newtec guarantees the durability and satisfactory electrical and mechanical
performance of the equipment to a maximum period of one (1) year from the date
of delivery, unless otherwise agreed to, in writing. The warranty applies only to
manufacturing defects and provided that handling, installation, maintenance and
adjustment of the equipment are carried out in line with the instructions provided by
Newtec and in line with good practice. The warranty does not apply to items,
normally consumed in operation, or which have a normal lifetime inherently shorter
than the warranty stated above, such as, without limitation, fuses or lamps. Any
defect due to normal wear and tear, or caused by transportation or Force Majeure
events, or attributable to the Customer’s improper use, neglect, storage, operation
handling or maintenance of the goods or any part thereof, are excluded from the
warranty. During the warranty period, Newtec shall, at its sole discretion, replace or
repair the defective subparts or units at the source factory. All transportation costs
shall be borne and prepaid by the Customer.
Care Pack
Guidelines
Order a Care Pack
Care Pack is to be purchased along with Newtec professional equipments. The
Care Pack coverage starts from the date of shipment. Please contact
sales@newtec.eu for more details.
Register a Care Pack
After purchase the customer needs to register his Care Pack. On the Newtec
equipment, the customer will find a registration label inviting him to self-register on
portal www.newtec.eu/support.
About this Manual
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ABOUT THIS MANUAL
This document provides a quick overview on how to easily set up the modem for
the most common use cases.
This document is intended to help you:
• Find your way around the Graphical User Interface (GUI).
• Understand the different possibilities of the modem with a Telco interface board.
Cautions and Symbols
The following symbols appear in this manual:
A caution message indicates a hazardous situation that, if not
avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury. It may also refer
to a procedure or practice that, if not correctly followed, could
result in equipment damage or destruction.
A hint message indicates information for the proper operation of
your equipment, including helpful hints, shortcuts or important
reminders.
A reference message is used to direct to an internal reference
within the document, a related document or a web-link.
Version History and Applicability
Document version Date Subject Author Comment
Version 1.3 November 20th,
2008
AZ420 NWH Block diagram
and
demod.statistics
implementation,
RoHS Directive
update
Version 1.4 March 31st,
2009
AZ420 JGEI/
EDE
Add clocking
description
Version 1.5 April 3rd 2009 AZ420 EDE NoDE
Version 2.0 January 20th AZ420 JVPU Release 7
About this Manual
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Related Documentation
• The Reference Manual describes all the parameters available in the
Modem.
• The Equalink
TM
User Manual details the linear and non-linear pre-distortion
capabilities.
• The RMCP manual explains how Newtec devices can be remotely
monitored and controlled via the serial port or via Ethernet.
Device leaflet (see http://www.newtec.eu)
Request a RMCP and SNMP manual via the Newtec Service
Desk tool:
> Browse to http://customersupport.newtec.eu .
> Fill in your Username and Password
> Create a ticket
As response of your request you will receive the manual from our
support team.
In case you don't have a Username and Password yet for the
Newtec Service Desk tool: request a login to
techsupport@newtec.eu.
Applicability
Product range
Azimuth
Software ID
M&C ntc6293
Software versions
Release 7
About this Manual
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Options
About this Manual
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Feedback
Newtec encourages your comments concerning this document. We are committed
to providing documentation that meets your needs.
Please send any comments by contacting us at documentation@newtec.eu.
Please include document and any comment, error found or suggestion for
improvement you have regarding this document.
Table of Contents
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Compliancy Statements .......................................................................................... ii
Safety Regulations .................................................................................................iv
Maintenance ...........................................................................................................vii
Standard Warranty ................................................................................................... vii
Care Pack ................................................................................................................ vii
About this Manual .................................................................................................viii
Table of Contents ..................................................................................................xii
1 Introduction....................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Short Description ............................................................................................ 1
1.2 Key Features .................................................................................................. 1
1.3 Contents of the Document .............................................................................. 2
2 Installation......................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Rack Mounting................................................................................................ 3
2.2 AC Power Supply ........................................................................................... 3
2.3 Cable Distribution System .............................................................................. 4
2.3.1 Technical Earth .............................................................................................. 4
3 Physical Description ........................................................................................ 5
3.1 Front Panel Description .................................................................................. 5
3.1.1 Display ........................................................................................................... 5
3.1.2 Keypad ........................................................................................................... 5
3.1.3 LEDs .............................................................................................................. 6
3.2 Back Panel Description .................................................................................. 7
3.2.1 PSU, M&C Interface and External 10.0 MHz Reference Input ...................... 7
3.2.2 Sub Back Panel Descriptions ......................................................................10
3.2.3 Back Panel Interfaces ..................................................................................17
4 How to manage ...............................................................................................18
4.1 Menu Tree ....................................................................................................18
4.2 Front Panel Display ......................................................................................20
4.2.1 Normal Display ............................................................................................20
4.2.2 Front Panel Menu Handling .........................................................................20
4.2.3 Change the Front Panel Screensaver .........................................................20
4.3 Management using the Ethernet Interface ...................................................21
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4.3.1 Cabling .........................................................................................................21
4.3.2 Settings ........................................................................................................21
4.4 Management using the Serial Interface .......................................................22
4.4.1 Cabling .........................................................................................................22
4.4.2 Serial Port Settings ......................................................................................22
4.4.3 Serial Interface and Line Settings ................................................................23
4.5 Graphical User Interface Description ...........................................................23
4.6 Remote Monitoring and Control Protocol .....................................................25
4.6.1 Remote Monitor and Control .......................................................................25
4.6.2 RMCP over Ethernet....................................................................................25
4.6.3 Protocol ........................................................................................................26
4.7 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) ..........................................27
5 Block Diagram ................................................................................................28
5.1 Monitoring and Control .................................................................................28
5.2 Modulator Functionality ................................................................................29
5.3 Demodulator Functionality ............................................................................30
6 Features ...........................................................................................................31
6.1 Clocking Parameters and Schemes .............................................................31
6.1.1 Clock Selection Possibilities ........................................................................31
6.1.2 Deframer Buffer (Doppler Buffer) ................................................................32
6.1.3 Typical Application .......................................................................................33
6.2 The Noise and Distortion Estimator (NoDE) ................................................34
6.2.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................34
6.2.2 How does NoDE work..................................................................................34
6.3 Equalink ........................................................................................................36
6.4 Demodulator Statistics .................................................................................37
6.4.1 FEC-rate and mod .......................................................................................37
6.4.2 Frame type ...................................................................................................37
6.4.3 Pilots ............................................................................................................37
6.4.4 BB frame count ............................................................................................37
6.4.5 Uncor frame count .......................................................................................37
6.4.6 Data EsNo clipping info ...............................................................................38
6.4.7 Data EsNo est ..............................................................................................38
6.4.8 Channel quality estimation ..........................................................................38
6.4.9 C/D est. ........................................................................................................38
6.4.10 C/D clipping ...............................................................................................38
6.4.11 Link margin est. .........................................................................................39
6.4.12 Link margin clipping ...................................................................................39
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Appendix A – User Defined Menu ........................................................................40
Appendix B – Technical Specifications ...............................................................41
Appendix C – Details GR-01 and GR-02 ..............................................................47
Appendix D – How to Mix Normal and Short Frames ........................................48
Appendix E – Abbreviations .................................................................................50
Introduction
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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Short Description
The AZ420 is a state-of-the-art satellite modem designed for fixed rate telco, voice
and data applications over satellite in full compliance with the DVB standards.
The AZ420 connects directly with terrestrial data and voice networks through a
standard G.703 interface.
In its default configuration, the AZ420 supports E1 rates.
The support of E2, T2, E3 and T3/DS3 rates are available as configuration option.
It is also possible to configure the modem with a secondary G.703 input/output, for
the implementation of a redundant configuration or to allow the modem to be
compatible with two different transmission rates.
At the output of the modulator, the signal is available on an L-band interface.
Extended L-Band, IF band as well as HPA control functions are available as
configuration options. When activated the unique linear and non- linear
predistortion option Equalink™ provides an additional link margin improvement of
up to 2,5dB.
On the receive side, the AZ420 has a dual L-band input (950-2150MHz). The
active L-Band input is selected by the user and can provide DC power and
frequency band selection signals compatible with most professional and
commercial LNBs. Optionally one L-Band input can be replaced by an IF (50 180MHz). An adaptive equalizer compensates linear distortion of the transmission
channel and the integrated Noise & Distortion Estimator (NoDE) tool provides an
accurate reading of the satellite link margin even in presence of non-linear
distortion and allows the user to find the optimum input back-off setting very easily
for 16APSK or 32APSK operation, whether or not nonlinear predistortion is applied.
1.2 Key Features
• DVB-S2 and DVB-DSNG/S compliant;
• QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK and 32APSK;
• G.703 interface with E1, T2, E2, E3 or T3/DS3 rates;
• L-band monitoring output;
• Programmable amplitude slope equalizer;
• Adaptive equalizer (demodulator input);
• Noise & Distortion Estimator tool (NoDE) ;
• Optional Extended L-Band (950 - 2150 MHz);
• Optional 10 MHz reference input/output;
• Optional linear and non-linear predistortion (Equalink
TM
).pricing and software
upgradability
Introduction
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1.3 Contents of the Document
• Chapter 2 describes the physical installation parameters;
• Chapter 3 describes the physical interfaces and the front and back panel
connections of the modem;
• Chapter 4 describes how to manage the Modem;
• Chapter 5 describes the block diagram of the Modem;
• Chapter 6 describes the features of the Modem;
• Appendix – A describes the user defined menu;
• Appendix – B describes the technical specifications of the Modem;
• Appendix – C lists the technical details on options GR01 and GR02 of this
device;
• Appendix – D describes how to mix short and normal frames in DVB-S2;
• Appendix – E lists the abbreviations used.
Installation
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2 INSTALLATION
2.1 Rack Mounting
The equipment is designed to operate in a 19-inch rack system conform to IEC
60297. When mounted in a standard 19-inch equipment rack, make sure you
sustain it with L-profiles. Do not fix the modem with four front panel screws only,
since this will damage the modem and could result in self injury.
It is allowed to operate the equipment in transportable installations and vehicles
equipped with the means to provide a stable environment. Do not operate the
equipment on vehicles, ships or aircraft without the means of environmental
conditioning, as this may invalidate the safety compliance.
Mount the equipment in the rack in such a way that the amount of air flow required
to safely operate the equipment is not compromised.
2.2 AC Power Supply
This equipment is provided with a protective earthing incorporated in the power
cord. Be careful to insert the mains plug only in a socket outlet provided with a
protective earth contact (TN type power supply). Any interruption of the protective
conductor inside or outside the equipment is likely to make the equipment
dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited.
Install and connect the equipment to the mains power supply system in compliance
with local or national wiring installation standards. Position the equipment so that
the mains supply socket outlet for the equipment is near the equipment and can
easily be accessed or that there are other suitable means to disconnect from the
mains supply.
The power supply is set to operate from 100 to 240Vac to 47-63Hz.
Installation
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2.3 Cable Distribution System
Install the equipment in accordance with the applicable provisions of NEC Article
810 for US and with CEC section 54 for Canada. Before connecting the coax to the
equipment, make sure that the equipment is properly earthed. The screen of the
used coax cable should be grounded according to the local regulations.
2.3.1 Technical Earth
On the rear panel of the equipment a technical earth is available (an unmarked
terminal on the right side of the equipment). It is provided to:
• Ensure that all equipment chassis fixed within a rack are at the same technical
earth potential. This is done by connecting a wire between the technical earth
terminal and a suitable point on the rack.
• Eliminate the migration of stray charges when connecting between equipment.
Physical Description
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3 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
3.1 Front Panel Description
Figure 1 – AZ420 Telco Satellite Modem
3.1.1 Display
The display consists of a 2 x 40 characters LCD screen. The top row indicates the
path in the menu structure while the bottom row displays the selected item. If the
value is not indicated, press OK to open the submenu.
3.1.2 Keypad
Figure 2 - Keypad panel
With the 16 front panel keys you can navigate in the menus and change
parameters.
Press “?” to open a pop-up help screen with more information on the selected
item. Press ESC to exit this help screen.
Press “←” and “→” to highlight a menu item. Press OK to go one level deeper in
the menu tree. When you arrive at the desired level, press OK again to select the
desired item. Press ESC to move back up in the menu tree.
Press CLR to clear the numerical input fields.
Press the digit keys 0 up to 9 to enter numerical values. When you need to enter
hexadecimal characters, press the A - F keys multiple times to bring up the desired
hexadecimal character.
Physical Description
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3.1.3 LEDs
Figure 3 – Modem LEDs
Demod Lock: green Demodulator is locked to the carrier signal.
PLSync. BBSync Demodulator lock led
Alarm Alarm OFF
OK (No Alarm) Alarm Blinking
OK (No Alarm) OK (No Alarm) ON
Data In/Out: green At least 1 selected data input is active and
valid AND valid data are present at the output.
Tx on: green Transmit is on.
Act. Alm: red Actual alarm(s) is/are present.
Mem. Alm: red Memorised alarm(s) is/are present.
Test: orange On when the modem is in test mode.
Physical Description
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3.2 Back Panel Description
The back panel consists of several modules depending on the hardware that is
installed.
Figure 4 -AZ420 Telco Satellite Modem back panel connections
3.2.1 PSU, M&C Interface and External 10.0 MHz Reference Input
ALARM
10/100Base- T
Ref. In
M& C RS232/ 485
100-260 VAC LINE
Figure 5 - PSU, Monitor and Control and external 10 MHz reference
Power socket
This has a protective earthing incorporated in the power cord. Insert the mains plug
only in a socket that has a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the
protective conductor inside or outside the instrument is likely to make the
instrument dangerous.
Serial Monitoring and Control via RS485/RS232
MON & CTRL
5 9 1
6
Figure 6 - Serial Monitoring and Control Connector
Physical Description
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The modem contains the hardware for the RS485 and RS232 interface.
You can select the type of serial interface via the front panel or via
the Ethernet, but not via the serial port itself.
RS485 RS232
Pin Name Function Pin Name Function
1 GND Shield ground 1 GND Shield ground
2 Not connected 2 Rx-D Receive Data (input)
3 Tx-A Send Data A (input) 3 Tx-D Transmit Data (output)
4 Rx-A Receive Data A (output) 4 DTR Data Terminal Ready
(output)
5 GND Signal ground 5 GND Signal ground
6 Rx-B Receive Data B (output) 6 Not connected
7 Not connected 7 RTS Request to send (output)
8 Not connected 8 CTS Clear to send (input)
9 Tx-B Send Data B (input) 9 Not connected
Table 1 - Pin Configuration
Contact Closure Alarm Outputs
Figure 7 - Contact closure alarm outputs
You can use the contact closure alarm to drive external alarm indicators (sirens,
flashlight…) or to connect to a redundancy switching systems like the Newtec
AZ2xx series.
Figure 8 - Contact closure alarm connections
Pin 2 and 4 are either floating or tied to chassis earthing.
Physical Description
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10.0 MHz Reference Input
This input is used when you need a reference with enhanced stability or when you
need several devices to be synchronised to the same clock source. The level
should be 0 dBm nominally. The 10.0 MHz reference input will only be available if
this option is installed.
Ethernet Connection
A standard RJ-45 connector provides connection to an Ethernet hub in a LAN
(10/100BaseT). You can set the IP address and subnet mask from the front panel.
The default IP address is: 10.0.0.1.
You can send RMCP (Remote Monitoring and Control Protocol) commands to the
modem using the Ethernet interface. The commands are sent as data in a TCP/IP
stream. The used socket number is 5933. The RMCP protocol is exactly the same
as for the serial interface, with one small exception: the receiving device ignores
the RMCP address of the device (that is present in an RMCP command).
Request a RMCP and SNMP manual via the Newtec Service
Desk tool:
> Browse to http://customersupport.newtec.eu .
> Fill in your Username and Password
> Create a ticket
As response of your request you will receive the manual from our
support team |
In case you don't have a Username and Password yet for the
Newtec Service Desk tool: request a login to
techsupport@newtec.eu.
Physical Description
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3.2.2 Sub Back Panel Descriptions
In this section the different sub back panels for the device are listed. Depending on
the hardware that is ordered a combination of sub back panels are used.
The different combinations per ordering option are described in the following
sections we refer to section 3.2.3
REF OUT is used for option GR01 or GR02.
When one of these options is selected the REF OUT is available
on the first sub back panel that enables this option.
In all other sub back panels this option is not used.
Back Panel 01 / Description ch
Connector
1. IN( G703 1)
2. OUT (G703 1)
3. IN (G703 2)
4. OUT (G703.2)
Physical Description
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Back Panel 02 / Description
Connector
1. EXT L IN
2. MON OUT
3. REF OUT
4. MOD OUT
Physical Description
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Connector Back Panel 03 / Description
Connector
1. MOD OUT
2. MON OUT
3. REF OUT
Physical Description
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Back Panel 04 / Description
Connector
1. L-BAND
IN 1
2. COMB/SPLITTER
IN 2
3. REF OUT
4. L_BAND COND / IFL IN (OUT)
5. L_BAND COND / IFL OUT(IN)
6. IFL OUT 1
7. IFL OUT 2
8. IFL OUT 3
9. IFL OUT 4
Physical Description
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Back Panel 05 / Description
Connector
1. IFL 1 IN
2. IFL 2 IN
3. REF OUT
4. IF IN
Physical Description
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Connector Back Panel 06 / Description
Connector
1. IFL IN (OUT)
2. IFL OUT (IN)
Physical Description
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Back Panel 07 / Description
Connector
1. REF OUT
2. IF IN
3. IFL IN
Physical Description
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3.2.3 Back Panel Interfaces
The sub back panels used per ordering option is listed in the following tables.
We refer to page ‘x’ for the Options for ordering information.
We refer to section Sub Back Panel Descriptions 3.2.2 for the
description of the different sub back panels.
3.2.3.1 Modulator Back Panel Interfaces
In the following table the sub back panels of the modulator functionality are listed.
Option Back Panel Combination
Connectors Not Used
BP-<number>/<connector>,<connector>
Default BP 01
BP 02
BP 02/1
AA 02 BP 01
BP 03
BP 03/4
AA-03 BP 01
BP 02
BP 04
BP 02/1
BP 03/1,2,3,6,7,8,9
AA-18 BP 01
BP 02
BP 02/1
3.2.3.2 Demodulator Back Panel Interfaces
In the following table the sub back panels of the demodulator functionality are
listed.
Option Back Panel Combination
Not Used Connectors
BP-<number>/<connector>,<connector>
Default BP 01
BP 05
BP 05/3,4
AAJ02 BP 01
BP 05
BP 06
BP 05/3,4
AJ-03 BP 01
BP 07
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4 HOW TO MANAGE
This section explains how the AZ420 Telco Satellite Modem can be configured and
how the parameters in the device are ordered and managed according to your
needs.
The device can be managed using one of the following physical interfaces:
• The front panel display;
• The Ethernet port;
• The serial port.
When the management is done using the Ethernet or serial port the Graphical User
Interface is used to display the parameters on a management PC.
The following protocols are used to perform the communication between the
management PC and the device.
• Remote Monitoring and Control Protocol.
For more information we refer to section 4.6;
• Simple Network Management Protocol
For more information we refer to section 4.7.
4.1 Menu Tree
The variables that can be set in the device, can be set using the front panel, or
using the user interface.
The variables are structured in a logical way: in a menu tree.
The menu tree shows the organisation of the parameters in the device. This menu
tree is the same accessing the parameters via the front panel and usage via the
GUI (Graphical User Interface).
The menu structure of the GUI and the front panel are identical except for the User
Menu which is programmable via the front panel.
How to program the User Menu is described in Appendix A of this document.
Refer to the Reference manual of this device for details on the
menu tree and the variables in the menu tree.
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Figure 9 - Menu Tree of the AZ420
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4.2 Front Panel Display
4.2.1 Normal Display
The first line of the display contains your current location in the menu tree of the
demodulator. The second line contains the parameter name and its value.
/Device/Set Up
Device mode: Normal
4.2.2 Front Panel Menu Handling
How to handle the front panel is described in section 3.1.
4.2.3 Change the Front Panel Screensaver
The front panel screensaver is useful to identify a number of units if you have more
than one unit.
You can activate the screensaver in the following menu
AZ420 >>Unit>>Setup>>Display settings
• Enter the screensaver delay
• Enter the screensaver message (for example Channel 01 Modem01)
Once the screensaver delay is reached without any key action on the front panel a
message is displayed as follows.
AZ420
Channel 01 Modem 01
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4.3 Management using the Ethernet Interface
4.3.1 Cabling
Use a crossed network cable for a direct connection between the Ethernet port of
the demodulator to the Ethernet port of a computer. In case connection to the
demodulator is done via a hub or switch, straight network cables are used.
4.3.2 Settings
The platform is equipped with a powerful and easy-to-use graphical user interface
(GUI) that allows you to remotely monitor and control your equipment through a
web browser.
To use the web interface, adapt the TCP/IP properties of the computer so you can
manually set an IP address that is within the range of the device IP address. For
example: take IP address 10.0.0.2 on the computer and 10.0.0.1 on the device.
Make sure that no pop-up blockers or firewall are active!
To adapt the TCP/IP properties on a typical Windows computer:
Choose Start > Connect To > Show all connections.
Right-click Local Area Connection.
Click Properties.
Scroll down and click Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
Click Properties.
Choose Use the following IP address.
Enter the following data:
- IP address, for example:10.0.0.2.
- Subnet mask, for example: 255.255.255.0
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4.4 Management using the Serial Interface
4.4.1 Cabling
The cable to connect via the Serial Interface must comply with the pin
configurations as described in section 3.2
4.4.2 Serial Port Settings
The demodulator is set to RS485 by factory default. When you prefer RS232,
choose:
>> Unit >> Setup >> Serial port settings
Default serial port settings:
/Unit/Setup/Serial port settings:
• Serial interface type RS485
• Device RMCP address 100
• Serial baud rate 115200
Alternatively, use an RS232 to RS485 converter to connect the Monitor and Control
port to a serial communication port of a PC. Pin out on the converter can differ
depending on the brand and type of the converter. Check the user manual of the
converter to select an appropriate cable.
When using RS232, use a null-modem cable with the following layout:
PC Demodulator Signal
9 Pin D-types 9 Pin D-types
2 3 TxD
3 2 RxD
5 5 GND
Table 2 - RS232 Cable Pin Layout
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4.4.3 Serial Interface and Line Settings
The main line settings for this serial interface are:
• Asynchronous data transfer
• 1 start bit (logic "0")
• 7 data bits (LSB first on line)
• Even parity
• 1 stop bit (logic "1")
• 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600 or 115200 baud
To set the serial baudrate choose:
AZ420 >> Unit >> Setup >> Serial port settings
There is no flow control on the serial interface. Apart from correctly formatted
messages, the only significant character here is the SYNC-character (value 16
hex.). The device sends this character to indicate that it is busy executing the
command and preparing the response. This prevents other devices from taking
control of the bus if the response cannot be given immediately.
4.5 Graphical User Interface Description
Use a web browser (Internet explorer 7.0 or later, Mozilla Firefox 2.0 or later) to
open the web interface of the demodulator.
Using another web browser can result in the response time
becoming very high if the browser is not restarted from time to
time.
Type the following address in the address bar: http://ip_address_device. You can
find the IP address device in the following menu: /Unit/Setup/Ethernet settings on
the front panel of the device. By default, the IP address of all Newtec devices is
10.0.0.1.
/Unit/Setup/Ethernet
Device IP address:010.000.000.001
In this mode, click on the left side of the screen to get an overview of all the
parameters in the device.
To change the parameters of the device, click Log In to log into the device.
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Log in with the user name and password that is defined in the following menu
>> Unit >> Setup >> Web interface menu.
By default the login credentials <root> <root> are used.
Once logged in, there are three levels:
• Read-only: in this mode you can only see (read) the
parameters corresponding to the operator mode. You cannot
change them.
• Operator: this mode corresponds with the device Normal
mode. It enables the default set of parameters that are most
frequently used.
• Administrator: this mode corresponds with the device Expert
mode and gives you access to an additional set of more
advanced parameters.
You can now remotely view and change all the parameters of the demodulator
through the GUI.
The GUI displays seven main menus:
• Home: this menu allows you to remotely monitor and control all
the parameters of the demodulator through the web-interface.
You can also change all the parameters that can be changed
through the keypad here.
• Logging: this menu gives an overview of the communication
between demodulator and PC.
• Alarmlog: in this menu you can view the most recent alarms.
The alarmlog contains a list of the last 1000 alarms.
• Diagnostics report: this menu generates a diagnostics report
with an overview of the status of the different parameters of the
demodulator. This report will be requested when you contact
support for technical questions.
• Manual: the complete manual with RMCP commands of the
corresponding demodulator is stored here in HTML format.
• Log In resp Log out: this menu is used to log in to or out of
the demodulator.
• About: this menu shows the version number of the GUI you
are using.
In the yellow bar on the screen you can see where the parameters are located in
the parameter tree of the demodulator.
Go to the following menu to find the parameters Serial baudrate and Device
RMCP address:
>> Unit >> Setup >> Serial port settings
This is the same tree you have to follow in the directory tree when using the front
panel to change these settings.
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4.6 Remote Monitoring and Control Protocol
4.6.1 Remote Monitor and Control
Remote monitor and control (RMCP) is possible via the serial interface
(RS232/485) or through RMCP over Ethernet. The commands are described in the
demodulator Reference Manual.
You can download our RMCP loader tool for free from the
webpage www.newtec.eu.
The RMCP manual explains how Newtec devices can be remotely
monitored and controlled via the serial port or via Ethernet.
Request a RMCP manual via the Newtec Service Desk tool:
> Browse to http://customersupport.newtec.eu .
> Fill in your Username and Password
> Create a ticket
As response of your request you will receive the manual from our
support team |
In case you don't have a Username and Password yet for the
Newtec Service Desk tool: request a login to
techsupport@newtec.eu.
4.6.2 RMCP over Ethernet
You can send RMCP commands to the demodulator using the Ethernet interface.
The commands are sent as data in a TCP/IP stream. The used socket number is
5933.The RMCP protocol is exactly the same as for the serial interface, with one
small exception: the receiving device ignores the RMCP address of the device (that
is present in an RMCP command).
To enable the device to communicate over Ethernet, the Ethernet interface needs
to be configured. See:
>> Unit >> Setup >> Ethernet settings
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4.6.3 Protocol
The control unit sends a “request” message to a device identified by its unique
address. The addressed device interprets the message, performs the requested
action and sends a “response” message back.
The receiving device rejects all messages with transmission errors without any
further action. Transmission errors are:
• No stop bit;
• Parity error;
• LRC-error;
• Message receive buffer overflow.
The addressed device responds to all correct formatted messages – except for
some special system messages – with an acknowledge message. Only in a few
restricted cases does the device not respond to a request from the control unit.
This is, for example, the case when a general device reset is requested.
Correctly received messages which the device cannot handle are refused via a no-
acknowledge “error” message. This message contains the reason why the
message is rejected.
A device never sends messages on its own initiative. It only responds to a request
from the control unit. The total transmit time of a complete message may not
exceed 250ms. If the message is not completed within this time, it is discarded.
The RMCP manual explains how Newtec devices can be remotely
monitored and controlled via the serial port or via Ethernet.
Request a RMCP manual via the Newtec Service Desk tool:
> Browse to http://customersupport.newtec.eu .
> Fill in your Username and Password
> Create a ticket
As response of your request you will receive the manual from our
support team |
In case you don't have a Username and Password yet for the
Newtec Service Desk tool: request a login to
techsupport@newtec.eu.
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4.7 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
The Newtec MIB allows full monitor and control over the complete device using any
SNMP browser (HP-OpenView, NetworkView). We support the basic standard MIB
(monitor and control of IP interface, versions of the software …) and above that we
have a full proprietary MIB, which contains all the OIDs needed to control the
device.
We support traps. These form a mechanism to trigger the NMS when a change in
the device has occurred. After receiving the trap the NMS still has to poll the device
to find out the details of the change.
The SNMP details can be found in the reference manual of this
modem.
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5 BLOCK DIAGRAM
This block diagram refers to the default configuration with L-band
options.
5.1 Monitoring and Control
This block is used for monitoring and control of the device.
The following actions are available
• Alarm Output;
• Remote Monitoring and Control over LAN or RS232/RS485;
• Front Panel.
For more information we refer to section 3.
Figure 10 - Block diagram for the L-band type AZ420 Modem
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5.2 Modulator Functionality
In its default configuration, the AZ420 supports E1 rates.
The support of E2, T2, E3 and T3/DS3 rates are available as configuration option.
It is also possible to configure the modem with a secondary G.703 input/output, for
the implementation of a redundant configuration or to allow the modem to be
compatible with two different transmission rates.
The modulator adds internal MPEG framing (187 to 188 bytes) to the incoming
data.
At the output of the modulator, the signal is available on an L-band interface.
When activated the unique linear and non- linear predistortion option Equalink™
provides an additional link margin improvement of up to 2,5dB.
The modulated signal can be added to an optional multiplexer used for adding
• 10MHz reference (see section Option for ordering information)
• +24V DC Power ( see section Option for ordering information)
After multiplexing the modulated L-band signal is available on the
MOD OUT and Monitoring MON OUT connector.
Test Generator
The modem is equipped with a build-in test generator. This generator can be used
to simulate data.
Option IF OUT
Optionally the L-band modulator can be replaced by an IF band modulator.
The IF signal is available on the output of the modem as IF OUT. In this case the
multiplexer is not used.
For ordering information see section Option.
This option is not shown in the block diagram.
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5.3 Demodulator Functionality
In its default configuration the AZ420 has a dual L-band input (950-2150MHz). The
active L-Band input is selected by the user and can provide DC power and
frequency band selection signals compatible with most professional and
commercial LNBs.
The MPEG framing (added by the modulator) is extracted so that the original data
is available.
Optionally one L-Band input can be replaced by an IF (50 - 180MHz). An adaptive
equalizer compensates linear distortion of the transmission channel and the
integrated Noise & Distortion Estimator (NoDE) tool provides an accurate reading
of the satellite link margin even in presence of non-linear distortion and allows the
user to find the optimum input back-off setting very easily for 16APSK or 32APSK
operation, whether or not nonlinear predistortion is applied.
The Doppler buffer allows us to prevent under- or overruns on the G703 TX signal.
For more information on the Doppler buffer see section 6.1.
A 10MHz reference signal for the external LNB can be added as an option. (see
section Option for ordering information).
Test Detector
This build-in detector is used to monitor/detect the test signal that is inserted by a
test generator.
Option IF IN
Optionally one L-band input (IFL2 IN) can be replaced by an IF (50-180MHz) input
IF IN. When this is the done the IF signal is inserted into an IF to L band converter
and then forwarded to the multiplexer.
This option is not shown in the block diagram.
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6 FEAT U R E S
6.1 Clocking Parameters and Schemes
6.1.1 Clock Selection Possibilities
Figure 11 - Clock Selection Possibilities
There are three Master Clock Selection possibilities:
• Internal clock;
• External G703;
• 10Mhz input (optional).
The master clock selection determines the clock that is used to feed the NCO
(Numerically Controlled Oscillator). The NCO synthesizes the clock for internal
clock selection and the clock from satellite. In most cases “Internal clock” is
selected.
In some special cases a clock is derived from a separate clocking G703 different
from the G703 carrying data, master clock “External G703” needs to be selected.
When a 10 MHz option board is installed the 10 MHz reference clock can be used.
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Output Clock Selection :
• Internal;
• External G703;
• Clock from satellite.
The output clock selection determines the clock source that is used to clock the
data on the G703 TX interface. The system runs on its own internal clock by
selecting “internal”.
(free running). By selecting “satellite,” the master clock is provided over the satellite
link, hence the system runs in slave mode. This is a typical mode for remote sites.
To run the system in master mode the “External G703”is selected. The master
clock is then received on the G703 RX and directly used for the G703 TX signal.
This is a typical mode for a central site distributing the clock to remote sites.
6.1.2 Deframer Buffer (Doppler Buffer)
On the G703 RX input the modulator follows the interface speed of the received
signal and there is no buffer available.
On the G703 TX there is a Deframer buffer (or Doppler buffer).This buffer allows us
to prevent under- or overruns on the G703 TX signal.
The size of the buffer can be set in frames with a minimum size of three and a
maximum of 128. Configuring the size of the buffer depends on the selected
clocking scheme “Output clock selection” and on the speed of the interface.
Please note that enlarging a buffer increases the delay.
Optimization is advisable.
When running the “Satellite clock” mode, the buffer can be set to a lower value
(three to ten frames) and the buffer has a jitter smoothing function. The clock loop
makes the RX clock slave on the TX of the transmitting station. It will not
compensate the very low frequency and small Doppler clock shift caused by the
slowly changing orbital position of the satellite (path length variation).
In the external or internal clock mode the buffer needs to compensate the
differences between the local output clock (external or internal) and the transmit
clock.
As a typical application the external clock and the transmit clock are in some way
slaved on each other via some terrestrial way or via satellite (see Figure 12). The
buffer needs to compensate for the Doppler shift.
path length variation * bit rate (bps)
-------------------------------------------- / 187 = buffer size
light speed
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In case of clock slaving via satellite the buffer must be twice this value because the
transmit clock has also Doppler shift.
The internal clock is normally only used when the master clock is set to a very
accurate (external) reference and is very close to the TX clock. A larger buffer is
needed to compensate the difference in clocking to avoid too many slips. Starting
with a default value of 64 is a good reference but no exact calculations can be
done.
6.1.3 Typical Application
Figure 12 – Typical Application
In the figure above a typical clocking scenario is shown. A G703 network is
providing the master clock for the system on the central site. On the remote site no
clock is present and the remote G703 network has to slave on the master clock
provided by the central site.
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6.2 The Noise and Distortion Estimator (NoDE)
6.2.1 Introduction
NoDE (Noise & Distortion Estimator) simplifies ground station operation activities
and enables an efficient usage of transponders. NoDE is a unique and innovative
tool that simplifies ground station operation activities by providing a means to
monitor the quality of the satellite link. It performs a continuous and accurate
measurement of the noise margin and the amount of non-linear distortion on the
received satellite signal. NoDE allows operators to easily fine tune their satellite
links to their optimal operational point under any circumstances. Regular fine tuning
of the satellite link parameters will increase the efficiency of the transponder and at
the same time provide financial benefits.
In addition, NoDE enables the operator to view the linear and non-linear effects
from changes in the uplink power. It can help to prevent errors in operations such
as the addition of too much power and distortion that could lead to the total loss of
the communication links.
NoDE is the perfect tool to provide operators full control over transmission
performance when linear and non-linear distortions are present. It enables higher
modulation schemes such as 16APSK and 32 APSK and helps operators to get the
most out of their transponder.
6.2.2 How does NoDE work
In digital satellite communications the energy per symbol related to the noise power
spectral density (Es/No) is an important parameter used to determine the quality of
the transmission. The Es/No measurement at the receiver side needs a certain
threshold to ensure an error-free transmission.
Figure 13 - PER Vs Es/No
It is commonly accepted that a transmission is considered as error-free when the
PER (Packet Error Rate) at the reception side is below 10
-7
. For each DVB-S2
modcod, as shown in Figure 13, a minimum value (Es/No)
QEF
guarantees quasi
error free transmission.
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Figure 14 - LME – Linear Environment
In a linear environment, as described in Figure 14, the Link Margin Estimates
(LME) provided with or without NoDE are identical. They correspond with the
difference between the channel Es/No and the (Es/no)
QEF
of the corresponding
modcod, which is the real operation margin of the transmission.
Figure 15 :LME – Non-Linear Environment
When non-linear distortion is present, the real link margin is decreased and is no
longer equal to the difference between the measured Es/No value and (Es/No)
QEF
.
NoDE calculates the amount of distortion present on the received signal, then
corrects the minimum ES/No value to obtain quasi error-free transmission by a delta
Δ that takes into account the effect of the distortion. In a non-linear environment, as
described in Figure 15, NoDE enables the measurement of an accurate Link
Margin Estimation. By providing the operator with an accurate estimation of the
Real Link Margin, NoDE prevents the link being operated in a region where the
performance is unpredictable and only marginally stable.
By observing the evolution of (Es/No)
QEF
+ Δ functioning in a variation of the uplink
power, NoDE can also help the operator to find the optimal operational point of the
transponder without interrupting the transmission.
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6.3 Equalink
BER performance degradation due to transmission channel impairments is
becoming increasingly important in DVB-S2 systems operating with higher order
modulation formats (16APSK, 32APSK), in particular at the higher symbol rates.
The Equalink™ concept effectively optimizes satellite link performance by
counteracting these effects. Newtec DVB-S2 Modulators equipped with the
Equalink feature contain both linear and non-linear predistortion functions which
can be individually enabled/ disabled.
Equalink operating principle:
• Optimum predistortion is computed off-line based on specified distortion
characteristics;
• Resulting predistortion table(s) are uploaded to the Modulator and activated
Link performance can be expressed in terms of Bit or Packet Error Rate (BER or
PER) versus Energy-per-symbol to Noise density ratio (Es/N0).
For a communication channel over a satellite link, the overall link performance can
be severely degraded by channel impairments. Examples of such impairments are:
• Interference (Adjacent Channel Interference (ACI) and Co-Channel Interference
(CCI);
• Inter-Modulation (IM);
• Adjacent Satellite Interference (ASI)...);
• Phase noise;
• Signal distortions.
Performance degradation due to these impairments is becoming increasingly
important in DVB-S2 systems operating with higher order modulation (16APSK,
32APSK), in particular at the higher symbol rates.
The Equalink™ concept effectively optimises satellite link performance by
counteracting these effects.
Newtec DVB-S2 Modems equipped with the Equalink™ feature contain, both linear
and non-linear predistortion functions which can be individually enabled /disabled.
Please refer to the Equalink™ User Manual for a full description of
this feature
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6.4 Demodulator Statistics
The demodulator statistics shows a number of monitoring parameters of the
received carrier for each stream present in that received carrier in case of DVB-S2.
Figure 16 – Screenshot of the Demodulator Statistics Overview
6.4.1 FEC-rate and mod
This monitoring parameter displays the detected modulation and FEC used for
each of the DVB-S2 streams in the received carrier.
6.4.2 Frame type
This monitoring parameter displays the detected frame type (normal or short
frames) that is used for each of the DVB-S2 streams in the received carrier.
6.4.3 Pilots
This monitoring parameter displays whether pilot tones were inserted for each of
the DVB-S2 streams in the received carrier.
6.4.4 BB frame count
This monitoring parameter displays the number of baseband frames that are
decoded by the demodulator board for each of the DVB-S2 streams in the received
carrier.
6.4.5 Uncor frame count
This monitoring parameter displays the number of uncorrected baseband frames
by the demodulator board for each of the DVB-S2 streams in the received carrier. It
indicates that the link margin is too low or that channel distortions caused by
saturation or non-linearity caused the decoder not to be able to correctly decode
frames.
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6.4.6 Data EsNo clipping info
Data EsNo clipping info indicates a clipped link margin.
When reading saturated values for the Es/No estimation, the clipping info will
identify the direction of saturation or return equal if the value is within range.
An asterisk indicates the readout of the Es/No value is about to saturate and may
be not very accurate. "<" or ">" indicates when the EsNo is too low or too high to
be accurately determined
6.4.7 Data EsNo est
Data EsNo est: Signal to noise estimation
6.4.8 Channel quality estimation
The channel quality estimation displays the Es/No of the modulated symbols for
each of the DVB-S2 streams in the received carrier. It differs from the total carrier
Es/No which only looks at the Physical Layer Headers (which are modulated in a
kind of BPSK modulation). Hence in a non-linear channel the total carrier Es/No
and Channel Quality Estimation will differ because symbols modulated with higher
modulation and coding than the headers will suffer more from the degradation due
to non-linearity. It is to be noted that the Es/No indication is derived from the
number of corrections the LDPC decoder had to perform. Hence it is most accurate
close to the threshold of decoding. For high Es/No values the error becomes
larger.
6.4.9 C/D est.
Carrier-to-distortion estimation. This value (in dB) is a measure for the distortion
due to linear and non-linear degradation that is present in each of the DVB-S2
streams in the received carrier. It can be used to determine the optimal operating
point when optimising a (new) satellite link (for example input back off). The
operation point should be selected to have the highest C/D value.
6.4.10 C/D clipping
The C/D clipping will indicate “<” or “>” when the C/D value is too low or too high to
be accurately determined. In case it is too low, the link margin might be too low in
order for the detector to operate correctly. In case it is too high, there might not be
enough distortion (for example in perfectly linear operation) in order for the detector
to display a meaningful value.
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6.4.11 Link margin est.
Link margin estimation for each of the DVB-S2 streams in the received carrier. This
monitoring parameter indicates how much the Es/No is above the decoding
threshold. It is a measure for the number of dBs of fading that is possible on the
link before the demodulator is not able to decode the received signal anymore.
6.4.12 Link margin clipping
The link margin clipping will indicate “<” or “>” when the link margin value is too low
or too high to be accurately determined. In case it is too low, the link margin might
be too low in order for the detector to operate correctly. In case it is too high, there
might not be enough decoding errors (for example in channel with high link margin)
in order for the detector to display a meaningful value.
Appendix A – User Defined Menu
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APPENDIX A – USER DEFINED MENU
You can configure the user menu according to your needs. In this way, you can
create a quick access to those control, monitor and testing parameters that you
need to change or monitor regularly. In addition, you can also change the order in
which the menu items are presented to meet your specific demands. This is very
useful in, for example, the DSNG applications. Here you can pre-configure the
general parameters and store them in the default boot-configuration. You can then
make all relevant parameters that need a quick change during link setup available
as a group in the user menu. When you have done this, you can operate the
device without having to go through all the different menus. A typical example
would be to group the parameters output frequency, output level and transmit while
leaving all other parameters untouched.
Define the user menu
Choose AZ420 > Unit > Setup > User menu and click OK.
AZ420/Unit/Setup
User menu: <press OK, ESC when done>
Choose AZ420 > Unit > Setup > User menu and click OK. This brings up the
first item from the AZ420 > Control menu:
AZ420/Control not present
Base band interface <OK> to add
Click OK to add this menu to the list of menu items that is visible in the user
menu or press the 'right arrow' key to move to the next menu item in the control,
monitor and test menu. The available list contains all the menu items when the
device is in "expert mode".
Click OK to change the display to:
AZ420/Control present
Base band interface <OK> to remove
The above indicates that this menu item is present in the user menu. To remove it,
click OK again.
After a "reset to factory defaults" the user menu contents are lost.
Appendix B – Technical Specifications
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APPENDIX B – TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Input/output interface
G.703 input/output:
• Connector : BNC (F)
• Impedance : 75 ohms
• Rate : 2.048 ; 6.312 ; 8.448; 34.368 ; 44.736 Mbps
Clock stability – G.703:
• 2 Mbit/s : ± 50 ppm
• 6 & 8 Mbit/s : ± 30 ppm
• 34 & 44 Mbit/s : ± 20 ppm
Typical Coax Cable Loss
(AT&T – 734A, 1350m – 75 Ohm)
• 1MHz : 1.2dB
• 3.1 MHz : 2.2dB
• 4.2MHz : 2.7dB
• 22.4MHz : 5.8dB
Line coding
Fully compliant to the ITU-T G.703 standard HDB3 for E1, E2, and E3 B3ZS for
DS-3 (T3).
Adaptive equalizer with 4 preset values, compensating cable lengths up to 450m.
Control
• Interface selection : HSSI, G703-R1, G703-R2
• Interface clock : External (fixed) 0.05 to 110MHz
• Interface rate : resolution 1bps
• MPEG framing : Unframed, (188 – 204 byte)
• Internal reference : slaved to (int) 10MHz or G703
• Transmit Satellite clock : slaved to interface clock
Appendix B – Technical Specifications
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Modulation and Demodulation
Supported modulation schemes and FEC
• DVB-S/DSNG:
Outer/Inner FEC: Reed Solomon /Viterbi
MODCODs:
- QPSK: 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8
- 8PSK: 2/3, 5/6, 8/9
- 16QAM: 3/4, 7/8
• DVB-S2:
Outer/Inner FEC: BCH/ LDPC
MODCODS:
- QPSK: 1/4, 1/3, 2/5, 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 5/6, 8/9, 9/10
- 8PSK: 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 8/9, 9/10
- 16APSK: 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 5/6, 8/9, 9/10
- 32APSK: 3/4, 4/5, 5/6, 8/9, 9/10
Baud rate range
• DVB-S2
mod demod
DVB-S2 0.05 - 45 0.256 – 45/33
DVB-S/DSNG 0.05 - 45 1 - 45
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Frame length
• DVB-S2 Short Frames 16 200 bit
• DVB-S2 Normal Frames 64 800 bit
• DVB-S/DSNG 188 bytes
Roll-off factor
• 20 % - 25 % - 35 %
Modulator Interface
L-band output (default):
• Connector SMA (F), 50 ohms
• Return loss > 14 dB
• Level -35/+5 dBm (+/- 2dB)
• Frequency 950 - 2150MHz (50 Hz steps
Extended L-band output (optional)
• Connector SMA (F), 50 ohms
• Return loss > 14 dB
• Level -35/+5 dBm (+/- 2dB)
• Frequency 950 - 2150 MHz (50 Hz steps)
IF-band (optional):
• Connector BNC (F) - 75 ohms (intermateable with 50 ohms)
• Return loss
- 50 ohms : > 14 dB
- 75 ohms : > 20 dB
• Level -30/+5 dBm (± 3 dB)
• Frequency 50 - 180 MHz (50 Hz steps)
L-band monitoring output (default):
• Connector SMA (F), 50 ohms
• Return loss > 7 dB
• Level -45 dBm
• Frequency default: identical to L-band output. with options AA-02: 1080 MHz
• Spurious better than -65dBc/4kHz @ -10dBm level and > 256kbaud
Demodulator Interface
Dual L-band input (default)
• Connector 2 x F-type (F), 75 ohms
• Return loss > 7 dB
• Level -65/-25dBm
• Frequency 950 - 2150 MHz
• Adjacent signal < (Co+7) dBm/Hz where Co = signal level density
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IF-band input (optional, replaces one L-band input)
• Connector BNC (F) - 75 ohms
• Return loss > 15 dB
• Level -55 to -15 dBm
• Frequency 50 - 180 MHz
• Adjacent signal < (Co+7) dBm/Hz where Co = signal level density
LNB power and control
• max. current 350 mA (on selected IFL input)
• voltage
- 11,5 -14 V (Vertical polarization)
- 16 -19 V (Horizontal polarization) & additional 22kHz +/- 4KHz (band
selection according to universal LNB for Astra satellites)
• 10 MHz reference
Doppler Buffer Length
Maximum: 3.06 Mb
DVB-S2 performances at PER 1E-S
Short
Frames
Normal Frames
< 15 Mbaud < 45 Mbaud
Confi g Es/No Es/No
QPSK- 1/3 - -0.6 -0.7
QPSK- 2/5 0.4 0.2
QPSK- 1/2 1 1.4
QPSK- 3/5 3.1 2.8
QPSK- 2/3 3.8 3.6
QPSK- 3/4 4.5 4.3
QPSK- 4/5 5.1 5.1
QPSK- 5/6 5.8 5.5
QPSK- 8/9 6.7 6.6
QPSK- 9/10 - 6.7
8PSK- 3/5 6.5 6.3
8PSK- 2/3 7.4 7.1
8PSK- 3/4 8.6 8.4
8PSK- 5/6 10.2 9.7
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Short
Frames
Normal Frames
8PSK- 8/9 11.4 11.1
8PSK- 9/10 - 11.3
16APSK- 2/3 9.9 9.6
16APSK- 3/4 10.9 10.5
16APSK- 4/5 11.6 11.5
16APSK- 5/6 12.4 12.1
16APSK- 8/9 13.6 13.3
16APSK- 9/10 - 13.6
32APSK-3/4 - 13.6
32APSK-4/5 - 14.5
32APSK-5/6 - 14.9
32APSK-8/9 - 16.1
32APSK-9/10 - 16.5
Table 3 - DVB S2 Performances at PER 1E-S
DVB DSNG/S performances at BER 1E-7 after RS
Short
Frames
Normal Frames
< 20 Mbaud < 20 Mbaud
Config Es/No Es/No
QPSK- 1/2 - 3.9 3.9
QPSK- 2/3 4.4 4.5
QPSK- 3/4 4.9 5.1
QPSK- 5/6 5.4 5.8
QPSK- 7/8 5.8 6.4
8PSK- 2/3 6.3 6.5
8PSK- 5/6 8.3 8.8
8PSK- 5/6 8.8 9.8
16QAM- 3/4 8.4 8.6
16 QAM 7/8 10.1 11.1
Table 4 - DVB DSNG/S Performances at BER 1E-7 after RS
Appendix B – Technical Specifications
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Internal Reference frequency
High Stability (optional)
• Stability ±5x10 over 0°C to 70°C
• Ageing: ± 15 ppb/day ± 300 ppb/year
Very High Stability (optional)
• Stability: ±2x10 over 0°C to 65°C
• Ageing: ± 0.5 ppb/day ± 500 ppb/10 year
Generic
Monitor and control interfaces
• Web based GUI
• Diagnostics report, alarm log
• RMCP over TCP-IP/UDP and RS232/RS485
• SNMP v2c
Alarm interface
• Electrical dual contact closure alarm contacts
• Connector 9-pin sub-D (F)
• Logical interface and general device alarm
Physical
• 1RU, width: 19”, depth 51 cm, 6 kg
• Power supply: 90-130 & 180-260 Vac, 105 VA,47-63 Hz
• Temperature
- Operational: 0°C to 40°C
- Storage: -40 to +70°C
• Humidity: 5% to 85% non-condensing
• CE label
Appendix C – Details GR-01 and GR-02
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APPENDIX C – DETAILS GR-01 AND GR-02
Specifications of option GR-01 - High Stability 10MHz reference In/Out
Stability: +/-5x10exp-8 over 0°C to 70°C
Warm-up time: 5 min (+/-100 ppb)
Ageing: +/-15 ppb/day
+/-300ppb/year
Phase noise (dBc/Hz): 10Hz:-100
50kHz:-140
Specifications of option GR-02 – Very high stability 10 MHz reference In/Out
Stability: +/-2x10exp-9 over 0°C to 65°C
Warm-up time: 5 min (+/-50 ppb)
Ageing: +/-0.5 ppb/day
+/-75ppb/year
+/-500ppb/10year
Phase noise (dBc/Hz): 10Hz: -120
50kHz:-140
1kHz:-145
10kHz:-145
100kHz:-145
Appendix D – How to Mix Normal and Short
Frames
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APPENDIX D – HOW TO MIX NORMAL AND SHORT
FRAMES
Introduction
This section will give some more information on the limitations when mixing normal
and short frames.
General functioning mode
The LDPC/BCH decoder processes a frame while receiving the next frame. This
processing takes a minimum time and the minimal time is about 4 times longer for
a normal frame as for a short frame. As a normal frame is 4 times longer then a
short one, this is normal behaviour.
Now an issue can arise when mixing short and normal frames. When a short frame
is received, the decoder might be processing a normal frame. So it is clear that the
short frame needs to be long enough so that the decoder has the needed time to
process the normal frame.
The duration of this short frame is (# of symbols in the frame / Symbol Rate).
Short frames need about 0.3 dB more margin for the same spectral efficiency. But
they are 4 times shorter, so have less latency, which is most visible at low symbol
rates.
Rules for correct functioning
This table gives an overview of the maximum baud rates that can be used in the
different conditions of mixing short and normal frames and the different available
ModCods.
Max Symbol
Rate (Mbaud)
Used Frames Possible ModCod’s
10 short & normal All (no 32APSK with short frames)
15 short & normal QPSK --> 8PSK x/y
20 short QPSK
33 normal & short All up to 32 APSK
45 normal & short All except 32 APSK
Table 17 – Overview maximum baud rate at different using conditions
Appendix D – How to Mix Normal and Short
Frames
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Short & Normal = Using short frames mixed with normal frames.
Normal & Short = Using normal frames mixed with short frames.
Conclusion
As a general rule, we can say that it is recommended to use normal frames. Short
frames however are useful when working with low symbol rates or with latency
sensitive applications.
Mixing normal frames and short frames is an exception on the two general rules,
so it is not recommended to be used.
Other demodulators will show similar behaviour with other values for the different
maximum symbol rates.
Appendix E – Abbreviations
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APPENDIX E – ABBREVIATIONS
Acronym Definition
ACI Adjacent Channel Interference
APSK Amplitude and Phase Shift Keying
ASI Asynchronous Serial Interface
BB Base Band
BER Bit Error Rate/Ratio
BNC Bayonet (Neill Concelman) Connector (for coaxial cable)
BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying
BUC Block Up Converter
DC Direct Current
DSNG Digital Satellite News Gathering
DVB Digital Video Broadcasting
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
FCC Federal Communications Commission
FEC Forward Error Correction (in data transmission systems)
GND Ground (connection in equipment or circuits)
GUI Graphical User Interface
HPA High Power Amplifier (used in SNG terminals)
HSSI High Speed Serial Interface
HTML HyperText Mark-up Language (used by World-Wide Web Docs)
ID Identifier
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
Appendix E – Abbreviations
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Acronym Definition
IF Intermediate Frequency
IFL Inter Facility Link
IP Internet Protocol
IT Information Technology
ITU-T International Telecommunication Union Telecom Standard Sector
LAN Local Area Network
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LME Link Margin Estimator
LNB Low noise block downconverter
LSB Least Significant Bit (in digital coding)
M&C Monitoring and Control
MIB Management Information Base
NEC National Electrical Code
NMS Network Management System
PC Personal Computer
PER Packet Error Rate
PSU Power Supply Unit
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QEF Quasi Error Free
QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
RF Radio Frequency
RMCP Remote Monitor and Control Protocol
ROHS Restriction Of Hazardous Substances
RX Receive
Appendix E – Abbreviations
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Acronym Definition
SAME
SMA Spectrum Management Agency
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
TX Transmit
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