Nevion ARC-SD-DMUX User Manual

ARC-SD-DMUX

ARC-SD-DMUX-R

SD-SDI Aspect Ratio Converter

with Audio De-embedding

User manual

Rev. B

Nevion

Nordre Kullerød 1
3241 Sandefjord
Norway
Tel: [phone]

nevion.com

ARC-SD-DMUX Rev. B

Nevion Europe

P.O. Box 1020

3204 Sandefjord, Norway
Support phone 1: [phone]
Support phone 2: [phone]

Nevion USA

1600 Emerson Avenue

Oxnard, CA 93033, USA

Toll free North America: [phone]

Outside North America: [phone]

E-mail: [e-mail]

See http://www.nevion.com/support/ for service hours for customer support globally.

Rev.

Repl.

Date

Sign

Change description

B 1 2013-10-29

TB

Corrected bit depth for analog video; new template

1 A 2010-03-09

MDH

Editing release

A - 2009-10-05

JD

First preliminary release

Nevion Support

Revision history

Current revision of this document is the uppermost in the table below.

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ARC-SD-DMUX Rev. B

Contents

Revision history ........................................................................................................ 2

1 Product overview ................................................................................................... 5

1.1 Product versions ........................................................................................................... 5

2 Specifications ........................................................................................................ 6

3 Description ............................................................................................................ 8

3.1 Data paths ..................................................................................................................... 8

3.1.1 Audio data path .......................................................................................................... 8

3.1.2 Video data path .......................................................................................................... 8

3.2 Video blocks overview ................................................................................................... 9

3.3 Optical/ Electrical input selection ................................................................................... 9

3.3.1 Automatic selection mode .......................................................................................... 9

3.3.2 Manual selection mode .............................................................................................10

3.4 De-glitcher ....................................................................................................................10

3.5 Aspect Ratio Converter block .......................................................................................10

3.5.1 Automatic scaling modes...........................................................................................10

3.5.2 Pre-defined settings ..................................................................................................14

3.5.3 User defined settings .................................................................................................14

3.6 Frame synchronizer .....................................................................................................15

3.6.1 Frame Sync mode .....................................................................................................15

3.6.2 Frame delay mode ....................................................................................................15

3.7 Video generator ............................................................................................................15

3.8 Label generator ............................................................................................................16

3.9 Video processing block ................................................................................................16

3.9.1 Gain and offset ..........................................................................................................16

3.9.2 Video payload legalizer ................................ .............................................................16

3.10 EDH processing block ................................................................................................16

3.11 Video output selection ................................................................................................16

3.12 Video DAC .................................................................................................................17

3.13 Audio overview ...........................................................................................................17

3.13.1 Audio de-embedder .................................................................................................17

3.13.2 Audio delay .............................................................................................................17

3.13.3 Audio cross point matrix ..........................................................................................18

3.13.4 Audio fallback options .............................................................................................18

3.13.5 Audio generator .......................................................................................................18

3.13.6 Audio processing block ...........................................................................................18

3.13.7 Audio embedder ......................................................................................................19

3.13.8 Analog audio output ................................................................................................19

4 Configuration ....................................................................................................... 20

4.1 DIP switch functions .....................................................................................................20

4.2 FACTORY reset function ..............................................................................................21

4.2.1 Rotary switch and push buttons.................................................................................21

4.2.2 Slide switches ...........................................................................................................22

4.3 MULTICON GYDA mode .............................................................................................22

4.3.1 Information page .......................................................................................................22

4.3.2 Configuration page ....................................................................................................22

5 Connections ........................................................................................................ 23

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6 Operation ............................................................................................................. 24

6.1 Front panel LED indicators ...........................................................................................24

6.2 RS422 commands ........................................................................................................25

6.2.1 FLP4.0 required commands ......................................................................................25

6.2.2 Normal control blocks ................................................................................................27

6.2.3 Commands intended for debug/lab use only .............................................................33

General environmental requirements for Nevion equipment .................................. 34

Product Warranty.................................................................................................... 35

Appendix A Materials declaration and recycling information .................................. 36

A.1 Materials declaration ....................................................................................................36

A.2 Recycling information ...................................................................................................36

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ARC-SD-DMUX Rev. B

ARC-SD-DMUX

SD-SDI aspect ratio converter. With 2XSD-SDI out, analog video
outputs, internal audio handling, analog audio outputs, AES (or RS­422 data) out, and frame synchronizer functionality.

ARC-SD-DMUX-R

As above with the addition of a high sensitivity 9/125µm single
mode optical input.

1 Product overview

The Flashlink ARC-SD-DMUX converts the aspect ratio of a SD-SDI signal. The module
changes the scaling during the vertical blanking period so that the changes are apparently
instantaneous.

Two SDI outputs and a set of configurable analog video outputs are provided.
The ARC-SD-DMUX is also a frame synchronizer with an adjustable offset relative to the

sync signal.
The ARC-SD-DMUX also has a de-glitcher to give error-free synchronous switching.
The audio embedded in the SD-SDI stream is de-embedded and can be delayed relative to

video. The stereo audio channels can be swapped in the audio matrix before they are re­embedded in the SD-SDI data output stream.

A selection of user parameters of the card can be controlled by switches on the board.
Complete control of all parameters is available by use of the Flashlink RS422 Control
Protocol Version 4, which is supported by the Multicon GYDA system controller from
software release 2.13.

Figure 1: ARC-SD-DMUX-R block diagram

1.1 Product versions

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ARC-SD-DMUX Rev. B

Data rate:

270 Mbps

Sensitivity:

Better than -22dBm

Detector overload threshold:

-3dBm

Detector damage threshold:

>+1dBm

Optical wavelength:

1200-1620nm

Transmission circuit fiber:

9/125um Single Mode

Return loss:

>27dB

Connector:

SC/UPC

Connectors

75 Ohm BNC

Equalization

Automatic:

- >300m @270Mbps w/Belden 8281, BER < 10E-12

Input Return loss

>15dB, 5MHz -270MHz

Jitter tolerance

- SD limit:

- 10Hz-1kHz: >1 UI

- 10kHz – 5MHz: >0.2 UI

Connector

75 Ohm BNC

Format

Black & Burst, Tri-level

Input Return loss

<-35dB @ < 10MHz,
30dB @ < 30MHz

Number of outputs

2

Polarity

Non-inverting

Connectors

75 Ohm BNC

Output Return loss

>15dB, 5MHz -270MHz

Output signal level

800mV +/- 10%

Output signal rise /
fall time, 20% - 80%

- SD limit: [0.4ns – 1.5ns]; <0.5ns rise/fall var.
Amplitude overshoot

<10%

Output timing jitter

- SD: <0.2 UI

Output alignment jitter

- SD: <0.15 UI

Number of outputs

1 Component YUV or 3 CVBS

Connector

3 x 75R BNC

DC offset

< 0±15mV

White level, NTSC

100±1 IRE

Sync level, NTSC

40±1 IRE

Return loss

> 35dB @ 10MHz, >40dB @ 5MHz

White level, PAL

100±1 IRE

Sync level, PAL

40±1 IRE

Diff gain

<0.5%

Diff phase

<1deg

AM noise

< -60dB

PM noise

< -60dB

S/N

< -60dB

2T K-factor
(2T pulse distortion)

< 0.5%
Luma non-linearity

< 2%

Output resolution

12 bits

2 Specifications

2.1.1.1 Optical SD-SDI input

2.1.1.2 Electrical SD-SDI input

2.1.1.3 Electrical Sync input

2.1.1.4 Electrical SD-SDI outputs

2.1.1.5 Analog Video outputs

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ARC-SD-DMUX Rev. B

Number of outputs

1 stereo pair

Connectors

2 x WECO audio connectors

Impedance

< 66ohm

Dynamic range

>100dB(A)

Crosstalk

< -60dB 20Hz-20kHz

THD+N

Better than 0.03%

Frequency response

20Hz-20kHz +/- 0.5dB

Output level

24dBu +/- 1dB

Common mode DC
Immunity

0 to +50V
Level adjustment range

0 – 24dBu with 1dB step

Two tone intermodulation

< -80dB

Output resolution

24 bits

Number of outputs

1

Connectors

WECO audio connector

Return loss

110R +/-20% 0.1MHz – 6.144MHz

Output jitter

<0.0025UI peak

SD, 270 Mbps

SMPTE 259M, SMPTE 272M-AC, SMPTE297M

Analog video

SMPTE 170M, SMPTE 274M, ITU-R. BT.470,

Centre of picture definition

SMPTE RP187, ITU-R. BT.470

Aspect ratio preservation

SMPTE RP199-1999, SMPTE RP221

Video switch point
definition and sync

SMPTE RP168 (tri-level), SMPTE 170M, ITU-R. BT.470
AES

AES3-1996

Optical

SMPTE 297M

EDH

Compliant to SMPTE RP165

Video Payload
Identification

SMPTE 352M-2002, SMPTE 2016-1, SMPTE 2016-3, SMPTE
RP 186

Minimum delay

256 lines

Power consumption

+5V DC/ 4.6W (4.2W without optical receiver)
+15V DC / 2.55W

-15V DC/ 0.5W
Max 6 cards per frame with dual PWR-AC-75W

2.1.1.6 Analog Audio output

2.1.1.7 AES output

2.1.1.8 Supported standards

2.1.1.9 Minimum video signal delay through processing

2.1.1.10 Other

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ARC-SD-DMUX Rev. B

3 Description

3.1 Data paths

The SD-SDI input selected from the optical or electrical input is equalized, re-clocked and
de-serialized and transferred to a processing unit (FPGA). In the FPGA the signal is sent
through a de-glitcher that cleans up erroneous video lines, for instance due to switching.
After the de-glitcher the video is sent to the Audio de-embedders, where audio is split from
the video.

3.1.1 Audio data path

The stereo audio channels from the de-embedder are sent to an audio store buffer. The
audio is fetched from the audio store buffer after the user specified delay. It is then sent to
the Audio matrix.

Two other sources are available in the audio matrix: A 1 kHz stereo sine tone and a
generated muted sound which is a legal audio stream with muted audio.

Outputs with missing inputs are routed to a fallback signal. The fallback signal may be
silence or the tone generator.

Each output from the matrix is sent to an Audio Processing Block where channels can be
processed or rearranged within the channel pair.

Finally, eight stereo pairs are routed to the Audio Embedder and the two remaining pairs
are sent to the audio DAC and the AES output.

3.1.2 Video data path

The video is routed to an aspect ratio converter block and the resulting SD video is passed
to a Frame synchronizer block.

An internal video generator can be switched in as a fallback source if the input video is
missing.

The audio is re-embedded and the video then passes through a Video processing block
with an integrated Legalizer, before entering an EDH processing block. Embedding of the
EDH packet is configurable.

The parallel video is sent out of the FPGA and into a serializer that re-clocks the data and
sends the SDI to a buffered output switch.

The output switch is used to bypass the video processing core so that DVB-ASI may pass
through the module. The switch selects between the equalized and re-clocked input
(Through mode) and the output from the FPGA(Processed mode).

The outputs of the first two switches are sent to two digital outputs and the third switch
controls the signal sent to the video DAC.

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ARC-SD-DMUX Rev. B

3.2 Video blocks overview

Figure 2: Video block diagram

3.3 Optical/ Electrical input selection

The ARC-SD-DMUX-R has both an optical and an electrical input. The active input can be
either:-

1. Automatic selection based on a prioritized list of inputs and a selected rule of
switching.

2. Manual selection.

When controlled by DIP switches, the card will use the fall back source and generator
settings saved from the last Multicon GYDA session.

3.3.1 Automatic selection mode

Video in Mode set to auto: There are three priority levels. Each level may be assigned an
input setting; optical, electrical, video generator or mute.

The priority is the order in which the board will look for a valid input. The card will switch to
the next priority after a loss of lock of the input signal.

The module will not switch automatically back to a higher priority if the active source is the
electrical or optical input. Latch reset will reset the active input to the main (highest priority)
input.

Hold time determines how long a signal has to be missing/out of lock before it is considered
lost. This is useful to avoid switching when the input has intermittent faults.

Lock time determines how long a higher prioritized signal has to be locked before it again
can be considered to be present and stable. This is only active when the module has lost
both optical and electrical video inputs.

3.3.1.1 If video input disappears

Given that stable SDI input and sync input exist: If the SDI input disappears and Video in is
set to Auto, the board will hold on to the current input for the time set by Hold time whilst
frame freezing.

The board will then select the next input in the priority list.

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3.3.2 Manual selection mode

If the SDI signal disappears the board will frame freeze indefinitely.

3.4 De-glitcher

The de-glitcher corrects timing errors within a line of video due to source switching. This
allows perfect synchronous switching.

Non-synchronous input switching will not produce any other artifacts than a freeze frame if
the frame store has more than a full frame in the memory.

3.5 Aspect Ratio Converter block

The aspect ratio converter block is a 13 tap high quality linear resampling scaling engine. It
may be used to stretch or shrink a picture vertically and horizontally. The picture may also
be offset with respect to the centre of the picture.

The block can detect a change in aspect ratio information embedded in the input signal.
The scaling will then be changed during the vertical blanking period allowing on-air
automatic switching of aspect ratio conversion.

Externally triggered changes of aspect ratio are also deferred until the next vertical interval
to allow the use of the module in a transmission signal path.

The module is intended to be used primarily to convert SD video between standard aspect
4:3 and widescreen 16:9.

The primary difficulty with the conversion is number of possible conversions. This can be
greatly reduced by setting the output aspect ratio to be 4:3 or 16:9. We call this the output
environment. The actual scaling will depend on the input signal.

The output environment setting actually describes the aspect ratio of the pixels. The fill
factor is the term for the amount that the picture fills the output frame, the presence of
horizontal or vertical curtains or black bars.

The output signal will have the appropriate AFD, VI WSS and S352M embedded. All of
these metadata types may also be disabled.

There are four operational modes for the module:

1. AFD -> Frame fill setting -> default conversion

2. AFD -> default conversion

3. Frame fill setting -> default conversion

4. Fixed default conversion

The primary assumption for the first three modes is that an input signal with the same
aspect ratio as the output environment will not be scaled. (There are a couple of
exceptions if the picture has both horizontal and vertical curtains.)

In mode 4 the setting of the default scaling will be used for all input signals.

3.5.1 Automatic scaling modes

The following applies to the first three automatic modes of operation.
The scaling performed by the module is determined by the input picture aspect ratio and fill

factor (presence of ‘curtains’) but normal SD video does not natively state what aspect the

pixels are or if another conversion has already been applied. There are three sources of
information that may be present in the video that can provide some or all of this information.

Active Format Descriptor (SMPTE S2016 referred to as AFD) and Video Index (SMPTE
RP186 referred to as VI) describe both the aspect ratio and the fill factor of the picture.

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ARC-SD-DMUX Rev. B

However, the fill factor descriptor may contain a code to indicate that the fill factor of the
picture is unknown. In that case, the code for the input aspect ratio is used.

SMPTE352M is a data packet that can be used to identify the aspect ratio of the picture.
Wide Screen Signaling present in the input video (WSS) can also be used to identify the

aspect ratio of the picture but is not implemented yet (contact Nevion sales if this is a
requirement).

3.5.1.1 Mode 1: Full automatic mode

The aspect ratio control block will start by looking for AFD presence in the input signal to
select the aspect conversion. If it is not present it will look for VI and then SMPTE S352M
information. If no aspect ratio information is present in the video, the default scaling setting
will be used.

When a valid format descriptor is present, either from AFD or VI, all the conversions in the
AFD code drawing are possible for the given output environment.

In the case where only input environment information is available, a subset of the
conversions is used. The desired filling method must be set. This may be one of the
following:-

 Full frame. The image will be zoomed and cropped. No curtains.
 14:9 pillar box / letterbox. The image will be zoomed and cropped. Narrow curtains.
 4:3 letterbox / 16:9 pillar box. The image will be zoomed. Full curtains.

If the input environment is the same as the output environment, no conversion will be
performed.

3.5.1.2 Mode 2: AFD or default

This mode will only use the AFD information if present. The default scaling will be used if
there is no AFD packet, no video index or the active format descriptor is set to ‘Unknown’.

3.5.1.3 Mode 3: Fill mode or default

This mode will only use the input aspect information from the AFD information if present.
The S352M packet will be used if it is present and neither AFD packets nor VI are present.
The default scaling will be used if there is no AFD packet, no video index and no S352M
packet.

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