Nevion CP4400 User Manual
CP4400 TS Processor
User’s Manual
Revision: 2.0.A (5199)
2017-05-16
Valid for SW version 2.0.X.
nevion.com
Contents
1 History 11
2 Introduction 13
2.1 Scope 13
2.2 Warnings, cautions and notes 13
2.3 Heed warnings 14
2.4 Contact information 14
3 Short Product Description 15
3.1 Summary of Features 15
3.2 Software options 16
3.3 Hardware options 17
4 Installing the Equipment 19
4.1 Inspect the package content 19
4.2 Installation Environment 19
4.3 Equipment installation 20
4.4 Ventilation 20
4.5 Power supply 21
4.5.1 AC power supply 21
4.5.1.1 Dual AC power supplies 21
4.5.1.2 AC power cable 21
4.5.1.3 Protective Earth/technical Earth 22
4.5.1.4 Connecting to the AC power supply 22
4.5.2 Powering up/down 23
5 Functional Description 25
5.1 Introduction 25
5.2 TS inputs 25
5.3 TS output 25
5.4 SFN adapter 25
5.5 TS over IP 26
5.5.1 Input and output 26
5.5.2 Protocol mapping 26
5.6 Deterministic multiplexer module 26
5.7 T2-gateway module 27
5.8 Seamless IP Protection Switching 27
5.9 Seamless switch 29
5.9.1 Modes 29
5.9.1.1 Normal 29
5.9.1.2 DVB-T 29
5.9.1.3 DVB-T2 30
5.9.2 Requirements 30
5.9.3 Stream locking 30
5.9.4 Switching 30
5.9.4.1 Automatic switch 30
5.9.4.2 Manual switch 30
5.9.4.3 Fall back switch 31
5.10 Management sub-system 31
5.10.1 Graphical user interface 31
5.10.2 Configuration database 31
5.10.3 Alarm manager 32
5.11 Time synchronisation 32
6 Physical Description 33
6.1 Slot and port numbering scheme 33
6.2 ASI inputs 34
6.3 1PPS input 34
6.4 Alarm/Reset interface 34
6.5 Ethernet ports 35
6.5.1 SFP+ ports 36
6.6 USB port 36
6.7 Technical Earth 36
6.8 Mains power connector 36
6.9 I/O daughter boards 36
6.9.1 ASI Board (legacy) 36
6.9.2 DVB S/S2 Board 37
6.9.3 DVB T/T2 Board 37
6.10 Front Panel Display 37
6.10.1 Using the Front Panel Display 38
7 Operating the Equipment 41
7.1 Accessing the graphical user interface 41
7.2 Password protection 41
7.3 Changing the IP address of the unit 42
7.3.1 Changing IP address via the Web GUI 42
7.3.2 Changing the management port IP address via the terminal interface 43
7.3.3 Changing the IP address via the display 44
7.3.4 Changing the IP address via Detect 44
7.4 Software upgrade 45
7.4.1 NX-HW-S/S2-DEMOD-X2 45
8 WEB Interface 47
8.1 Login 47
8.2 Status header 48
8.3 Status 49
8.3.1 Device Status 50
8.3.2 Elements Status 50
8.3.3 Input Status 51
8.3.4 Current alarms 51
8.3.5 Alarm log 52
8.3.5.1 Live Log 52
8.3.5.2 SLA 54
8.3.5.3 Searchable Log 56
8.4 Device Info 57
8.4.1 Product info 57
8.4.2 Alarms 59
8.4.2.1 System alarm config 60
8.4.2.2 System alarm log 61
8.4.2.3 Alarm profiles 61
8.4.2.4 Alarm definitions 61
8.4.3 Chassis Config 62
8.4.3.1 Accepting new boards 62
8.4.3.2 Ejecting/removing boards 63
8.4.4 Time Settings 63
8.4.4.1 Daylight Saving 64
8.4.4.2 Leap Seconds 65
8.4.5 Clock Reference 66
8.4.6 TXP Settings 67
8.4.7 SNMP Settings 68
8.4.8 Save/Load Config 69
8.4.8.1 Save Configuration To File 69
8.4.8.2 Load Configuration From file 70
8.4.8.2.1 Load options 70
8.4.8.3 Stored Configurations 71
8.4.9 Maintenance 72
8.4.9.1 General 72
8.4.9.2 Software Upgrade 73
8.4.9.2.1 FTP upgrade 74
8.4.9.3 Features 75
8.4.10 Users 76
8.4.11 Logos 77
8.4.12 GUI Preferences 78
8.5 Network 79
8.5.1 Network overview 80
8.5.1.1 IP Ping 80
8.5.1.2 IP Snooper 81
8.5.1.3 IP Routes 82
8.5.1.3.1 Adding a new IP route 82
8.5.1.3.2 Removing an existing IP route 83
8.5.1.3.3 Applying IP routing changes 83
8.5.1.3.4 Configuring a default gateway for the device 84
8.5.1.4 Network Services 84
8.5.1.4.1 Security considerations 86
8.5.2 Ethernet port 86
8.5.2.1 IP Interface 87
8.5.2.2 Ethernet 88
8.5.2.3 Ethernet alarms 90
8.5.2.4 VLAN 90
8.6 Inputs 91
8.6.1 Inputs Overview 91
8.6.1.1 IP input wizard 92
8.6.1.2 IP Inputs 95
8.6.1.3 DVB-S/S2 Inputs 97
8.6.1.4 DVB-T/T2 Inputs 99
8.6.2 TS (Transport Stream) Inputs 100
8.6.2.1 Main 101
8.6.2.1.1 Main (ASI input) 101
8.6.2.1.2 Main (IP input) 104
8.6.2.1.3 Main (DVB-S/S2 input) 106
8.6.2.1.4 Main (DVB-T/T2 input) 108
8.6.2.2 Alarms 111
8.6.2.2.1 TS alarms 112
8.6.2.2.2 Alarm Log 114
8.6.2.2.3 Searchable Log 115
8.6.2.3 IP 115
8.6.2.3.1 Main 115
8.6.2.3.2 Seamless IP Protection Switching 117
8.6.2.3.3 FEC 119
8.6.2.3.4 Buffer regulator 121
8.6.2.3.5 Statistics 124
8.6.2.3.6 Inter Arrival Time 124
8.6.2.4 PIDs 126
8.6.2.4.1 PIDs Grid 126
8.6.2.4.2 PID rates 128
8.6.2.4.3 PID Types 128
8.6.2.4.4 Type Rates 129
8.6.2.5 Services 129
8.6.2.5.1 Service List 129
8.6.2.6 Tables 134
8.6.2.6.1 Tables 134
8.6.2.6.2 Sources 136
8.6.2.6.3 Settings 137
8.6.2.7 S/S2 138
8.6.2.7.1 Main 138
8.6.2.7.2 LNB settings 141
8.6.2.7.3 Constellation 142
8.6.2.7.4 Statistics 143
8.6.2.8 T/T2 144
8.6.2.8.1 DVB-T 144
8.6.2.8.2 DVB-T2 145
8.6.2.8.3 L1 148
8.7 Transforms 153
8.7.1 Input Switch 153
8.7.1.1 General settings 153
8.7.1.2 Add/Remove Input 154
8.7.1.3 Automatic Mode 154
8.7.1.4 Manual Mode 155
8.7.2 Descrambler 155
8.7.2.1 Settings 156
8.7.3 Seamless switch 156
8.7.3.1 Main 157
8.7.3.2 Alarms 159
8.8 Deterministic multiplexer 159
8.8.1 Main 159
8.8.2 Alarms 161
8.8.3 PIDs 161
8.8.3.1 Add PID Rule(s) dialog 162
8.8.3.2 Remove PID Rule(s) Button 163
8.8.4 APCR Analysis 164
8.9 T2-Gateways 165
8.9.1 Main page 166
8.9.2 Alarms 166
8.9.3 T2 Config 167
8.9.3.1 Main 167
8.9.3.2 PLPs 169
8.9.4 T2 SFN 173
8.9.5 T2-MI IA 174
8.9.6 TS 176
8.10 Outputs 177
8.10.1 Outputs Overview 177
8.10.1.1 ASI Outputs 178
8.10.1.2 IP Outputs 178
8.10.2 Output 179
8.10.2.1 Main tab 179
8.10.2.1.1 Main (ASI output) 179
8.10.2.1.2 Main (IP output) 180
8.10.2.2 Alarms 182
8.10.2.3 IP Destinations 183
8.10.2.3.1 Main 183
8.10.2.3.2 FEC 185
8.10.2.3.3 RIPv2 187
8.10.2.3.4 Interface specific settings 189
8.10.2.3.5 Ping 190
8.10.2.3.6 Advanced 190
9 SNMP 193
9.1 SNMP agent characteristics 193
9.2 MIB overview 193
9.2.1 Supported standard MIBs 193
9.2.2 Custom MIBs 193
9.2.3 How to use the MIB 194
9.3 Alarm/status related SNMP TRAPs 195
9.3.1 The main trap messages 195
9.3.2 Severity indications 195
9.3.3 Alarm event fields 196
9.3.4 Matching of on/off traps 197
10 Examples of Use 199
10.1 Intro 199
10.2 Installation in a system 199
10.3 Configure seamless switch initial buffers 199
11 Preventive Maintenance and Fault-finding 201
11.1 Preventive maintenance 201
11.1.1 Routine inspection 201
11.1.2 Cleaning 201
11.1.3 Servicing 201
11.1.4 Warranty 202
11.2 Fault-finding 202
11.2.1 Preliminary checks 202
11.2.2 PSU LED not lit / power supply problem 203
11.2.3 Fan(s) not working / unit overheating 204
11.3 Disposing of this equipment 204
11.4 Returning the unit 204
A Glossary 205
B Technical Specification 211
B.1 Physical details 211
B.1.1 Full-width (dual power) version 211
B.2 Environmental conditions 211
B.3 Power 211
B.3.1 AC Mains supply 211
B.4 Input/output ports 212
B.4.1 ASI I/O board 212
B.4.2 DVB-T/T2 board 212
B.4.3 DVB-S/S2 board 213
B.4.4 Ethernet ports 213
B.4.5 SFP+ Ethernet ports 213
B.4.6 Serial USB interface 214
B.5 Alarm ports 214
B.5.1 Alarm relay/reset port specification 214
B.6 External reference 214
B.6.1 10MHz/1 PPS input 215
B.7 Compliance 215
B.7.1 Safety 215
B.7.2 Electromagnetic compatibility - EMC 215
B.7.3 CE marking 215
B.7.4 Interface to “public telecommunication system” 216
C Forward Error Correction in IP Networks 217
C.1 IP stream distortion 217
C.2 Standardisation 218
C.3 FEC matrix 218
C.4 Transmission aspects 221
C.5 Quality of service and packet loss in IP networks 222
C.6 Error improvement 223
C.7 Latency and overhead 224
D Quality of Service, Setting Packet Priority 227
D.1 MPLS 227
D.2 Layer 3 routing 227
D.2.1 CP4400 configuration 228
D.3 Layer 2 priority 228
D.3.1 CP4400 configuration 228
E Validation of DVB-T2 Parameters 229
E.1 T2-Frame 229
E.1.1 T2-Base 229
E.1.2 T2-Lite 230
E.2 Physical Layer Pipe 230
F Estimated Transmission Time 231
F.1 How the CP4400 uses the configured ETT value 231
F.1.1 Example with 2 modulators 231
F.2 Implications of adjusting ETT 231
F.3 How to set ETT 232
G Alarms 233
H References 253
1 History
History 11
Revision Date Comments
2.0.A 2017-05-16 – Updated to match new release
1.10.A 2016-09-16 – Updated to match new release
1.8.0 2016-01-28 – Updated to match new release
1.4.0 2015-04-13 – Added description of IP-RX FEC
– Clean up IP-RX pages
1.2.1 2015-03-26 – First version
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CP4400 User’s Manual Rev. 2.0.A (5199) ID: tsprocessor_cp4400
Introduction 13
2 Introduction
2.1 Scope
This manual is written for operators and users of the CP4400 TS Processor and provides necessary
information for installation, operation and day-to-day maintenance of the unit. The manual covers
the functionality of the software version 2.0.X or later, and continues to be relevant to subsequent
software versions where the functionality of the equipment has not been changed. When a new
software version changes the functionality of the product, an updated version of this manual will
be provided.
The manual covers the following topics:
• Getting started
• Equipment installation
• Operating instructions
• WEB interface description
• Preventive maintenance and fault finding
• Alarm listing
• Technical specifications
2.2 Warnings, cautions and notes
Throughout this manual warnings, cautions and notes are highlighted as shown below:
Warning: This is a warning. Warnings give information, which if strictly
observed, will prevent personal injury and death, or damage to personal
property or the environment.
Caution: This is a caution. Cautions give information, which if strictly
followed, will prevent damage to equipment or other goods.
Note: Notes provide supplementary information. They are highlighted for
emphasis, as in this example, and are placed immediately after the relevant
text.
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14 Introduction
2.3 Heed warnings
• All warnings marked on the product and in this manual should be adhered to. The
manufacturer cannot be held responsible for injury or damage resulting from negligence of warnings and cautions given.
• All the safety and operating instructions should be read before this product is installed
and operated.
• All operating and usage instructions should be followed.
• The safety and operating instructions should be retained for future reference.
2.4 Contact information
Our primary goal is to provide first class customer care tailored to your specific business and
operational requirements.
Please contact us at:
Telephone +47 22 88 97 50
Fax +47 22 88 97 51
E-mail support@nevion.com
WEB http://www.nevion.com
Mail and visiting address Nevion
Lysaker Torg 5
NO-1366 Lysaker
Norway
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Short Product Description 15
3 Short Product Description
The CP4400 is part of the Nevion cProcessor product family for processing and handling of MPEG
transport streams. The cProcessor family represents a line of compact and powerful, yet costeffective, products designed for advanced modification of MPEG Transport Streams.
The CP4400 supports up to 7 DVB-T2 Gateways that uses the advanced capabilities of the cProcessor family to wrap the transport stream (TS) into the DVB-T2 modulator interface (T2-MI). In addition to the data, this T2-MI interface contains signalling, control and timing information for the
DVB-T2 modulators.
The number and types of inputs are subject to the hardware configuration of the unit. The CP4400
has four slots where I/O boards can be inserted. These four slots can be filled with any combination of availableI/O boards from Nevion, and these boards are referred to as daughter boards. The
main board has four ASI inputs, and in total, depending on the combination of daughter boards,
the unit can have:
• Up to 20 separate ASI inputs
• Up to 8 DVB-S/S2 inputs
3.1 Summary of Features
Features of the CP4400 include:
• Supports up to 7 independent T2-Gateway instances.
• Transport Stream (TS) encapsulation in T2-MI packets
− Single or Multiple Physical Layer Pipe (PLP)
− Null packet deletion
− Input Stream Synchronisation (ISSY) support (short/long)
− Normal and high efficiency transmission mode
− Time interleaving support
• L1-Signalling
− Bandwidth selection (1.7MHz, 5MHz, 6MHz, 7MHz, 8MHz, 10MHz)
− Configurable signalling of the of the DVB-T2 frames
− Modulation up to 256-QAM
• SFN adaptation
− DVB-T2 timestamp for SFN networks (relative/absolute)
− 1 PPS timing reference input
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16 Short Product Description
− SNTP support for Absolute timestamps
• Individual addressing
− Multiple Input Single Output (MISO)/ Single Input Single Output (SISO) transmission
mode support for individual modulators
− Individual PAPR parameters for individual modulators
• Transport stream monitoring
− TR 101 290 Priority 1 monitoring: Sync loss, CC error
− Monitoring of min/max bitrate for individual PIDs
− Output PID monitoring (CC errors)
• Flexible alarm configuration options
− Alarm levels freely configurable individually for each channel
− Individual setting of alarm levels based on PID values
• Compact, cost-effective solution
• User-friendly configuration and control
− WEB/XML based remote control
− Easy access to unit from any WEB browser
− Easy integration to NMS systems with SNMP Trap support
− SNMPv2c agent
• Transmission of T2-MI transport stream over Gigabit Ethernet
• Reception of transport stream over Gigabit Ethernet
• IP TX Forward Error Correction
3.2 Software options
The CP4400 functionality depends on the software licences installed. The following table describes
the features available as software options. Please refer to Section 8.4.9.3 for more information how
to obtain and enable feature upgrades.
Table 3.1.a Functionality enabled through software licences
Code Max value Description Key features
AMMX 50 Enables advanced monitoring on
multi-program transport stream (MPTS)
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ETR 290 Pri 2 and 3, PCR, Table decoding,
Packet dump
Short Product Description 17
Table 3.1.b Functionality enabled through software licences
Code Max value Description Key features
AS2 - Enables advanced monitoring options 16APSK, 32APSK
BISS-RX - Enables BISS descrambling of Transport
Streams
DET2X 1 Enables single deterministic multiplexer with a
T2-Gateway output
MPTX 7 Enables MPTS over IP monitoring. MPTS
TSOX 10 Enables output of Transport Streams over IP IP outputs
ISWX 10 Enables TS Input switching functionality TS Input Switching
SSWX 1 Number of TS Seamless Switchs TS Seamless Switch
T2GW 7 Number of T2-Gateways T2-Gateways
FEC - Enables support for Forward Error Correction
on video data traffic.
SIPS - Enables Seamsless IP Protection SIPS
LDO - Enables Launch Delay Offset LDO
PLPAX 24 Additional PLPs to use for Multi-PLP
operation. May be allocated to any
T2-Gateway.
BISS-1
Deterministic multiplexing with T2-Gateway
FEC
PLP
3.3 Hardware options
The CP4400 comes with a variety of hardware options. The product can be ordered with up to
four daughter boards in order to tailor to specific needs in terms of inputs to monitor.
Currently, the four slots on the CP4400 can be populated with any combination of the daughter
boards listed below.
• ASI board (4xASI BNC inputs)
• DVB-S/S2 board (2xDVB-S/S2 F-connector inputs and 2xASI BNC test outputs)
• DVB-T/T2 board (2xDVB-T/T2 F-connector inputs and 2xASI BNC test outputs)
• GPS board with antenna output
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Installing the Equipment 19
4 Installing the Equipment
Caution: The CP4400 must be handled carefully to prevent safety hazards
and equipment damage. Ensure that the personnel designated to install
the unit have the required skill and knowledge. Follow the instructions
for installation and use only installation accessories recommended by the
manufacturers.
4.1 Inspect the package content
• Inspect the shipping container for damage. Keep the shipping container and cushioning
material until you have inspected the contents of the shipment for completeness and have
checked that the CP4400 is mechanically and electrically in order.
• Verify that you received the following items:
− CP4400 with correct power supply option
− Power cord(s)
− CD-ROM containing documentation and Flash Player installation files
− Any optional accessories you have ordered
4.2 Installation Environment
As with any electronic device, the CP4400 should be placed where it will not be subjected to
extreme temperatures, humidity, or electromagnetic interference. Specifically, the selected site
should meet the following requirements:
• The ambient temperature should be between 0 and 50◦C (32 and 122◦F).
• The relative humidity should be less than 95 %, non-condensing. Do not install the unit
in areas of high humidity or where there is danger of water ingress.
• Surrounding electric devices should comply with the electromagnetic field (EMC) standard IEC 801-3, Level 2 (less than 3 V/m field strength).
• The AC power outlet (when applicable) should be within 1.8 meters (6 feet) of the CP4400.
• Where appropriate, ensure that this product has an adequate level of lightning protec-
tion. Alternatively, during a lightning storm or if it is left unused and unattended for
long periods of time, unplug it from the power supply and disconnect signal cables. This
prevents damage to the product due to lightning and power-line surges.
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20 Installing the Equipment
CP541
Cool
Air In
Warm
Air Out
Warning: If the CP4400 has been subject to a lightning strike or a power
surge which has stopped it working, disconnect the power immediately.
Do not re-apply power until it has been checked for safety. If in doubt
contact Nevion.
4.3 Equipment installation
The CP4400 is designed for stationary use in a standard 19" rack. When installing please observe
the following points:
• Route cables safely to avoid them being pinched, crushed or otherwise interfered with.
Do not run AC power cables and signal cables in the same duct or conduit.
• The CP4400 has all connectors at the rear. When mounting the unit, ensure that the installation allows easy access to the rear of the unit.
• The fans contained in this unit are not fitted with dust/insect filters. Pay particular attention to this when considering the environment in which it shall be used.
• Make sure that the equipment is adequately ventilated. Do not block the ventilation holes
on each side of the CP4400.
4.4 Ventilation
Openings in the cabinet are provided for ventilation to protect it from overheating and ensure
reliable operation. The openings must not be blocked or covered. Allow at least 50 mm free airspace each side of the unit.
Warning: Never insert objects of any kind into this equipment through
openings as they may touch dangerous voltage points or create shorts that
could result in a fire or electric shock. Never spill liquid of any kind on or
into the product.
• This product should never be placed near or over a radiator or heat register. Do not place
in a built-in installation (e.g. a rack) unless proper ventilation is provided in accordance
with the device airflow design as depicted in Figure 4.1 .
• The CP4400 may be vertically stacked in 19" racks without intermediate ventilation panels. In systems with stacked units forced-air cooling may be required to reduce the operating ambient temperature.
Figure 4.1 shows the air path through the unit, where cool air is taken from the left hand
side, seen from the front.
Figure 4.1 Air path through the unit
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Installing the Equipment 21
4.5 Power supply
The CP4400 is delivered rated for AC operation.
Warning: This product should be operated only from the type of power
source indicated on the marking label. Please consult a qualified electrical
engineer or your local power company if you are not sure of the power
supplied at your premises.
4.5.1 AC power supply
The CP4400 has a wide-range power supply accepting the voltage range 100-240 VAC, 50/60 Hz.
Please refer to
4.5.1.1 Dual AC power supplies
Alternatively, the CP4400 may be fitted with dual internal wide-range AC power supplies. The
power supplies cover the voltage range 100-240 VAC, 50/60 Hz.
Appendix B for a detailed specification of the AC power supply.
During normal operation, load-sharing is used between the internal supplies. In case of a single
power supply failure alarms will be raised and the unit will continue operating off the second
power supply. To guard against failure in the external power circuitry it is imperative to connect
each power supply to separate AC mains circuits.
Please refer to Appendix B for a detailed specification of the AC power supply.
4.5.1.2 AC power cable
Ensure that the AC power cable is suitable for the country in which the unit is to be operated.
Caution: Power supply cords should be routed so that they are not likely
to be trod on or pinched by items placed upon or against them. Pay
particular attention to cords at plugs and convenience receptacles.
The unit is supplied with a two meter detachable mains supply cable equipped with a moulded
plug suitable for Europe, UK or USA, as appropriate. The wires in the mains cable are coloured
in accordance with the wire colour code shown in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1 Supply cable wiring colours
Wire UK (BS 1363) EUROPE (CEE 7/7) USA (NEMA 5-15P)
Earth Green-and yellow Green-and yellow Green
Neutral Blue Blue White
Live Brown Brown Black
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22 Installing the Equipment
4.5.1.3 Protective Earth/technical Earth
To achieve protection against earth faults in the installation introduced by connecting signal cables
etc., the equipment should always be connected to protective earth. If the mains supply cable is
disconnected while signal cables are connected to the equipment, an earth connection should be
ensured using the Technical Earth connection terminal on the rear panel of the unit.
Warning: This unit must be correctly earthed through the moulded plug
supplied. If the local mains supply does not provide an earth connection
do not connect the unit.
Caution: Consult the supply requirements in Appendix B prior to connecting the unit to the supply.
The unit has a Technical Earth terminal located in the rear panel. Its use is recommended. This is
not a protective earth for electrical shock protection; the terminal is provided in order to:
1. Ensure that all equipment chassis fixed in the rack are at the same technical earth potential. To achieve this, connect a wire between the Technical Earth terminal and a suitable
point in the rack. To be effective all interconnected units should be earthed this way.
2. Eliminate the migration of stray charges when interconnecting equipment.
Warning: If the terminal screw has to be replaced, use an M4x12mm long
pozidrive pan head. Using a longer screw may imply a safety hazard.
4.5.1.4 Connecting to the AC power supply
Warning: Do not overload wall outlets and extension cords as this can
result in fire hazard or electrical shock. The unit is not equipped with an
on/off switch. Ensure that the outlet socket is installed near the equipment
so that it is easily accessible. Failure to isolate the equipment properly may
cause a safety hazard.
To connect the unit to the local AC power supply, connect the AC power lead to the CP4400 mains
input connector(s) and then to the local mains supply.
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Installing the Equipment 23
4.5.2 Powering up/down
Before powering-up the unit, please ensure that:
• The unit is installed in a suitable location
• The unit has been connected to external equipment as required
Power up the unit by inserting the power cable connected to the power source. When the unit has
finished the start-up procedure, the fans will run at normal speed. Please check that all cooling
fans are rotating. If they are not, power down the unit immediately.
Power down the unit by removing the power supply connector at the rear of the unit.
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Functional Description 25
5 Functional Description
5.1 Introduction
The CP4400 is a DVB-T2 gateway designed for the encapsulation of Transport Streams (TS) in T2MI frames. The product offers an easy-to use WEB based user interface, a flexible and powerful
T2-MI encapsulation module and integration with network management systems via the SNMP
interface.
This chapter gives a brief description of the CP4400 inner structure, allowing a better understanding of the device’s functionality, its operation mode and its applications.
Figure
description of the different blocks is provided in following sections.
5.1 showsa functional block diagram of the main componentsinside the CP4400. A detailed
Figure 5.1 Product block diagram
5.2 TS inputs
The CP4400 supports TS inputs over ASI, IP or DVB-S/S2 signals. Any type may be used as a
source for a PLP.
5.3 TS output
The CP4400 generates one or more T2-MI output(s). The T2-MI signals may be output on either
ASI or over IP.
5.4 SFN adapter
The product is fitted with an SFN adapter that generates an accurate DVB-T2 timestamp. This
enables synchronisation of the output clock to the Network Time Protocol (NTP) or a 1PPS signal
for operation in SFN networks. The 1 PPS signal can be taken from an external source.
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26 Functional Description
Ethernet
14 bytes
[IEEE 802.3/802.3u]
IP
20 bytes
[RFC 769]
Optional
VLAN
4 bytes
[802.1q]
UDP
8 bytes
(RFC 768)
RTP
12 bytes
(RFC 1889)
1-7 MPEG TS packets
188 – 1316 bytes
[ISO/IEC 13818-1]
5.5 TS over IP
5.5.1 Input and output
The CP4400 support TS over IP inputs, these are modelled to have the same functionality as the
ASI input ports, and content received will be available to the DVB-T2 Gateway generating the
output. The input streams can be either SPTS or MPTS and streams with or without RTP layer are
accepted.
Each DVB-T2 Gateway can generate one output and the operator chooses whether to transmit this
stream over IP or not.
5.5.2 Protocol mapping
Figure 5.2 Protocol mapping
When transmitting T2-MI streams over IP, the protocol mapping is according to figure 5.2. The
VLAN framing and RTP encapsulation are optional.
The RTP layer is important for diagnosing network related problems, since it contains a sequence
number that can be used for packet loss detection.
The maximum transfer unit (MTU) for Ethernet is usually 1500 bytes. This limits the number of
transport stream packets to embed into the outgoing Ethernet/IP frames to be between 1 and 7.
5.6 Deterministic multiplexer module
The CP4400 contains a module for deterministic multiplexing of one or more Transport Stream
inputs. Deterministic multiplexing means that several CP4400 units which have the exact same
configuration and are fed the same TS signals, will generate multiplexes that are identical. That
is, Null Packets will be inserted in the same packet slots, PCR restamping will be done to produce
identical PCR values and data packets will be multiplexed to the same packet positions.
To be able to do deterministic multiplexing the CP4400 requires that each input contains a APCR
packets. These packets must be inserted at an earlier stage in the transmission chain by an APCR
Inserter.
The deterministic multiplexer module forwards it’s data to the T2-Gateway module, which will
add the T2-MI layer. The T2-MI wrapper will also be added in a deterministic manner, such that
two or more units with the same streams and same configuration will produce identical T2-MI
streams.
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Functional Description 27
TS
BBFRAMEBUILDER
TS Packetizer
Clock & Time
base
T2MI TS
T2
config
Scheduler
config
Rate Control
1PPS
Time stamp
L1 signaling
5.7 T2-gateway module
Figure 5.3 DVB-T2 Gateway module
The DVB-T2 Gateway module illustrated in figure 5.3 is the main module of the CP4400, it encapsulates TS-input packets in Baseband frames, generates an accurate timestamp and generates
L1-signalling frames. The resulting T2-MI frames are packetized and encapsulated again in TS
packets to be transported over a network.
According to the DVB-T2 frame structure, T2-MI frames carrying user data are sent first followed
by a timestamp frame and a L1-frame. The time stamp frames and L1-frames are generated accordingly to the settings defined in the user interface.
The DVB-T2 packet bitrate is kept constant by the time source or the 1PPS signal, this prevent the
overflowing of the buffer on the modulator side when the unit and the modulator uses the same
time source.
5.8 Seamless IP Protection Switching
Seamless IP Protection Switching (SIPS) provides redundancy by protecting the media stream
against errors in the IP network, but in a different manner compared to Forward Error Correction
(FEC). FEC is designed to protect the stream against single or short burst packet losses, whereas
SIPS provides protectionagainst loss of complete data input, for example, due to link or equipment
failure.
The main idea of SIPS is to transmit two identical copies of the media stream over separate network
paths. At the receiver side, the data from the two incoming streams are combined at packet level
to form an error free output data stream.
The combination of diverse path routing and perfect switching provides for the highest possible
Quality of Service, effectively minimizing the effects of random packet losses, burst packet losses,
losses due to fast reroutes, and link failures.
Functional description
SIPS operates on the RTP packet level. The receive module buffers both incoming streams, mediating and selecting the most appropriate packets in what is termed active-active merging for use in
de-encapsulation. In this way, if one stream is impaired, good packets are delivered via the other
stream and a good output stream can always be reconstructed.
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28 Functional Description
Figure 5.4 SIPS functional overview
There will be packet loss at the combined stream only when the packet is received on neither of
the two IP sources. The data stream resulting from combining the two incoming data streams will
then be processed as one RTP packet stream.
Setup
At the transmitter side, the CP4400 allows sending identical copies of the data flow to a user defined list of destinations. When several destinations have been configured for transmission, media
streams are sent to different IP addresses but the streams are identical down to the RTP layer and
are tagged with the same, randomly generated Synchronization Source ID (SSRC). For each destination, the physical or logical VLAN network interface, and IP unicast or multicast destination
addresses are configured. This enables the two data streams to be routed to their respective network paths directly at the CP4400 or at the first subsequent network node. See Section 8.10.2.3 for
more information on configuring redundant transmission/IP destinations.
At the receiver side SIPS must be enabled and the IP source parameters for IP flow A and B must
be configured to receive the media streams from the two diverse network paths. For any fully
seamless protection system to function, the dual media feeds presented at the receiver needs to
be essentially coherent i.e. the exact same media feed down to the RTP transport layer. When the
data streams have an identical SSRC value and data format, they are assumed to be identical and
are used for Seamless IP Protection Switching. See Section 8.6.2.3.2 for more info on configuration
of SIPS on the receiver.
Delay compensation
As the A and B flows will typically be routed across network links with different delays, it is
necessary for the SIPS module to wait for a period after the first signal is received before it starts
outputting data, to ensure that the second signal that is received does not need to be written to
the buffer after it is read out.
The SIPS Pre-buffer configuration parameter allows this period to be configured to allow the
system to be able to compensate for the maximum expected differential latency between the A
and B flows, while minimizing the additional delay added to the system.
Launch Delay Offset
If dual redundant network paths for some reason is not available, the Nevion patented technology
Launch Delay Offset (LDO) may be employed on the transmitter side.
This feature makes it possible to introduce a delay to one of the transmitted media streams, and
thereby introducing a temporal redundancy in the transmission. In this situation burst losses
approaching the time delay configured for LDO can be handled by the receiving SIPS engine,
even when only one network path is available.
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Functional Description 29
Note that this setup will give protection against long burst losses, but not against complete network failure. If there is a need to protect against link failures, LDO should be used together with
redundant network paths (routing flow A and B through different network paths).
For information on how to configure LDO, see Section 8.10.2.3.1.
Licensing
The SIPS feature requires a SIPS licence at the receiving node. No licence is required to configure
multiple IP destinations for an output channel on the transmit side.
The LDO feature requires the LDO licence at the transmitting node.
Compatibility
The SIPS feature is fully compatible with and extends the functionality of the SMPTE 2022-7
“Seamless Protection Switching of SMPTE ST 2022 IP Datagrams” standard.
5.9 Seamless switch
The seamless switch module is able to switch seamlessly between multiple Transport Streams. It
supports up to 4 individual Transport Streams, and each may be delivered over any interface. I.e.
the seamless switch may have an ASI input, a TSoIP input and a DVB-S2 input.
The seamless switch module is locked to the SSWX licence.
5.9.1 Modes
The seamless switch support several modes. The DVB-T and DVB-T2 modes are protected by
SSFNX licence.
5.9.1.1 Normal
This is the standard operation of the seamless switch, which handles any type of TransportStream.
The inputs to the seamless switch must come from the same Transport Stream source, i.e. all
packet must be bitwise identical and the packet order must be identical. For example Transport
Streams coming from different encoders or streams with different amount of null packets are not
considered identical.
5.9.1.2 DVB-T
The seamless switch is capable of performing seamless switches between different DVB-T SFN
streams coming from SFN Seamless compatible SFN Adapters. Contact Nevion for a list of compatible SFN adapters. A seamless SFN switch means that the seamless switch will switch between
streams in such a way that the MIP stream integrity at the output of the seamless switch will be
kept. This means the modulator will not resynchronize, but the data packets in the stream will be
discontinuous.
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30 Functional Description
5.9.1.3 DVB-T2
The seamless switch is capable of performing seamless switches between different T2-MI streams
coming from compatible SFN Seamless DVB-T2 Gateway’s. Contact Nevion for a list of compatible
DVB-T2 Gateways. In this mode the seamless switch will be able to keep the integrity of the T2-MI
stream during a switch, such that a modulator will not have to resynchronize. However, the data
contained in the T2-MI BBFrames will be discontinuous.
5.9.2 Requirements
For all modes the delay difference between leading and lagging stream stream streams must not
exceed one second. If the streams are not identical the behavior of the switch is undefined.
5.9.3 Stream locking
The input Transport Streams will not arrive at the same time, so the seamless switch will have
to align the streams, by buffering the streams that arrives first. The unit will search for a match
in time between the streams, and then lock the streams to one another. The seamless switch will
always try to lock the streams to the selected input. Only when locked, seamless switching is
possible. If a switch is done in any other state the switch will not be seamless. Locking a stream to
the selected input may take anywhere from some milliseconds up to several seconds. Time until
locked depends on the jitter of the stream and the delay difference between the streams.
5.9.4 Switching
5.9.4.1 Automatic switch
The normal operation mode of the switch is automatic mode, where the seamless switch will
switch automatic between inputs. When all inputs are stable and locked, the seamless switch
will never perform a switch to another input. However, when the inputs are locked, and there
is a sequence of packets that are no longer bitwise identical, the switch may decide to switch to
another input. The switching behavior is best-effort, i.e. the switch will try to determine which
of the non-identical packets is the best one based on a set of criterias. If the seamless switch is
not sure which packet is the best it will prefer the input with the highest priority. It is therefore
important to give the most stable input the highest priority. If there are more than two inputs, the
seamless switch will also consider if multiple sources have identical packets.
5.9.4.2 Manual switch
The operator may at any time switch manually to an input stream. If the switch is in Manual mode
the switch will stay on this input indefinitely, but if the switch is not in Manual mode the switch
may at any time switch to another input stream.
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